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178.0000 Family Poaceae Barnhart; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 7 (1895), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 800 genera, ca. 12.000 spp. worldwide. Systematics following Soreng et al. (2017) and Soreng et al. (2022)
Species listed in database: 12194; hybrids: 391
= Aegilopaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 221 (1820)
= Agrostidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Alopecuraceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 19 (1820)
= Andropogonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 28 (1820)
= Anomochloaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Anthoxanthaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Arundinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 60 (1843)
= Arundinellaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 136 (1940)
= Asperellaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 270 (1827)
= Avenaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 60. 31 (1820)
= Bambusaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Bromaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Cenchraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 9, 268 (1827)
= Chaeturaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 269 (1827)
= Chloridaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Chondrosaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)
= Coleanthaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. [Pfeiffer] 1(2): 818. ante (1873)
= Cynodontaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 51, 269 (1827)
= Cynosuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271, 272 (1827)
= Echinariaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Ehrhartaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Eragrostidaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Festucaceae Spreng.; Fl. Comit. Pest. 1: 28 (1825)
= Glyceriaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Gramineae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 28 (1789), nom. cons.
= Holcaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 252 (1833)
= Hordeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Laguraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)
= Lepturaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 147 (1940)
= Loliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 6, 267 (1827)
= Melicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 390 (1820)
= Miliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 91, 270 (1827)
= Nardaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 413 (1820)
= Olyraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Ophiuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 3, 268 (1827)
= Oryzaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Panicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Pappophoraceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Parianaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Paspalaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 47, 269 (1827)
= Phalaridaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)
= Pharaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 139 (1940)
= Phleaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)
= Saccharaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Sesleriaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 60 (1843)
= Spartinaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 46, 268 (1827)
= Stipaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Streptochaetaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Triticaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 22, 268 (1827)
= Zeaceae A.J.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 651 (1891)
= Zoysiaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 8, 268 (1827)
178.5051 Genus Phleum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 59 (1753)
Distribution: N- and temperate South America, temperate Eurasia, N-Africa
Species listed in database: 17; hybrids: 2
= Achnodon Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 65 (1827)
= Achnodonton P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 24 (1812)
= Chilochloa P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 37 (1812)
= Heleochloa P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 23, 164 (1812) [non Roem. (1807)]
= Maillea Parl.; Pl. Nov. [Parlatore] 31 (1842)
= Plantinia Bubani; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 5: 317 (1873)
= Stelephuros Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 31, 607 (1763)
species :
Phleum alpinum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 59 (1753) emend. Gaudin
Name: Alpen-Lieschgras (DE), Alpine Cat´s-tail (EN)
Distribution: Iceland; Faeroe Isl.; England (N-England, C-Scotland); Norway; Sweden; Finland; Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Poland; Czech Republic; Spain (Pyrénées, Cordillera Cantabrica, Sistema Iberico); Andorra; France; Corsica; Italy; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (higher mountains of N-, C-Greece, Peloponnisos); C-European Russia; N-European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (Altay, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Kuril Isl.); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran); Afghanistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Kunar / Nuristan, Parwan); China (Gansu, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan); Tibet; Mongolia; North Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); Taiwan; Pakistan (Chitral, Dir, Swat, etc.); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand); Alaska; Aleutes; Greenland; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Maine, Michigan, Montana, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I], Magallanes [I]); South Georgia Isl. [I]
10 FIN FOR GRB ICE NOR SWE 11 CZE GER LIE POL SWI 12 ADO COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BUL cro GRC ITA ROM slv 14 RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN IRQ TUR 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP NKO TAI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 mex 80 gua 85 arg cle 91 sge
Remarks: alpinum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Phleum alpinum proles commutatum (Gaudin) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 51 (1913)
= Phleum alpinum proles parviceps (Briq.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 51 (1913)
= Phleum alpinum f. bracteolatum Dans.; Naturaliste Canad. 72: 142 (1945)
= Phleum alpinum f. commutatum (Gaudin) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 58 (1914)
= Phleum alpinum f. subcapitatum (Schur) Şerb. & Nyár.; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 12: 124 (1972)
= Phleum alpinum subsp. commutatum (Gaudin) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 36 (1890)
= Phleum alpinum subsp. commutatum (Gaudin) Malag.; Subesp. Variación Geogr. 27 (1973) [comb. superfl.]
= Phleum alpinum var. ambiguum Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 55 (1890)
= Phleum alpinum var. americanum E.Fourn.; Mexic. Pl. 2 (Enum. Gram.): 90 (1886)
= Phleum alpinum var. atrocephalum Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 2: 169 (1851), nom. inval.
