177.0000 Family Poaceae Barnhart; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 7 (1895), nom. cons., nom. alt.

ca. 800 genera, ca. 12.000 spp. worldwide. Systematics following Soreng et al. (2017) and Soreng et al. (2022)

Species listed in database: 12106; hybrids: 385

= Aegilopaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 221 (1820)

= Agrostidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)

= Alopecuraceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 19 (1820)

= Andropogonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 28 (1820)

= Anomochloaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)

= Anthoxanthaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)

= Arundinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 60 (1843)

= Arundinellaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 136 (1940)

= Asperellaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 270 (1827)

= Avenaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 60. 31 (1820)

= Bambusaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)

= Bromaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)

= Cenchraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 9, 268 (1827)

= Chaeturaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 269 (1827)

= Chloridaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)

= Chondrosaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)

= Coleanthaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. [Pfeiffer] 1(2): 818. ante (1873)

= Cynodontaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 51, 269 (1827)

= Cynosuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271, 272 (1827)

= Echinariaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)

= Ehrhartaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)

= Eragrostidaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)

= Festucaceae Spreng.; Fl. Comit. Pest. 1: 28 (1825)

= Glyceriaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)

= Gramineae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 28 (1789), nom. cons.

= Holcaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 252 (1833)

= Hordeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)

= Laguraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)

= Lepturaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 147 (1940)

= Loliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 6, 267 (1827)

= Melicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 390 (1820)

= Miliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 91, 270 (1827)

= Nardaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 413 (1820)

= Olyraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)

= Ophiuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 3, 268 (1827)

= Oryzaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)

= Panicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)

= Pappophoraceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)

= Parianaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)

= Paspalaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 47, 269 (1827)

= Phalaridaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)

= Pharaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 139 (1940)

= Phleaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)

= Saccharaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)

= Sesleriaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 60 (1843)

= Spartinaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 46, 268 (1827)

= Stipaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)

= Streptochaetaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)

= Triticaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 22, 268 (1827)

= Zeaceae A.J.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 651 (1891)

= Zoysiaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 8, 268 (1827)

177.4936 Genus Lolium L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 83 (1753)

Distribution: Temperate Eurasia, N-Africa. Inclusion of Schedonorus fide Kubitzki (vol. 13) and molecular results.

Species listed in database: 31; hybrids: 12

species :

Lolium adzharicum (Tzvelev) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 709 (2017)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus] (Adzharia)

33 GEO

Synonyms: hidden

= Schedonorus adzharicus Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 43: 54 (2012)

species :

Lolium apenninum (De Not.) Ardenghi & Foggi; Taxon 64(5): 1039 (2015)

Name: Apenninen-Schwingel, Gebirgs-Wiesen-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Austria; SE-France; Italy (Appennini); Sicily; Slovenia; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (S-Pindos); European Russia

11 AUT GER SWI 12 FRA 13 BUL GRC ITA ROM SIC SLV 14 RUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca apennina De Not.; Repert. Fl. Ligust. 56 (1844)

= Festuca apennina f. elatior Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 4B(44B): 182 (1905)

= Festuca elatior subsp. apennina (De Not.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30(3): 291 (1933)

= Festuca elatior var. alpina Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 799 (1866)

= Festuca elatior var. apennina (De Not.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 152 (1882)

= Festuca elatior var. macrostachya Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 799 (1866)

= Festuca pratensis f. macrostachya (Schur) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca pratensis subsp. apennina (De Not.) Beldie; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 12: 501 (1972), isonym

= Festuca pratensis subsp. apennina (De Not.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 1: 343 (1908)

= Festuca pratensis var. apennina (De Not.) Hack.; Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 2: 23 (1907)

= Festuca pratensis var. apennina P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 81 (1934)

= Festuca pratensis var. elatior Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 799 (1866)

= Festuca pratensis var. megalostachys Stebler & Volkart; Fl. Schweiz [Schinz], ed. 2, 2: 28 (1905)

= Lolium pratense subsp. apenninum (De Not.) Banfi, Bracchi & Galasso; Mem. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Milano 33(2): 8 (2005)

= Schedonorus apenninus (De Not.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 31: 2, 59 (1998)

= Schedonorus pratensis subsp. apenninus (De Not.) H.Scholz & Valdés; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)

species :

Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.; Novon 3(3): 241 (1993)

subspecies :

subsp. arundinaceum

Name: Rohr-Schwingel (DE); Tall Fescue (EN); Cerillo alto (ES)

Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered mainland, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., Thasos, Samothraki, Limnos, Andrdos, Tinos, Naxos, Paros); S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; NW-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; ?Morocco; ?Algeria; Tunisia [I]; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Faial); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. (Tenerife, Fuerteventura, La Palma); Ethiopia [I]; Kenya [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; South Africa [I]; Siberia (W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Kamchatka [I], Kuril Isl. [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Kalimnos, Kos, Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Asir); China (Xinjiang, Gansu [I], Hebei [I], Hubei [I], Jiangxi [I], Nei Mongol [I], Qinghai [I], Shaanxi [I], Sichuan [I], Yunnan [I], Zhejiang [I]); South Korea [I]; Japan [I] (Honshu [I]); Pakistan (Baluchistan); Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Chatham Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], East Maui [I]); Aleutes [I]; S-Alaska [I]; Canada [I] (Yukon [I], British Columbia [I], Alberta [I], Saskatchewan [I], Manitoba [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I], Newfoundland [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Washington [I], Oregon [I], California [I], Nevada [I], Idaho [I], Montana [I], Wyoming [I], Utah [I], Colorado [I], Arizona [I], New Mexico [I], ?North Dakota [I], ?South Dakota [I], Nebraska [I], Kansas [I], Oklahoma [I], Texas [I], Minnesota [I], Iowa [I], Missouri [I], Arkansas [I], Louisiana [I], Wisconsin [I], Illinois [I], Michigan [I], Indiana [I], Ohio [I], Kentucky [I], Tennessee [I], Mississippi [I], Alabama [I], Georgia [I], Florida [I], South Carolina [I], North Carolina [I], West Virginia [I], Virginia [I], Maryland [I], Delaware [I], New York [I], Pennsylvania [I], New Jersey [I], Vermont [I], New Hampshire [I], Connecticut [I], Massachusetts [I], Rhode Island [I], Maine [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Arica y Parinacota [I], Tarapacá [I], Antofagasta [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Los Lagos [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]; Îles Kerguélen [I]

10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 tun 21 AZO CNY mdr 24 eth 25 ken 26 zim 27 saf 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 35 SAU 36 CHI 38 jap kor 40 BHU IND PAK 50 aus 51 ctm 63 haw 70 ask cdn 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos gua 81 his jam 82 clm 83 bol ecu 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf uru

Synonyms: hidden

= Aira oryzetorum Spreng.; Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 18 (1815)

= Avena secunda Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 22 (1796), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Bromus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 2: 141 (1789)

= Bromus decolorans (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 44 (1830)

= Bromus elatior (L.) Koeler; Descr. Gram. [Koeler] 214 (1802), nom. rej.

= Bromus elatus Gueldenst. ex Griseb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 353 (1852), nom. inval.

= Bromus littoreus Retz.; Fl. Scand. Prodr. 19 (1779)

= Bucetum elatius (L.) Parn.; Grasses Scotland 107 (1842)

= Bucetum elatius var. variegatum Parn.; Grasses Scotland 108 (1842)

= Festuca archeri E.B.Alexeev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 24: 8 (1987)

= Festuca articulata De Not. ex Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 1: 455 (1850), nom. inval.

= Festuca arundinacea f. baltica (Asch. & Graebn.) Beldie; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 12: 502 (1972)

= Festuca arundinacea f. obtusiflora (Schur) Beldie; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 12: 505 (1972)

= Festuca arundinacea f. pseudomairei (Lit. & Maire) Auquier; Bull. Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. 16: 142 (1976)

= Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; Spic. Fl. Lips. 57 (1771), nom. cons.

= Festuca arundinacea subsp. conferta (Hack.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 151(1): 14 (1982)

= Festuca arundinacea subsp. fasciculata (Sond.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 102 (1890)

= Festuca arundinacea subsp. pauciflora (Hartm.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 102 (1890)

= Festuca arundinacea subsp. strictior (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 102 (1890)

= Festuca arundinacea subsp. subalpina (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 102 (1890)

= Festuca arundinacea var. aristata Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 798 (1866)

= Festuca arundinacea var. aspera (Mutel) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 509 (1900)

= Festuca arundinacea var. baltica Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 507 (1900)

= Festuca arundinacea var. decolorans (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Lamotte; Cat. Pl. Plateau Central 99 (1847)

= Festuca arundinacea var. fasciculata Sond.; Fl. Hamburg. [Sonder] 64 (1851)

= Festuca arundinacea var. glaucescens Peterm.; Bot. Excurs. Leipzig 559 (1846)

= Festuca arundinacea var. incrustata Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] t. 319 (1850)

= Festuca arundinacea var. littoralis Masclef; Cat. Rais. Pl. Pas-de-Calais 190 (1886)

= Festuca arundinacea var. multiflora Sond.; Fl. Hamburg. [Sonder] 64 (1851)

= Festuca arundinacea var. obtusiflora Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 798 (1866)

= Festuca arundinacea var. pauciflora Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 2: 31 (1832)

= Festuca arundinacea var. podperae Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca arundinacea var. pseudoelatior Thiélens; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 12: 212 (1873)

= Festuca arundinacea var. pseudololiacea Grantzow; Fl. Uckermark 340 (1880)

= Festuca arundinacea var. rigida Bréb.; Fl. Normandie, éd. 4: 379 (1869)

= Festuca arundinacea var. spuria (Hack.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30(3): 290 (1932)

= Festuca arundinacea var. subalpina (Hack.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 507 (1900)

= Festuca arundinacea var. subaristata Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 798 (1866)

= Festuca caerulescens Ten.; Fl. Napol. 3: 81 (1824), nom. illeg.

= Festuca cretica Hack. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 825 (1882), pro syn.

= Festuca decolorans Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling], ed. 3, 1: 663 (1823), nomen

= Festuca elatior f. pseudomairei Litard. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 2: 43 (1930)

= Festuca elatior L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 75 (1753), nom. utique rej.

= Festuca elatior subsp. arundinacea (Schreb.) Celak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 1(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 1): 51 (1867)

= Festuca elatior subsp. arundinacea (Schreb.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 152 (1882), isonym

= Festuca elatior subvar. conferta Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 157 (1882)

= Festuca elatior subvar. duvalii Litard.; Candollea 10: 142 (1945)

= Festuca elatior subvar. pseudololiacea Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 151 (1882)

= Festuca elatior subvar. tunetana St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 32 (1922)

= Festuca elatior var. angustata Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel], Atl., t. 88, f. 619 (1834)

= Festuca elatior var. arundinacea (Schreb.) Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 46 (1788)

= Festuca elatior var. arundinacea (Schreb.) Wimm.; Fl. Schles. [Wimmer] 3: 59 (1857), isonym

= Festuca elatior var. aspera Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel] 4: 110 (1837)

= Festuca elatior var. elbursiana J.Vetter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 48: 165 (1940)

= Festuca elatior var. insularis J.Vetter; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 54B(2): 685 (1936)

= Festuca elatior var. littorea Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel], Atl., t. 88, f. 621 (1834)

= Festuca elatior var. mutica Chevall.; Fl. Gen. Env. Paris 2: 167 (1827)

= Festuca elatior var. pubescens Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel], Atl., t. 88, f. 618 (1834)

= Festuca elatior var. umbrosa Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel] 4: 110 (1837)

= Festuca littoralis Rosén & Wahlenb.; Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 8: 233 (1821), nom. illeg.

