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177.0000 Family Poaceae Barnhart; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 7 (1895), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 800 genera, ca. 12.000 spp. worldwide. Systematics following Soreng et al. (2017) and Soreng et al. (2022)
Species listed in database: 12132; hybrids: 385
= Aegilopaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 221 (1820)
= Agrostidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Alopecuraceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 19 (1820)
= Andropogonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 28 (1820)
= Anomochloaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Anthoxanthaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Arundinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 60 (1843)
= Arundinellaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 136 (1940)
= Asperellaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 270 (1827)
= Avenaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 60. 31 (1820)
= Bambusaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Bromaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Cenchraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 9, 268 (1827)
= Chaeturaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 269 (1827)
= Chloridaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Chondrosaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)
= Coleanthaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. [Pfeiffer] 1(2): 818. ante (1873)
= Cynodontaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 51, 269 (1827)
= Cynosuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271, 272 (1827)
= Echinariaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Ehrhartaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Eragrostidaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Festucaceae Spreng.; Fl. Comit. Pest. 1: 28 (1825)
= Glyceriaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Gramineae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 28 (1789), nom. cons.
= Holcaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 252 (1833)
= Hordeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Laguraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)
= Lepturaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 147 (1940)
= Loliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 6, 267 (1827)
= Melicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 390 (1820)
= Miliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 91, 270 (1827)
= Nardaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 413 (1820)
= Olyraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Ophiuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 3, 268 (1827)
= Oryzaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Panicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Pappophoraceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Parianaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Paspalaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 47, 269 (1827)
= Phalaridaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)
= Pharaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 139 (1940)
= Phleaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)
= Saccharaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Sesleriaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 60 (1843)
= Spartinaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 46, 268 (1827)
= Stipaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Streptochaetaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Triticaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 22, 268 (1827)
= Zeaceae A.J.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 651 (1891)
= Zoysiaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 8, 268 (1827)
177.5041 Genus Milium L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 61 (1753)
Distribution: Temperate Northern Hemisphere
Species listed in database: 6
= Miliarium Moench; Methodus [Moench] 204 (1794), nom. illeg. superfl.
species :
Milium atropatanum Maroofi; Iran. J. Bot. 17(1): 11 (fig. 1) (2011)
Distribution: NW-Iran
34 IRN
species :
Milium effusum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 61 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. effusum
Name: Wald-Flattergras (DE), Wood Millet (EN)
Distribution: Iceland; England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of N-Greece, south to Mt. Ossa); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Afghanistan; Cyprus (C-Mountains); China (Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; Pakistan (Swat, Hazara, Astor); Bhutan; India ((Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh))
10 DEN FIN GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP TUR 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 BHU IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Agrostis effusa (L.) Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 59 (1783)
= Alopecurus effusus Link ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 328 (1833), pro syn.
= Decandolia effusa (L.) Bastard; Essai Fl. Maine-et-Loire 28 (1808)
= Melica effusa (L.) Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 20 (1796)
= Miliarium effusum (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 204 (1794)
= Milium adscendens Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 8 (1814), nomen
= Milium confertum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 61 (1753)
= Milium dubium Jacquem. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 7: 235 (1896), pro syn.
= Milium effusum f. confertum (Mill.) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; Fl. Centralkarpath. [Sagorski & Gus.Schneider] 529 (1891)
= Milium effusum f. lerchenfeldianum (Schur) Morariu; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 12: 185 (1972)
= Milium effusum f. violaceum Holler ex Neuman; Sver. Fl. 776 (1901)
= Milium effusum subsp. confertum (L.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 34 (1890)
= Milium effusum var. coloratum Blytt; Norsk Fl. 2: 157 (1847)
= Milium effusum var. coloratum Roshev.; Fl. Zabaical. [Fedtschenko] 1: 57 (1929), nom. illeg.
