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151.0000 Family Pontederiaceae Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1, ed. qu. 265 (1816), nom. cons.
2 genera, 44 spp. mostly neotropical, some Africa, few tropical Asia
Species listed in database: 48
= Heterantheraceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 36 (1858)
151.0201 Genus Pontederia L.; Gen. Pl., ed. 5 [Linnaeus]: 102 (1754)
Distribution: almost worldwide. Inclusion of Eichhornia and Monochoria see M. Pell. & Horn (2018)
Species listed in database: 26
= Cabanisia Kotschy ex Schltdl.; Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 6: 176 (1862)
= Calcarunia Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 106 (1830)
= Carigola Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 10 (1837)
= Eichhornia Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 129 (1843), nom. cons.
= Gomphima Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 10 (1837)
= Hirschtia K.Schum. ex Schwartz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61(Beibl. 139): 41 (1927)
= Kadakia Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 9 (1837)
= Leptosomus Schltdl.; Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 6: 174 (1862)
= Limnostachys F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 1: 24 (1858)
= Michelia Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 201, 577 (1763), nom. illeg.
= Monochoria C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. [C. Presl] 1: 127 (1827)
= Narukila Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 54 (1763)
= Piaropus Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 81 (1837), nom. rej.
= Pontederas Hoffmanns.; Verz. Pfl.-Kult. 137 (1824)
= Reussia Endl.; Gen. Pl. [Endlicher] 139 (1836), nom. cons.
= Umsema Raf.; Med. Repos., Ser. 2, 5: 352 (1808)
= Unisema Raf.; Med. Repos., Ser. 2, 5: 192 (1808)
species :
Pontederia africana (Solms) M.Pell. & C.N.Horn; PhytoKeys 108: 57 (2018)
Distribution: ?Central African Republic; ?NE-D. R. Congo [Zaire]; South Sudan; Kenya; ?Angola; Malawi; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga)
24 SSU 25 KEN 26 MLW MOZ 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Monochoria africana (Solms) N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 8: 5 (1901)
= Monochoria vaginalis var. africana Solms; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 525 (1883)
species :
Pontederia australasica (Ridl.) M.Pell. & C.N.Horn; PhytoKeys 108: 57 (2018)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (Darwin-Adelaide River-East Alligator River area, Northern Territory, and on Cape York Peninsula, Queensland)
42 NWG 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Monochoria australasica Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 79: 100 (1918)
species :
Pontederia azurea Sw.; Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. [O.P.Swartz] 57 (1788)
Name: Anchored water hyacinth; Boniatillo de agua, Boniatillo morado, Flor de agua, Flor de cuchareta, Flor de gallareta, Hierba de jicotea, Jacinto chino (Cuba)
Distribution: Bangladesh [I]; Myanmar [I]; USA [I] (Florida [I]); Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Sonora, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Hispaniola; Trinidad; Colombia (Antioquia, Arauca, Bolívar, Caquetá, Casanare, Cesar, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Guaviare, Huila, Magdalena, Putumayo, Santander, Vaupés); Venezuela (Anzoátegui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Guárico, Mérida, Miranda, Monagas, Portuguesa, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Roraima, Amapá, Pará, Amazonas, Tocantins, Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Maranhão, Ceará); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Central, Cordillera, Guaira, Misiones, Neembucu, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes); Uruguay (Canelones, Cerro Largo, Maldonado, Montevideo, Rio Negro, Rocha, San Jose, Tacuarembó, Treinta y Tres); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones, Santa Fe)
40 ban 41 mya 78 usa 79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB HIS TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Eichhornia aquatica (Vell.) Schltdl.; Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 6: 177 (1862)
= Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 129 (1843)
= Eichhornia azurea var. rhizantha Seub.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 3(1): 90 (1847)
= Piaropus azureus (Sw.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 82 (1836)
= Piaropus tricolor Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 81 (1837)
= Piaropus undulatus Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 121 (1836)
= Pontederia aquatica Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 144
= Pontederia tumida Willd. ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 129 (1843)
species :
Pontederia brevipetiolata (Verdc.) M.Pell. & C.N.Horn; PhytoKeys 108: 58 (2018)
Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Niger