= Phleum alpinum var. commutatum (Gaudin) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 484 (1884), isonym
= Phleum alpinum var. commutatum (Gaudin) Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 465 (1844)
= Phleum alpinum var. commutatum (Gaudin) Westling; Trudy Bot. Sada Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 5: 141 (1904), isonym
= Phleum alpinum var. flavescens Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 3(6): 90 (1852), nom. inval.
= Phleum alpinum var. flavidum Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 1(2): 186 (1850), nom. inval.
= Phleum alpinum var. foliosum Reut.; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Genèv., éd. 2: 229 (1861)
= Phleum alpinum var. nigricans Schur; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 9: 16 (1858)
= Phleum alpinum var. ochrocephalum Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 2: 169 (1851), nom. inval.
= Phleum alpinum var. parviceps Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 1: 81 (1910)
= Phleum alpinum var. pumilum Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 1(2): 186 (1850), nom. inval.
= Phleum alpinum var. scribnerianum Pomel; Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci. 7: 238 (1899)
= Phleum alpinum var. subcapitatum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 728 (1866)
= Phleum alpinum var. tenue Trin.; Sp. Gram. [Trinius] 1: t. 22 (1824), pro syn.
= Phleum arcticum Giesecke ex Lange; Consp. Fl. Groenland. 1: 155 (1880), pro syn.
= Phleum capitatum Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 56 (1771)
= Phleum commutatum Gaudin; Alpina 3: 4 (1808)
= Phleum commutatum var. americanum (E.Fourn.) Hultén; Ark. Bot., a. s. 7(1): 9 (1968)
= Phleum geniculatum Bellardi ex Vitman; Summa Pl. 1: 176 (1789)
= Phleum gerardii Panz.; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, Abbild. 29: s. p. (1810), nom. illeg.
= Phleum haenkeanum J.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. [C. Presl] 1: 245 (1830)
= Phleum mouterdei A.Camus; J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 2: 203 (1955), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Phleum nigricans Willd. ex Trin.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5(2): 123 (1840), pro syn.
= Phleum ovatum Jacquem. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 7: 237 (1896)
= Phleum parviceps (Briq.) A.W.Hill; Index Kew., Suppl. 6: 152 1916-20 (1926)
= Phleum pratense subsp. alpinum (L.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 144 (1899), isonym
= Phleum pratense subsp. alpinum (L.) Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 1(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 1): 38 (1867)
= Phleum pratense var. alpinum (L.) Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 582 (1879), isonym
= Phleum pratense var. alpinum (L.) Schreb.; Beschr. Gräs. 1: 103 (1769)
= Phleum subalpinum Brügger; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens 31(Beil.): 195 (1888)
= Phleum vaginatum Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 73: 405 (1927), nomen
= Plantinia alpina (L.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 4: 272 (1901)
= Plantinia tournefortii Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 4: 273 (1901)
species :
Phleum arenarium L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 60 (1753)
Name: Sand-Lieschgras (DE), Sand Cat´s-tail (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Netherlands; Germany (Brandenburg [I], Baden-Württemberg [I], Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Thüringen [I]); Portugal; Spain; Baleares (Mallorca); France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey); Corsica; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Croatia; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; European Russia; ?Crimea; Morocco; Algeria [I]; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); Qatar [I]; USA [I] (Massachusetts [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Oregon [I])
10 DEN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 GER NET 12 BAL CIS COR FRA POR SPA 13 CRO ITA PEL SIC 14 lat lit RUS 20 alg MOR 31 rfe 34 LEB SYR 35 qat 73 usa 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Achnodon arenarius (L.) Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 65 (1827)
= Achnodonton arenarium (L.) Trin.; Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 166 (1824)
= Chilochloa arenaria (L.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 37 (1812)
= Crypsis arenaria (L.) Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 63 (1798)
= Phalaris arenaria (L.) Huds.; Fl. Angl. [Hudson] 21 (1762)
= Phalaris phleoides Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 315 (1841), pro syn.
= Phalaris phleoides var. arenaria (L.) Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 86 (1789)
= Phleum arenarium f. filiformis Bolzon; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 20: 314 (1913)
= Phleum arenarium f. majus Bolzon; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 20: 314 (1913)
= Phleum arenarium f. minor Bolzon; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 20: 316 (1913)
= Phleum arenarium subsp. caesium H.Scholz; Willdenowia 19(2): 407 (1990)
= Plantinia arenaria (L.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 4: 273 (1901)
= Poa arenaria (L.) Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 342 (1824), nom. illeg.
