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452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35209; hybrids: 676
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.7735 Genus Pallenis (Cass.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], ed. 2, 23: 566 (1822) 37: 275 (1825)
Distribution: Mediterranean. Frequently included in Asteriscus.
Species listed in database: 5
= Athalmum Neck. ex Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 319 (1891)
= Saulcya Michon; Solut. Nouv. Quest. Lieux Saints 100 (1852)
species :
Pallenis cuspidata Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 38 (1874)
subspecies :
subsp. cuspidata
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Asteriscus aquaticus subsp. cuspidata (Pomel) Batt.
= Pallenis spinosa var. gracilis Cass.
= Asteriscus cuspidatus (Pomel) Aurich & Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 28: 280 (1989)
subspecies :
subsp. canescens (Maire) Greuter; Fl. Medit. 7: 47 (1997)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria
20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asteriscus aquaticus subsp. canescens (Maire) Aurich & Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 28: 285 (1989)
= Pallenis canescens Viv.; Mem. Plagi Bot. 11 (1838)
= Pallenis spinosa var. canescens Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 25 (1929)
species :
Pallenis cyrenaica Alavi; Fl. Libya 107: 109 (1983)
Distribution: Libya
20 LBY
Synonyms: hidden
= Asteriscus cyrenaicus (Alavi) Dobignard; Candollea 52(1): 147 (1997)
species :
Pallenis maritima (L.) Greuter; Fl. Medit. 7: 47 (1997)
subspecies :
subsp. maritima
Name: Ausdauernder Strandstern (DE); Margarita maritima (ES)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera, Mallorca, Menorca); France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Lanzarote)
12 BAL COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ITA SIC 21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Asteriscus brachiatus Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 60 (1868)
= Asteriscus littoralis Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 60 (1868)
= Asteriscus madritensis (Sennen) Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 68 (1936)
= Asteriscus maritimus (L.) Less.; Syn. Gen. Compos. 210 (1832)
= Asteriscus maritimus proles littoralis (Jord. & Fourr.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 215 (1903)
= Asteriscus mauritanicus Jord. & Fourr.; Brev. Pl. Nov. 2: 61 (1868)
= Bubonium maritimum (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 13 (1768)
= Buphthalmum crassifolium Raf.; Specchio Sci. 1: 191 (1814)
= Buphthalmum maritimum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 903 (1753)
= Buphthalmum sessile Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 5 (1768)
= Dontospermum maritimum (L.) Sch.Bip.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2, 2): 233 (1844)
= Nauplius maritimus (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], ed. 2, 34: 274 (1825)
= Pallenis madritensis Sennen; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 32: 99 (1932)
subspecies :
subsp. sericea (Maire & Wilczek) Véla; Index Syn. Fl. Afrique N. 5: 394 (2013)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Asteriscus maritimus subsp. sericeus (Maire & Wilczek) Véla; Islands and Pl. 280 (2013)
= Asteriscus maritimus var. sericeus Maire & Wilczek; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 211 (1935)
species :
Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], ed. 2, 37: 276 (1825)
subspecies :
subsp. spinosa
Name: Stechendes Sternauge (DE); Spiny Starwort (EN); Estrellada spinosa (ES)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera, Mallorca, Menorca); France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (very widespread, incl. all islands); Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Gomera, La Palma, Lanzarote, Tenerife); Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan (Talysh); East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Australia [I] (Victoria [I], South Australia [I])
12 ADO BAL COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI MLT PEL SIC SLV SMA TUE 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 32 TKM 33 AZE NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 50 aus
Synonyms: hidden
= Asteriscus aureus Lange; Pug. Pl. Hispan. 2: 118 (1861)
= Asteriscus caballeroi Sennen; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 32: 99 (1932), nomen
= Asteriscus spinosus (L.) Sch.Bip.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2, 2): 230 (1844)
= Asteriscus spinosus subsp. aureus (Willk.) Aurich & Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 28: 271 (1989)
= Asteriscus spinosus subsp. microcephalus (Halácsy) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Man. Països Catalans 3: 760 (1995)
= Asteriscus spinosus var. aureus Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 48 (1865)
= Asteriscus spinosus var. gymnesicus (O.Bolòs & P.Monts.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Man. Països Catalans 3: 760 (1995)
= Asteriscus spinosus var. subacaulis Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 35: 118 (1888)
= Athalmum spinosum (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 319 (1891)
= Bubonium spinosum (L.) Hill; Veg. Syst. 2: 74 (1761)
= Buphthalmum aureum Salzm. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 238 (1841)
= Buphthalmum gussonei Pasq.; Rendiconti Reale Accad. Sci. Fis. 17: 157 (1879)
= Buphthalmum spinosum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 904 (1753)
= Pallenis aurea Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 391 (1879)
= Pallenis aurea Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 38 (1874)
= Pallenis croatica Graebn.; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 252 (1906)
= Pallenis spinosa f. microcephala Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 2: 18 (1902)
= Pallenis spinosa subsp. aurea (Willk.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 391 (1879)
= Pallenis spinosa subsp. microcephala (Halácsy) Rech.f.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 85: 62 (1936)
= Pallenis spinosa var. gymnesica O.Bolòs & P.Monts.; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 90 (1987 publ. 1988)
= Pallenis spinosa var. subacaulis (Rouy) Nebot, De La Torre, G.Mateo & Alcaraz; Anales Biol., Fac. Biol., Univ. Murcia 16: 117 (1990)
subspecies :
subsp. asteroidea (Viv.) Greuter; Fl. Medit. 7: 47 (1997)
Distribution: Libya; Egypt; Turkey; Cyprus; Lebanon; Syria; Israel; Jordania
20 EGY LBY 34 CYP ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asteriscus spinosus subsp. asteroideus (Viv.) Aurich & Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 28: 268 (1989)
= Buphthalmum asteroideum Viv.; Fl. Libyc. Spec. 57, t. 25, f. 2 (1824)
subspecies :
subsp. maroccana (Aurich & Podlech) Greuter; Fl. Medit. 7: 47 (1997)
Distribution: Algeria
20 ALG
Synonyms: hidden
= Asteriscus spinosus subsp. maroccanus Aurich & Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 28: 275 (1989)
species :
Pallenis teknensis (Dobignard & Jacquemoud) Greuter & Jury; Willdenowia 33: 239-244 (2003)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Asteriscus teknensis Dobignard & Jacquemoud; Candollea 52(1): 145 (1997)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

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