22 BKN GAM GNB GUI IVO MLI NGR SEN SIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Monochoria brevipetiolata Verdc.; Kirkia 1: 81 (1961)
species :
Pontederia cordata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 288 (1753)
Name: Pickerelweed (EN), Herzblättriges Hechtkraut (DE)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isles of Scilly [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I]); Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Italy [I]; South Africa [I]; India [I] (Maharashtra [I]); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); USA (Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, Texas, Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, District of Columbia); Belize; Honduras; Costa Rica [I]; Cuba; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia (Bolívar, Chocó, Guaviare, Magdalena, Putumayo, Vaupés); Venezuela (Venezuela Distrito Federal, Miranda, Zulia); Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Amambay, Caaguazu, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Neembucu, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes, San Pedro); Uruguay (Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Florida Prov., Maldonado, Rio Negro, Rocha, Salto, Soriano, Tacuarembó); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Argentina Distrito Federal, Entre Rios, Formosa, Mendoza, Misiones, Santa Fe)
10 grb ire 11 ger swi 13 ita 27 saf 40 ind 50 aus 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 80 BLZ cos HON 81 CUB trt 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Calcarunia hastata Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 106 (1830)
= Narukila cordata (L.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 101 (1913)
= Narukila cordata var. lancifolia (Muhl.) Nieuwl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 101 (1913)
= Pontederia angustifolia Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 224 (1813)
= Pontederia cordata f. albiflora House; Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 243-244: 62 (1923)
= Pontederia cordata f. angustifolia (Pursh) Solms; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 532 (1883)
= Pontederia cordata f. bernardii Lepage; Naturaliste Canad. 82: 101 (1955)
= Pontederia cordata f. brasiliensis Solms; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 533 (1883)
= Pontederia cordata f. latifolia House; Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 243-244: 62 (1923)
= Pontederia cordata f. ovalis (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) A.Cast.; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 15: 62 (1958)
= Pontederia cordata f. taenia Fassett; Rhodora 39: 274 (1937)
= Pontederia cordata var. albiflora Short; Transylvania J. Med. Assoc. Sci. 32: 7 (1835)
= Pontederia cordata var. angustifolia (Pursh) Torr.; Fl. N. Middle United States 1: 343 (1824)
= Pontederia cordata var. lanceolata (Nutt.) Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. [Grisebach] 252 (1866)
= Pontederia cordata var. lancifolia (Muhl.) Torr.; Fl. N. Middle United States 1: 343 (1824)
= Pontederia cordata var. ovalis (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Solms; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 533 (1883)
= Pontederia lanceolata f. brasiliensis (Solms) Fernald; Rhodora 27: 81 (1925)
= Pontederia lanceolata f. trullifolia Fernald; Rhodora 27: 81 (1925)
= Pontederia lanceolata Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 1: 216 (1818)
= Pontederia lanceolata var. vichadensis F.J.Herm.; Caldasia 5: 39 (1948)
= Pontederia lancifolia Muhl.; Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept. 34 (1813)
= Pontederia maculata Donn; Hort. Cantabrig., ed. 6: 81 (1811)
= Pontederia mucronata Raf. ex Torr.; Fl. N. Middle United States 1: 343 (1824)
= Pontederia nymphaeifolia Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 126 (1843)
= Pontederia obtusifolia (Raf.) A.DC.; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 567 (1883)
= Pontederia ovalis Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7: 1140 (1830)
= Pontederia rotundifolia var. nymphaeifolia (Kunth) Solms; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 534 (1883)
= Umsema mucronata Raf.; Med. Repos. 5: 352 (1808)
= Umsema obtusifolia Raf.; Med. Repos. 5: 352 (1808)
= Unisema acutifolia Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 107 (1830)
= Unisema cordata (L.) Farw.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 3: 91 (1923 publ. 1924)
= Unisema cordata f. angustifolia (Pursh) Farw.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 3: 92 (1924)
= Unisema cordata f. latifolia (Muhl.) Farw.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 3: 92 (1924)
= Unisema deltifolia Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 105 (1830)
= Unisema heterophylla Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 108 (1830)
= Unisema lancifolia f. trullifolia Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 73 (1928)
= Unisema lancifolia Raf.; Atlantic J. 178 (1833)
= Unisema latifolia Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 107 (1830)
= Unisema media Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 107 (1830)
