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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

174.0000 Family Poaceae Barnhart; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 7 (1895), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 800 genera, ca. 12.000 spp. worldwide. Systematics following Soreng et al. (2017) and Soreng et al. (2022)
Species listed in database: 12074; hybrids: 386
= Aegilopaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 221 (1820)
= Agrostidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Alopecuraceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 19 (1820)
= Andropogonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 28 (1820)
= Anomochloaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Anthoxanthaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Arundinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 60 (1843)
= Arundinellaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 136 (1940)
= Asperellaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 106, 270 (1827)
= Avenaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 60. 31 (1820)
= Bambusaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Bromaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Cenchraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 9, 268 (1827)
= Chaeturaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 106, 269 (1827)
= Chloridaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Chondrosaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 269 (1827)
= Coleanthaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. 1(2): 818. ante (1873)
= Cynodontaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 51, 269 (1827)
= Cynosuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271, 272 (1827)
= Echinariaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Ehrhartaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Eragrostidaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Festucaceae Spreng.; J. Sadler, Fl. Comit. Pest. 1: 28 (1825)
= Glyceriaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Gramineae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 28 (1789), nom. cons.
= Holcaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 252 (1833)
= Hordeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Laguraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 250 (1833)
= Lepturaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 147 (1940)
= Loliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 6, 267 (1827)
= Melicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 390 (1820)
= Miliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 91, 270 (1827)
= Nardaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 413 (1820)
= Olyraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Ophiuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 3, 268 (1827)
= Oryzaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Panicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Pappophoraceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Parianaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Paspalaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 47, 269 (1827)
= Phalaridaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 250 (1833)
= Pharaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 139 (1940)
= Phleaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 269 (1827)
= Saccharaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Sesleriaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 60 (1843)
= Spartinaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 46, 268 (1827)
= Stipaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Streptochaetaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Triticaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 22, 268 (1827)
= Zeaceae A.J.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 651 (1891)
= Zoysiaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 8, 268 (1827)
174.4971 Genus Milium L.; Sp. Pl. 1: 61 (1753)
Distribution: Temperate Northern Hemisphere
Species listed in database: 6
= Miliarium Moench; Methodus: 204 (1794), nom. illeg. superfl.
species :
Milium atropatanum Maroofi; Iranian J. Bot. 17(1): 11 (fig. 1) (2011)
Distribution: NW-Iran
34 IRN
species :
Milium effusum L.; Sp. Pl. 61 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. effusum
Name: Wald-Flattergras (DE)
Distribution: Iceland; England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Afghanistan; Cyprus (C-Mountains); China (Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; Pakistan (Swat, Hazara, Astor); Bhutan; India ( (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh))
10 DEN FIN GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP TUR 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 BHU IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Agrostis effusa (L.) Lam.; Encycl. 1: 59 (1783)
= Alopecurus effusus Link ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. 1: 328 (1833), pro syn.
= Decandolia effusa (L.) Bastard; Essai Fl. Maine et Loire 28 (1808)
= Melica effusa (L.) Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 20 (1796)
= Miliarium effusum (L.) Moench; Methodus 204 (1794)
= Milium adscendens Roxb.; Hort. Bengal.: 8 (1814), nom. nud.
= Milium confertum L.; Sp. Pl.: 61 (1753)
= Milium dubium Jacquem. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 7: 235 (1896), pro syn.
= Milium effusum f. confertum (Mill.) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; 529 (1891)
= Milium effusum f. lerchenfeldianum (Schur) Morariu; Fl. Republ. Social. Roman. 12: 185 (1972)
= Milium effusum f. violaceum Holler ex Neuman; Sver. Fl.: 776 (1901)
= Milium effusum subsp. confertum (L.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 34 (1890)
= Milium effusum var. coloratum Blytt; Norsk Fl. 2: 157 (1847)
= Milium effusum var. coloratum Roshev.; Fl. Zabaical. 1: 57 (1929), nom. illeg.
= Milium effusum var. confertum Clairv.; Man. Herbor. Suisse: 13 (1811)
= Milium effusum var. elatius Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 175 (1828)
= Milium effusum var. elatius W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 786 (1837)
= Milium effusum var. latifrons Podp.; Kvetena Moravy 6: 405 (1926)
= Milium effusum var. subacaule J.T.Jansen & Wacht.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 49: f. 4 (1939)
= Milium effusum var. subacaule Jansen & Wacht.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch., ser. 3, 44: 234 (1934), nom. nud.
