144.0000
Family
Asparagaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 40 (1789), nom. cons., s. l.
ca. 140 genera, ca. 3400 spp. The family is nowadays expanded very much to include all of former Asparagales (from Tecophilaeaceae to Ruscaceae)
Species listed in database: 3509; hybrids: 33
= Agavaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl.: 57, 58 (1829), nom. cons.
= Anemarrhenaceae Conran, M.W.Chase & Rudall; Kew Bull. 52: 995 (1997)
= Anthericaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 27 (1858)
= Aphyllanthaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot.: 421, 1153 (1835), Family
= Aspidistraceae Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor.: 32 (1844)
= Behniaceae Conran, M.W.Chase & Rudall; Kew Bull. 52: 996 (1997)
= Chlorogalaceae Doweld & Reveal; Reveal, Bot. Rev (Lancaster) 71: 53 (2005)
= Convallariaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 53 (1834)
= Dracaenaceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl.: 73 (1866), nom. cons.
= Eriospermaceae Orb.; Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 5: 402 (1845)
= Eucomidaceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl.: 16 (1866)
= Eustrephaceae Chupov; Bot. Zhurn (Moscow & Leningrad) 79(3): 7 (1994)
= Herreriaceae Kunth; Enum. Pl. 5: 290 (1850)
= Hesperocallidaceae Traub; Pl. Life 28: 131 (1972)
= Hostaceae B.Mathew; Kew Bull. 43: 302 (1988)
= Hyacinthaceae Batsch ex Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 315 (1797), Family
= Lachenaliaceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl.: 20 (1866)
= Laxmanniaceae Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 4: 111 (1902), Family
= Lomandraceae Lotsy; Vortr. Bot. Stammesgesch. 3: 761 (1911)
= Nolinaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 226 (1943)
= Ophiopogonaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen., Tab. Diagn. 397, Comm. 308 (1842)
= Ornithogalaceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl.: 33 (1866)
= Peliosanthaceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl.: 63 (1866)
= Polygonataceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl.: 63 (1866)
= Ruscaceae M.Roem.; Handb. Allg. Bot. 3: 446 (1840), nom. cons.
= Sansevieriaceae Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 779 (1936)
= Scillaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 267, 284 (1818)
= Themidaceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl.: 84 (1866), Family
= Tupistraceae Schnizl.; Iconogr. Fam. Regn. Veg. 1: 72 (1846)
= Yuccaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 8 (1858)
144.3204
Genus
Polygonatum Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4 (1754)
Distribution: mostly E-Asia, also North America, temp. Eurasia, S-Himalayas, montane areas of tropical and subtropical China and Indochina
Species listed in database: 78; hybrids: 8
= Axillaria Raf.; Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2: 266 (1818), nom. superfl.
= Campydorum Salisb.; Gen. Pl.: 64 (1866)
= Codomale Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 67 (1840)
= Evallaria Neck.; Elem. Bot. 3: 189 (1790), opus utique oppr.
= Periballanthus Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 524 (1878)
= Salomonia Heist. ex Fabr.; Enum.: 20 (1759)
= Sigillum Montandon; Friche-Joset, Syn. Fl. Jura, ed. 2: 310 (1868)
= Siphyalis Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 17 (1838)
= Troxilanthes Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 67 (1840)
species :
Polygonatum acuminatifolium
Kom.; Izv. Imp. Bot. Sada Petra Velikago 16: 157 (1916)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Hebei, Jilin, ?Liaoning); North Korea; South Korea
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum quinquefolium Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 4: 79 (1940), et J. Jap. Bot. 19: 60 (1943), descr. ampl. et emend.
species :
Polygonatum adnatum
S.Yun Liang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25(1): 65-66, f. 2 (1987)
Distribution: China (S-Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Polygonatum amabile
Yatabe; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 6: 279 (1892)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum lasianthum f. amabile (Yatabe) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17: 115 (1903)
species :
Polygonatum angelicum
Floden; Phytotaxa 236(3): 275 (2015)
Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Polygonatum annamense
Floden; Phytotaxa 197(2): 126 (2015)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Polygonatum arisanense
Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 140 (1920)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
variant :
var. chingshuishanianum
(S.S.Ying) C.T.Chao & Y.H.Tseng; PhytoKeys 117: 112 (2019)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum chingshuishanianum S.S.Ying; Mem. Coll. Agric. Nation. Taiwan Univ. 28(2): 42 (1988)
variant :
var. formosanum
(Hayata) C.T.Chao & Y.H.Tseng; PhytoKeys 117: 112 (2019)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum formosanum (Hayata) Masam. & Simada; Short Fl. Formosa: 271 (1936)
= Polygonatum officinale var. formosanum Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 140-141 (1920)
species :
Polygonatum autumnale
Floden; Phytotaxa 236(3): 273 (2015)
Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Polygonatum biflorum
(Walter) Elliott; Sketch 1: 393 (1817)
Name: Smooth Solomon´s seal (EN)
Distribution: Canada (Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming)
71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Convallaria angustifolia (Pursh) Poir.; Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 5: 737 (1817)
= Convallaria biflora Walter; Fl. Carol. 122 (1788)
= Convallaria canaliculata Willd.; Enum. Hort. Berol. 45 (1809)
= Polygonatum angustifolium Pursh; Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 234 (1813)
= Polygonatum biflorum f. ramosum (McGivney) Fernald; Rhodora 46: 12 (1944)
= Polygonatum biflorum subvar. ellipsoidale Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 78 (1928)
= Polygonatum biflorum var. giganteum (A.Dietr.) Alph.Wood; Amer. Bot. Fl. 1870: 346 (1870)
= Polygonatum biflorum var. virginicum (Greene) Farw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 254 (1915)
= Polygonatum canaliculatum (Willd.) Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 234 (1813)
= Polygonatum canaliculatum f. foliatum (H.M.Clarke) J.W.Moore; Rhodora 52: 56 (1950)
= Polygonatum canaliculatum f. ramosum (McGivney) Clute; Amer. Bot. (Binghamton) 49: 73 (1943)
= Polygonatum canaliculatum subvar. ellipticum (Farw.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 78 (1928)
= Polygonatum canaliculatum var. americanum (Hook.) Farw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 256 (1915)
= Polygonatum canaliculatum var. giganteum (A.Dietr.) Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugdano-Batavi 3: 148 (1867)
= Polygonatum canaliculatum var. oblongifolium Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 22: 181 (1921)
= Polygonatum canaliculatum var. rotundifolium J.W.Moore; Rhodora 52: 55 (1950)
= Polygonatum cobrense (Wooton & Standl.) R.R.Gates; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 126 (1917)
= Polygonatum ellipticum Farw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 255 (1915)
= Polygonatum giganteum A.Dietr.; Otto & A. Dietr., Allg. Gartenz. 3: 222 (1835)
= Polygonatum hebetifolium (R.R.Gates) Bush; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 10: 391 (1927)
= Polygonatum latifolium Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 235 (1813), nom. illeg.