= Unisema mucronata Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 107 (1830)
= Unisema obliquata Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 107 (1830)
= Unisema obtusifolia (Raf.) Raf.; Med. Repos., Ser. 2, 5: 350 (1808)
= Unisema peduncularis Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 2: 75 (1837)
= Unisema purshiana Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 107 (1830)
= Unisema rotundifolia Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 108 (1830)
= Unisema sagittata Raf.; Fl. Ludov. 18 (1817)
species :
Pontederia crassipes Mart.; Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. [Martius] 1: 9, pl. 4. 1823 (1824)
Name: Wasserhyazinthe, Jacinto de agua; Common water hyacinth
Distribution: Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Egypt [I] (Nile Delta [I], Nile Valley [I]); Azores [I] (Sao Miguel Isl. [I], Terceira [I]); Gambia [I]; Sierra Leone [I]; Liberia [I]; Mali [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Ivory Coast [I]; Ghana [I]; Benin [I]; Nigeria [I]; Cameroon [I]; Congo [Brazzaville] [I]; Central African Republic [I]; D. R. Congo [Zaire] [I]; Chad [I]; South Sudan [I]; Ethiopia [I]; Uganda [I]; Kenya [I]; Tanzania [I]; Zambia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Mozambique [I]; Botswana [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Madagascar [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Seychelles [I]; China [I] (Anhui [I], Fujian [I], Guangdong [I], Guangxi [I], Guizhou [I], Hainan [I], Hebei [I], Henan [I], Hubei [I], Hunan [I], Jiangsu [I], Jiangxi [I], Shaanxi [I], Shandong [I], Sichuan [I], Yunnan [I], Zhejiang [I]); South Korea [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Pakistan [I]; Nepal [I]; Bhutan [I]; India [I] (throughout); Maldives [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Andaman Isl. [I] (Middle Andaman Isl. [I]); Myanmar [I]; Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Cambodia [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Singapore [I]; Sumatera [I]; South China Sea Isl. [I]; Borneo [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Palawan [I]; Palawan [I]; Philippines [I]; Philippines [I]; Jawa [I]; Jawa [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I]; Moluccas [I]; Solomon Isl. [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Fiji [I]; [Western] Samoa [I] (´Upolu [I], Savai´i [I]); American Samoa [I] (Aunu´u [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Mangaia [I]); Marquesas Isl. [I] (Ua Pou [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Raiatea [I]); Austral Isl. [I] (Tubuai [I]); Palau [I] (Koror [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Saipan [I], Rota [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Yap [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Majuro [I]); Wake Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Canada [I] (Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Illinois [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Oregon [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I], Washington State [I]); Mexico [I] (widespread); Guatemala [I]; Belize [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Bahamas [I]; Cuba [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Croix [I]); Antigua [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Dominica [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Lucia [I]; St. Vincent [I]; Barbados [I]; Trinidad [I]; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Caquetá, Cesar, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Guainía, Guaviare, Huila, Meta, Nariño, Putumayo, Quindío, Valle); Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Aragua, Bolívar, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Guárico, Lara, Mérida, Miranda, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador [I]; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz, Tarija); N-Brazil (Amazonas); NE-Brazil (Maranhão, Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Central, Concepcion, Guaira, Pres. Hayes, San Pedro); Uruguay (Artigas, Canelones, Montevideo, Rio Negro, Rocha, Treinta y Tres); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Misiones, Salta, Santa Fe, Tucumán); Chile [I] (Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Biobío [I])
11 hun 12 por spa 20 egy 21 azo 22 ben bkn gam gha ivo lbr mli nga sie 23 caf cmn con zai 24 cha eth ssu 25 ken tan uga 26 moz zam zim 27 bot saf 29 mau mdg reu sey 36 chi 38 kor nns 40 ban bhu ind mdv nep pak srl 41 and cbd lao mya tha 42 bor jaw lsi mly mol phi plw scs sng sul sum 43 sol 50 aus nfk 51 nzl 60 asa fij nwc sam 61 aui coo mrq sci 62 gum mic mrn mrs plu wak 63 haw 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 blz cos els gua hon nic pan 81 aba bah bbd cay cub dom gdl his jam mar pue stl stv trt vir 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ecu PER 84 BRA 85 ARG cle PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Eichhornia cordifolia Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 294 (1919 publ. 1920), nom. illeg.