species :
Phleum brachystachyum (Salis) Gamisans, Romero García & C.Morales; Candollea 38(2): 654 (1983)
subspecies :
subsp. brachystachyum
Distribution: Corsica
12 COR
Synonyms: hidden
= Phleum pratense subsp. brachystachyum (Salis) Gamisans; Candollea 28(1): 48 (1973)
= Phleum pratense var. brachystachyum Salis; Flora 16: 475 (1833)
subspecies :
subsp. abbreviatum (Boiss.) Gamisans, Romero García & C.Morales; Candollea 38(2): 658 (1983)
Distribution: Spain (Sa. Nevada)
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Phleum abbreviatum (Boiss.) Rivas Mart., A.Asensi, Molero Mesa & F.Valle; Rivasgodaya 6: 50 (1991)
= Phleum pratense f. abbreviatum (Boiss.) Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 4B(44B): 92 (1905)
= Phleum pratense subsp. abbreviatum (Boiss.) J.Molero Mesa & F.Pérez Raya; Fl. Sierra Nevada 350 (1987)
= Phleum pratense var. abbreviatum Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 633 (1842)
species :
Phleum crypsoides (d´Urv.) Hack.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 39: 274 (1892)
subspecies :
subsp. crypsoides
Name: Rasiges Lieschgras (DE); Dense Timothy (EN)
Distribution: Greece (rare Attiki, Kiklades: Andros, Tinos, Mikonos, Kea, Kithnos, Serifos, Mikonos, Naxos, Paros, Astipaleia, Sirina, Zafora, Astakida); Crete (incl. islets); East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Nisyros, Chalki, Rhodos, Kasos, Karpathos); Cyprus (W-Cyprus)
13 GRC KRI 34 CYP EAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Alopecurus crypsoides Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 466 (1846)
= Maillea crypsoides (d´Urv.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 479 (1884)
= Maillea urvillei Parl.; Pl. Nov. [Parlatore] 31 (1842), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Phalaris crypsoides d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 263 (1822)
= Phleum crypsoideum Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 39: 269 (1892) orth. var.
subspecies :
subsp. sardoum (Hack.) Horn; Bot. Not. 1946: 370 (1946)
Distribution: Sardinia
12 SAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Maillea urvillei var. sardoa Hack.; Fl. Sard. Comp. 66 (1884)
= Phleum arenarium var. sardoum (Hack.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 58 (1896)
= Phleum sardoum (Hack.) Hack.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 39: 274 (1892)
species :
Phleum echinatum Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 3: 8 (1805)
Name: Igel-Lieschgras (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (scattered W-, C-Greece, Peloponnisos, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl.)
11 ger 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA MNT SIC TUE
Synonyms: hidden
= Phleum felinum Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 32 (1806)
= Phleum graecum Willd. ex Trin.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5(2): 122 (1840), pro syn.
species :
Phleum exaratum Hochst. ex Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 463 (1844)
Name: Griechisches Lieschgras (DE); Greek Timothy (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Italy; ?Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered mainland, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., widespread Kiklades and other Aegaean Isl.); Crete; Georgia [Caucasus]; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Dodecanese, Kos, Tilos, Nisyros, Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel)
11 ger 13 ALB BUL GRC ITA KOS KRI NMA TUE 33 GEO 34 EAI IRN IRQ ISR LEB TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Phleum arenarium f. breviglume Bornm.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 48: 643 (1898)
= Phleum arenarium subsp. aegaeum Vierh.; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 69: 304 (1919)
= Phleum cornutum Mez; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 293 (1921)
= Phleum exaratum subsp. aegaeum (Vierh.) Doğan; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 40: 509 (1983), isonym
= Phleum exaratum subsp. aegaeum (Vierh.) Greuter; Boissiera 13: 180 (1967)
= Phleum exaratum subsp. breviglume (Bornm.) H.Scholz; Willdenowia 19: 410 (1990)
= Phleum graecum Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 2(13): 42 (1853)
species :
Phleum himalaicum Mez; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 293 (1921)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Takhar); Pakistan (Chitral, Dir, Swat, Hazara, Gilgit, Azad Kashmir); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh)
32 KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Phleum arenarium var. thomsonii Griseb.; Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 3: 83 (1868)
species :
Phleum hirsutum Honck.; Verz. Gew. Teutschl. 183 (1782)
Name: Rauhaariges Lieschgras (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; France; Italy; San Marino; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (rare NC- & NE-Greece); Ukraine; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey; Iraq
11 AUT GER LIE POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB 14 UKR 33 GEO NCS 34 IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Chilochloa cuspidata P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 37 (1812), nomen
= Chilochloa hirsuta (Honck.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 139 (1821)
= Chilochloa michelii (All.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr., t. 7, f. 3 (1812)
= Phalaris alpina Turra; Giorn. Italia Sci. Nat. 1: 119 (1764)
= Phalaris ciliaris Spreng.; Bot. Gart. Halle, Nachtr. 1: 69 (1801)
= Phalaris ciliata Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 3 (1816), nom. illeg.