= Polygonatum multiflorum var. americanum Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 176 (1839)
= Polygonatum multiflorum var. biflorum (Walter) Alph.Wood; Class-book Bot.: 296 (1845)
= Polygonatum multiflorum var. canaliculatum (Willd.) Alph.Wood; Class-book Bot.: 396 (1845)
= Polygonatum parviflorum A.Dietr.; Allg. Gartenzeitung 3: 222 (1835)
= Polygonatum virginicum Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 181 (1906)
= Salomonia biflora (Walter) Britton; Man. Fl. N. States: 273 (1901)
= Salomonia cobrensis Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 113 (1913)
= Sigillaria angustifolia (Pursh) Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 68 (1840)
= Sigillaria biflora (Walter) Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 68 (1840)
= Sigillaria canaliculata (Willd.) Raf.; Autikon Bot. 68 (1840)
= Sigillaria elliptica Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 68 (1840)
variant :
var. commutatum
(Schult. & Schult.f.) Morong; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20: 480 (1893)
Distribution: Canada (Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming)
71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Convallaria commutata Schult. & Schult.f.; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 7: 1671 (1820)
= Polygonatum biflorum var. ovatum Farw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 255 (1915)
= Polygonatum canaliculatum var. ovatum (Farw.) E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 503 (1935)
= Polygonatum commutatum (Schult. & Schult.f.) A.Dietr.; Otto & A. Dietr., Allg. Gartenz. 3: 223 (1835)
= Polygonatum commutatum f. foliatum H.M.Clarke; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 39: 762 (1948)
= Polygonatum commutatum f. ramosum McGivney; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 9: 664 (1925)
= Polygonatum commutatum var. lineamentosum Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 5: 94 (1917)
= Polygonatum commutatum var. ovatum (Farw.) R.R.Gates; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 124 (1917)
= Polygonatum commutatum var. virginicum (Greene) R.R.Gates; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 123 (1917)
= Polygonatum latifolium var. commutatum (Schult. & Schult.f.) Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 555 (1875)
= Polygonatum ovatum (Farw.) Bush; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 10: 397 (1927)
= Salomonia commutata (Schult. & Schult.f.) Britton; Man. Fl. N. States: 273 (1901)
variant :
var. hebetifolium
R.R.Gates; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 121 (1917)
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
variant :
var. melleum
(Farw.) Ownbey; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 31: 399 (1944)
Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Michigan)
72 CDN 75 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum melleum Farw.; Mich. Acad. Sci. Rep. 20: 170 (1918 publ. 1919)
variant :
var. necopinum
Ownbey; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 31: 401 (1944)
Distribution: USA (South Dakota)
74 USA
species :
Polygonatum bifolium
Floden & K.Armstr.; Novon 31(1): 170 (2023)
Distribution: Myanmar
41 MYA
species :
Polygonatum binatifolium
S.R.Yi & H.X.Zhu; Phytotaxa 549(2): 248 (2022)
Distribution: China (Guizhou)
36 CHI
species :
Polygonatum brevistylum
Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. Bot. 14: 556 (1875)
Distribution: Nepal; N-India (Sikkim, Darjeeling)
40 IND NEP
species :
Polygonatum campanulatum
G.W.Hu; Phytotaxa 236(1): 94 (2015)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Polygonatum cathcartii
Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. Bot. 14: 559 (1875)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; NE-India (Nagaland, Sikkim)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
species :
Polygonatum caulialatum
S.R.Yi; Phytotaxa 513(1): 55 (2021)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Polygonatum cirrhifolium
(Wall.) Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: 380 (1839)
Distribution: China (Henan, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim); Myanmar (Kachin)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Convallaria cirrhifolia Wall.; Asiat. Res. 13: 382, pl. s. n. (1820)
= Convallaria cirrhosa Griff.; Itin. Pl. Khasyah Mts.: 191 (1848)
= Polygonatum bulbosum H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11(286-290): 302 (1912)
= Polygonatum cirrhifoliodes D.M.Liu & W.Z.Zeng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 6(2): 91, photo 1 (1986)
= Polygonatum fargesii Hua; J. Bot. (Morot) 6(23): 446-447 (1892)
= Polygonatum fuscum Hua; J. Bot. (Morot) 6(23): 444-445 (1892)
= Polygonatum lebrunii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(341-345): 536 (1913)
= Polygonatum mairei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 384 (1909)
= Polygonatum souliei Hua; J. Bot. (Morot) 6(22): 427-428 (1892)
= Polygonatum strumulosum D.M.Liu & W.Z.Zeng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 6(2): 92, photo 2 (1986)
= Polygonatum trinerve Hua; J. Bot. (Morot) 6(23): 445-446 (1892)
species :
Polygonatum costatum
Floden; Phytotaxa 236(3): 279 (2015)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
species :
Polygonatum cryptanthum
H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 282 (1908)
Distribution: South Korea
38 KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum fauriei Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 282 (1908)
species :
Polygonatum curvistylum
Hua; J. Bot. (Morot) 6(22): 424 (1892)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); Nepal; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)
36 CHI 40 IND NEP
species :
Polygonatum cyrtonema
Hua; J. Bot. (Morot) 6(19): 393-394 (1892)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang); Taiwan
36 CHI 38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum brachynema Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(5): 1208-1209 (1936)
= Polygonatum henryi Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(2): 247 (1900)
= Polygonatum martini H.Lév.; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 12: 262 (1903)
= Polygonatum multiflorum var. longifolium Merr.; Lingnan Sci. J. 7: 299 (1929 publ. 1931)
species :
Polygonatum daminense
H.J.Yang & D.F.Cui; Phytotaxa 449(3): 290 (2020)
Distribution: China (Zhejiang)
36 CHI
species :
Polygonatum falcatum
A.Gray; Mem. Amer. Acad. N. S. 6: 1858 (1859) 414
Distribution: South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan
38 JAP KOR TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum canaliculatum var. sublanceolatum Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugdano-Batavi 3: 148 (1867)
= Polygonatum falcatum f. robustum Makino; Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 2, 450 (1910)
= Polygonatum falcatum var. tenuiflorum (Koidz.) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 68 (1953)
= Polygonatum giganteum var. falcatum (A.Gray) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Saint-Pétersbourg 29: 210 (1883)
= Polygonatum kiotense N.Yonez.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 49: 19 (1998)
= Polygonatum stenanthum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 34 (1913)
= Polygonatum tenuiflorum Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33: 112 (1919)
= Polygonatum umbellatum H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 495 (1913), nom. illeg.