= Eichhornia crassicaulis Schltdl.; Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 6: 177 (1862)
= Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 527 (1883)
= Eichhornia speciosa Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 131 (1843), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Heteranthera formosa Miq.; Linnaea 17: 60 (1843)
= Oshuna crassipes (Mart.) A.Haines; Bot. Notes 16: 5 (2021)
= Piaropus crassipes (Mart.) A.Haines; Bot. Notes 15: 6 (2020), isonym
= Piaropus crassipes (Mart.) Britton; Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 7: 241 (1893), isonym
= Piaropus crassipes (Mart.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 81 (1836)
= Piaropus mesomelas Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 81 (1837)
= Pontederia crassicaulis Schltdl.; Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 6: 177 (1862), orth. var.
= Pontederia elongata Balf.; Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 1855: 50 (1855)
species :
Pontederia cyanea (F.Muell.) M.Pell. & C.N.Horn; PhytoKeys 108: 58 (2018)
Distribution: Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Australia (N-Western Australia, N-Northern Territory, N-Queensland)
41 CBD LAO VIE 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Monochoria cyanea (F.Muell.) F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 8: 44 (1872)
= Limnostachys cyanea F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 1: 24 (1858)
species :
Pontederia diversifolia (Vahl) M.Pell. & C.N.Horn; PhytoKeys 108: 66 (2018)
Name: Flor de agua, Water hyacinth (Puerto Rico)
Distribution: Hungary [I]; Taiwan [I]; India [I]; Cambodia [I]; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Colombia (Caquetá, Cauca, Chocó, Meta, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Santander, Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoátegui, Barinas, Bolívar, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Guárico, Portuguesa); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Pará, Tocantins, Acre); NE-Brazil (Maranhão, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro)
11 hun 38 tai 40 ind 41 cbd 80 COS NIC PAN 81 CUB HIS PUE 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Eichhornia diversifolia (Vahl) Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 4: 147 (1843)
= Eichhornia natans var. pauciflora (Seub.) Solms; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 526 (1883)
= Eichhornia pauciflora Seub.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 3(1): 91 (1847)
= Heteranthera cordata Vahl; Enum. Pl. [Vahl] 2: 44 (1805)
= Heteranthera diversifolia Vahl; Enum. Pl. [Vahl] 2: 44 (1805)
= Heteranthera grandiflora Klotzsch; Reis. Br.-Guiana [Ri. Schomburgk] 3: 1118 (1849)
= Piaropus diversifolius (Vahl) P.Wilson; Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 5: 149 (1923)
species :
Pontederia elata (Ridl.) M.Pell. & C.N.Horn; PhytoKeys 108: 58 (2018)
Distribution: Myanmar; Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah)
41 CBD MYA THA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Monochoria hastata var. elata (Ridl.) Backer; Fl. Males., Ser. 1, Spermatoph. 4: 258 (1951)
= Monochoria elata Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 79: 99 (1918)
species :
Pontederia gigantea D.J.Sousa; Phytotaxa 432(3): 253 (2020)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina)
84 BRA
species :
Pontederia hastata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 288 (1753)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan); Nepal; India (almost throughout); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan, Shan, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore [I]; Sumatera; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (throughout); Jawa; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (N-Northern Territory); Fiji [I]
36 CHI 40 BAN IND NEP SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW MLY NWG PHI sng SUL SUM 50 AUS 60 fij
Synonyms: hidden
= Calcarunia hastata (L.) Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 106 (1830), nom. inval.
