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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

350.0000 Family Brassicaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot.: 854, 1093, 1123 (1835), nom. cons.
339 genera, ca. 4050 spp. Updated phylogeny see Hendriks et al. (2022) and German et al. (2023)
Species listed in database: 4086; hybrids: 100
= Arabidaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 573 (1843)
= Cruciferae Juss.; Gen. Pl. 237 (1789), nom. cons.
= Drabaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 215 (1820)
= Erysimaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 238 (1820)
= Isatidaceae Döll; Fl. Baden 3: 1310 (1861)
= Raphanaceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam.: 169 (1847)
= Schizopetalaceae A.Juss.; V. V. D. d´Orbigny, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 11: 419 (1848)
= Sisymbriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 583 (1820)
= Stanleyaceae Nutt.; J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 85 (1834)
= Thlaspiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 633 (1820)
350.7401 Genus Raphanus L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 669 (1753)
Distribution: West, Central, and E-Europe, Mediterranean, temp. Asia; Russia (3 European part, Siberia, Far East)
Species listed in database: 3
= Dondisia Scop.; Intr. Hist. Nat.: 316 (1777)
= Durandea Delarbre; Fl. Auvergne, ed. 2: 365 (1800)
= Ormycarpus Neck.; Elem. 3: 82 (1790), opus utique oppr.
= Raphanistrum Tourn. ex Adans.; Fam. Pl. 2: 424 (1763)
= Raphinastrum Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4.: s.p. (1754)
= Schrankia Medik.; Pflanzeng. 42 (1792)
species :
Raphanus pugioniformis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 46 (1849)
Distribution: Israel
34 ISR
Remarks: valid species fide Ziffer-Berger et al. 2014. Possibly identical with R. raphanistrum subsp. rostratus.
Synonyms: hidden
= Raphanus rostratus var. pugioniformis (Boiss.) O.E.Schulz ex Thell.; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 279 (1918)
species :
Raphanus raphanistrum L.; Sp. Pl. 669 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. raphanistrum
Name: Hederich, Acker-Rettich (DE); Wild radish (EN); Rabano salvaje (ES)
Distribution: England; Ireland; Denmark; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Monaco; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (lowlands widespread, incl. most islands); Crete (incl. islets); Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus; European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Pico, Faial, Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro); Ethiopia; Eritrea; Zimbabwe [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Lesotho [I]; St. Helena [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia [I], Chita [I], Irkutsk [I], Krasnoyarsk [I], Yakutia [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Amur [I], Kamchatka [I], Khabarovsk [I], Kuril Isl. [I], Magadan [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Bahrain; Oman; China [I] (Qinghai [I], Sichuan [I]); Mongolia; South Korea [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Bhutan [I]; N-India [I]; Moluccas [I]; New Zealand [I]; Guam [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], East Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Alaska [I]; Greenland [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Labrador [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Quebec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Alabama [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Arizona [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], Nevada [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Bahamas [I]; Cuba [I]; Haiti [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Paraguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Antofagasta [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Lagos [I])
10 DEN GRB IRE SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA GIB MCO POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PTL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR est lat lit MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR 24 ERI ETH 26 zim 27 les saf 28 sth 29 mau reu 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM tzk UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 35 BAR OMA 36 chi 37 MON 38 kor tai 40 bhu ind pak 42 mol 51 nzl 62 gum 63 haw 70 ask gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos gua hon nic 81 bah cub his 82 clm 83 bol ecu per 84 bra 85 arg cle par
Synonyms: hidden
= Brassica heleniana Burch. ex Loudon; Hort. Brit. (Loudon) 264 (1830)
= Crucifera raphanistrum (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Sturm, Fl. Deutschland, ed. 2, 6: 124 (1902)
= Durandea unilocularis Delarbre; Fl. Auvergne, ed. 2: 365 (1800)
= Raphanistrum arvense (All.) Mérat; Nuov. Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2, 2: 309 (1821)
= Raphanistrum arvense Wallr.; 336 (1822), nom. illeg.