variant :
var. hyugaense
Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 32: 164 (1957)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)
38 JAP
variant :
var. trichosanthum
(Koidz.) M.N.Tamura; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 59: 26 (2008)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl. (Amami-gunto)
38 JAP NNS
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum trichosanthum Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33: 112 (1919)
species :
Polygonatum filipes
Merr. ex C.Jeffrey & McEwan; Kew Bull. 34(3): 445 (1980)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum sinopubescens M.T.An, Yun Lin & Jia G.Wang; Bangladesh J. Pl. Taxon. 23: 7 (2016)
species :
Polygonatum franchetii
Hua; J. Bot. (Morot) 6(19): 392-393 (1892)
Distribution: China (Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Polygonatum geminiflorum
Decne.; Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 170. t. 170 (1844)
Distribution: Pakistan (Kurram, Chitral, Swat); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)
40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum ciliatum Royle; Illustr. Bot. Himal. 380 (1839)
species :
Polygonatum glaberrimum
K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 266 (1850)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia, Imereti, Kartli, Kakheti); Armenia; Azerbaijan; NE-Turkey; NW-Iran
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum mischtschenkoanum Greuter; O. P. T. I. M. A. Newslett. 36: 17 (2002)
= Polygonatum odoratum subsp. glaberrimum (K.Koch) Elenevsky & Zernov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 25 (2000)
= Polygonatum ovatum Miscz. ex Tamanian; Fl. Armenii 10: 269 (2001), nom. illeg.
= Polygonatum pruinosum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 332 (1882)
species :
Polygonatum gongshanense
L.H.Zhao & X.J.He; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 51(5): 333 (2014)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum dolichocarpum M.N.Tamura, Fuse & Y.P.Yang; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 65(3): 159 (2014)
species :
Polygonatum govanianum
Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts.: 380 (1839)
Distribution: NE-Pakistan; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND PAK
species :
Polygonatum graminifolium
Hook.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 9: t. 833 (1851)
Distribution: NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND
species :
Polygonatum grandicaule
Y.S.Kim, B.U.Oh & C.G.Yang; Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 28(1): 42 (1998)
Distribution: South Korea
38 KOR
species :
Polygonatum griffithii
Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 558 (1875)
Distribution: Tibet; Nepal; N-India (Sikkim)
36 TIB 40 IND NEP
species :
Polygonatum hirtellum
Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(5): 1209-1210, f. 34, 1 (1936)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, S-Gansu, ?S-Shaanxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum alternicirrhosum var. piliferum P.Y.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11(3): 252 (1966)
species :
Polygonatum hookeri
Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. Bot. 14: 558 (1875)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Chumbi)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum pumilum Hua; J. Bot. (Morot) 6(22): 423 (1892)
species :
Polygonatum humile
Fisch. ex Maxim.; Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg Divers Savans 9: 275 (1859)
Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu)
30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum humile f. humillimum (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 349 (2004), et (2017)
= Polygonatum humile var. humillimum (Nakai) Y.N.Lee; Fl. Korea: 1163 (1996)
= Polygonatum humillimum Nakai; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 248 (1914)
= Polygonatum officinale var. humile (Fisch. ex Maxim.) Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14(80): 554 (1875)
species :
Polygonatum hunanense
H.H.Liu & B.Z.Wang; Zuowu Yanjiu [Crop Res.] 35(1): 91 (2021)
Distribution: China (Hunan)
36 CHI
species :
Polygonatum inflatum
Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 18(3): 442-443 (1901)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Kyushu)
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum inflatum var. rotundifolium Hatus.; Bull. Kyushu Univ. Forests 5: 232 (1934)
= Polygonatum nipponicum Makino; Bot. Mag. Tokyo 17: 51 (1903)
= Polygonatum virens Nakai; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 247 (1914)
species :
Polygonatum infundiflorum
Y.S.Kim, B.U.Oh & C.G.Jang; Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 28: 210 (1998)
Distribution: South Korea
38 KOR
species :
Polygonatum involucratum
(Franch. & Sav.) Maxim.; Melanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 11: 844-845 (1883)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Periballanthus involucratus Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 524 (1878)
= Polygonatum ibukiense (Makino) Makino; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 21: 139 (1907)
= Polygonatum nakaianum Ishid.; Claves Pl. Chin. Bor.-Or. 582 (1959)
= Polygonatum periballanthus Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 12: 228 (1898), nom. illeg.