= Phalaris cuspidata (Willd.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 609 (1821)
= Phalaris michelii (All.) Savi; Nuovo Giorn. Lett., Ser. 2, 4: 230 (1806)
= Phalaris mucronata Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 2: 12 (1815), nomen
= Phleum ambiguum Ten.; Fl. Med. Univ. 37 (1823)
= Phleum cuspidatum Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow], Suppl. 5 (1809), nomen
= Phleum hirsutum subsp. ambiguum (Ten.) Cif. & Giacom.; Nomenclator Fl. Ital. 1: 24 (1950)
= Phleum hirsutum subsp. ambiguum (Ten.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 69 (1971), isonym
= Phleum hirsutum subsp. dactylinum A.G.Helm; Ber. Bot.-Zool. Ges. Liechtenstein-Sargens-Werdenberg 17: 11 (1988)
= Phleum michelii All; Fl. Pedem. 2: 233 (1785)
= Phleum michelii subsp. ambiguum (Ten.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 757 (1882)
= Phleum michelii subsp. subincrassatum Griseb.; Beitr. Fl. Fauna Herc. [Pastro] 17 (1872)
= Phleum michelii var. cuspidatum (Rchb.) Hausm.; Fl. Tirol [Hausmann] 2: 964 (1852)
= Phleum phalarideum Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 2: 60 (1787)
= Phleum subincrassatum (Griseb.) Chrtek; Acta Univ. Carol., Biol. 1963: 226 (1963)
= Phleum trigynum Schrad. ex Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling], ed. 3, 1: 496 (1823)
= Phleum tzvelevii Dubovik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 1977: 75 (1978)
= Plantinia cuspidata (Willd.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 4: 270 (1901)
species :
Phleum iranicum Bornm. & Gauba; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 47: 127 (1939)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Phleum montanum K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 383 (1848)
Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq; Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, N-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Kabul); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains)
13 ALB BUL KOS NMA ROM SRB 14 KRY UKR 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Chilochloa collina Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 729 (1866)
= Chilochloa cuspidata Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 729 (1866), pro syn.
= Phleum ambiguum Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 463 (1846), nom. illeg.
= Phleum boehmeri var. ciliatum Griseb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 457 (1852), nom. illeg.
= Phleum ciliatum Pourr.; Hist. & Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Toulouse 3: 324 (1788)
= Phleum collinum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 945 (1866), nomen
= Phleum kotschyi Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 483 (1884), pro syn.
= Phleum montanum subsp. serrulatum (Boiss.) Doğan; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 40(1): 86 (1982)
= Phleum montanum var. glabrispiculatum (Tzvelev) Tzvelev; Zlaki Rossii 412 (2019)
= Phleum palare Tardent; Essai Hist. Nat. Bessarabie 34 (1841)
= Phleum phleoides subsp. montanum (K.Koch) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 70 (1971)
= Phleum phleoides var. glabrispiculatum Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 70 (1971)
= Phleum serrulatum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(4): 125 (1859)
= Phleum veluchense Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 483 (1884), pro syn.
species :
Phleum nodosum L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 871 (1759)
Name: Knolliges Lieschgras, Knolliges Wiesen-Lieschgras, Bertoloni-Wiesen-Lieschgras (DE), Smaller Cat´s-tail (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides [I], Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Hungary; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Italy; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of N- & C-Greece, Mt. Killini, Mt. Parnonas); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; European Russia; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq; Iran (N-Iran); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Bhutan [I]
10 GRB IRE 11 AUT GER HUN LIE SWI 12 CIS FRA 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA SLV SMA TUE 14 EST LAT LIT RUS 20 ALG MOR TUN 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ LEB TUR 40 bhu
Remarks: pratense agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Phleum bertolonii DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 132 (1813)
= Phleum castelnavii Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 73: 405 (1927), nomen
= Phleum hubbardii D.Kováts; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 128 (1977 publ. 1978)
= Phleum intermedium Jord.; Arch. Fl. France Allem. [F.W.Schultz] 325 (1854)
= Phleum nodosum var. minus DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 3: 6 (1805)
= Phleum nodosum var. serotinum (Jord.) Martrin-Donos; Fl. Tarn 777 (1864)
= Phleum praecox Jord.; Arch. Fl. France Allem. [F.W.Schultz] 325 (1854)
= Phleum praecox var. delphinense Beauverd; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Sér. 2: t. 2 (1936)
= Phleum pratense proles nodosum Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 49 (1913)
= Phleum pratense subsp. bertolonii (DC.) Bornm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61(Beibl. 140): 157 (1928)
= Phleum pratense subsp. hubbardii (D.Kovats) Soó; Magyar Fl. Veg. 6: 185 (1980)