= Milium effusum var. variegatum Ducommun; Taschenb. Schweiz. Bot.: 855 (1869)
= Milium effusum var. violaceum Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 1: 208 (1907)
= Milium nepalense Nees; J. F. Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts.: 417 (1840), nom. nud.
= Milium transsilvanicum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 741 (1866)
= Milium transsilvanicum var. lerchenfeldianum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 741 (1866)
= Milium willdenowii Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. 3: 292 (1909)
= Paspalum effusum (L.) Raspail; Ann. Sci. Nat (Paris) 5: 301 (1825)
variant :
var. cisatlanticum Fernald; Rhodora 52: 218 (1950)
Name: American milletgrass
Distribution: Canada (Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, ?Labrador, Newfoundland, Isle Anticosti, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Isl., Nova Scotia); USA (Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, NE-Iowa, Illinois, N-Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, E-Tennessee, West Virginia, Virginia, N-New Jersey, Connecticut, New York, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine)
71 CDN 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Milium effusum subsp. cisatlanticum (Fernald) A.Haines; Stantec Bot. Notes 13: 4 (2010)
subspecies :
subsp. alpicola Chrtek; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 132: 166 (1963)
Name: Alpen-Flattergras (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; France; Italy; etc.
11 AUT GER LIE SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Milium alpicola (Chrtek) Landolt; Fl. Indicativa 269 (2010)
= Milium effusum var. alpicola (Chrtek) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 123 (1971 publ. 1972)
species :
Milium pedicellare (Bornm.) Roshev. ex Melderis; Rech.f., Ark. Bot. ser. 2, 2: 291 (1952)
Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran); Cyprus (N-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
34 CYP IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Milium vernale var. pedicellare Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centrabl. 31 2: 267 (1914)
species :
Milium schmidtianum K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 438 (1848)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (NE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Milium caucasicum Sommier & Levier; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 4: 209 (1897)
= Milium effusum subsp. schmidtianum (K.Koch) Tzvelev; Zlaki SSSR: 294 (1976)
= Milium effusum var. schmidtianum (K.Koch) Griseb.; Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 4: 445 (1852)
species :
Milium transcaucasicum Tzvelev; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 20: 23 (1960)
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan)
33 ARM AZE
species :
Milium vernale M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucasus 1: 53 (1808)
Name: Frühlings-Flattergras (DE), Spring milletgrass (EN)
Distribution: Netherlands; Belgium; Portugal; Spain; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece; Crete; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Libya; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (N-Cyprus, C-Mountains); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); USA [I] (Idaho [I])
11 BGM NET 12 COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SIC SRB TUE 14 KRY UKR 20 ALG LBY MOR 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 73 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Agrostis vernalis (M.Bieb.) Poir.; Encycl. 1: 259 (1810)
= Milium alexeenkoi (Tzvelev) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 78(10): 89 (1993)
= Milium intermedium (Prob.) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 78(10): 89 (1993)
= Milium montianum Parl.; Fl. Ital. 1: 156 (1850)
= Milium scabrum Rich.; G.-A. Merlet de la Boulaye, Herboris. Maine et Loire: 131 (1809), nom. nud.
= Milium vernale proles scabrum (K.Richt.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 91 (1913)
= Milium vernale subsp. alexeenkoi (Tzvelev) Prob.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 14: 7 (1977)
= Milium vernale subsp. intermedium Prob.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 14: 9 (1977)
= Milium vernale subsp. montianum (Parl.) Jahand. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 1: 36 (1931)
= Milium vernale subsp. scabrum K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 34 (1890)
= Milium vernale subsp. tzvelevii Prob.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 14: 10 (1977)
= Milium vernale var. alexeenkoi Tzvelev; Zlaki SSSR: 296 (1976)
= Milium vernale var. montianum (Parl.) Coss. & Durieu; Durieu, Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 72 (1855)
= Milium vernale var. scabrum (K.Richt.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal: 70 (1913)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life