= Polygonatum periballanthus var. ibukiense Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 12: 228 (1898)
= Polygonatum platyphyllum Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 4: 318 (1890)
species :
Polygonatum jinzhaiense
D.C.Zhang & J.Z.Shao; Guihaia 20(1): 34 (2000)
Distribution: China (Anhui)
36 CHI
species :
Polygonatum kingianum
Collett & Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 28(189-191): 138, pl. 21 (1890)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan); Myanmar (Shan); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam
36 CHI 41 LAO MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum agglutinatum Hua; J. Bot. (Morot) 6(23): 448-449 (1892)
= Polygonatum cavaleriei H.Lév.; Mem. Pontif. Accad. Romana Nuovi Lincei 24: 345 (1906)
= Polygonatum darrisii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(341-345): 536 (1913)
= Polygonatum ericoideum H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7(152-156): 384 (1909)
= Polygonatum esquirolii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 59 (1910)
= Polygonatum huanum H.Lév.; Nouv. Contrib. Liliac. etc. Chine 11 (1906)
= Polygonatum kingianum var. cavaleriei (H.Lév.) C.Jeffrey; Kew Bull. 34(3): 464 (1980)
= Polygonatum kingianum var. ericoideum (H.Lév.) C.Jeffrey; Kew Bull. 34(3): 464 (1980)
= Polygonatum kingianum var. grandifolium D.M.Liu & W.Z.Zeng; Fl. Sichuanica 7: 230 (1991)
= Polygonatum kingianum var. uncinatum (Diels) C.Jeffrey & McEwan; Kew Bull. 34: 464 (1980)
= Polygonatum uncinatum Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5(25): 297-298 (1912)
= Polygonatum vietnamicum L.I.Abramova; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 23: 47 (1986)
species :
Polygonatum lasianthum
Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Petersb. 29: 209 (1883)
Distribution: North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum lasianthum f. variegatum H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 20: 96 (1943)
= Polygonatum lasianthum var. coreanum Nakai; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 247 (1914)
= Polygonatum petiolatum H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 33 (1912)
= Polygonatum taquetii H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 282 (1908)
species :
Polygonatum latifolium
(Jacq.) Desf.; Ann. Mus. Par. 9: 50 (1807), nom. cons.
Name: Breitblättrige Weißwurz (DE), Broadleaf Solomon´s seal (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; ?North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (rare N-Greece, south to Mt. Olimbos); European Turkey; S-European Russia; C-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); USA [I] (Massachusetts [I], New Hampshire [I], New York [I], Vermont [I])
11 AUT ger HUN SLO 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 KRY RUS UKR 34 TUR 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Convallaria gigantea Kunth; Enum. Pl. 5: 136 (1850)
= Convallaria hirta Bosc ex Poir.; Lam., Encycl 4: 369 (1797)
= Convallaria latifolia Jacq.; Fl. Austr. 3: 18. t. 232 (1775) [non Mill. (1768)]
= Convallaria thunbergii Steud.; Nom. ed. II. 1: 406 (1840)
= Polygonatum canaliculatum Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 148 (1867), nom. illeg.
= Polygonatum hirtum (Bosc ex Poir.) Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 234 (1813)
= Polygonatum latifolium f. majus Zapal.; 98 (1906)
= Polygonatum latifolium f. variegatum Cheshm. & Delip.; God. Sofiisk. Univ. "Kliment Okhridski" Biol. Fak. 2, Bot. 88(4): 72 (1997)
= Polygonatum skorpili Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1893: 61 (1893)
= Sigillaria hirta (Bosc ex Poir.) Raf.; Autikon Bot. 67 (1840)
species :
Polygonatum leiboense
S.C.Chen & D.Q.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(5): 417-418, f. 1 (1984)
Distribution: China (S-Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Polygonatum longistylum
Y.Wan & C.Z.Gao; Guihaia 10(3): 177-178, f. 2 (1990)
Distribution: China (W-Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Polygonatum luteoverrucosum
Floden; Phytotaxa 236(3): 276 (2015)
Distribution: Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh)
36 TIB 40 IND
species :
Polygonatum macranthum
(Maxim.) Koidz.; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 33: 111; (1919)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum giganteum var. macranthum Maxim.; Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 11: 852 (1883)
= Polygonatum iyoense Nakai ex F.Maek.; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 46: 584 (1932)
= Polygonatum sadoense Nakai ex Koidz.; Fl. Symb. Or.-Asiat. 34 (1930)
= Polygonatum silvicola Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 3: 26 (1926)
species :
Polygonatum macropodum
Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 205 (1832)
Distribution: China (Hebei, Liaoning, ?Nei Mongol, Shandong, Shanxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Convallaria umbellata Bunge ex Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 553 (1875)
= Polygonatum umbellatum Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14(80): 553-554 (1875)
species :
Polygonatum megaphyllum
P.Y.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11(3): 252 (1966)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Polygonatum mengtzense
F.T.Wang & Tang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 7(2): 84 (1936)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Yunnan); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum mengtzense f. tonkinense J.M.H.Shaw, Wynn-Jones & V.D.Nguyen; Lilies Related Pl. 2013-2014: 33 (2013)
species :
Polygonatum multiflorum
(L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 131 (1785)
Name: Vielblütige Weißwurz (DE)
Distribution: England; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; France; Channel Isl. [I]; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (scattered N- & C-Greece, W-Peloponnisos); European Turkey; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; E-European Russia; W-European Russia; C-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Pakistan (Swat, Kurram); NW-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand); Myanmar; Canada [I] (Ontario [I], Québec [I])
10 DEN FIN GRB NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 cis FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 32 KAZ 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR 40 IND PAK 41 MYA 72 cdn
Synonyms: hidden
= Convallaria ambigua Schrank; Baier. Fl. 1: 606 (1789)
= Convallaria bracteata E.Thomas ex Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 531 (1828), pro syn.