= Milium effusum var. confertum Clairv.; Man. Herbor. Suisse 13 (1811)
= Milium effusum var. elatius Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 175 (1828)
= Milium effusum var. elatius W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 786 (1837)
= Milium effusum var. latifrons Podp.; Kvĕtena Moravy 6: 405 (1926)
= Milium effusum var. subacaule J.T.Jansen & Wacht.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 49: f. 4 (1939)
= Milium effusum var. subacaule J.T.Jansen & Wacht.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch., Ser. 3, 44: 234 (1934), nomen
= Milium effusum var. variegatum Ducommun; Taschenb. Schweiz. Bot. 855 (1869)
= Milium effusum var. violaceum Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 1: 208 (1907)
= Milium nepalense Nees; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 417 (1840), nomen
= Milium transsilvanicum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 741 (1866)
= Milium transsilvanicum var. lerchenfeldianum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 741 (1866)
= Milium willdenowii Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 3: 292 (1909)
= Paspalum effusum (L.) Raspail; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 301 (1825)
variant :
var. cisatlanticum Fernald; Rhodora 52: 218 (1950)
Name: American milletgrass
Distribution: Canada (Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, ?Labrador, Newfoundland, Isle Anticosti, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Isl., Nova Scotia); USA (Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, NE-Iowa, Illinois, N-Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, E-Tennessee, West Virginia, Virginia, N-New Jersey, Connecticut, New York, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine)
71 CDN 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Milium effusum subsp. cisatlanticum (Fernald) A.Haines; Stantec Bot. Notes 13: 4 (2010)
subspecies :
subsp. alpicola Chrtek; Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 132: 166 (1963)
Name: Alpen-Flattergras (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; France; Italy; etc.
11 AUT GER LIE SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Milium alpicola (Chrtek) Landolt; Fl. Indicativa 269 (2010)
= Milium effusum var. alpicola (Chrtek) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 123 (1971 publ. 1972)
species :
Milium pedicellare (Bornm.) Roshev. ex Melderis; Ark. Bot., a. s. 2, 5: 291 (1952)
Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran); Cyprus (N-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
34 CYP IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Milium vernale var. pedicellare Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 31(2): 267 (1914)
species :
Milium schmidtianum K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 438 (1848)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (NE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Milium caucasicum Sommier & Levier; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 4: 209 (1897)
= Milium effusum subsp. schmidtianum (K.Koch) Tzvelev; Zlaki S.S.S.R. 294 (1976)
= Milium effusum var. schmidtianum (K.Koch) Griseb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 445 (1852)
species :
Milium transcaucasicum Tzvelev; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 23 (1960)
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan)
33 ARM AZE
species :
Milium vernale M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 53 (1808)
Name: Frühlings-Flattergras (DE), Early Millet (EN)
Distribution: Netherlands; Belgium; Portugal; Spain; France; Channel Isl. (Guernsey); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread mainland, scattered Ionian Isl., Thasos, Samothraki, Evvoia); Crete (mountains); Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Libya; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Kalimnos, Nisyros); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (N-Cyprus, C-Mountains); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); USA [I] (Idaho [I])
11 BGM NET 12 CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SIC SRB TUE 14 KRY UKR 20 ALG LBY MOR 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 73 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Agrostis vernalis (M.Bieb.) Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 1: 259 (1810)
= Milium alexeenkoi (Tzvelev) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 78(10): 89 (1993)
= Milium intermedium (Prob.) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 78(10): 89 (1993)
= Milium scabrum Rich.; Herbor. Dépt. Maine-et-Loire 131 (1809), nomen
= Milium vernale proles scabrum (K.Richt.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 91 (1913)
= Milium vernale subsp. alexeenkoi (Tzvelev) Prob.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 14: 7 (1977)
= Milium vernale subsp. intermedium Prob.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 14: 9 (1977)
= Milium vernale subsp. montianum (Parl.) Jahand. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 1: 36 (1931)
= Milium montianum Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 1: 156 (1850)
= Milium vernale subsp. scabrum K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 34 (1890)
= Milium vernale subsp. tzvelevii Prob.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 14: 10 (1977)
= Milium vernale var. alexeenkoi Tzvelev; Zlaki S.S.S.R. 296 (1976)
= Milium vernale var. montianum (Parl.) Coss. & Durieu; Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 72 (1855)
= Milium vernale var. scabrum (K.Richt.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 70 (1913)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.10 (Oct. 12th, 2025)

Covering 357,450 accepted species,
8,806 hybrids, 48,075 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,944 synonyms,
in total 1,419,285* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life