= Carigola hastata (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 10 (1837)
= Monochoria chinensis Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 294 (1919 publ. 1920)
= Monochoria dilatata (Banks) Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 134 (1843)
= Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 523 (1883)
= Monochoria hastifolia C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. [C. Presl] 1: 128 (1827)
= Monochoria sagittata Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 134 (1843)
= Pontederia dilatata Banks; Account Embassy Kingd. Ava [Symes] 471 (1800)
= Pontederia sagittata Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 124 (1832), nom. illeg.
= Pontederia sagittifolia B.Heyne ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 5093 (1831), nom. inval.
= Pontederia vaginalis Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 255 (1837)
species :
Pontederia heterosperma (Alexander) M.Pell. & C.N.Horn; PhytoKeys 108: 67 (2018)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Tabasco); El Salvador; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Trinidad; Colombia (Meta); Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Aragua, Bolívar, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Falcón, Guárico, Monagas, Portuguesa); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Bolivia (Santa Cruz); NE-Brazil (Piauí, Ceará, Pernambuco, Bahia)
79 MEX 80 COS ELS NIC PAN 81 CUB TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Eichhornia heterosperma Alexander; Lloydia 2: 170 (1939)
= Eichhornia venezuelensis Velásquez; Acta Bot. Venez. 6(1-4): 367 (1971 publ. 1972)
species :
Pontederia korsakowii (Regel & Maack) M.Pell. & C.N.Horn; PhytoKeys 108: 59 (2018)
Distribution: Hungary [I]; E-European Russia [I]; Ukraine [I]; Crimea [I]; Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Primorye); Northern Caucasus [I]; China (Anhui, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Shanxi); South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); India (almost throughout); Myanmar (Yangon); Vietnam
11 hun 14 kry rus ukr 31 RFE 33 ncs 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR 40 IND 41 MYA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Monochoria korsakowii Regel & Maack; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 155 (1861)
= Monochoria korsakowii var. albiflora Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 6: 8 (1929)
= Monochoria vaginalis var. korsakowii (Regel & Maack) Solms; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 525 (1883)
= Pontederia korsakowii f. albiflora (Makino) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 99(4): 254 (2024)
species :
Pontederia meyeri (A.G.Schulz) M.Pell. & C.N.Horn; PhytoKeys 108: 52 (2018)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Pres. Hayes); Argentina (Chaco, Misiones, Salta)
83 BOL 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Eichhornia meyeri A.G.Schulz; Darwiniana 6: 56 (1942)
= Cabanisia meyeri (A.G.Schulz) A.Haines; Bot. Notes 15: 6 (2020)
species :
Pontederia natans P.Beauv.; Fl. Oware 2: 18 (1810)
Distribution: Egypt; Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Namibia
20 EGY 22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR MLI NGA NGR SEN SIE TOG 23 CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI 24 CHA ETH SSU SUD 25 UGA 26 ANG ZAM ZIM 27 NAM
Remarks: frequently included in E. diversifolia
Synonyms: hidden
= Eichhornia natans (P.Beauv.) Solms; Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 7: 254 (1882)
= Leptosomus natans (P.Beauv.) Schltdl.; Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 6: 174 (1862)
species :
Pontederia paniculata Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. [Sprengel] 3: 18 (1822)
Name: Brazilian water hyacinth
Distribution: USA (Florida); Mexico [I]; Nicaragua; Cuba; Jamaica; Guyana; Ecuador; NE-Brazil (Ceará, Pernambuco, Bahia, Sergipe)
78 USA 79 mex 80 NIC 81 CUB JAM 82 GUY 83 ECU 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cabanisia martiana (Seub.) Schltdl.; Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 6: 176 (1862)
= Cabanisia paniculata (Spreng.) A.Haines; Bot. Notes 15: 6 (2020)
= Eichhornia cordifolia A.Rich.; Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 273 (1850)
= Eichhornia martiana Seub.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 3(1): 91 (1847)
= Eichhornia martiusiana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 484 (1849)
= Eichhornia paniculata (Spreng.) Solms; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 530 (1882)
= Eichhornia tricolor Seub.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 3(1): 92 (1847)
= Piaropus paniculatus (Spreng.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small], ed. 2: 1328 (1913)
= Pontederia martiana Seub.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 3(1): 92 (1847), orth. var.