= Convallaria govaniana Wall.; Numer. List: no. 5137 (1831), nom. nud.
= Convallaria multiflora L.; Sp. Pl. 315 (1753)
= Convallaria multiflora var. ambigua Des Moul.; Suppl. Cat. Rais. Pl. Dordogne: 274 (1846)
= Convallaria multiflora var. bracteata Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 530 (1828)
= Convallaria multiflora var. latifolia DC.; Lam. & A. DC., Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 6: 309 (1815)
= Convallaria multiflora var. major Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 530 (1828)
= Convallaria multiflora var. obtusifolia Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 100 (1830)
= Convallaria multiflora var. ramosa Döll; Fl. Baden: 285 (1855)
= Polygonatum ambiguum (Des Moul.) B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew., Suppl. 4: 187 (1913), nom. illeg.
= Polygonatum bracteatum (Gaudin) G.Don; Loudon, Hort. Brit.: 131 (1830)
= Polygonatum intermedium Dumort.; Fl. Belg. Prod. 138 (1827)
= Polygonatum multiflorum proles ambiguum (Des Moul.) Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 12: 445 (1910)
= Polygonatum multiflorum f. bracteatum (Gaudin) Fernald & S.K.Harris; Rhodora 35: 404 (1933)
= Polygonatum multiflorum f. ramosum (Döll) Fernald & S.K.Harris; Rhodora 35: 404 (1933)
= Polygonatum multiflorum subsp. bracteatum (Gaudin) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 232 (1890)
= Polygonatum multiflorum subsp. intermedium (Boreau) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 232 (1890)
= Polygonatum multiflorum var. bracteatum (B.Thomas) Kunth; Enum. Pl. 5: 139 (1850)
= Polygonatum multiflorum var. humile Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 188 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Polygonatum multiflorum var. latifolium Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 188 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Polygonatum multiflorum var. latifolium Kunth; Enum. Pl. 5: 139 (1850), nom. illeg.
= Polygonatum multiflorum var. minus Zapal.; 99 (1906)
= Polygonatum multiflorum var. obtusifolium Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. 1: 327 (1827)
= Polygonatum multiflorum var. ovatum Lej. & Courtois; Comp. Fl. Belg. 1: 9 (1831)
= Polygonatum multiflorum var. ramosum (Döll) Geisenh.; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 11: 152 (1891)
= Polygonatum multiflorum var. rotundifolium Dethard.; 30 (1828)
= Polygonatum multiflorum var. subremotum Zapal.; 98 (1906)
= Polygonatum salamonis Montandon; Friche-Joset, Syn. Fl. Jura, ed. 2: 311 (1868)
species :
Polygonatum nervulosum
Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 557 (1875)
Distribution: Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim); Myanmar
40 BHU IND 41 MYA
species :
Polygonatum nodosum
Hua; J. Bot. (Morot) 6(19): 394-395 (1892)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Guangxi, Hubei, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Polygonatum odoratum
(Mill.) Druce; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1906: 226 (1906)
Name: Duftende Weißwurz, Salomonssiegel (DE)
Distribution: England; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, +Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (N-Greece south to Mt. Ossa, Athos); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; China (Anhui, Gansu, Guangxi, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shandong, Shanxi); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; Vietnam [I]
10 DEN FIN GRB NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO COR FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 MOR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 41 vie
Synonyms: hidden
= Convallaria angulosa Lam.; Fl. Franç. 3: 268 (1779)
= Convallaria broteri Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 1: 416 (1843)
= Convallaria compressa Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2 (Steud.) 1: 406 (1840)
= Convallaria obtusifolia Günther ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 406 (1840)
= Convallaria odorata Mill.; Gard. Dict. (ed. 8) Convallaria no. 4 (1768)
= Convallaria parviflora Poir.; Encycl. Suppl. 4: 29 (1816)
= Convallaria polygonata St.-Lag.; A. Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8, 2: 768 (1889), orth. var.
= Convallaria polygonatum f. attenuata Borbás; Math. Term. Közlem. 15: 358 (1878)
= Convallaria polygonatum L.; Sp. Pl. 1: 315 (1753)
= Convallaria rupestris Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 254 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Evallaria polygonatum (L.) Neck.; Elem. Bot. 3: 189 (1790), opus utique oppr.
= Polygonatum ambiguum Link; Neues J. Bot. 1(3): 146 (1806)
= Polygonatum ambiguum Link ex Schult. & Schult.f.; Syst. Veg. 7: 299 (1829)
= Polygonatum anceps Moench; Meth. 637 (1794)
= Polygonatum angulosum Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 4: 117 (1902), nom. illeg.
= Polygonatum angulosum Montandon; Friche-Joset, Syn. Fl. Jura, ed. 2: 311 (1868)
= Polygonatum gussonei Parl.; Fl. Ital. 3: 44 (1858)
= Polygonatum intermedium Boreau; 615 (1857) non Dumort.