= Festuca littorea (Retz.) Lilj.; Utkast Sv. Fl., ed. 3: 699 (1816)

= Festuca loliacea Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 462 (1788), nom. illeg.

= Festuca media Kit.; Linnaea 32: 314 (1864)

= Festuca membranacea Kit.; Linnaea 32: 313 (1864), nomen

= Festuca membranacea var. albida Kit.; Linnaea 32: 313 (1864), nom. inval.

= Festuca oryzetorum Pollini; Cat. Pl. Hort. Bot. Veron. 3 (1816)

= Festuca phoenix (Scop.) Vill.; Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 17 (1779)

= Festuca poaeoides Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 67 (1803) [nom. illeg., non Thuill. 1799]

= Festuca pratensis var. curvata (Koeler) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 631 (1841)

= Festuca pratensis var. elatior (L.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 293 (1828)

= Festuca pratensis var. humilior Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 293 (1828)

= Festuca pseudololiacea Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 151 (1882), pro syn.

= Festuca pseudosclerophylla Krivot.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 17: 73 (1955)

= Festuca regelii Pavlov; Sovetsk. Bot. 1934(1): 19 (1934), nomen

= Festuca simplex Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 2(4): 138 (1859)

= Festuca tenax Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 87 (1821), pro syn.

= Gnomonia elatior (L.) Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 224 (1915)

= Leucopoa pseudosclerophylla (Krivot.) Bor; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 70: 73 (1970)

= Lolium festuca Raspail; Ann. Sci. Observ. 2: 244 (1829), pro syn.

= Poa curvata Koeler; Descr. Gram. [Koeler] 207 (1802)

= Poa elatior (L.) Moench; Enum. Pl. Hass. 37 (1777), nom. rej.

= Poa elatior var. latifolia Desm.; Ess. Agrostogr. Départ. Nord Fr. 77 (1812)

= Poa kunthii Lindm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 45 (1909), nom. nov. for Poa remota Kunth

= Poa phoenix Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 74 (1771)

= Poa remota Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 163 (1816), nom. illeg.

= Poa tenax Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 87 (1821), nom. illeg.

= Poa uliginosa Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 342 (1824), pro syn.

= Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg. 106 (1824), nom. cons.

= Schedonorus arundinaceus var. asperus (Mutel) Verloove; Dumortiera 122: 175 (2023)

= Schedonorus elatior (L.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 99, 156, 177 (1812), nom. rej.

= Schedonorus littoreus (Retz.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 31: 258 (1998)

= Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub; Preslia 70: 113 (1998)

= Tragus elatior (L.) Panz.; Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 4: 299 (1813 publ. 1814)

= Tragus loliaceus (Lam.) Panz. ex B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 2: 1099 (1895)

subspecies :

subsp. cordubensis (Devesa) comb.ined.

Distribution: Spain (Cordoba: Sa. de Horconera)

12 SPA

Remarks: known only from type

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca arundinacea subsp. cordubensis (Devesa) Devesa & Mart.-Sagarra; Acta Bot. Malac. 44: 91 (2019)

= Festuca cordubensis Devesa; Lagascalia 14(1): 165 (1986)

subspecies :

subsp. orientale (Hack.) G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 124 (2010)

Name: Östlicher Rohr-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern [I], Hessen, Schleswig-Holstein); Slovakia; Hungary; North Macedonia; Greece (Kiklades); Crete; European Russia; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Wakhan, Badghys, Herat, Kabul, Nangarhar, Takhar); China (Xinjiang)

11 GER HUN SLO 13 GRC KRI NMA 14 RUS 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca arundinacea f. orientalis (Hack.) Werner Christ.; Fl. Kiel [J.A.Christiansen et al.] 263 (1922)

= Festuca arundinacea subsp. orientalis (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 102 (1890)

= Festuca arundinacea subsp. orientalis (Hack.) Tzvelev; Sched. Herb. Fl. URSS 17 (1970), isonym

= Festuca arundinacea var. aristata Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7: 596 (1881), nom. illeg.

= Festuca elatior subvar. orientalis Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 154 (1882)

= Festuca orientalis (Hack.) V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 2: 531 (1934), nom. illeg.

= Festuca regeliana Pavlov; Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., Biol. 47: 80, cum descr. ampl. (1938)

= Schedonorus arundinaceus subsp. orientalis (Hack.) H.Scholz & Valdés; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)

= Schedonorus arundinaceus var. aristatus (Regel) Tzvelev; Konspekt Fl. Kavkaza (2006)

subspecies :

subsp. uechtritzianum (Wiesb.) M.Hassl.; Fl. German. [M. Hassler & T. Muer] 1675 (2022)

Name: Uechtritz-Rohr-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: C-Europe; Germany (Bayern [I], Hessen [I], Hessen [I], Sachsen); etc.

11 GER

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca arundinacea proles uechtritziana (Wiesb.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 227 (1913)

= Festuca arundinacea subsp. uechtritziana (Wiesb.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 1: 345 (1908)

= Festuca arundinacea var. uechtritziana (Wiesb.) Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 96 (1890)

= Festuca elatior var. uechtritziana (Wiesb.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 155 (1882)

= Festuca uechtritziana subf. angustifolia Podp.; Spisy Prír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 12: 11 (1922)

= Festuca uechtritziana f. asperior Podp.; Spisy Prír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 12: 11 (1922)

= Festuca uechtritziana f. sublaevis Podp.; Spisy Prír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 12: 11 (1922)

= Festuca uechtritziana var. aristata Podp.; Spisy Prír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 12: 11 (1922)

= Festuca uechtritziana Wiesb.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 28: 218 (1878)

= Schedonorus arundinaceus subsp. uechtritzianus (Wiesb.) H.Scholz & Valdés; Willdenowia 37(2): 442 (2007)

= Schedonorus uechtritzianus (Wiesb.) Holub; Preslia 70(2): 113 (1998)

species :

Lolium atlantigenum (St.-Yves) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 710 (2017)

Distribution: France; Spain; Morocco; ?Algeria; ?Tunisia

12 FRA SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca arundinacea subsp. atlantigena (St.-Yves) Auquier; Bull. Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. 16: 142 (1976)

= Festuca elatior subvar. minutiflora St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 125 (1924)

= Festuca elatior var. atlantigena St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 36 (1922)

= Festuca elatior var. minutiflora (St.-Yves) Litard.; Candollea 10: 141 (1945)

= Festuca fenas subsp. atlantigena (St.-Yves) Cebolla & Rivas Ponce; Candollea 58: 195 (2003)

= Schedonorus arundinaceus subsp. atlantigenus (St.-Yves) H.Scholz; Ber. Inst. Landschafts Pflanzenökol. Univ. Hohenheim Beih. 16: 74 (2003)

species :

Lolium canariense Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 340 (1854)

Name: Kanaren-Lolch (DE); Ballico de Canarias (ES)

Distribution: Madeira (Porto Santo); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Fogo Isl.)

21 CNY CVI MDR

Synonyms: hidden

= Agropyropsis gracilis (Parl.) A.Camus; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 15: 1050 (1935)

= Lolium gracile Parl.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 2(3): 423 (1849), nom. illeg.

species :

Lolium chayuense (L.Liu) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 711 (2017)

Distribution: Tibet

36 TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca chayuensis L.Liu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 387 (2002)

species :

Lolium duratum (B.S.Sun & H.Peng) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 711 (2017)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca durata B.S.Sun & H.Peng; Guihaia 13(3): 223, f. 1 (1993)

species :

Lolium edwardii H.Scholz, Stierst. & Gaisberg; Feddes Repert. 111(7-8): 561 (2000)

Name: El-Hierro-Lolch (DE); Ballico herreno (ES)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (El Hierro, La Gomera, Tenerife)

21 CNY

Remarks: sometimes included in L. canariense

species :

Lolium fontqueri (St.-Yves) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 712 (2017)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca durissima subsp. bellottii Auquier & Kerguélen; Bull. Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. 17: 82 (1979)

= Festuca font-queri St.-Yves; Iter Marocc. [Font Quer], Exsicc. No. 41 (1930), nomen, St.-Yves in Cavanillesia 3: 5 (1930) (1929), descr.

= Festuca font-queri var. lipskii St.-Yves; Cavanillesia 3: 6 (1930)

= Festuca litardiereana Vigo; Acta Bot. Barcinon. 35: 687 (1983), nom. illeg.

= Festuca yvesii Litard.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 14: 337 (1923)

= Festuca yvesii subsp. bellottii (Auquier & Kerguélen) Kerguélen; Lejeunia 120: 102 (1987)

= Schedonorus font-queri (St.-Yves) H.Scholz & Valdés; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)

species :

Lolium formosanum (Honda) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 712 (2017)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca formosana Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 42: 134 (1928)

species :

Lolium giganteum (L.) Darbysh.; Novon 3(3): 241 (1993)

Name: Riesen-Schwingel (DE), Giant fescue (EN)

Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; N-Spain; France; Corsica; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of N-Greece, Thasos); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran); Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman); China (Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan); Pakistan (Chitral, Swat, Hunza); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Darjeeling); Canada [I] (Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (W-Michigan [I], SE-New York [I], Massachusetts [I])

10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN TUR 36 CHI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 72 cdn 75 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Avena flaccida Hack. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 7: 280 (1896)

= Avena gigantea (L.) Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 23 (1796)

= Bromus aquaticus Schrank; Baier. Fl. 1: 367 (1789)

= Bromus bonassorum Bornm.; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 1932-3 74: 188 (1933)

= Bromus giganteus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 77 (1753)

= Bromus giganteus var. depauperatus Bréb.; Fl. Normandie 373 (1835)

= Bromus giganteus var. hispidus Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel] 4: 131 (1837)

= Bromus giganteus var. hispidus Pauquy; Stat. Bot. 458 (1831)

= Bromus giganteus var. pubescens Pauquy; Stat. Bot. 458 (1831)

= Bromus giganteus var. triflorus (L.) Hornem.; Fl. Dan. [Oeder et al.] 18 (1827)

= Bromus giganteus var. triflorus (L.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 457 (1826)

= Bromus giganteus var. villosus Koeler; Descr. Gram. [Koeler] 214 (1802)

= Bromus glaber Reichard; Fl. Moeno-Francof. 1: 19 (1772), nom. illeg.

= Bromus gyganteus Crantz; Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 390 (1766), sphalm.

= Bromus longifolius Lyons; Fasc. Pl. Cantabr. 15 (1763)

= Bromus scheuchzeri C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. [C.C.Gmelin] 4: 79 (1826), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Bromus strigosus Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 191 (1791)

= Bromus triflorus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 115 (1762)

= Bucetum giganteum (L.) Parn.; Grass. Scotland 108 (1842)

= Drymonaetes giganteus (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s., 17: 187 (1869)

= Festuca bonassorum Bornm.; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 73: 188 (1934)

= Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 2: 110 (1787)

= Festuca gigantea f. minor Kuvaev; Fl. Okrestnostei Znamenskogo 48 (1992), contrary to Art. 37.4 ICBN (1994)

= Festuca gigantea f. triflora (L.) Werner Christ.; Fl. Kiel [J.A.Christiansen et al.] 262 (1922)

= Festuca gigantea f. uliginosa (Schur) Beldie; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 12: 509 (1972)

= Festuca gigantea subsp. triflora (L.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 793 (1882)

= Festuca gigantea var. arcana Stepanov; Fl. N.E. W. Sayan 127 (2006)

= Festuca gigantea var. depauperata E.G.Camus; Cat. Pl. France 304 (1887), nom. inval.

