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452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35209; hybrids: 676
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.5185 Genus Helminthotheca Zinn; Cat. Pl. Hort. Gott. 430 (1757)
Distribution: Europe, Mediterranean, Asia Minor
Species listed in database: 6
= Crenamum Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 112 (1763), nom. superfl.
= Helminthia DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 57 (1805), nom. superfl.
= Hieraciastrum Heist. ex Fabr.; Enum. [Fabricius] 68 (1759), nom. superfl.
= Vigineixia Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 12 (1874)
species :
Helminthotheca aculeata (Vahl) Lack; Taxon 24(1): 111 (1975)
subspecies :
subsp. aculeata
Distribution: Italy; Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
13 ITA SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Deckera aculeata (Vahl) Sch.Bip; Flora 17: 479 (1834)
= Helminthia aculeata (Vahl) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 132 (1838)
= Helminthia callosa Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 14 (1874)
= Helminthia montana Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 14 (1874)
= Helminthia mucronata N.Terracc.; Fl. Vult. Syn. 111 (1869)
= Picris aculeata Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 2: 89 (1791)
subspecies :
subsp. maroccana (Sauvage) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 229-238 (2003)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Picris aculeata subsp. maroccana Sauvage; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 22: 202 (1961)
species :
Helminthotheca balansae (Coss. & Durieu) Lack; Taxon 24(1): 111 (1975), et in Diss. Univ. Wien, 116 (Die Gattung Picris L., etc.): 72 (1974 publ. Apr. 1975)
Distribution: ?Morocco; Algeria
20 ALG
Synonyms: hidden
= Helminthia balansae Coss. & Durieu; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 232 (1854), nomen, et in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 3: 744 (1856)
= Picris balansae (Coss. & Durieu) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 545 (1890)
= Vigineixia balansae Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 12 (1874)
species :
Helminthotheca comosa (Boiss.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11(1): 83 (1976)
Distribution: S-Spain; Morocco; Algeria
12 SPA 20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Deckera comosa (Boiss.) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 544 (1889)
= Deckera racemosa Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 13 (1874)
= Deckera rubiginosa Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 270 (1874)
= Helminthia comosa Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov. 62 (1838)
= Helminthia comosa var. spinulosa Pau; Asoc. Esp. Progr. Ci., Congr. Sevilla 6: 150 (1928)
= Helminthia lusitanica var. subinervis Lange; Pl. Andalousie 1888: no. 231 (1888)
= Helminthia racemosa Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 13 (1874)
= Helminthotheca comosa var. racemosa (Pomel) Quézel & Santa
= Helminthotheca comosa var. rubiginosa (Pomel) Quézel & Santa
= Picris comosa (Boiss.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 2: 521 (1894)
= Picris comosa (Boiss.) Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 7: 211 (1924)
= Picris racemosa (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 544 (1890)
species :
Helminthotheca echioides (L) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 176 (1973)
Name: Natternkopf-Wurmlattich, Natternkopf-Bitterkraut (DE); Bristly Oxtongue (EN); Hierba gusanera (ES)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides [I], Orkney Isl. [I], Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Liechtenstein [I]; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; Slovakia; Hungary [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera, Mallorca, Menorca); France; Monaco; Channel Isl. [I]; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania [I]; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread on mainland, rare Kiklades, Samothraki, Limnos); Crete; Estonia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Nile Delta); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Cape Verde Isl. (Sao Vicente Isl.); Ethiopia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Kalimnos, Kos, Karpathos, Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Easter Isl. [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], New Brunswick [I], Ontario [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (Arizona [I], California [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Iowa [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I]); Mexico [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Arica y Parinacota [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I]); Chile [I] (Tarapacá [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Lagos [I])
10 den GRB IRE nor 11 aut bgm ger hun lie lux net pol SLO swi 12 BAL cis COR FRA GIB MCO POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL rom SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR est KRY lit UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY CVI MDR 24 eth 26 zim 27 saf 32 TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR LEB SYR TUR 50 aus 51 ctm nzl 61 eas 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 79 mex 85 arg cle uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Crepis echioides (L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 222 (1785)
= Helminthia dichotoma Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 496 (1867)
= Helminthia echioides (L.) Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 368, t. 159, f. 2 (1791)
= Helminthia echioides proles humifusa (Trévis.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 20 (1908)
= Helminthia echioides subsp. humifusa (Trévis.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 419 (1882)
= Helminthia echioides var. aspera Wallr.; Scholion zu Hampe´s Prodr. Fl. Hercyn.: 295 (1840), nom. inval.
= Helminthia echioides var. mollis Duby; Bot. Gall., pars prima 300 (1828)
= Helminthia humifusa (Willd.) Trevir.; Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 13(1): 195 (1826)
= Helminthia pratensis Chevall.; Fl. Gén. Env. Paris 2: 552 (1828)
= Helminthia rigida Schult. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 398 (1821)
= Helminthia tuberculata Moench; Methodus [Moench] 539 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Lack; Diss. Univ. Wien 116 (Die Gattung Picris L., etc.): 67 (1975) isonym
= Helminthotheca echioides var. incisa P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 4: 532 (108-109) (2006)
= Helminthotheca echioides var. mollis (Duby) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 532 (2006)
= Helminthotheca echioides var. pratensis (Chev.) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 532 (2006)
= Hieracium helminthia E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 14: 88 (1906)
= Picris echioides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 792 (1753)
= Picris echioides var. humifusa (Willd.) Thell.; Mém. Soc. Natl. Sci. Nat. Math. Cherbourg 38: 572 (1912)
= Picris humifusa Willd.; Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 1: 137 (1807)
= Picris ruderalis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 179 (1796)
species :
Helminthotheca glomerata (Pomel) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 229-238 (2003)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria
20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Deckera glomerata Pomel; Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Algérie 11: 13 (1874) (non Picris glomerata K. Koch 1850)
= Picris duriaei Emb. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 1166 (1941)
= Helminthia glomerata Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 13 (1874)
species :
Helminthotheca spinosa (DC.) Talavera & Tremetsberger; AoB Plants 8: plv142, 16 (2016)
Distribution: Portugal; W-Spain
12 POR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Helminthia comosa subsp. lusitanica (Welw. ex Schltdl.) Rivas Mart.; Lagascalia 15(Extra): 117 (1988)
= Helminthia lusitanica Welw. ex Schltdl.; Linnaea 27: 515 (1854)
= Helminthia spinosa DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck] 4: 58 (1805)
= Helminthotheca algarbiensis (Franco) Zidorn; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 34(2): 146 (2006)
= Helminthotheca comosa subsp. lusitanica (Welw. ex Schltdl.) P.Silva & Escud.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 60: 156 (1987)
= Helminthotheca spinifera (Franco) Zidorn; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 34(2): 146 (2006)
= Picris algarbiensis Franco; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 268 (1976)
= Picris comosa subsp. lusitanica (Welw. ex Schltdl.) Talavera; Lagascalia 9(2): 236 (1980)
= Picris spinifera Franco; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 268 (1976)
= Picris spinifera subsp. algarbiensis (Franco) Capelo; Silva Lusitana 16(2): 266 (2008)
= Picris spinosa (DC.) Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 4: 408 (1816)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life