= Pontederia martiusiana Schult. & Schult.f.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7: 1143 (1830)
= Pontederia tricolor Mart. ex Seub.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 3(1): 92 (1847)
species :
Pontederia paradoxa Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7: 1144 (1830)
Distribution: Guatemala; Costa Rica; Venezuela (Anzoátegui, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Guárico, Miranda); NE-Brazil (Bahia)
80 COS GUA 82 VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cabanisia caracasana Schltdl.; Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 6: 176 (1862)
= Cabanisia paradoxa (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) A.Haines; Bot. Notes 15: 6 (2020)
= Eichhornia caracasana (Schltdl.) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 3: 831 (1883)
= Eichhornia costaricana L.D.Gómez & Gómez-Laur.; Phytologia 50(1): 70 (1981)
= Eichhornia paradoxa (Mart.) Solms; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 531 (1882)
= Eichhornia paradoxa (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Solms; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 531 (1883)
= Eichhornia schultesiana Seub.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 3(1): 93 (1847)
species :
Pontederia parviflora Alexander; N. Amer. Fl. [Britton et al., eds.] 19: 59 (1937)
Distribution: Panama; Colombia (Guaviare, Meta); Venezuela (Mérida, Zulia)
80 PAN 82 CLM VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Pontederia cordata var. parviflora (Alexander) Schery; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 31: 156 (1944)
species :
Pontederia plantaginea Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 123 (1832)
Distribution: Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); China (Yunnan); India (West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Cambodia; Vietnam; Thailand
31 rfe 36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 CBD MYA THA VIE
Remarks: often included in P. vaginalis
Synonyms: hidden
= Monochoria angustifolia (G.X.Wang) Boonkerd & Tungm.; Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. 42(4): 750 (2020)
= Monochoria junghuhniana Hassk.; Flora 35: 115 (1852)
= Monochoria linearis (Hassk.) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 549 (1859)
= Monochoria ovata Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 665 (1843)
= Monochoria plantaginea (Roxb.) Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 135 (1843)
= Monochoria vaginalis var. angustifolia G.X.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 41: 569 (2003)
= Monochoria vaginalis var. plantaginea (Roxb.) Solms; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 524 (1883)
= Pontederia alba Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 5095 D (1831), nomen
= Pontederia lanceolata Wall. ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 135 (1843), nom. inval.
= Pontederia linearis Hassk.; Flora 25(2. Beibl.): 4 (1842)
= Pontederia ovata Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. [Hooker & Arnott] 218 (1837), nom. illeg.