= Festuca gigantea var. glaucescens Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 4B(44B): 182 (1905)

= Festuca gigantea var. latifolia Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs. 98 (1838)

= Festuca gigantea var. multiflora Alef.; Landw. Fl. 355 (1866)

= Festuca gigantea var. multiflora Legendre; Cat. Pl. Limousin 2: 379 (1922)

= Festuca gigantea var. nemoralis Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 511 (1900)

= Festuca gigantea var. pseudololiacea Grantzow; Fl. Uckermark 340 (1880)

= Festuca gigantea var. pubescens Grognot; Cat. Pl. Saône-et-Loire, Suppl. 201 (1865)

= Festuca gigantea var. subtriflora Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 798 (1866)

= Festuca gigantea var. triflora (L.) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 355 (1866), isonym

= Festuca gigantea var. triflora (L.) Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3(2): 582 (1856), nom. illeg.

= Festuca gigantea var. triflora (L.) Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 2: 31 (1832), isonym

= Festuca gigantea var. triflora (L.) Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 132 (1829), isonym

= Festuca gigantea var. uliginosa Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 798 (1866)

= Festuca ×haussknechtii f. debilis Torges; Mitt. Geogr. Ges. (Thüringen) Jena 8: 7 (1889)

= Festuca ×haussknechtii f. diffusior Torges; Mitt. Geogr. Ges. (Thüringen) Jena 8: 7 (1889)

= Festuca ×haussknechtii f. strictior Torges; Mitt. Geogr. Ges. (Thüringen) Jena 8: 7 (1889)

= Festuca ×haussknechtii Torges; Mitt. Geogr. Ges. (Thüringen) Jena 7: 6 (1889)

= Festuca pseudogigantea Ovcz. & Shibkova; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 1: 505 (1957)

= Festuca triflora (L.) Sm.; Engl. Bot. [Smith & Sowerby] t. 1918 (1808), nom. illeg.

= Forasaccus giganteus (L.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 4: 383 (1901)

= Lolium giganteum (L.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 750 (1817) [nom. inval., as syn. of Lolium maximum Willd.]

= Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 159 (1827)

= Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Holub; Preslia 70(2): 113 (1998), isonym

= Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Soreng & Terrell; Phytologia 83(2): 86 (1997 publ. 1998), isonym

= Trisetum flaccidum (Hack. ex Hook.f.) R.R.Stewart; Brittonia 5: 431 (1945)

= Zerna gigantea (L.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 116 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Zerna gigantea var. triflora (L.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 116 (1821 publ. 1822)

species :

Lolium gudoschnikovii (Stepanov) Chepinoga; Botanica Pacifica 12(2): 127 (2023)

Distribution: Siberia (Krasnoyarsk)

30 SIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca gudoschnikovii Stepanov; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. 111: 6 (2015)

= Schedonorus gudoschnikovii (Stepanov) Prob.; Zlaki Rossii 262 (2019)

species :

Lolium interruptum (Desf.) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 713 (2017)

subspecies :

subsp. interruptum

Name: Fenas-Rohr-Schwingel (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Spain; Baleares; France (S-France); Italy; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

11 ger 12 BAL FRA SPA 13 ITA 20 ALG MOR TUN

Remarks: often treated as a subspecies (arundinaceum ssp. fenas)

Synonyms: hidden

= Brachypodium interruptum (Desf.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 747 (1817)

= Festuca arundinacea subsp. fenas (Lag.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital., ed. 2 [Arcangeli] 61 (1894)

= Festuca arundinacea subsp. interrupta (Desf.) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 56(9): 1253 (1971)

= Festuca arundinacea var. interrupta (Desf.) Gaut.; Cat. Rais. Fl. Pyr.-Or. 450 (1898)

= Festuca elatior subsp. interrupta Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 366 (1894)

= Festuca elatior var. fenas (Lag.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 156 (1882)

= Festuca fenas Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 4 (1816)

= Festuca fenas var. convolutifolia Husn.; Graminées 4: 65 (1899)

= Festuca interrupta Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 89 (1798)

= Festuca interrupta var. pungens Mandon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Rochelaise 19: 47 (1897 publ. 1898)

= Lolium arundinaceum subsp. fenas (Lag.) Banfi, Bracchi & Galasso; Mem. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Milano 33(2): 8 (2005)

= Poa fenas (Lag.) Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 252 (1854)

= Schedonorus arundinaceus subsp. fenas (Lag.) H.Scholz; Ber. Inst. Landschafts Pflanzenökol. Univ. Hohenheim Beih. (2003)

= Schedonorus arundinaceus subsp. fenas (Lag.) Tzvelev; Konspekt Fl. Kavkaza (2006), isonym

= Schedonorus interruptus (Desf.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 31: 259 (1998)

subspecies :

subsp. corsicum (Hack.) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 713 (2017)

Distribution: Corsica

12 COR

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca arundinacea subsp. corsica (Hack.) Kerguélen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 123: 320 (1976)

= Festuca arundinacea var. corsica (Hack.) Kerguélen; Lejeunia 142: 22 (1993)

= Festuca arundinacea var. insularis Gennari; Sp. Fl. Sarda 26 (1867)

= Festuca elatior subvar. corsica Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 157 (1882)

= Festuca fenas subsp. corsica (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 102 (1890)

= Lolium arundinaceum subsp. corsicum (Hack.) J.-M.Tison; Evaxiana 8: 224 (2021)

= Schedonorus arundinaceus subsp. corsicus (Hack.) Foggi & Signorini; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)

= Schedonorus interruptus subsp. corsicus (Hack.) Foggi; Arch. Geobot. 10(1-2): 98 (2007)

species :

Lolium letourneuxianum (St.-Yves) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 713 (2017)

Distribution: Croatia; European Russia; Morocco; Algeria; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan

13 CRO 14 RUS 20 ALG MOR 33 ARM AZE NCS

Remarks: arundinaceum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca arundinacea subsp. cirtensis (St.-Yves) Gamisans; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Corse 63 (1985)

= Festuca arundinacea var. cirtensis (St.-Yves) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 81 (1934)

= Festuca arundinacea var. letourneuxiana (St.-Yves) Torrec. & Catalán; Syst. Bot. 27: 243 (2002)

= Festuca elatior subvar. pitardii St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 34 (1922)

= Festuca elatior subvar. pseudovulgaris St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 34 (1922)

= Festuca elatior var. cirtensis St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 36 (1922)

= Festuca elatior var. letourneuxiana St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 34 (1922)

= Schedonorus arundinaceus subsp. cirtensis (St.-Yves) H.Scholz & Valdés; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)

species :

Lolium liangshanicum (L.Liu) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 714 (2017)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca liangshanica L.Liu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 387 (2002)

species :

Lolium mairei (St.-Yves) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 714 (2017)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Schedonorus mairei (St.-Yves) Dobignard; Index Syn. Fl. Afrique N. (2010)

= Festuca mairei St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 45 (1922)

species :

Lolium mazzettianum (E.B.Alexeev) Darbysh.; Novon 3: 241 (1993)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca kunmingensis B.S.Sun; Fl. Yunnan. (2003), nom. nov. superfl.

= Festuca mairei Hack. ex Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 1288 (1936), nom. illeg.

= Festuca mazzettiana E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 82(3): 99 (1977), nom. nov.

= Schedonorus mazzettianus (E.B.Alexeev) Holub; Preslia 70(2): 113 (1998)

species :

Lolium mediterraneum (Hack.) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 714 (2017)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Spain; France; Italy; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; ?Egypt; etc.

11 ger 12 FRA SPA 13 ITA 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN

Remarks: arundinaceum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca arundinacea proles mediterranea (Hack.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 226 (1913)

= Festuca arundinacea subsp. mediterranea (Hack.) Franco & Rocha Afonso; Bol. Soc. Brot. 54: 88 1980-(1981 publ. 1980)

= Festuca arundinacea subsp. mediterranea (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 102 (1890)

= Festuca arundinacea var. glaucescens Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 675 (1844)

= Festuca arundinacea var. mediterranea (Hack.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 509 (1900)

= Festuca elatior subvar. mediterranea Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 154 (1882)

= Festuca mediterranea (Hack.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 226 (1913)

= Festuca pauneroi Cebolla, López Rodr. & Rivas Ponce; Candollea 58(1): 195 (2003)

= Lolium arundinaceum subsp. mediterraneum (Hack.) Banfi, Bracchi & Galasso; Mem. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Milano 33(2): 8 (2005)

= Lolium arundinaceum var. mediterraneum (Hack.) Jauzein; Biocosme Mésogéen 27(4): 119 (2010)

= Schedonorus arundinaceus subsp. mediterraneus (Hack.) H.Scholz & Valdés; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)

= Schedonorus pauneroi (Cebolla, López Rodr. & Rivas Ponce) H.Scholz; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)

species :

Lolium multiflorum Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 621 (1779)

Name: Vielblütiger Lolch, Welsches Weidelgras, Italienisches Raygras (DE); Italian Rye-grass (EN); Ballico italiano (ES)

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I], Outer Hebrides [I], Orkney Isl. [I], Shetland Isl. [I], Isles of Scilly [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Finland [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland; Liechtenstein [I]; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia; Hungary [I]; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. [I] (Alderney [I], Guernsey [I], Jersey [I], Sark [I]); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered mainland, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., Kiklades); Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus [I]; European Russia [I]; Ukraine [I]; Crimea [I]; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I], Porto Santo Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Mauritania; N-Chad (Tibesti); Zimbabwe [I]; Mozambique [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); St. Helena [I]; Siberia (W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Magadan [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Ikaria, Dodecanese); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran); Afghanistan (Wakhan, Kabul, Parwan); Cyprus; Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Kuwait; United Arab Emirates; Yemen (W-Yemen); China (widespread [I]); South Korea [I]; Japan [I] (Honshu [I], Shikoku [I], Kyushu [I]); Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I] (Kurram [I], Hazara [I], N.W.Frontier Prov. [I]); Nepal [I]; Bhutan [I]; India [I] (Himachal Pradesh [I], Uttar Pradesh [I]); Sri Lanka [I]; Java; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Auckland Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Alaska [I]; Greenland [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Northern Territories [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], Nevada [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Mexico [I]; Central America [I]; Guatemala [I]; El Salvador [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Bahamas [I]; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Arica y Parinacota [I], Tarapacá [I], Antofagasta [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Magallanes [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]; Îles Kerguélen [I]; Gough Isl. [I]

10 den fin grb ire nor swe 11 aut bgm cze ger hun lie lux net pol SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL cis COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA PTL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 blr est kry lat lit rus ukr 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY mdr 22 MTN 24 CHA 26 moz zim 27 saf 28 sth 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 KUW UAE YEM 36 CHI 38 jap kor nns tai 40 bhu ind nep pak srl 42 JAW 50 aus 51 auc nzl 63 haw 70 ask cdn gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos els gua pan 81 bah cub gdl his jam pue 82 clm 83 bol ecu per 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf uru 91 tdc

Synonyms: hidden

= Lolium ambiguum Desp.; Fl. Sarthe 329 (1838)

= Lolium aristatum (Willd.) Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 5 (1816), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Lolium compositum Thuill.; Fl. Env. Paris, éd. 2: 62 (1799)

= Lolium elongatum Rouville; Monogr. Lolium 35 (1853), pro syn.