= Raphanistrum fugax (C.Presl) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 29 (1878)
= Raphanistrum innocuum Moench; Methodus (Moench) 217 (1794)
= Raphanistrum innocuum subsp. fugax (C.Presl) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 29 (1878)
= Raphanistrum lampsana Gaertn.; Fruct. 2: 300. t. 143 (1791)
= Raphanistrum lampsana var. linicola A.F.Schwarz & Schultheiß; A. F. Schwarz, 91 (1897)
= Raphanistrum raphanistrum (L.) H.Karst.; Deut. Fl. (H. Karst.) 673 (1882)
= Raphanistrum segetale Henckel; Enum. Pl. Regiomont.: 172 (1817)
= Raphanistrum segetum Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transs. 2: 280 (1816), nom. illeg.
= Raphanistrum segetum var. album (Boenn.) Rchb.; LVIII (1833)
= Raphanistrum segetum var. arvense (Mérat) Rupr.; Fl. Ingrica: 115 (1860)
= Raphanistrum segetum var. purpureum Rchb.; LVIII (1833)
= Raphanistrum silvestre Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1: 65 (1860)
= Raphanistrum vulgare Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 687 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Raphanistrum vulgare var. flavum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 687 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Raphanus albus Boenn. ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 656 (1832), nom. inval.
= Raphanus articulatus Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 482 (1812)
= Raphanus articulatus var. albus Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 483 (1812)
= Raphanus articulatus var. flavus Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 483 (1812)
= Raphanus articulatus var. ochroleucus Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 483 (1812)
= Raphanus articulatus var. venosus Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 483 (1812)
= Raphanus arvensis (All.) Wallr. ex Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1: 65 (1860), nom. inval.
= Raphanus cornutus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 57 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Raphanus fugax C.Presl; Fl. Sicul.: 109 (1826)
= Raphanus infestus Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 273 (1796)
= Raphanus landroides Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. de Fr. 2: 68 (1895)
= Raphanus longistylus St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 65 (1880), 133
= Raphanus niger var. griseus DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 665 (1821)
= Raphanus niger var. rotundus DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 665 (1821)
= Raphanus raphanellus Schrad. ex Colla; Herb. Pedem. 1: 128 (1833)
= Raphanus raphanistrum f. albus (Schübl. & G.Martens) Thell.; 277 (1918)
= Raphanus raphanistrum f. carneus (Schweigg. & Körte) Thell.; 277 (1918)
= Raphanus raphanistrum f. flavus (Schübl. & G.Martens) Thell.; 277 (1918)
= Raphanus raphanistrum f. integrifolius (Domin) Thell.; 277 (1918)
= Raphanus raphanistrum f. linicola (A.F.Schwarz & Schultheiß) Thell.; 277 (1918)
= Raphanus raphanistrum f. macrorrhynchus (Hausskn.) Thell.; 278 (1918)
= Raphanus raphanistrum f. napifer (Beckh.) Thell.; 278 (1918)
= Raphanus raphanistrum f. ochroleucus (Peterm.) Braun-Blanq.; Braun-Blanq. & Rübel, 609 (1933)
= Raphanus raphanistrum f. purpureus (Rchb.) Braun-Blanq.; Braun-Blanq. & Rübel, 609 (1933)
= Raphanus raphanistrum f. simplex Zapal.; 330 (1913)
= Raphanus raphanistrum f. sublyratus Zapal.; 331 (1913)
= Raphanus raphanistrum f. sulphureus (F.Gérard) Zapal.; 331 (1913)
= Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. albus Schübl. & G.Martens; 415 (1834)
= Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. flavus Schübl. & G.Martens; 415 (1834)
= Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. fugax (C.Presl) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 49 (1882)
= Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. segetum (Baumg.) Bonnier; Fl. Compl. France 1: 57 (1912)
= Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. segetum (Baumg.) Clavaud
= Raphanus raphanistrum subvar. arvensis (Rchb.) Thell.; 277 (1918)
= Raphanus raphanistrum subvar. concolor (Schur) Thell.; 277 (1918)
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. albus (Schübl. & G.Martens) Murr; 127 (1923)
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. albus Wirtg.; 21 (1841), nom. inval.
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. brevistylus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 401 (1849)
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. flavus (Schübl. & G.Martens) Murr; 127 (1923)
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. flavus (Stokes) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg: 415 (1834)
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. hispidus Lange; Pugill. Pl. Hisp.: 81 (1866)
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. hispidus Pamp.; Boll. Mus. Republ. San Marino 1: 142 (1917), nom. illeg.
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. intermedius (Rouy & Foucaud) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 38(1): 74 (1974)
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. luteus L. ex O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 200 (1919), nom. superfl.
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. ochroleucus (Stokes) Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs.: 498 (1838)
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. ochroleucus Wirtg.; 21 (1841), nom. inval.