= Phleum pratense subsp. intermedium (Jord.) Berher; Fl. Vosges [Louis], éd. 2: 239 (1887)
= Phleum pratense subsp. nodosum (L.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 757 (1882), isonym
= Phleum pratense subsp. nodosum (L.) Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg. 131 (1824)
= Phleum pratense subsp. praecox (Jord.) Berher; Fl. Vosges [Louis], éd. 2: 239 (1887)
= Phleum pratense subsp. serotinum (Jord.) Berher; Fl. Vosges [Louis], éd. 2: 239 (1887)
= Phleum pratense var. bertolonii (DC.) Alef.; Landw. Fl. 345 (1866), isonym
= Phleum pratense var. bertolonii (DC.) Beck; Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 15: 18 (1903), isonym
= Phleum pratense var. bertolonii (DC.) Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 228 (1833)
= Phleum pratense var. debile Velen.; Fl. Bulg. [Velenovský], Suppl.: 289 (1898)
= Phleum pratense var. intermedium (Jord.) Reut.; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Genèv., éd. 2: 229 (1861)
= Phleum pratense var. maximum Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 3: 258 (1909)
= Phleum pratense var. nodosum (L.) Schrad.; Beschr. Gräs. 1: 102 (1767)
= Phleum pratense var. nodosum (L.) W.D.J.Koch & Ziz; Cat. Pl. Palat. 4 (1814)
= Phleum pratense var. nodosum P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 36 (1934), nom. illeg.
= Phleum pratense var. nodosum Schltdl.; Fl. Berol. [Schlechtendal] 1: 40 (1823)
= Phleum pratense var. praecox (Jord.) Besnou & Lachénée; Cat. Pl. Cherbourg 180 (1862)
= Phleum pratense var. serotinum (Jord.) St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 9 (Cat. Fl. Bass. Rhône): 787 (1882)
= Phleum serotinum Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., Sér. 2, 1: 141 (1852)
species :
Phleum paniculatum Huds.; Fl. Angl. [Hudson] 23 (1762)
Name: Rispen-Lieschgras (DE), British timothy (EN)
Distribution: Germany (Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Sachsen [I], +Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Hungary; C- & E-Spain; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; European Russia; ?Crimea; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman); Lebanon (Antilebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (Jazira, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); China (Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Pakistan (Pakistani Punjab, Chitral, Swat); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir); USA [I] (New York [I], Oregon [I])
11 AUT GER HUN SWI 12 COR FRA SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB 14 est lat RUS 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 36 CHI 38 JAP 40 IND PAK 73 usa 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Chilochloa annua (M.Bieb.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 410 (1817)
= Chilochloa aspera (Retz.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 37 (1812)
= Chilochloa paniculata (Huds.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 37 (1812)
= Phalaris aspera (Jacq.) Retz.; Observ. Bot. [Retzius] 4: 14 (1786)
= Phalaris paniculata (Huds.) Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 87 (1789)
= Phalaris tenuifolia Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 609 (1821), pro syn.
= Phleum annuum M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 46 (1808)
= Phleum asperum (Retz.) Jacq.; Collectanea [Jacquin] 1: 110 (1787)
= Phleum asperum subsp. annuum (M.Bieb.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 37 (1890)
= Phleum asperum var. annuum (M.Bieb.) Griseb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 456 (1852)
= Phleum asperum var. ciliatum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 482 (1884)
= Phleum asperum var. japonicum (Franch. & Sav.) Hack.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 7: 647 (1899)
= Phleum asperum var. japonicum (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 11: 444 (1897), isonym
= Phleum boissieri Bornm.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 11: 20 (1912) [nom. illeg. superfl.]
= Phleum boissieri var. quinquenervium Thell. & F.Zimm.; Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 3: 127 (1914)
= Phleum exaratum Hochst. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 480 (1884), nom. illeg.
= Phleum hackelianum Thell. & F.Zimm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 370 (1916), nom. prov.
= Phleum japonicum Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 158 (1877)
= Phleum lima C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. [C.C.Gmelin] 1: 121 (1805), pro syn.
= Phleum odoratum Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 410 (1817), pro syn.
= Phleum paniculatum subsp. annuum (M.Bieb.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 23(4): 413 (1988)
= Phleum paniculatum subsp. ciliatum (Boiss.) Doğan; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 40(1): 86 (1982)
= Phleum paniculatum var. annuum (M.Bieb.) G.Westb.; Trudy Bot. Sada Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 5: 142 (1905)
= Phleum paniculatum var. annuum (M.Bieb.) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 58 (1914), isonym
= Phleum paniculatum var. biebersteinii Grossh.; Trav. Mus. Géorgie 3: 38 (1925)
= Phleum paniculatum var. ciliatum (Boiss.) Bor; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 70: 292 (1970)
= Phleum sibiricum C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. [C.C.Gmelin] 1: 121 (1805), pro syn.