= Polygonatum langyaense D.C.Zhang & J.Z.Shao; Guihaia 12(2): 101-102, f. 2 (1992)
= Polygonatum multiflorum subsp. broteri (Guss.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 232 (1890)
= Polygonatum multiflorum var. broteri (Guss.) Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 555 (1875)
= Polygonatum obtusifolium Weinm.; Elench. Pl. Hort. Pawlowsk.: 175 (1824)
= Polygonatum odoratum f. attenuatum (Borbás) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 16(3-4): 365 (1970 publ. 1971)
= Polygonatum odoratum f. ovalifolium Y.C.Chu; Nat. Resources 2: 4 (1979)
= Polygonatum odoratum f. variegatum Y.N.Lee ex F.M.Vázquez & S.Ramos; Acta Bot. Malac. 30: 172 (2005)
= Polygonatum odoratum var. ambiguum (Link) J.F.Macbr.; Contr. Gray Herb. 56: 19 (1918)
= Polygonatum odoratum var. triploideum Ameljcz. & Malachova; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 90(5): 750 (2005)
= Polygonatum officinale All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 131 (1785)
= Polygonatum officinale f. ambiguum (Link ex Asch.) Vollm.; 151 (1914)
= Polygonatum officinale f. latifolium Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 32: 70 (1906)
= Polygonatum officinale var. ambiguum (Link) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 717 (1882)
= Polygonatum officinale var. angustifolium Zapal.; 97 (1906)
= Polygonatum officinale var. papillosum Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 7: 110 (1884)
= Polygonatum polygonatum (L.) F.A.Jirasek; Syst. 7: 299 (1829), nom. inval.
= Polygonatum polygonatum (L.) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 1069 (1895), nom. inval.
= Polygonatum polygonatum Jirasek ex Schult. & Schult.f.; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 7: 299 (1829), nom. inval.
= Polygonatum sigillum Druce; List Brit. Pl.: 69 (1908), nom. superfl.
= Polygonatum simizui Kitag.; J. Jap. Bot. 22(10-12): 176-177 (1948)
= Polygonatum uniflorum Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 463 (1792), opus utique oppr.
= Polygonatum vulgare Desf.; Ann. Mus. Par. 9: 49 (1807)
= Polygonatum vulgare var. biflorum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 188 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Polygonatum vulgare var. bracteosa Merino; Fl. Galicia 3: 38 (1909)
variant :
var. maximowiczii
(F.Schmidt) Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33: 111 (1919)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye, Sakhalin, Kuril Isl.); Japan (Hokkaido)
31 RFE 38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum hondoense Nakai ex Koidz.; Fl. Symb. Or.-Asiat. 34 (1930)
= Polygonatum japonicum var. maximowiczii (F.Schmidt) Nakai
= Polygonatum maximowiczii F.Schmidt; Reis. Amur-Land., Bot. 185 (1868)
= Polygonatum maximowiczii var. ramosum Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 65(769-770): 169 (1952)
= Polygonatum officinale var. maximowiczii (F.Schmidt) Maxim.; Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 11: 847 (1883)
= Polygonatum thunbergii var. maximowiczii (F.Schmidt) Nakai; Rep. Veg. Daisetsu Mts. 27 (1930)
variant :
var. pluriflorum
(Miq.) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 26: 7 (1949)
Distribution: South Korea (Cheju Isl.); Japan
38 JAP KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum japonicum var. variegatum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 299 (1924)
= Polygonatum odoratum var. macranthum (Hook.f.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 6: 395 (1892)
= Polygonatum odoratum var. quelpaertense (Ohwi) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 20: 99 (1943)
= Polygonatum officinale var. macranthum (Hook.f.) Hua; J. Bot. (Morot) 6: 395 (1892)
= Polygonatum officinale var. pluriflorum Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugdano-Batavi 3: 148 (1867)
= Polygonatum planifilum Kitag. & Hir.Takah.bis; J. Jap. Bot., 46(10): 307 (1971)
= Polygonatum quelpaertense Ohwi; J. Jap. Bot. 13: 443 (1937)
= Polygonatum vulgare var. macranthum Hook.f.; Bot. Mag. 100: t. 6133 (1874)
variant :
var. thunbergii
(C.Morren & Decne.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 20: 98 (1943)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum giganteum var. thunbergii (C.Morren & Decne.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Saint-Pétersbourg 29: 210 (1883)
= Polygonatum japonicum C.Morren & Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. II. 2: 311 (1834)
= Polygonatum odoratum var. japonicum (C.Morren & Decne.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 20: 98 (1943)
= Polygonatum officinale var. japonicum (C.Morren & Decne.) Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugdano-Batavi 3: 148 (1867)
= Polygonatum thunbergii C.Morren & Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, 2: 312 (1834)
= Polygonatum vulgare var. japonicum (C.Morren & Decne.) Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 54 (1877)
species :
Polygonatum omeiense
Z.Y.Zhu; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 12(3): 267-269, f. s. n. (1992)
Distribution: China (C-Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Polygonatum oppositifolium
(Wall.) Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: 380 (1839)
Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim)
36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Convallaria oppositifolia Wall.; Asiat. Res. 13: 380 (1820)
= Polygonatum oppositifolium var. albovittatum Standish ex J.J.Blandy; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 2: 363 (1862)
= Siphyalis nitida Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 17 (1836)
variant :
var. decipiens
Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 559 (1875)
Distribution: India (Meghalaya, Sikkim)
40 IND
species :
Polygonatum orientale
Desf.; Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 9: 50 (1807)
Distribution: Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, NW-Iran: Iranian Azerbaijan); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains)
14 KRY 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Convallaria orientalis (Desf.) Poir.; Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 4: 30 (1816)
= Convallaria polyanthema M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur. Caucasus 3: 272 (1819)
= Polygonatum cilicicum Schott ex Kotschy; Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 7: 205 (1857)
= Polygonatum obtusifolium Miscz. ex Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza 1: 241 (1928), nom. illeg.