= Lolium gaudinii Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 1: 532 (1850), pro syn.

= Lolium italicum A.Braun; Flora 17: 259 (1834), nom. illeg.

= Lolium italicum var. aristatum Alef.; Landw. Fl. 358 (1866)

= Lolium italicum var. brachypodiatum Stebler & Schroet.; Schweizer Gräsersamml. [Stebler & Schroeter] no. 240 (1895)

= Lolium italicum var. compositum Murr; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 12(2-3): 66 (1894)

= Lolium italicum var. cristatum Murr; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 15: 48 (1897), nom. inval.

= Lolium italicum var. muticum Döll; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 2(3): 237 (1880)

= Lolium italicum var. muticum Harz; Landw. Samenk. 2: 1343 (1885)

= Lolium italicum var. ramosum Parn.; Grasses Britain 302 (1845)

= Lolium lesdainii Sennen; Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Barcelona, Ser. 3, 20(14): 10 (1928), nomen

= Lolium multiflorum f. compositum Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 1: 379 (1908)

= Lolium multiflorum f. microstachyum R.Uechtr.; Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 57: 334 (1879 publ. 1880)

= Lolium multiflorum f. muticum (DC.) Werner Christ.; Fl. Kiel [J.A.Christiansen et al.] 269 (1922)

= Lolium multiflorum f. submuticum (Mutel) Anghel & Beldie; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 12: 575 (1972)

= Lolium multiflorum subsp. gaudinii (Asch. & Graebn.) Schinz & R.Keller; Fl. Schweiz [Schinz], ed. 2, 1: 65 (1905)

= Lolium multiflorum subsp. italicum (A.Braun) Schinz & R.Keller; Fl. Schweiz [Schinz], ed. 2, 1: 65 (1905)

= Lolium multiflorum subsp. ramosum (Guss.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 799 (1882)

= Lolium multiflorum var. aristatum (Willd.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 354 (1828)

= Lolium multiflorum var. aristatum Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 3: 290 (1955)

= Lolium multiflorum var. aristatum Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 3 (Clav. Enum. Gen.): II (1833), nom. inval.

= Lolium multiflorum var. brachypodiatum (Stebler & Schroet.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 758 (1902)

= Lolium multiflorum var. complanatum Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel] 4: 139 (1837)

= Lolium multiflorum var. compositum (Thuill.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 492 (1821)

= Lolium multiflorum var. excelsum Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 430 (1846)

= Lolium multiflorum var. gaudinii Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 758 (1901)

= Lolium multiflorum var. italicum (Husn.) Beck; Wiss. Mitt. Bosnien & Herzegovina 9: 459 (1904), nom. inval.

= Lolium multiflorum var. laeviculme Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 99 (1942)

= Lolium multiflorum var. latifolium Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 99 (1942)

= Lolium multiflorum var. longiaristatum Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 758 (1902)

= Lolium multiflorum var. longiaristatum Merino; Contr. Fl. Galicia, Suppl. 1: 13 (1898)

= Lolium multiflorum var. muticum Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel] 4: 139 (1837)

= Lolium multiflorum var. muticum Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 3 (Clav. Enum. Gen.): II (1833), nom. inval.

= Lolium multiflorum var. ramosum (Guss.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 799 (1882)

= Lolium multiflorum var. scabrum de Lesd.; Publ. Soc. Dunkerque 1935: 4: 90 (1934)

= Lolium multiflorum var. siculum (Parl.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 4: 945 (1941)

= Lolium multiflorum var. submuticum Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel] 4: 139 (1837)

= Lolium osiridis Fig. & Delile ex Rouville; Monogr. Lolium 47 (1853), pro syn.

= Lolium perenne subsp. italicum Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 371 (1894)

= Lolium perenne subsp. italicum Husn.; Graminées 4: 85 (1899), nom. illeg.

= Lolium perenne subsp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husn.; Graminées 4: 85 (1899), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Lolium perenne var. aristatum Vitman; Summa Pl. 1: 230 (1789)

= Lolium perenne var. aristatum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 462 (1797), nomen

= Lolium perenne var. compositum (Thuill.) Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 48 (1812), nom. illeg.

= Lolium perenne var. italicum (A.Braun) Parn.; Grasses Scotland 1(1): 142, pl. 65 (1842)

= Lolium perenne var. multiflorum (Lam.) Homann; Fl. Pommern [Homann] 68 (1828)

= Lolium perenne var. multiflorum (Lam.) Parn.; Grasses Britain 307 (1845), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Lolium perenne var. multiflorum Bastard; Essai Fl. Maine-et-Loire 47 (1809)

= Lolium scabrum J.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 267 (1830)

= Lolium siculum Parl.; Fl. Palerm. 1: 252 (1845)

= Lolium temulentum Bertero ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 65 (1841), pro syn.

= Lolium temulentum var. multiflorum (Lam.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 779 (1891)

= Lolium temulentum var. ramosum Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 152 (1827)

= Lolium westerwoldicum (Mansh.) Breakw.; Grass. Fodder Pl. N. S. W. 171 (1923), pro syn.

species :

Lolium perenne L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 83 (1753)

Name: Ausdauernder Lolch, Deutsches Weidelgras, Englisches Raygras (DE); Perennial Rye-grass (EN); Cesped ingles (ES)

Distribution: Iceland [I]; Faeroe Isl. [I]; England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly, St. Kilda Isl.); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares ; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. most islands); Crete; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I], Porto Santo Isl. [I]); Islas Selvagens; Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro); Mauritania; Zimbabwe [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Lesotho [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Chagos Arch. [I] (Diego Garcia [I]); Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Amur [I], Khabarovsk [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan [I]; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Herat, Parwan); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia, Asir); Bahrain; United Arab Emirates; Yemen (W-Yemen); China (widespread [I]); South Korea [I]; Japan [I] (Honshu [I], Shikoku [I], Kyushu [I]); Taiwan [I]; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, Swat, Hazara, Murree, Mirpur); Nepal; Bhutan [I]; N-India (Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh); Sri Lanka [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Java [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Auckland Isl. [I]; Easter Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Haleakala Natl. Park [I], Ka´ono´ulu [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Alaska [I]; Greenland [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Northern Territories [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], Nevada [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Honduras [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Bahamas [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I], Magallanes [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]; Campbell Isl. [I]; Îles Kerguélen [I]; Falkland Isl. [I]; Tristan da Cunha [I]

10 DEN fin for GRB ice IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL PTL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR est KRY lat lit RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY mdr SEL 22 MTN 26 zim 27 les saf 29 cgs mau reu 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK uzb 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 BAR SAU UAE YEM 36 CHI 38 jap kor tai 40 bhu IND NEP PAK srl 42 jaw mly 50 aus nfk 51 auc ctm nzl 61 eas 63 haw 70 ask cdn gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos gua hon pan 81 bah his pue 82 clm 83 bol ecu per 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf uru 91 cmp fal tdc

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca perennis (L.) Columbus & J.P.Sm.; Aliso 28: 66 (2010)

= Hordeum compressum Boiss. & Orph.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 681 (1884), pro syn.

= Lolium aechicum Rouville; Monogr. Lolium 35 (1853) orth. var.

= Lolium agreste Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 748 (1817), pro syn.

= Lolium annuum Bernh.; Index Sem. (Erfurt) 1801: ? (1801), nom. illeg.

= Lolium brasilianum Nees; Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 443 (1829)

= Lolium canadense Bernh. ex Rouville; Monogr. Lolium 27 (1853), pro syn.

= Lolium cechicum Opiz; Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. [Berchtold et al.] 1: 379 (1836)

= Lolium compressum Boiss. & Orph. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 845 (1859), pro syn.

= Lolium cristatum Pers. ex B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 2: 108 (1894), pro syn.

= Lolium felix Rouville; Monogr. Lolium 25 (1853), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Lolium glumosum Planellas; Ensayo Fl. Gallega 409 (1852)

= Lolium gmelinii Honck.; Verz. Gew. Teutschl. 328 (1782)

= Lolium halleri C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. [C.C.Gmelin] 1: 271 (1805)

= Lolium jechelianum Opiz; Lotos 2: 229 (1852)

= Lolium latum Roth ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 492 (1821), pro syn.

= Lolium marschallii Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 30(3): 103 (1857)

= Lolium montevidense Rouville; Monogr. Lolium 33 (1853), pro syn.

= Lolium perenne f. compositum (Thuill.) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; Fl. Centralkarpath. [Sagorski & Gus.Schneider] 561 (1891)

= Lolium perenne f. microstachyum R.Uechtr.; Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 57: 334 (1879 publ. 1880)

= Lolium perenne f. orgiale (Döll) Werner Christ.; Fl. Kiel [J.A.Christiansen et al.] 268 (1922)

= Lolium perenne f. polyanthum (Beck) Neuman; Sver. Fl. 730 (1901)

= Lolium perenne f. tenue (L.) Neuman; Sver. Fl. 730 (1901), isonym

= Lolium perenne f. tenue (L.) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; Fl. Centralkarpath. [Sagorski & Gus.Schneider] 561 (1891)

= Lolium perenne subsp. compositum (Schrad.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 799 (1882)

= Lolium perenne subsp. cristatum (Pers.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 120 (1890)

= Lolium perenne subsp. furcatum (Billot ex Godr.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 120 (1890)

= Lolium perenne subsp. ramosum Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg 50 (1834)

= Lolium perenne subsp. stoloniferum (C.Lawson) Wipff; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4(2): 683 (2010)

= Lolium perenne subsp. tenue (L.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 120 (1890)

= Lolium perenne subsp. tenue (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg 50 (1834)

= Lolium perenne subsp. tenue Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg. 98 (1824), nom. illeg.

= Lolium perenne subsp. trabutii (Hochr.) Dobignard; J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 46-47: 113 (2009)

= Lolium perenne var. angustifolium Parn.; Grasses Scotland 1(1): 142 (1842)

= Lolium perenne var. aristatum Bab.; Man. Brit. Bot. [Babington] 377 (1843)

= Lolium perenne var. aristatum Coss. & Germ.; Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris, éd. 2: 656 (1861), nom. illeg.

= Lolium perenne var. aristulatum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 812 (1866)

= Lolium perenne var. auriculatum Hack.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 27: 124 (1877)

= Lolium perenne var. brasilianum (Nees) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 355 (1898)

= Lolium perenne var. commune Alef.; Landw. Fl. 357 (1866)

= Lolium perenne var. compositum Schrad.; Fl. Germ. [Schrader] 397 (1806), nom. illeg.