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. purpurascens Dumort.; Fl. Belg.: 122 (1827), nom. nud.
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. purpurascens Dumort. ex O.E.Schulz; Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 200 (1919), nom. superfl.
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. sulphureus Wirtg.; 21 (1841), nom. inval.
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. venosus (Stokes) Uechtr.; Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 49: 327 (1882)
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. violaceus Woerl.; 50 (1885)
= Raphanus segetum Clavaud; Act. Linn. Soc. Bord. 35: 288 (1881)
= Raphanus segetum var. arvense Beckh.; Fl. Westfalen: 142 (1893)
= Raphanus segetum var. concolor Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 75 (1866)
= Raphanus segetum var. dasycarpum Beckh.; Fl. Westfalen: 142 (1893)
= Raphanus segetum var. scabrirostris Opiz ex Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 3: 471 (1875)
= Raphanus segetum var. sulphureum Ducommun; Taschenb. Schweiz. Bot.: 82 (1869)
= Raphanus segetum var. versicolor Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 75 (1866)
= Raphanus stylosus Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 194 (1867)
= Raphanus sylvestris var. intermedius Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 2: 67 (1895)
= Rapistrum arvense All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 258 (1785), nom. illeg.
= Rapistrum blaisii (Godr. & Gren.) Gren.; Fl. Massil. Adv.: 18 (1857)
= Rapistrum raphanistrum (L.) Crantz; Cl. Crucif. Emend.: 107 (1769)
= Sinapis arvensis O.F.Müll.; Oeder, Fl. Dan. 4: t. 678 (1777), nom. illeg.
= Sinapis raphanistrum (L.) Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. 1: 225 (1841)
subspecies :
subsp. landra (Moretti ex DC.) Bonnier & Layens; Fl. Fr. 21 (1894)
Name: Huren-Rettich (DE)
Distribution: England; Ireland; Germany [I]; Spain; Baleares; France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (widespread); Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Azores (Terceira, Faial, Flores Isl.); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread); Java [I]; Australia [I] (Tasmania [I])
10 GRB IRE 11 ger 12 BAL CIS COR FRA SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA SIC SLV SRB 14 KRY 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 AZO 33 GEO NCS 34 EAI 42 jaw 50 aus
Synonyms: hidden
= Raphanistrum arvense var. landra (Moretti ex DC.) Gill. & Magne; 25 (1863)
= Raphanistrum glaucum Candargy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 154 (1897)
= Raphanistrum innocuum Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 3: 249 (1901), nom. illeg.
= Raphanistrum lampsana subsp. odessanum (Spreng.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 29 (1878)
= Raphanistrum landra (Moretti ex DC.) Bubani; Fl. Pyrenees. 3: 249 (1901)
= Raphanistrum landra (Moretti ex DC.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 656 (1832)
= Raphanistrum odessanum Andrz. ex Besser; Enum. Pl. Volh. 82 (1822)
= Raphanistrum sylvestre (Lam.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenb. 65 (1860)
= Raphanus albiflorus C.Presl; Fl. Sicul.: 109 (1826)
= Raphanus biarticulatus Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol., Suppl.: 46 (1814)
= Raphanus candidus Vorosch.; Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., Biol., n. s. 52: Livr. 3, 48 (1947)
= Raphanus landra Moretti ex DC.; Syst. 2: 668 (1821)
= Raphanus maritimus subsp. landra (Moretti ex DC.) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 12: 330 (1965), isonym
= Raphanus maritimus subsp. landra (Moretti ex DC.) Rivas Mart.; Itinera Geobot. 15(2): 706 (2002), isonym
= Raphanus odessanus (Andrz. ex Besser) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 2: 855 (1825)
= Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. odessanus (Andrz.) Schmalh.
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. landra (Moretti ex DC.) Coss.; Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 222 (1887)
= Raphanus sativus subsp. landra (DC.) Quézel; Nouv. Fl. Algérie: 414 (1962)
= Raphanus sylvestris Lam.; Fl. Franç. 2: 495 (1779), nom. superfl.
= Raphanus sylvestris proles landroides Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 2: 68 (1895)
= Raphanus sylvestris subsp. landra (Moretti ex DC.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 2: 67 (1895)
= Raphanus sylvestris subsp. maritimus (Sm.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 2: 67 (1895)
= Rhaphanos landrus (Moretti ex DC.) St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 133 (1880)
subspecies :
subsp. maritimus (Don) Thell.; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitteleur. 4(1): 278 (1918)
Distribution: England; Ireland; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany [I]; France; etc.