= Polygonatum polyanthemum (M.Bieb.) Link; Handb. 1: 18 (1829)
species :
Polygonatum praecox
Y.F.Hu & J.W.Shao; PhytoKeys 211: 132, figs. 1-6 (2022)
Distribution: China (Anhui)
36 CHI
species :
Polygonatum prattii
Baker; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 23(1): pl. 2217 (1892)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); India (Arunachal Pradesh)
36 CHI 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum delavayi Hua; J. Bot. (Morot) 6(22): 422-423 (1892)
= Polygonatum gentilianum H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325-330): 287 (1913)
species :
Polygonatum pubescens
(Willd.) Pursh; Fl. Am. Sept. 1: 234 (1814)
Name: Hairy Solomon´s seal, sceau-de-Salomon pubescent
Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec); USA (Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Convallaria pubescens Willd.; Hort. Berol. 1: 45 (1804)
= Polygonatum boreale Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 181 (1906)
= Polygonatum boreale var. australe Farw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 254 (1915)
= Polygonatum boreale var. multflorum Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 170 (1918)
= Polygonatum cuneatum Greene; Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 181 (1906)
= Polygonatum farwellii Bush; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 10: 390 (1927)
= Polygonatum multiflorum var. pubescens (Willd.) Alph.Wood; Class-book Bot.: 396 (1845)
= Polygonatum pubescens f. cuneatum (Greene) Vict.; Contr. Lab. Bot. Univ. Montréal 14: 28 (1929)
= Polygonatum pubescens f. fultius Fernald & S.K.Harris; Rhodora 35: 404 (1933)
= Polygonatum pubescens subvar. australe (Farw.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 77 (1928)
= Polygonatum pubescens var. australe (Farw.) R.R.Gates; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 119 (1917)
= Polygonatum pubescens var. boreale (Greene) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 76 (1928)
= Polygonatum pubescens var. cuneatum (Greene) Farw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 253 (1915)
= Polygonatum pubescens var. multiflorum (Farw.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 77 (1928)
= Sigillaria pubescens (Willd.) Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 85 (1830)
species :
Polygonatum punctatum
Royle; [Ill. Bot. Himal. 1: 380 (1839), nom. nud.] ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 142 (1850)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim); Myanmar (Kachin); Thailand; Vietnam
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Convallaria punctata Wall.; Numer. List. 179, n. 5133 (1832), nom. nud.
species :
Polygonatum qinghaiense
Z.L.Wu & Y.C.Yang; Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 25(10): 2088 (2005)
Distribution: China (Qinghai)
36 CHI
species :
Polygonatum robustum
(Korsh.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 31: 282 (1917)
Distribution: North Korea; South Korea
38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum officinale f. robustum Korsh.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 12: 401 (1892)
species :
Polygonatum roseum
(Ledeb.) Kunth; Enum. Pl. 5: 144 (1850)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang)
30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Convallaria rosea Ledeb.; Icon. Pl. 3: pl. 1 (1829)
species :
Polygonatum sewerzowii
Regel; Bull. Soc. Nat Moscou 12 2: 436 (1868)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Kabul, Parwan)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum aflatunense B.Fedtsch.; Rastit. Turkest.: 255 (1915)
= Polygonatum haussknechtii Bornm. & Sint.; Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f., 18: 52 (1901), as ´hausknechtii´
= Polygonatum haussknechtii var. stenophyllum Bornm. & Sint.; Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f., 18: 52 (1903)
species :
Polygonatum sibiricum
F.Delaroche ex Redouté; Liliac. 6: pl. 315 (1812)
Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita); China (Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Nepal; Bhutan
30 SIB 36 CHI 37 MON 38 KOR NKO 40 BHU NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Convallaria sibirica (F.Delaroche) Ker; J. Sci. Arts 1: 182 (1816)
= Polygonatum chinense Kunth; Enum. Pl. 5: 146 (1850)
species :
Polygonatum singalilense
H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 40: 102 (1965)
Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan; India (Sikkim, West Bengal)
40 BHU IND NEP
species :
Polygonatum sparsifolium
F.T.Wang & Tang; Fl. Hubeiensis 4: 511 (2002)
Distribution: China
36 CHI
species :
Polygonatum stenophyllum
Maxim.; Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg Divers Savans 9: 274 (1859)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, North Korea, South Korea, ?Hebei, ?Nei Mongol)
31 RFE 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum verticillatum var. stenophyllum (Maxim.) Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 561 (1875)
species :
Polygonatum stewartianum
Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5(25): 298 (1912)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum kalapanum Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(5): 1210, f. 34, 2 (1936)
species :
Polygonatum tessellatum
F.T.Wang & Tang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 7(2): 85 (1936)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, W-Yunnan); Myanmar (Kachin); Thailand
36 CHI 41 MYA THA
species :
Polygonatum tsinlingense
Tsui; Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 6(3): 135 (1949)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum gracile P.Y.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11(3): 252-253 (1966)
species :
Polygonatum tungnathense
Ankit Singh, Harsh Singh & M.C.Nautiyal; Phytotaxa 554(2): 164 (2022)
Distribution: India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand)
40 IND
species :
Polygonatum undulatifolium
Floden; Phytotaxa 374(3): 275 (2018)
Distribution: SE-Tibet; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)
36 TIB 40 IND
species :
Polygonatum urceolatum
(J.M.H.Shaw) Floden; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 51(1-2): 112 (2014)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Heteropolygonatum urceolatum J.M.H.Shaw; Plantsman n. s. 9(3): 174 (2010)
species :
Polygonatum verticillatum
(L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 131 (1785)
Name: Quirlblättrige Weißwurz (DE)
Distribution: England; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hessen [I], +Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; Andorra; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of N-Greece); Latvia; Lithuania; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Pakistan (Kurram, Chitral, Gilgit, Baltistan); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Uttarakhand)
10 DEN GRB NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 LAT LIT 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG TUR 36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Campydorum verticillatum (L.) Salisb.; Gen. Pl.: 64 (1866), nom. inval.
= Convallaria leptophylla D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 47 (1825)
= Convallaria stellifolia Peterm.; Flora 27: 363 (1844)
= Convallaria verticillata L.; Sp. Pl.: 315 (1753)
= Evallaria verticillata (L.) Neck.; Elem. Bot. 3: 189 (1790), opus utique oppr.
= Polygonatum angustifolium Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 4: 117 (1902), nom. illeg.