= Phleum viride All.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 232 (1785)
= Plantinia aspera (Jacq.) Bubani; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 5: 317 (1873)
species :
Phleum phleoides (L.) H.Karst.; Deut. Fl. [Karsten] 374 (1881)
Name: Glanz-Lieschgras, Steppen-Lieschgras (DE), Purple-stem Cat´s-tail (EN)
Distribution: England (E-England); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread mountains of mainland, Thasos); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Siberia (Altay, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia/Siberian Urals, N-Yakutia); Russian Far East [I] (Amur [I], Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); China (Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol, N-Xinjiang); Mongolia
10 DEN FIN GRB NOR SWE 11 BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX POL SLO SWI 12 ADO COR FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Chilochloa boehmeri (Wibel) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 37 (1812), as ´boemeri´
= Chilochloa phleoides (L.) Desv.; Observ. Pl. Angers 46 (1818)
= Heleochloa phalaroides (L.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 24 (1812)
= Phalaris phleoides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 55 (1753)
= Phalaris trigyna Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 4: 12 (1809)
= Phleum arvense Pourr.; Hist. & Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Toulouse 3: 324 (1788)
= Phleum boehmeri subsp. clausiflorum Neuman & Ahlfv.; Sver. Fl. [Neuman] 782 (1901)
= Phleum boehmeri subsp. clausiflorum Neuman; Sver. Fl. [Neuman] 782 (1901)
= Phleum boehmeri subsp. cuspidatum (Roem. & Schult.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 36 (1890)
= Phleum boehmeri var. altissimum Ducommun; Taschenb. Schweiz. Bot. 842 (1869)
= Phleum boehmeri var. aureum A.F.Schwarz; Abh. Naturhist. Ges. Nürnberg 14, Beil. [Phan.-Fl. Nürnberg-Erlangen] 860 (1902)
= Phleum boehmeri var. blepharodes Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 148 (1899)
= Phleum boehmeri var. ciliatum Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 4(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 4): 712 (1881), nom. illeg.
= Phleum boehmeri var. ciliatum Peterm.; Bot. Excurs. Leipzig 525 (1846)
= Phleum boehmeri var. gracile Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 13-14: 39 (1899)
= Phleum boehmeri var. imberbe Corb.; Nouv. Fl. Normandie 627 (1894)
= Phleum boehmeri var. interruptum Zabel; Arch. Vereins Freunde Naturgesch. Mecklenburg 13: 88 (1859)
= Phleum boehmeri var. laeve B.Fedtsch.; Izv. Imp. Bot. Sada Petra Velikago, Suppl. 2: 52 (1915)
= Phleum boehmeri var. laxiusculum Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 148 (1899)
= Phleum boehmeri var. laxum Delastre; Fl. Vienne 469 (1842)
= Phleum boehmeri var. maximum Hack. & Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 10: 35 (1907)
= Phleum boehmeri var. sakarense Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vĕstn. Král. Ceské Společn. Nauk., Tř. Mat.-Přír.) 27: 19 (1902)
= Phleum boehmeri var. scabrum Lecoq & Lamotte; Cat. Pl. Plateau Central 387 (1847), nom. illeg.
= Phleum boehmeri var. scabrum Peterm.; Bot. Excurs. Leipzig 525 (1846)
= Phleum boehmeri var. viviparum Hampe; Prodr. Fl. Hercyn. 8 (1836), nom. inval.
= Phleum boehmeri Wibel; Prim. Fl. Werth. [Wibel] 125 (1799), nom. illeg.
= Phleum brevifolium Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 75 (1867), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Phleum glabrum Bernh.; Syst. Verz. Pfl. Erfurt [Bernhardi] 38 (1800)
= Phleum hostii Jacq.; Cat. Horti Vindob. (1817), pro syn.
= Phleum laeve M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 46 (1808), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Phleum phalaris Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 79 (1805)
= Phleum phalaroides Koeler; Descr. Gram. [Koeler] 52 (1802), nom. illeg.