= Lolium perenne var. compressum Sibth.; Fl. Oxon. 50 (1794)

= Lolium perenne var. condensatum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 812 (1866)

= Lolium perenne var. confertum Spenn.; Fl. Friburg. 1: 157 (1825)

= Lolium perenne var. cristatum Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 110 (1805)

= Lolium perenne var. furcatum Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3(2): 612 (1856)

= Lolium perenne var. geniculatum Hallier; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin), App. 1: 8 (1863)

= Lolium perenne var. humile Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 352 (1828)

= Lolium perenne var. latum H.Mart.; Prodr. Fl. Mosq., Ed. Alt. 24 (1817)

= Lolium perenne var. longiglume Grantzow; Fl. Uckermark 351 (1860)

= Lolium perenne var. monstrosum G.Sinclair; Hort. Gram. Woburn., ed. 2: 211 (1825)

= Lolium perenne var. multiflorum J.J.Schmitz & Regel; Fl. Bonn. 53 (1841)

= Lolium perenne var. orgiale Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 1: 116 (1855)

= Lolium perenne var. pacyanum Plues; Brit. Grass. 215 (1867)

= Lolium perenne var. pacyi Sturtev.; Rep. (Annual) New York Agric. Exp. Sta., Geneva (1882)(1): 77 (1883) [nomen]

= Lolium perenne var. paleaceum Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 1: 116 (1855)

= Lolium perenne var. paniculatum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 93 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Lolium perenne var. pauciflorum Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 754 (1902)

= Lolium perenne var. polyanthum Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 112 (1890)

= Lolium perenne var. purpurascens Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 93 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Lolium perenne var. ramosum G.Sinclair; Hort. Gram. Woburn., ed. 2: 211 (1825), nom. illeg.

= Lolium perenne var. ramosum Schumach.; Enum. Pl. Saelland. 1: 36 (1801)

= Lolium perenne var. ramosum Sm.; Fl. Brit. 1: 143 (1800)

= Lolium perenne var. russellianum Sinclair; Hort. Gram. Woburn., ed. 2: ? (1824)

= Lolium perenne var. scabriculme Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 98 (1942)

= Lolium perenne var. secundum Tinant; Fl. Luxemb. 41 (1836)

= Lolium perenne var. sphaerostachuym Mast.; J. Bot. 1: 8 (1863)

= Lolium perenne var. spicatum Schumach.; Enum. Pl. Saelland. 1: 36 (1801)

= Lolium perenne var. spurium Kirschl.; Fl. Alsace 2: 361 (1857)

= Lolium perenne var. stickneiensis G.Sinclair; Hort. Gram. Woburn., ed. 2: 211 (1825)

= Lolium perenne var. stoloniferum C.Lawson; Agric. Man. 104 (1836)

= Lolium perenne var. tenue (L.) Huds.; Fl. Angl. [Hudson], ed. 2: 55 (1778)

= Lolium perenne var. tenue (L.) Schrad.; Fl. Germ. [Schrader] 397 (1806)

= Lolium perenne var. triflorum Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 566 (1879)

= Lolium perenne var. viviparum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 93 (1821), nom. illeg.

= Lolium perenne var. viviparum Schrad.; Fl. Germ. [Schrader] 398 (1806), nom. inval.

= Lolium perenne var. vulgare Schrad.; Fl. Germ. [Schrader] 397 (1806), nom. inval.

= Lolium perenne var. whitworthiense G.Sinclair; Hort. Gram. Woburn., ed. 2: 211 (1825)

= Lolium pseudoitalicum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 812 (1866), pro syn.

= Lolium repens Honck.; Verz. Gew. Teutschl. 328 (1782)

= Lolium rigidum var. compressum (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 680 (1884)

= Lolium rosetlanum Fig. & Delile ex Rouville; Monogr. Lolium 31 (1853), pro syn.

= Lolium strictum var. compressum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 2(4): 144 (1859)

= Lolium tenue L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 122 (1762)

= Lolium trabutii Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 7-8: 123 (1904)

= Lolium vulgare Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 1: t. 25 (1801), nom. illeg. superfl.

species :

Lolium persicum Boiss. & Hohen. ex Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 13: 66 (1854)

Name: Persian ryegrass (EN); Persischer Lolch (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Belarus [I]; European Russia [I]; Soqotra; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamian lowlands); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran, N-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Badghys, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Farah, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Samangan, Takhar); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (N-Israel); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, Asir); Kuwait; United Arab Emirates; Yemen (W-Yemen); China (Gansu, Hebei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Xinjiang); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta, Kurram, Peshawar, Gilgit); Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (Colorado [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], North Dakota [I], New York [I], Wyoming [I])

11 ger 14 blr rus 24 SOC 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR LEB SYR TUR 35 KUW SAU UAE YEM 36 CHI 40 PAK 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Lolium dorei B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 94: 525 (1967)

= Lolium dorei var. laeve B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 94: 526 (1967)

= Lolium temulentum var. gracile Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7: 593 (1881)

species :

Lolium pluriflorum (Schult.) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 714 (2017)

Distribution: Crete; Sicily

13 KRI SIC

Remarks: doubtfully distinct from L. arundinaceum

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca elatior var. sicula Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 1: 455 (1850)

= Festuca multiflora C.Presl; Cyper. Gram. Sicul. 21 (1818), nom. illeg.

= Festuca pluriflora Schult.; Mant. 2 [Schultes]: 402 (1824)

= Festuca pratensis subsp. pluriflora (Schult.) Cif. & Giacom.; Nomenclator Fl. Ital. 1: 40 (1950)

= Festuca pratensis var. multiflora Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 13-14: 55 (1899)

= Schedonorus pluriflorus (Schult.) Bergmeier & H.Scholz; Willdenowia 41: 174 (2011)

= Schedonorus pratensis subsp. pluriflorus (Schult.) H.Scholz; Ber. Inst. Landschafts Pflanzenökol. Univ. Hohenheim Beih. (2003)

species :

Lolium pratense (Huds.) Darbysh.; Novon 3(3): 242 (1993)

Name: Wiesen-Schwingel (DE), Meadow Fescue (EN)

Distribution: Iceland; Faeroe Isl.; England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl.); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; N-Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl. (Guernsey, Jersey); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (scattered mountains of mainland, Thasos); Crete; S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Algeria [I]; Azores (Faial); Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East [I] (Kamchatka [I], Khabarovsk [I], Kuril Isl. [I], Magadan [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Kabul, Wardak, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); China (Guizhou, Jiangsu, Jilin, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan); South Korea [I]; Japan [I] (Hokkaido [I], Honshu [I], Shikoku [I], Kyushu [I]); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Tasmania [I]); Alaska [I]; Greenland [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Labrador [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], Nevada [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Argentina [I]

10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS COR FRA SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 alg 21 AZO 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN IRQ LEB TUR 36 CHI 38 jap kor 40 PAK 50 aus 70 ask cdn gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 85 arg

Synonyms: hidden

= Bromus pratensis (Huds.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 359 (1824), nom. illeg.

= Bucetum pratense (Huds.) Parn.; Grasses Scotland 105 (1842)

= Festuca adscendens Retz.; Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 30: 245 (1769)

= Festuca americana (Pers.) F.Dietr.; Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 3: 332 (1817)

= Festuca arctica Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 799 (1866), nom. inval.

= Festuca australis Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 798 (1866), nom. illeg.

= Festuca curvata P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 162 (1812), pro syn.

= Festuca elatior f. parviflora Kuntze; Taschen-Fl. Leipzig [Kuntze] 39 (1867)

= Festuca elatior subsp. pratensis (Huds.) Celak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 1(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 1): 51 (1867)

= Festuca elatior subsp. pratensis (Huds.) Hack.; Bot. Centralbl. 8: 407 (1881), et Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 150 (1882)

= Festuca elatior subsp. pseudololiacea (Fr.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 101 (1890)

= Festuca elatior var. fasciculata Sond.; Fl. Hamburg. [Sonder] 64 (1851)

= Festuca elatior var. floribunda Peterm.; Bot. Excurs. Leipzig 558 (1846)

= Festuca elatior var. mucronata Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 799 (1866)

= Festuca elatior var. multiflora Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 152 (1882)

= Festuca elatior var. parviflora Kuntze; Taschen-Fl. Leipzig [Kuntze] 39 (1867)

= Festuca elatior var. podolica Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 4B(44B): 181 (1905)

= Festuca elatior var. pratensis (Huds.) A.Gray; Manual [A.Gray] ed. 5: 634 (1867), isonym

= Festuca elatior var. pratensis (Huds.) Gillet & Magne; Nouv. Fl. Franç. 467 (1862)

= Festuca elatior var. pseudololiacea (Fr.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 854 (1864)

= Festuca elatior var. racemosa Peterm.; Bot. Excurs. Leipzig 558 (1846)

= Festuca elatior var. radicans (Dumort.) Koltz; Fl. Luxembourg [Krombach] 195 (1873)

= Festuca elatior var. subaristata Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 4B(44B): 181 (1905)

= Festuca fluitans var. pratensis (Huds.) Huds.; Fl. Angl. [Hudson], ed. 2: 47 (1778)

= Festuca glabra Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 353 (1824), nom. illeg.

= Festuca poaeoides var. americana Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 94 (1805) [nom. nov.]

= Festuca poioides Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 67 (1803), nom. illeg.

= Festuca poioides var. americana Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 94 (1805)

= Festuca pratensis f. aristata Holmb.; Bot. Not. 1926: 184 (1926)

= Festuca pratensis f. fasciculata (Sond.) Werner Christ.; Fl. Kiel [J.A.Christiansen et al.] 263 (1922)

= Festuca pratensis f. mucronata (Schur) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca pratensis f. parvillora (Kuntze) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Festuca pratensis Huds.; Fl. Angl. [Hudson] 37 (1762)

= Festuca pratensis subsp. racemosa Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg 82 (1834)

= Festuca pratensis var. fasciculata Sond.; Fl. Hamburg. [Sonder] 64 (1851)

= Festuca pratensis var. hocquettei de Lesd.; Publ. Soc. Dunkerque 1934: 67 (1934)

= Festuca pratensis var. intermedia Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel] 4: 118 (1837)

= Festuca pratensis var. loliacea Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 565 (1879), nom. illeg.

= Festuca pratensis var. pinnata Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 101 (1830), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Festuca pratensis var. simplex (Boiss.) B.Fedtsch.; Izv. Imp. Bot. Sada Petra Velikago, Suppl. 2: 85 (1915)

= Festuca pratensis var. subspicata (G.Mey.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 503 (1900)

= Festuca pratensis var. subtilis Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 48: 152 (1925)

= Festuca pubescens Prodan; Bul. Sti. Acad. Republ. Populare Române, Sect. Biol. Sti. Agric. Ser. Bot. 9: 289 (1957), nom. illeg.

= Festuca radicans (Dumort.) Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 309 (1854)

= Poa curvata P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 99, 174 (1812), nomen

= Poa elatior var. pratensis (Huds.) Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 39 (1812)

= Poa intermedia Koeler; Descr. Gram. [Koeler] 303 (1802), nom. illeg.