= Polygonatum erythrocarpum Hua; J. Bot. (Morot) 6(22): 424-426 (1892)
= Polygonatum jacquemontianum Kunth; Enum. Pl. 5: 143 (1850)
= Polygonatum kansuense Maxim. ex Batalin; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 11(2): 493-494 (1891)
= Polygonatum leptophyllum (D.Don) Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts.: 380 (1839)
= Polygonatum macrophyllum Sweet; Hort. Brit. ed. I. 415 (1826)
= Polygonatum minutiflorum H.Lév.; Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. 25: 38 (1915)
= Polygonatum roseum Hook.; Bot. Mag. 84: t. 5049 (1858), nom. illeg.
= Polygonatum verticillatum f. alternifolium Hyl.; 115 (1945)
= Polygonatum verticillatum f. hirtulum Zapal.; 99 (1906)
= Polygonatum verticillatum f. intermedium Zapal.; 99 (1906)
= Polygonatum verticillatum f. microphyllum Bolzon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1909: 69 (1909)
= Polygonatum verticillatum f. proliferum Fridtz ex Faegri; 274 (1931)
= Polygonatum verticillatum subsp. stellifolium (Peterm.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 233 (1890)
= Polygonatum verticillatum var. angustifolium Kabath; 87 (1846)
= Polygonatum verticillatum var. gracile Baker ex Aitch.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 103 (1880)
= Polygonatum verticillatum var. leptophyllum (D.Don) Zapal.; 99 (1906)
= Polygonatum verticillatum var. stellifolium (Peterm.) Hegi; 273 (1909)
= Sigillum verticillatum (L.) Montandon; F. Friche-Joset, Syn. Fl. Jura, ed. 2: 310 (1868)
= Troxilanthes angustifolia Raf.; Autik. Bot.: 67 (1840)
species :
Polygonatum wardii
F.T.Wang & Tang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 7: 284 (1937)
Distribution: Tibet; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)
36 TIB 40 IND
species :
Polygonatum yunnanense
H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 168 (1916)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum leveilleanum Fedde; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28(764-770): 239 (1930)
= Polygonatum mairei Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 302 (1912) [non Lév. (1908)]
species :
Polygonatum zanlanscianense
Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 22(2): 267 (1915)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, ?Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum anhuiense D.C.Zhang & J.Z.Shao; Guihaia 12(2): 99, f. 1 (1992)
= Polygonatum kungii F.T.Wang & Tang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 7: 285 (1937)
species :
Polygonatum zhejiangense
X.J.Xue & H.Yao; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 14(3): 241-242, f. 1 (1994)
Distribution: China (Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Remarks: status doubtful
species :
Polygonatum ×azegamii
(Ohwi) M.N.Tamura; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 59(1): 28 (2008)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
Remarks: Polygonatum falcatum x involucratum
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum desoulavyi var. azegamii Ohwi; Fl. Jap., rev. ed.: 1439 (1965)
species :
Polygonatum ×buschianum
Tzvelev; Fl. Evropeiskoi Chasti S.S.S.R. 4: 260 (1979)
Distribution: Crimea
14 KRY
species :
Polygonatum ×desoulavyi
Kom.; Kom. & Klob.-Alis. Key Pl. Far East. Reg. USSR 1: 378 (1931), in clavi; et in Bull. Jard. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 30: 199 (1932), descr. (1931)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Heilongjiang); North Korea; South Korea
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Remarks: Polygonatum humile x involucratum
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum ×desoulavyi var. mediobracteatum (Ohwi) Satake; J. Jap. Bot. 18: 36 (1942)
= Polygonatum ×mediobracteatum Ohwi; J. Jap. Bot. 13: 443 (1937)
= Polygonatum ×miserum Satake; J. Jap. Bot. 18: 37 (1942)
variant :
var. yezoense
(Miyabe & Tatew.) Satake; J. Jap. Bot. 19: 46 (1943)
Distribution: North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido)
38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum ×mediobracteatum var. yezoense Miyabe & Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 15: 47 (1937)
= Polygonatum yezoense Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 15: 47 (1937), in syn.
species :
Polygonatum ×domonense
Satake; J. Jap. Bot. 45: 4 (1970)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
Remarks: Polygonatum involucratum x lasianthum
species :
Polygonatum ×hybridum
Brügger; Jahresb. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens 29: 160 (1886)
Distribution: England; Germany [I]; Switzerland; France; Channel Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]
10 GRB 11 ger SWI 12 cis FRA 51 nzl
Remarks: Polygonatum multiflorum x Polygonatum odoratum
Synonyms: hidden
= Convallaria ×intermedia Boenn.; H. G. L. Reichenbach, Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 138 (1831)
= Polygonatum multiflorum subsp. intermedium (Boenn.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 232 (1890)
= Polygonatum multiflorum var. intermedium (Boenn.) Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 555 (1874)
= Polygonatum officinale var. intermedium (Boenn.) Syme; Engl. Bot. ed. 3, 9: 179 (1869)
= Polygonatum ×intermedium (Boenn.) Brügger; Jahresber. Naturf. Ges. Graubündens 29: 116 (1884-1885 publ. 1886), nom. illeg.
= Polygonatum ×intermedium var. boenninghausenii Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 12: 446 (1910), nom. inval.
= Polygonatum ×intermedium var. symeanum Rouy; Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 12: 446 (1910)
= Polygonatum ×mixtum K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 233 (1890)
species :
Polygonatum ×krylovii
(Ameljcz. & Malachova) A.L.Ebel; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. 105: 05 (2012)
Distribution: Siberia (W-Siberia)
30 SIB
Remarks: Polygonatum humile x odoratum
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygonatum humile var. krylovii Ameljcz. & Malachova; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 90(5): 750 (2005)
species :
Polygonatum ×pseudopolyanthemum
Miscz. ex Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza 1: 241 (1928)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
Remarks: Polygonatum glaberrimum x orientale
species :
Polygonatum ×tamaense
Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 28: 312 (1953)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Remarks: Polygonatum falcatum x lasianthum