= Pontederia racemosa Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 5095 C (1831), nomen
species :
Pontederia reflexa D.J.Sousa; Phytotaxa 432(3): 257 (2020)
Distribution: Bolivia; Brazil (Ceará, Mato Grosso do Sul, Maranhão, Mato Grosso)
83 BOL 84 BRA
species :
Pontederia rotundifolia L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 192 (1782)
Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Putumayo); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoátegui, Apure, Barinas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Guárico, Miranda, Táchira, Trujillo, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Pará, Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Piauí, Paraíba); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso); S-Brazil (Paraná); Paraguay (Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Neembucu, Pres. Hayes); Uruguay (Canelones, Lavalleja, Montevideo, Rocha, Soriano); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Argentina Distrito Federal, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones, Santa Fe)
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Pontederia brasiliensis Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7: 1145 (1830)
= Pontederia cordifolia Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7: 1142 (1830)
= Pontederia eriantha Miq.; Linnaea 17: 60 (1843)
= Pontederia falciloba Solms; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 534 (1883)
= Reussia grazielae Machado; Revista Brasil. Biol. 7: 177 (1947)
= Reussia rotundifolia (L.f.) A.Cast.; Lilloa 25: 593 (1951)
= Unisema orbiculata Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 108 (1830)
species :
Pontederia sagittata C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. [C. Presl] 2: 116 (1827)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras; Costa Rica; Panama; NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)
79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON PAN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Pontederia cordata f. sagittata (C.Presl) Solms; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 533 (1883)
= Pontederia rotundifolia var. sagittata (C.Presl) Schery; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 31: 157 (1944)
species :
Pontederia subovata (Seub.) Lowden; Rhodora 75(803): 478 (1973)
Distribution: Venezuela (Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Guárico, Miranda); Guyana; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz); SE-Brazil (São Paulo); S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Central, Concepcion, Pres. Hayes); Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Formosa, Misiones, Santa Fe)
82 GUY VEN 83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Eichhornia subovata Seub.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 3(1): 91 (1847)
= Hirschtia heterantherimorpha K.Schum. ex Schwartz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61(Beibl. 139): 41 (1927)
= Pontederia heterantherimorpha O.Schwartz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61(2-3, Beibl. 139): 41 (1927)
= Pontederia lagoensis Warm.; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 3, 3: 1871: 323 (1871)
= Pontederia schomburgkiana Klotzsch; Reis. Br.-Guiana [Ri. Schomburgk] 3: 1118 (1849), nom. inval.
= Reussia subovata (Seub.) Solms; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 4: 534 (1883)
species :
Pontederia triflora (Endl. ex Seub.) G.Agostini, D.Velásquez & Velásquez; Ernstia 27: 9 (1984)
Distribution: Colombia (Casanare); Venezuela (Apure, Bolívar, Guárico); Guyana; Bolivia (Santa Cruz); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)
82 CLM GUY VEN 83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Reussia triflora Seub.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 3(1): 96 (1847)
species :
Pontederia vaginalis Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] 80 (1768)
Name: Heartshape false pickerelweed
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Pakistan (Swat, Hazara, Pakistani Punjab, Lahore); Nepal; Bhutan; India (almost throughout); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl., Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl.); Myanmar (Taninthayi, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; peninsular Malaysia (throughout); Singapore [I]; Sumatera; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (throughout); Jawa; Lesser Sunda Isl.; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (N-Western Australia, N-Northern Territory, N-Queensland); Fiji [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA [I] (California [I])
34 AFG 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA THA 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI sng SUL SUM 50 AUS 60 fij 63 haw 76 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Gomphima vaginalis (Burm.f.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 10 (1837)
= Monochoria loureiroi Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 135 (1843), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Monochoria pauciflora (Blume) Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 135 (1843)
= Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. [C. Presl] 1: 128 (1827)
= Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) C.Presl ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 4: 134 (1843)
= Monochoria vaginalis var. pauciflora (Blume) Merr.; Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 1: 201 (1922)
= Pontederia cordata Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 245 (1790), nom. illeg.
= Pontederia dubia Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 1: 33 (1827)
= Pontederia loureiroana Schult. & Schult.f.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7: 1145 (1830)
= Pontederia pauciflora Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 1: 32 (1827)
= Pontederia stricta Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] Prodr. Fl. Cap. 9 (1768)
= Pontederia vaginata Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 116 (1834), orth. var.
species :
Pontederia valida (Nagam. & G.X.Wang) M.Pell. & C.N.Horn; PhytoKeys 108: 61 (2018)
Distribution: China (Hainan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Monochoria valida G.X.Wang & Nagam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 45(1): 41-44, f. 1 & 2 (1994)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life