= Schedonorus americanus (Pers.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 706 (1817)

= Schedonorus curvatus P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 99 (1812), nomen

= Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 99, 163, 177 (1812)

= Schedonorus radicans Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg. 106 (1824)

= Tragus pratensis (Huds.) Panz.; Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 4: 299 (1813 publ. 1814)

species :

Lolium remotum Schrank; Baier. Fl. 1: 382 (1789)

Name: Lein-Lolch (DE); Jollocizana de lino (ES)

Distribution: +Netherlands [I]; +Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany (+Brandenburg, +Berlin, +Baden-Württemberg, +Bayern, +Hessen, +Hamburg, +Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, +Niedersachsen, +Nordrhein-Westfalen, +Rheinland-Pfalz, +Schleswig-Holstein, +Saarland, +Sachsen, +Sachsen-Anhalt, +Thüringen); +Switzerland; +Austria; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Spain [I]; +France; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus; European Russia; Algeria [I]; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Pico); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, Hierro, La Palma); Siberia [I] (Irkutsk [I], Krasnoyarsk [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Khabarovsk [I], Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan [I]; China [I] (Heilongjiang [I], Xinjiang [I]); Pakistan (Pakistani Punjab); NW-India; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (Newfoundland [I], Ontario [I]); Argentina [I]

11 AUT bgm GER hun lux net slo SWI 12 FRA spa 13 cro slv 14 BLR est lat lit RUS 20 alg 21 AZO CNY 30 sib 31 rfe 32 KAZ uzb 36 chi 40 IND PAK 50 aus 51 nzl 72 cdn 85 arg

Remarks: temulentum agg. Worldwide extinct (formerly in flax cultures) but survives in cultivation (botanical gardens)

Synonyms: hidden

= Lolium arvense Schrad.; Fl. Germ. [Schrader] 399 (1806) non With.

= Lolium arvense var. complanatum (Schrad.) Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel] 4: 141 (1837)

= Lolium complanatum Schrad.; Neues J. Bot. 4(1): 73 (1810)

= Lolium linicola Sond. ex W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 1: 957 (1843), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Lolium linicola subsp. pseudolinicola (Gennari) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 121 (1890)

= Lolium linicola var. aristatum Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 1: 113 (1855)

= Lolium linicola var. complanatum (Schrad.) K.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 1: 957 (1843)

= Lolium linicola var. complanatum (Schrad.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 2: 957 (1844)

= Lolium remotum subf. complanatum (Schrad.) Werner Christ.; Fl. Kiel [J.A.Christiansen et al.] 268 (1922)

= Lolium remotum f. aristatum (Döll) Werner Christ.; Fl. Kiel [J.A.Christiansen et al.] 268 (1922)

= Lolium remotum f. asperum (Roth) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 876 (1864)

= Lolium remotum f. laeve Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 876 (1864)

= Lolium remotum subvar. asperum (Roth) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 1: 378 (1908)

= Lolium remotum subvar. laeve Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 876 (1864)

= Lolium remotum var. aristatum (Döll) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 876 (1864)

= Lolium remotum var. complanatum (Schrad.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 876 (1864)

= Lolium remotum var. oliganthum Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 113 (1890)

= Lolium remotum var. rodriguezii Merino; Contr. Fl. Galicia, Suppl. 4: 11 (1904)

= Lolium remotum var. submuticum Celak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 4(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 4): 728 (1881)

= Lolium sonderi Rouville; Monogr. Lolium 47 (1853)

= Lolium temulentum f. arvense (With.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 876 (1864)

= Lolium temulentum f. asperum (Asch.) Neuman; Sver. Fl. 730 (1901)

= Lolium temulentum f. laeve (Asch.) Neuman; Sver. Fl. 730 (1901)

= Lolium temulentum subsp. linicola Berher; Fl. Vosges [Louis], éd. 2: 254 (1887)

= Lolium temulentum subsp. remotum (Schrank) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 10: 273 (1975)

= Lolium temulentum var. arvense (With.) Bab.; Man. Brit. Bot. [Babington] 377 (1843)

= Lolium temulentum var. linicola Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 7: 667 (1878)

= Lolium temulentum var. linicola Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 566 (1879)

= Lolium temulentum var. remotum (Schrank) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 103 (1896)

species :

Lolium rigidum Gaudin; Agrost. Helv. 1: 334 (1811)

Name: Steifer Lolch (DE); Rigid Ryegrass (EN); Ballico rigido (ES)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; Czech Republic; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares (Mallorca, Ibiza, Menorca [I]); France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. most islands); Crete; Belarus; European Russia; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Faial); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl., Ilhas Desertas); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Namibia [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); St. Helena [I]; Russian Far East [I] (Khabarovsk [I], Primorye [I]); Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Wakhan, Badghys, Bamyan, Farah, Helmand, Kabul); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, SE-Cyprus, SW-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Cyprus (E-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (C-Israel, coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia); Kuwait; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Yemen (W-Yemen); China (Gansu, Henan); Pakistan (Quetta, Chitral); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir); Sri Lanka [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Canada [I] (Manitoba [I]); USA [I] (Arizona [I], California [I], Louisiana [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], Oregon [I], Texas [I]); Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Magallanes [I])

11 CZE ger SWI 12 ADO BAL COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PEL SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR KRY RUS 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR 27 nam saf 28 sth 31 rfe 32 TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 KUW QAT SAU UAE YEM 36 CHI 40 IND PAK srl 50 aus lhi nfk 51 ctm nzl 71 cdn 73 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 85 arg cle

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca aleppica Hochst. ex Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 302 (1854)

= Lolium arenarium Rouville; Monogr. Lolium 38 (1853)

= Lolium arundinaceum subsp. corsicum (Hack.) J.-M.Tison; Evaxiana 8: 224 (2021)

= Lolium arvense var. rigidum (Gaudin) Laterr.; Fl. Bordelaise, éd. 4: 447 (1846)

= Lolium crassiculme Rech.f.; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 105: 175 (1943)

= Lolium cylindricum K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 434 (1848)

= Lolium durum K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 434 (1848)

= Lolium flagellare Spruner ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 680 (1884), pro syn.

= Lolium humile Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 309 (1913)

= Lolium husnotii Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 408 (1927), nomen

= Lolium italicum var. muticum (DC.) Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 1: 531 (1850)

= Lolium lowei Menezes; Gramin. Arch. Madeira, 47 (1906)

= Lolium macilentum Delastre; Fl. Vienne 498 (1842)

= Lolium multiflorum var. muticum DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 286 (1815)

= Lolium multiflorum var. rigidum (Gaudin) Trab.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Monocot. 238 (1895)

= Lolium parabolicae Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68: 408 (1922), nomen, ex Samp., Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 1: 125 (1921)

= Lolium perenne subsp. rigidum (Gaudin) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 10: 273 (1975)

= Lolium perenne var. rigidum (Gaudin) Coss. & Durieu; Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 194 (1855)

= Lolium phoenice Rouville; Monogr. Lolium 36 (1853)

= Lolium rigidum subsp. maroccanum Sennen & Mauricio; Diagn. Nouv. 1928-1935: 245 (1936)

= Lolium rigidum subsp. negevense Feinbrun; Fl. Palaestina [Zohary & Feinbrun-Dothan] 4: 397, 232 (1986)

= Lolium rigidum subsp. parabolicae (Sennen ex Samp.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Man. Països Catalans 4: 362 (2001), nom. inval.

= Lolium rigidum var. aristatum Hack.; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 13: 530 (1906)

= Lolium rigidum var. asperum Grognot; Cat. Pl. Saône-et-Loire, Suppl. 202 (1859)

= Lolium rigidum var. atherophorum Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 99 (1942)

= Lolium rigidum var. corsicum Hack.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 180 (1910)

= Lolium rigidum var. duthiei Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 7: 364 (1896)

= Lolium rigidum var. glabrum Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim], ed. 2, 1: 319 (1939)

= Lolium rigidum var. longiglume Melderis; Ark. Bot., a. s. 2: 299 (1952)

= Lolium rigidum var. maritimum (Godr.) Hack.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 179 (1910)

= Lolium rigidum var. oliganthum (Godr.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 3: 245 (1955)

= Lolium rigidum var. perenne Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim], ed. 2, 1: 319 (1939)

= Lolium rigidum var. rottboellioides Heldr. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 680 (1884)

= Lolium rigidum var. strictum (C.Presl) Cufod.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique, Suppl. 1212 (1968)

= Lolium rigidum var. subacaulis Vis.; Fl. Dalmat., Suppl. 22 (1872)

= Lolium rigidum var. subteres Maire & Weiller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 208 (1941)

= Lolium rigidum var. tenue (Godr.) T.Durand & Schinz; Consp. Fl. Afr. [Durand & Schinz] 5: 933 (1894)

= Lolium rigidum var. teres (H.Lindb.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 866 (1934)

= Lolium rigidum var. transiens Burollet; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 16: 126 (1937)

= Lolium scholzii Greuter; Bocconea 25: 111 (2012)

= Lolium strictum proles humile Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 309 (1913)

= Lolium strictum C.Presl; Cyper. Gram. Sicul. 49 (1820)

= Lolium strictum Decker ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 65 (1841), pro syn.

= Lolium strictum subsp. humile (Rouy) Rouy; Consp. Fl. France 295 (1927)

= Lolium strictum var. giganteum Loscos & J.Pardo; Ser. Inconf. Pl. Aragon. 116 (1863)

= Lolium strictum var. humile (Rouy) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 93 (1934)

= Lolium strictum var. maritimum Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 613 (1856)

= Lolium strictum var. tenue Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 613 (1856)

= Lolium suffultum Sieber ex Huter; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 58: 33 (1908), nomen

= Lolium temulentum subsp. oliganthum (Godr.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 121 (1890)

= Lolium temulentum var. oliganthum Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 615 (1856)

= Lolium teres H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2): 19 (1932)

= Monerma stricta (J.Presl) J.Presl ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 156 (1841), pro syn.

variant :

var. lepturoides Fiori & Paoli; Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 104 (1896)

Distribution: widespread in area of nominate variety

Error

Synonyms: hidden

= Lolium lepturoides Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 13: 67 (1854), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Lolium multiflorum var. lepturoides (Boiss.) Trab.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Monocot. 239 (1895)

= Lolium rigidum subsp. lepturoides (Boiss.) Sennen & Mauricio; Cat. Fl. Rif Orient. 135 (1933)

species :

Lolium saxatile H.Scholz & S.Scholz; Willdenowia 35(2): 281 (2005)

Name: Felsen-Lolch (DE); Ballico de risco (ES)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Lanzarote)

21 CNY

species :

Lolium scabriflorum Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 715 (2017)

Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca scabriflora L.Liu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 387 (2003), nom. illeg.

species :

Lolium subulatum Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 1: 90 (1842)

Distribution: Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Croatia; Albania; Greece (very rare C-Greece, Epirus, SE-Peloponnisos); Crete (very rare, incl. Gavdos Isl.); Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Nile Delta); Madeira [I] (Porto Santo Isl. [I]); Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Samos, Kos, Kasos, Karpathos, Rhodos); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Cyprus (N-Cyprus, C-Mountains); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Bolivia [I]

13 ALB CRO GRC KRI PEL SIC 14 KRY 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR 21 mdr 33 AZE GEO 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 50 aus lhi 83 bol

Synonyms: hidden

= Arthrochortus loliaceus Lowe; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 8: 301 (1856)

= Crypturus loliaceus (Bory & Chaub) Link; Linnaea 17: 387 (1844)

= Lolium loliaceum (Bory & Chaub.) Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 28: 32 (1914)

= Lolium rigidum var. loliaceum (Bory & Chaub.) Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 3: 446 (1904)

= Lolium rigidum var. subulatum (Vis.) Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 13-14: 71 (1899)