= Phleum phalaroides var. angustifolium Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 54 (1890)
= Phleum phalaroides var. latifolium Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 54 (1890)
= Phleum phalaroides var. lobatum Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 54 (1890)
= Phleum phleoides subsp. purpurascens Zimmerman; Mitt. Bad. Landesvereins Naturk. Naturschutz 294: 342 (1914)
= Phleum phleoides var. blepharodes (Asch. & Graebn.) Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 3: 345 (1904)
= Phleum phleoides var. ciliatum (Čelak.) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 59 (1914)
= Phleum phleoides var. ciliatum Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30(3): 344 (1933)
= Phleum phleoides var. interruptum (Zabel) Şerb. & Nyár.; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 12: 125 (1972), isonym
= Phleum phleoides var. interruptum (Zabel) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 59 (1914)
= Phleum phleoides var. laxiusculum (Asch. & Graebn.) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 59 (1914)
= Phleum reclinatum Gorter; Fl. Belg. [Gorter], Suppl. II: 18 (1777)
= Phleum ventricosum Moench; Methodus [Moench] 177 (1794), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Plantinia phalaroidea (Koeler) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 4: 269 (1901), nom. illeg. superfl.
species :
Phleum pratense L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 59 (1753)
Name: Wiesen-Lieschgras (DE), Timothy (EN)
Distribution: Iceland; Faeroe Isl.; England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, ark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of N- & C-Greece); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Egypt (Nile Valley); Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Faial); Siberia (Altay, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia/Siberian Urals, N-Yakutia); Russian Far East [I] (Amur [I], Kamchatka [I], Khabarovsk [I], Kuril Isl. [I], Magadan [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran); China (Anhui, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Shaanxi, Shandong, Xinjiang, Yunnan); North Korea; South Korea; Japan [I]; Pakistan [I] (Chitral [I]); India [I] (Assam [I]); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Auckland Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Maui [I]); Alaska [I]; Greenland [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Labrador [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Northern Territories [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], Nevada [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Mexico [I]; Jamaica [I]; S-Brazil [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I], Magallanes [I]); Campbell Isl. [I]; Falkland Isl. [I]; South Georgia Isl. [I]
10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 EGY 21 AZO 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR 36 CHI 38 jap KOR NKO 40 ind pak 50 aus 51 auc ctm nzl 63 haw 70 ask cdn gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 81 jam 84 bra 85 arg cle 91 cmp fal sge
Remarks: pratense agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Achnodonton bulbosum (Gouan) J.Woods; Tour. Fl. 398 (1850)
= Panicum pratense var. intermedium Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 164 (1828)
= Phleum bulbosum Gouan; Fl. Monsp. [Gouan] 117 (1762)
= Phleum deckeri Roem. ex Trin.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 5(2): 124 (1840)
= Phleum fallax Janka; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 4(3): 1061 (1876)
= Phleum maximum Pryor; Fl. Hertfordshire 450 (1888), pro syn.
= Phleum microstachyum Ruiz ex Nyman; Bot. Not. 67 (1851)
= Phleum nodosum var. pratense (L.) St.-Amans; Fl. Agen. [St.-Amans] 23 (1821)
= Phleum parnassicum Boiss. & Heldr. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 792 (1882)
= Phleum pratense proles microstachyum (Ruiz ex Nyman) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 49 (1913)
= Phleum pratense f. alpinoides Norm.; Forh. Vidensk.-Selsk. Kristiania 1893 (16): 56 (1893)
= Phleum pratense f. bracteatum (Boenn.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 142 (1899)
= Phleum pratense f. elongatum (Schur) Şerb. & Nyár.; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 12: 123 (1972)
= Phleum pratense f. fallax (Janka) Şerb. & Nyár.; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 12: 124 (1972)
= Phleum pratense f. monstrosa Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 37: 38 (1911)
= Phleum pratense f. pseudonodosum Gugler; Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 1(40): 536 (1906)
= Phleum pratense f. stoloniferum (Host) Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 4B(44B): 92 (1905)
= Phleum pratense f. viviparum (Gray) Louis-Marie; Rev. Oka Agron. Inst. Agric. 14: 144 (1940)
= Phleum pratense subsp. microstachyum (Ruiz ex Nyman) Malag.; Subesp. Variación Geogr. 27 (1973)
= Phleum pratense subsp. roshevitzii (Pavlick) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 71 (1971)
= Phleum pratense subsp. vulgare (Čelak.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 142 (1899), nom. inval.
= Phleum pratense var. armatum Druce; Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 5: 55 (1917)
= Phleum pratense var. bracteatum Boenn.; Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal. 21 (1824)
= Phleum pratense var. caespitosum Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr. 38 (1859)
= Phleum pratense var. chlorostachyum N.H.F.Desp.; Fl. Sarthe 302 (1838)
= Phleum pratense var. elongatum Duby; Bot. Gall., ed. 2, 1: 508 (1828)
= Phleum pratense var. elongatum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 728 (1866), nom. illeg.