= Lolium subulatum f. aristatum H.Lindb.; Öfvers. Finska Vetensk.-Soc. Förh. 48(13): 12 (1906)

= Lolium temulentum var. subulatum (Vis.) Husn.; Graminées 4: 86 (1899)

= Rottboellia loliacea Bory & Chaub.; Expéd. Sci. Morée, Bot. 46, t. 3, f. 2 (1832)

species :

Lolium temulentum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 83 (1753)

Name: Taumel-Lolch (DE); Darnel (EN); Cizana comun (ES)

Distribution: +England (+England, +Wales, +Isle of Man, +Scotland); +Ireland (+Ireland, +Northern Ireland); Luxembourg; Germany (+Brandenburg, +Berlin, Baden-Württemberg [I], +Bayern, +Hessen, +Hamburg, +Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, +Niedersachsen, +Nordrhein-Westfalen, +Rheinland-Pfalz, +Schleswig-Holstein, +Saarland, +Sachsen, +Sachsen-Anhalt, +Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Baleares (Mallorca, Menorca [I]); France; Channel Isl. (+Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. most islands); Crete; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus; European Russia; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Graciosa, Pico, Faial); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Islas Selvagens; Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, Hierro); Soqotra; Zimbabwe [I]; Mozambique [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Lesotho [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, Tuva); Russian Far East [I] (Kuril Isl. [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Balkh, Ghorat, Kandahar, Qunduz, Takhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel, coastal W-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Kuwait; United Arab Emirates; Yemen (W-Yemen, SW-Yemen); China [I]; South Korea [I]; Japan [I] (Honshu [I], Shikoku [I], Kyushu [I]); Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, Kurram, N.W.Frontier Prov., Chitral, Pakistani Punjab, Hazara, Murree, Azad Kashmir, Mirpur); Nepal [I]; Bhutan [I]; India (Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand); Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Java [I]; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I]); Alaska [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Panama [I]; Cuba [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I]); South Georgia Isl. [I]

10 GRB IRE 11 AUT GER HUN LUX SLO SWI 12 BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PEL ROM SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR est lat lit RUS 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR SEL 24 SOC 26 moz zim 27 les saf 29 mau reu 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 KUW SAU UAE YEM 36 chi 38 jap kor 40 ban bhu IND nep PAK srl 42 jaw 50 aus 51 nzl 63 haw 70 ask cdn 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 gua pan 81 cub 82 clm 83 bol ecu per 84 bra 85 arg cle uru 91 sge

Remarks: temulentum agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Bromus temulentus Bernh.; Syst. Verz. Pfl. Erfurt [Bernhardi] 47 (1800)

= Craepalia temulenta (L.) Schrank; Baier. Fl. 1: 382 (1789)

= Festuca temulenta (L.) J.P.Sm. & Columbus; Aliso 29(1): 51 (2011)

= Lolium aegyptiacum Bellardi ex Rouville; Monogr. Lolium 43 (1853), pro syn.

= Lolium album Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 493 (1821), pro syn.

= Lolium annuum Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 620 (1779)

= Lolium arvense var. geniculatum Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg. 98 (1824)

= Lolium arvense var. hostii Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg. 98 (1824)

= Lolium arvense var. liniforme Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg. 98 (1824)

= Lolium arvense var. major Hagenb.; Fl. Basil., App. 986 (1834)

= Lolium arvense var. majus Fr.; Novit. Fl. Svec. 110 (1824)

= Lolium arvense var. minor Desm.; Cat. Pl. Omises Botanogr. Belg. 39 (1823)

= Lolium arvense var. minus Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 354 (1828)

= Lolium arvense var. muticum Pauquy; Stat. Bot. 487 (1831)

= Lolium arvense var. speciosum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 354 (1828)

= Lolium arvense With.; Arr. Brit. Pl., ed. 3, 2: 168 (1796)

= Lolium asperum Roth ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 436 (1833), pro syn.

= Lolium berteronianum Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 340 (1854)

= Lolium cuneatum Nevski; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 2: 547 (1934)

= Lolium decipiens Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg. 98 (1824)

= Lolium giganteum Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 750 (1817), pro syn.

= Lolium gracile (Dumort.) Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg. 99 (1824)

= Lolium gracile Hegetschw.; Fl. Schweiz [Hegetschweiler] 105 (1839), nom. illeg.

= Lolium gussonei Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 844 (1882), pro syn.

= Lolium infelix Rouville; Monogr. Lolium 38 (1853)

= Lolium longiglume St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 955 (1889)

= Lolium lucidum Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg. 98 (1824)

= Lolium maximum Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 1: 60 (1843), nom. illeg.

= Lolium maximum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 462 (1797)

= Lolium pseudolinicola Gennari; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2: 97 (1870)

= Lolium remotum f. asperum Anghel & Beldie; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 12: 572 (1972)

= Lolium remotum subvar. asperum Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 876 (1864)

= Lolium robustum Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 1: 2 (1834)

= Lolium speciosum Steven ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 80 (1808)

= Lolium speciosum var. scabrum W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 828 (1838)

= Lolium temulentum f. arvense (With.) Junge; Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 30(Beih. 3): 314 (1913)

= Lolium temulentum f. arvense (With.) Werner Christ.; Fl. Kiel [J.A.Christiansen et al.] 268 (1922), isonym

= Lolium temulentum f. leptochaeton (A.Braun) Wirtg.; Fl. Preuss. Rheinprov. 536 (1857)

= Lolium temulentum f. leve Pamp.; Boll. Mus. Republ. San Marino 1: 141 (1917)

= Lolium temulentum f. macrochaeton (A.Braun) Junge; Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 30(Beih. 3): 314 (1913), isonym

= Lolium temulentum f. macrochaeton (A.Braun) Wirtg.; Fl. Preuss. Rheinprov. 535 (1857)

= Lolium temulentum f. muticum Rech.f.; Fl. Aegaea 787 (1943), nom. illeg.

= Lolium temulentum f. robustum (Rchb.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 876 (1864)

= Lolium temulentum f. robustum (Rchb.) Neuman; Sver. Fl. 730 (1901), isonym

= Lolium temulentum f. speciosum (Steven ex.M.Bieb.) Neuman; Sver. Fl. 730 (1901)

= Lolium temulentum f. subaristatum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 4B(44B): 195 (1905)

= Lolium temulentum subsp. arvense (With.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 75 (1971)

= Lolium temulentum subsp. cuneatum (Nevski) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 75 (1971)

= Lolium temulentum subsp. gracile Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg. 99 (1824)

= Lolium temulentum subsp. gussonei (Parl.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 799 (1882)

= Lolium temulentum subsp. gussonei (Parl.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 121 (1890), isonym

= Lolium temulentum subsp. gussonei Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 844 (1882)

= Lolium temulentum subsp. oliganthum (Gren. & Godr.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 121 (1890)

= Lolium temulentum subsp. robustum (Rchb.) Berher; Fl. Vosges [Louis], éd. 2: 254 (1887)

= Lolium temulentum subsp. speciosum (M.Bieb.) Gremli; Excursionsfl. Schweiz, ed. 2: 435 (1874)

= Lolium temulentum subsp. speciosum (Steven ex M.Bieb.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 799 (1882)

= Lolium temulentum subvar. robustum (Rchb.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 751 (1901)

= Lolium temulentum subvar. robustum (Rchb.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 1: 376 (1908), isonym

= Lolium temulentum subvar. speciosum (M.Bieb.) Suess.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi, Begr.], ed. 2, 1: 482 (1936)

= Lolium temulentum subvar. speciosum (Steven ex M.Bieb.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 751 (1901)

= Lolium temulentum var. agricolum Neuman; Sver. Fl. 730 (1901)

= Lolium temulentum var. album (Huds.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 877 (1864)

= Lolium temulentum var. aristatum Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 161 (1812)

= Lolium temulentum var. arvense (With.) Lilj.; Utkast Sv. Fl., ed. 3: 80 (1816)

= Lolium temulentum var. arvense (With.) Moritzi; Pfl. Schweiz [Moritzi] 59 (1832), isonym

= Lolium temulentum var. brevisetum Bouvier; Fl. Alpes 769 (1878)

= Lolium temulentum var. decipiens (Dumort.) T.Durand; Cat. Fl. Liègeoise 74 (1878)

= Lolium temulentum var. dissitum Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel] 4: 142 (1837)

= Lolium temulentum var. gussonei Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 1: 535 (1850)

= Lolium temulentum var. laeve Peterm.; Bot. Excurs. Leipzig 573 (1846), nom. illeg.

= Lolium temulentum var. laeve W.D.J.Koch; Taschenb. Deut. Schweiz. Fl. 596 (1843)

= Lolium temulentum var. laevigatum Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel], Atl., t. 91, f. 643 (1834)

= Lolium temulentum var. leptochaeton A.Braun; Flora 17: 241 (1834)

= Lolium temulentum var. longisetum Bouvier; Fl. Alpes 769 (1878)

= Lolium temulentum var. macrochaeton A.Braun; Flora 17: 252 (1834)

= Lolium temulentum var. maximum (Willd.) Steud. & Hochst.; Enum. Pl. Phan. Germ. 17 (1826)

= Lolium temulentum var. minus Moritzi; Pfl. Schweiz [Moritzi] 59 (1832)

= Lolium temulentum var. multiflorum Moritzi; Pfl. Schweiz [Moritzi] 59 (1832)

= Lolium temulentum var. muticum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 681 (1884), nom. illeg.

= Lolium temulentum var. muticum Retz.; Fl. Scand. Prodr., ed. 2: 28 (1795)

= Lolium temulentum var. muticum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 4B(44B): 195 (1905), nom. illeg.

= Lolium temulentum var. oliganthum Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3(2): 615 (1856)

= Lolium temulentum var. rigidum Moritzi; Pfl. Schweiz [Moritzi] 59 (1832)

= Lolium temulentum var. robustissimum Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel], Atl., t. 91, f. 642 (1834)

= Lolium temulentum var. robustum (Rchb.) Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel], Atl., t. 91, f. 641 (1834)

= Lolium temulentum var. robustum (Rchb.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 2: 957 (1844), isonym

= Lolium temulentum var. scabrum Babey; Fl. Jurass. [Babey] 4: 347 (1846), nom. illeg.

= Lolium temulentum var. semiglabrum Litv.; Spisok Rast. Gerb. Russk. Fl. Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 5: 135 (1905)

= Lolium temulentum var. speciosum (M.Bieb.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 2: 957 (1844)

= Lolium temulentum var. speciosum (Steven ex M.Bieb.) Griseb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 345 (1852)

= Lolium temulentum var. speciosum (Steven) Griseb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 345 (1852)

= Lolium temulentum var. speciosum Guépin; Fl. Maine-et-Loire, éd. 3, Suppl. (1850)

= Lolium temulentum var. subbivalve St.-Amans; Fl. Agen. [St.-Amans] 50 (1821)

= Lolium temulentum var. submuticum G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 614 (1836)

= Lolium temulentum var. submuticum Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 162 (1812)

= Lolium temulentum var. submuticum W.D.J.Koch; Taschenb. Deut. Schweiz. Fl. 596 (1843)

= Lolium triticoides Janka; Linnaea 30: 1859 (1860) 622

species :

Lolium tuberosum (Romero Zarco & Cabezudo) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 715 (2017)

Distribution: SW-Spain (Huelva); Morocco

12 SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Micropyropsis tuberosa Romero Zarco & Cabezudo; Lagascalia 11(1): 95 (1983)

species :

Lolium tzvelevianum (Lazkov) Sennikov; Checkl. Vasc. Pl. Tian-Shan 83 (2021)

Distribution: Kyrgyzstan

32 KGZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca tzveleviana Lazkov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 36: 28 (2004)

species :

Lolium ×aschersonianum (Dörfl.) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 710 (2017)

Distribution: Sweden; Germany (Bayern, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Schleswig-Holstein); European Russia

10 SWE 11 GER 14 RUS

Remarks: Lolium arundinaceum x L. pratense

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ×aschersoniana Dörfl.; Exsicc. (Herb. Norm.) 1911: no. 5380 (1911)

= Schedonorus ×aschersonianus (Dörfl.) Holub; Preslia 70(2): 113 (1998)

species :

Lolium ×boucheanum Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 3: t. 220 (1834)

Name: Oldenburgisches Weidelgras (DE), Hybrid Rye-grass (EN)

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I], Isles of Scilly [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Sweden [I]; Denmark [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [I] (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Austria [I]; Switzerland [I]; Czech Republic [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I] (Alderney [I], Sark [I]); Romania [I]; European Turkey [I]; Bhutan [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], Tasmania [I])

10 den grb ire swe 11 aut bgm cze ger net swi 12 cis fra 13 rom tue 40 bhu 50 aus

Remarks: Lolium multiflorum Lam. x Lolium perenne L.

Synonyms: hidden

= Lolium italicum var. boucheanum (Kunth) Lamotte; Cat. Pl. Plateau Central 100 (1847)

= Lolium multiflorum var. ambiguum Le Gall; Fl. Morbihan 752 (1852)

= Lolium multiflorum var. boucheanum (Kunth) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 845 (1882)

= Lolium multiflorum var. decompositum Bréb.; Fl. Normandie (1835)

= Lolium multiflorum var. diminutum Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel] 4: 139 (1837)

= Lolium multiflorum var. subaristatum Pauquy; Stat. Bot. 488 (1831)

= Lolium perenne subsp. boucheanum (Kunth) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 307 (1913)

= Lolium perenne var. aristatum Schrad.; Linnaea 12: 463 (1838), nom. illeg.

= Lolium perenne var. italicum N.H.F.Desp.; Fl. Sarthe 330 (1838)

= Lolium perenne var. multiflorum Peterm.; Bot. Excurs. Leipzig 572 (1846), nom. illeg.

= Lolium perenne var. submuticum Plues; Brit. Grass. 216 (1867)

= Lolium ×hybridum Hausskn.; Mitt. Geogr. Ges. (Thüringen) Jena 5: 32 (1887)

species :

Lolium ×braunii (K.Richt.) Cires & Fern.Prieto; Naturalia Cantabricae 8(Especial): 73 (2020)

Distribution: England (England, Scotland); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Sachsen); Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Spain; France; Italy; China (Hubei)

10 GRB IRE SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER NET POL 12 FRA SPA 13 ITA 36 CHI

Remarks: Lolium pratense x Lolium multiflorum

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ×loliacea var. aristata Braun ex Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 1: 164 (1855)

= Festuca ×braunii K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 103 (1890)

= Festuca ×rigoi Huter; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 58: 31 (1908)

= Festuca ×subnutans Holmb.; Bot. Not. 1930: 94 (1930)

= Lolium ×grandispicum Y.J.Fei; Guihaia 19: 205 (1999)

= Lolium ×subnutans (Holmb.) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 715 (2017)

= xFestulolium braunii (K.Richt.) A.Camus; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 33: 538 (1927)

= xSchedolium braunii (K.Richt.) Stace; Watsonia 27: 247 (2009)

= xSchedololium braunii (K.Richt.) Soreng & Terrell; Phytologia 83: 87 (1998)

species :

Lolium ×brinkmannii (A.Braun) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 710 (2017)

Distribution: Europe; Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern); Turkey (NE-Anatolia); etc.

11 GER 34 TUR

Remarks: Lolium giganteum x L. perenne

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca gigantea var. brinkmannii (A.Braun) Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 565 (1879)

= Festuca ×brinkmannii A.Braun; Index Sem. (Berlin) 1861(App.): 11 (1861)

= xFestulolium brinkmannii (A.Braun) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 769 (1902)

= xSchedolium brinkmannii (A.Braun) Holub; Preslia 70(2): 112 (21 July 1998)

= xSchedololium brinkmannii (A.Braun) Soreng & Terrell; Phytologia 83(2): 87 (1997 publ. 27 July 1998)

species :

Lolium ×czarnohorense (Zapal.) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 711 (2017)

Distribution: Poland; Ukraine (Galicia)

11 POL 14 UKR

Remarks: Lolium appeninum x L. giganteum

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ×czarnohorensis Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Galic. Crit. 3: 230 (1911)

= Schedonorus ×schlickumii subsp. czarnohorensis (Zapal.) B.Bock; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 43: 220 (2012)

species :

Lolium ×elongatum (Ehrh.) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 711 (2017)

Name: Persischer Lolch (DE); Persian Ryegrass, Hybrid Fescue (EN)

Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, S-Scotland, Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Hungary; Spain; France; Channel Isl. (Guernsey, Sark); Italy; ?Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos); Iran (EC-Iran, SW-Iran); Afghanistan (Kabul, Kandahar); Japan [I] (Honshu [I]); USA [I] (New York [I], South Carolina [I])

10 DEN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN NET POL SWI 12 CIS FRA SPA 13 ITA KOS ROM 34 AFG EAI IRN 38 jap 75 usa 78 usa

Remarks: Lolium perenne x L. pratense

Synonyms: hidden

= Brachypodium ×loliaceum (Huds.) Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 42 (1827), nom. illeg.

= Bucetum ×loliaceum (Huds.) Parn.; Grasses Scotland 104 (1842)

= Festuca fluitans var. loliacea (Huds.) Huds.; Fl. Angl. [Hudson], ed. 2: 47 (1778)

= Festuca pratensis var. loliacea (Huds.) Hook.f.; Student´s Fl. Brit. Isl. 448 (1870), isonym

= Festuca pratensis var. loliacea (Huds.) St.-Amans; Fl. Agen. [St.-Amans] 42 (1821), isonym

= Festuca pratensis var. loliacea (Huds.) With.; Bot. Arr. Brit. Pl., ed. 2, 1: 103 (1787)

= Festuca ×ascendens Retz.; Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1769: 245 (1769)

= Festuca ×elongata Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. [Ehrhart] 6: 83 (1784)

= Festuca ×fluitans Leers ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 405 (1833), pro syn.

= Festuca ×loliacea Huds.; Fl. Angl. [Hudson] 38 (1762)

= Festuca ×loliacea var. minor Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel], Atl., t. 88, f. 624 (1834)

= Festuca ×loliacea var. paniculata Sond.; Fl. Hamburg. [Sonder] 65 (1851)

= Glyceria fluitans var. loliacea (Huds.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 850 (1864)

= Glyceria ×loliacea (Huds.) Godr.; Fl. Lorraine 3: 168 (1844)

= Lolium perenne var. festuciforme Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 1: 101 (1827)

= Lolium ×festucaceum Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 81 (1829), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Lolium ×festucoides Raspail; Ann. Sci. Observ. 2: 243 (1829), pro syn.

= Poa ×loliacea (Huds.) Koeler; Descr. Gram. [Koeler] 207 (1802), nom. illeg.

= Schedonorus ×loliaceus (Huds.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 99 (1812)

= Schedonorus ×loliaceus var. compositus Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 114 (1821 publ. 1822)

= xFestucololium ×retzii Guétrot; Pl. Hybr. France [Guétrot] 2: 32 (1927), nom. illeg.

= xFestulolium ×loliaceum (Huds.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 81 (1935)

= xFestulolium ×ascendens (Retz.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 768 (1902)

= xSchedolium ×loliaceum (Huds.) Holub; Preslia 70: 112 (1998)

= xSchedololium ×loliaceum (Huds.) Soreng & Terrell; Phytologia 83(2): 87 (1997 publ. 27 July 1998)

species :

Lolium ×fleischeri (Rohlena) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 711 (2017)

Distribution: England; Denmark; Sweden; Netherlands; Germany (Bayern, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern); Austria; Czech Republic

10 DEN GRB SWE 11 AUT CZE GER NET

Remarks: Lolium arundinaceum x L. giganteum

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ×fleischeri f. moyana Erdner; Ber. Naturwiss. Vereins Schwaben Neuburg 1911: 559 (1911)

= Festuca ×fleischeri Rohlena; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 8: 85 (1902)

= Festuca ×gigas f. subarundinacea Holmb.; Herb. Norm. Sched. Cent. [Dörfler] 107 (1911)

= Festuca ×gigas Holmb.; Exsicc. (Herb. Norm.) 1911: no. 5377 (1911)

= Festuca ×moyana (Erdner) Erdner; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 379 (1916)

= Schedonorus ×fleischeri (Rohlena) Holub; Preslia 70(2): 113 (1998)

species :

Lolium ×holmbergii (Dörfl.) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 713 (2017)

Distribution: England; Ireland; Sweden; Germany (Saarland); Czech Republic; Spain; Turkey (SE-Anatolia); New Zealand [I]

10 GRB IRE SWE 11 CZE GER 12 SPA 34 TUR 51 nzl

Remarks: Lolium arundinaceum x L. perenne

Synonyms: hidden

= Festuca ×holmbergii Dörfl.; Bot. Centralbl. 52: 651 (1911)

= xFestulolium holmbergii (Dörfl.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 81 (1935)

= xSchedolium holmbergii (Dörfl.) Holub; Preslia 70(2): 112 (21 July 1998)

= xSchedololium holmbergii (Dörfl.) Soreng & Terrell; Phytologia 83(2): 87 (1997 publ. 1998)

species :

Lolium ×hubbardii J.T.Jansen & Wacht. ex B.K.Simon; Austrobaileya 2(1): 21 (1984)

Distribution: England; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Queensland [I])

10 GRB 50 aus

Remarks: Lolium multiflorum x Lolium rigidum

species :

Lolium ×krasanii (H.Scholz) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 713 (2017)

Distribution: Germany; Switzerland; etc.

11 GER SWI

Remarks: Lolium arundinaceum x L. multiflorum

Synonyms: hidden

= xSchedolium ×krasanii H.Scholz; Kochia 2: 51 (2007)

= xFestulolium ×krasanii V.Jirásek; (1950), nom. inval.

species :

Lolium ×portalii D.Allen; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 50: 154 (2019)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Remarks: Lolium arundinaceum x L. interruptum

species :

Lolium ×schlickumii (Grantzow) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 715 (2017)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Bayern, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Schleswig-Holstein); Poland; European Russia

11 GER POL 14 RUS

Remarks: Lolium giganteum x L. pratense

Synonyms: hidden

= Schedonorus ×schlickumii (Grantzow) Holub; Preslia 70(2): 113 (1998)

= Festuca ×schlickumii Grantzow; Fl. Uckermark 340 (1880)

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
**in total 1,416,144* names**

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Contact

How to Cite:

Realization

Search

+ Family

Filter

Order

Family (15)

Genus (849)

Display options

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
**in total 1,416,144* names**

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]