= Phleum pratense var. fallax (Janka) C.Klinggr.; Fl. Preussen 461 (1848)
= Phleum pratense var. gracillimum Murr; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 14(1): 20 (1908)
= Phleum pratense var. longiaristatum Parn.; Grasses Britain 176 (1845)
= Phleum pratense var. longiciliatum Parn.; Grasses Britain 178 (1845)
= Phleum pratense var. macrochaeton Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 118 (1843)
= Phleum pratense var. microstachyum (Ruiz ex Nyman) Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 5: 114 (1901)
= Phleum pratense var. minus Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 139 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Phleum pratense var. stoloniferum (Host) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 31 (1830), nom. inval.
= Phleum pratense var. stoloniferum (Host) Şerb. & Nyár.; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 12: 123 (1972)
= Phleum pratense var. stoloniformis (Host) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 321 (1841)
= Phleum pratense var. viviparum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 139 (1821)
= Phleum roshevitzii Pavlov; Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 30: 744 (1932)
= Phleum stoloniferum Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 1: 80 (1827)
= Phleum tuberosum Panz. ex Trin.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6(2, Bot.): 124 (1840), pro syn.
= Phleum villosum Opiz; Naturalientausch 10: 221 (1825)
= Phleum vulgare (Čelak.) Chase & Niles; Index Grass Sp. 3: 81 (1962)
= Plantinia pratensis (L.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 4: 270 (1901)
= Stelephuros pratensis (L.) Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 216 (1915)
species :
Phleum rhaeticum (Humphries) Rausch; Feddes Repert. 90(7-8): 399 (1979)
Name: Graubündner Lieschgras (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Slovakia; France; Italy; Slovenia; Albania; Romania; etc.
11 AUT GER LIE SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB ITA ROM SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Phleum alpinum subsp. rhaeticum Humphries; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 339 (1978)
species :
Phleum subulatum (Savi) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 154 (1899)
Name: Pfriemen-Lieschgras (DE); Italian Timothy (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Poland; France; Corsica; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered mainland, incl. many islands); Crete; European Russia; Crimea; Algeria [I]; Libya; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (N-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, Jazira, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (C-Israel, coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Jordania (W-Jordania); Australia [I] (Queensland [I]); USA [I] (Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I])
11 ger POL 12 COR FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 KRY RUS 20 alg LBY 34 CYP EAI ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 50 aus 73 usa 75 usa 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Achnodon bellardii (J.F.Gmel.) Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 65 (1827)
= Achnodonton bellardii (J.F.Gmel.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 25 (1812)
= Achnodonton tenuis (Host) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 25, 146, 173, pl. 7, f. 5 (1812)
= Phalaris bellardii (J.F.Gmel.) Willd.; Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 3: 415 (1801)
= Phalaris bulbosa L.; Amoen. Acad., Linnaeus ed. 4: 264 (1759)
= Phalaris cylindrica DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 3: 11 (1805)
= Phalaris sativa Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 78 (1805), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Phalaris subulata Savi; Fl. Pis. 1: 57 (1798)
= Phalaris tenuis Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 2: 27 (1802)
= Phleum bellardii J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 166 (1791)
= Phleum bulbosum (L.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 37 (1890), nom. illeg.
= Phleum mesopotamiae Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 382 (1817), pro syn.
= Phleum pratense var. tenue (Host) Litard.; Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 226: 1337 (1948)
= Phleum subulatum subsp. ciliatum (Boiss.) Humphries; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 339 (1978)
= Phleum subulatum var. ciliatum (Boiss.) Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 3: 548 (1904)
= Phleum tenue (Host) Schrad.; Fl. Germ. [Schrader] 1: 191 (1806)
= Phleum tenue var. ciliatum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 480 (1884)
= Plantinia cylindracea Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 4: 274 (1901), nom. illeg. superfl.
species :
Phleum trabutii (Litard. & Maire) Rivas Mart., A.Asensi, Molero Mesa & F.Valle; Rivasgodaya 6: 50 (1991)
Distribution: Spain; France; Morocco
12 FRA SPA 20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Phleum alpinum subsp. trabutii Litard. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 4: 23 (1924)
= Phleum bertolonii subsp. trabutii (Litard. & Maire) Kerguélen; Fl. Descr. France, Suppl. 5: 545 (1979)
= Phleum pratense subsp. trabutii (Litard. & Maire) Kerguélen; Lejeunia 75: 232 (1975)
species :
Phleum ×brueggeri K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 37 (1890)
Distribution: Switzerland; etc.
11 SWI
Remarks: Phleum alpinum x P. hirsutum
species :
Phleum ×viniklarii Röhl.; Vĕstn. Král. Ceské Společn. Nauk, Tř. Mat.-Přír. 1933(8): 11 (1934)
Distribution: Europe
Error
Remarks: Phleum echinatum x P. pratense
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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