10 GRB IRE 11 BGM ger NET 12 FRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Raphanistrum maritimum (Don) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 688 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Raphanus maritimus Don; Herb. Brit. 2: no. 35 (1805)
= Raphanus maritimus subsp. littoralis (Clavaud) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 12: 330 (1965)
= Raphanus raphanistrum f. littoralis Clavaud; Fl. Gironde: 65 (1882)
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. maritimus (Don) J.Lloyd; Fl. Ouest France, ed. 3: 20 (1876)
subspecies :
subsp. microcarpus (Lange) Thell.; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitteleur. 4(1): 275 (1918)
Distribution: Portugal; C- & W-Spain; Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Faial); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Gran Canaria, La Gomera)
12 POR SPA 21 AZO CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Raphanistrum microcarpum (Lange) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: I. 18 (1889)
= Raphanistrum vulgare var. microcarpus Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1865: t. 3 (1865)
= Raphanus microcarpus (Lange) Willk.; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 750 (1880)
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. microcarpus Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjöbenhaven 7: 82 (1865)
= Raphanus sylvestris proles microcarpus (Lange) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France 2: 66 (1895)
subspecies :
subsp. rostratus (DC.) Thell.; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitteleur. 4(1): 279 (1918)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk [I], Primorye [I]); Azerbaijan (Talysh); Iraq (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Ghazni, Kabul [c]); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (Jbel Druze); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania)
31 RFE 33 AZE 34 AFG IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Raphanistrum rostratum (DC.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 4: 22 (1837)
= Raphanus rostratus DC.; Syst. 2: 666 (1821)
species :
Raphanus sativus L.; Sp. Pl. 669 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. sativus
Name: Garten-Rettich, Rotes Radieschen (DE); Cultivated radish (EN); Rabano comun (ES)
Distribution: Origin unknown; Europe [c]; Germany [c]; Switzerland [c]; Liechtenstein [c]; Slovakia [c]; Hungary [c]; Channel Isl. [c]; Slovenia [c]; Croatia [c]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [c]; Greece [c] (incl. Kiklades [c]); Crete [c]; Belarus [c]; European Russia [c]; Morocco [c]; Algeria [c]; Tunisia [c]; Libya [c]; Madeira [c] (Madeira Isl. [c], Porto Santo Isl. [c]); Canary Isl. [c] (Lanzarote [c], Fuerteventura [c], Gran Canaria [c], Tenerife [c], La Gomera [c], Hierro [c], La Palma Isl. [c]); Cape Verde Isl. [c] (Santo Antao Isl. [c]); Benin [c]; Cameroon [c]; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo] [c]; São Tomé [c]; Central African Republic [c]; Sudan [c]; South Sudan [c]; Angola [c]; Zimbabwe [c]; Mozambique [c]; South Africa [c]; Madagascar [c]; Mauritius [c]; La Réunion [c]; Agalega Isl. [c]; Siberia [c]; Russian Far East [c]; Kazakhstan [c]; Turkmenistan [c]; Uzbekistan [c]; Tajikistan [c]; Northern Caucasus [c]; Armenia [c]; Azerbaijan [c]; East Aegaean Isl. [c] (Rhodos [c]); Turkey [c]; Saudi Arabia [c]; Kuwait [c]; Bahrain [c]; Qatar [c]; United Arab Emirates [c]; Oman [c]; Yemen [c]; China [c]; South Korea [c]; Japan [c]; Ryukyu Isl. [c]; Volcano Isl. [c] (Kita-Iwojima [c]); Taiwan [c]; Pakistan [c]; Nepal [c]; Bhutan [c]; India [c]; Sri Lanka [c]; Bangladesh [c]; Andaman Isl. [c]; Nicobar Isl. [c]; Myanmar [c]; Thailand [c]; Cambodia [c]; Vietnam [c]; Philippines [c]; Java [c]; Australia [c] (Western Australia [c], South Australia [c], Queensland [c], New South Wales [c], Victoria [c], Tasmania [c]); New Zealand [c]; Chatham Isl. [c]; Auckland Isl. [c]; New Caledonia [c]; Rotuma Isl. [c]; Niue [c]; Fiji [c]; Gilbert Isl. [c]; Austral Isl. [c] (Tubuai [c]); Palau [c]; Guam [c]; Marshall Isl. [c] (Kwajalein [c], Majuro [c]); Wake Isl. [c]; Hawaii [c] (Kauai [c], Oahu [c], Molokai [c], Maui [c], Kahoolawe Isl. [c], Hawaii Isl. [c]); Alaska [c]; Canada [c] (British Columbia [c], Manitoba [c], New Brunswick [c], Newfoundland [c], Labrador [c], Nova Scotia [c], Ontario [c], Prince Edward Isl. [c], Quebec [c], Saskatchewan [c]); USA [c] (Alabama [c], Arizona [c], Arkansas [c], California [c], Colorado [c], Connecticut [c], Delaware [c], District of Columbia [c], Florida [c], Georgia [c], Idaho [c], Illinois [c], Indiana [c], Iowa [c], Kansas [c], Kentucky [c], Louisiana [c], Maine [c], Maryland [c], Massachusetts [c], Michigan [c], Minnesota [c], Mississippi [c], Missouri [c], Montana [c], Nebraska [c], Nevada [c], New Hampshire [c], New Jersey [c], New Mexico [c], New York [c], North Carolina [c], North Dakota [c], Ohio [c], Oklahoma [c], Oregon [c], Pennsylvania [c], Rhode Island [c], South Carolina [c], South Dakota [c], Tennessee [c], Texas [c], Utah [c], Vermont [c], Virginia [c], Washington [c], West Virginia [c], Wisconsin [c], Wyoming [c]); Bermuda [c]; Mexico [c]; Isla Guadalupe [c]; Guatemala [c]; El Salvador [c]; Honduras [c]; Nicaragua [c]; Costa Rica [c]; Panama [c]; Cuba [c]; Hispaniola [c]; Puerto Rico [c]; Virgin Isl. [c]; St. Barthélémy [c]; Saba [c]; Barbados [c]; Colombia [c]; Ecuador [c]; Galapagos [c]; Peru [c]; Bolivia [c]; Brazil [c]; Paraguay [c]; Uruguay [c]; Argentina [c]; Chile [c] (Antofagasta [c], Atacama [c], Coquimbo [c], Valparaíso [c], Metropolitana de Santiago [c], O´Higgins [c], Maule [c], Ñuble [c], Biobío [c], Araucanía [c], Los Rios [c], Los Lagos [c], Magallanes [c]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [c]; Falkland Isl. [c]; South Georgia Isl. [c]
11 ger hun lie slo swi 12 cis 13 bih cro grc kri slv 14 blr rus 20 alg lby mor tun 21 cny cvi mdr 22 ben 23 bio caf cmn sao 24 ssu sud 26 ang moz zim 27 saf 29 aga mau mdg reu 30 sib 31 rfe 32 kaz tkm tzk uzb 33 arm aze ncs 34 eai tur 35 bar kuw oma qat sau uae yem 36 chi 38 jap kor kzn nns tai 40 ban bhu ind nep pak srl 41 and cbd mya ncb tha vie 42 jaw phi 50 aus 51 auc ctm nzl 60 fij gil nue nwc rot 61 aui 62 gum mrs plu wak 63 haw 70 ask 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 glp mex 80 cos els gua hon nic pan 81 bbd ber cub his pue sab sba vir 82 clm 83 bol ecu gal per 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf par uru 91 fal sge
Remarks: raphanistrum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Crucifera raphanus E.H.L.Krause; 168 (1902), nom. inval.
= Raphanistrum gayanum Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 4: 44 (1837)
= Raphanus acanthiformis Morel ex L.Sisley; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 46: 445 (1874)
= Raphanus caudatus L.; Mant. 1: 95 (1767)
= Raphanus gayanus (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) G.Don; Sw., Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 44 (1839)
= Raphanus indicus Sinskaya; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 26(2): 36, 58 (1931)
= Raphanus niger var. albus DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 665 (1821)
= Raphanus niger var. vulgaris DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 665 (1821), nom. inval.
= Raphanus orbicularis Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 3 (1768)
= Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. caudatus (L.) Thell.; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 275 (1918)
= Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 26: 255 (1910)
= Raphanus raphanistrum subf. silvester (W.D.J.Koch) M.Hiroë; Pl. Basho ´s & Buson s´ Hokku Lit. 8(1): 126 (1971)
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. sativus (L.) Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2: 500 (1892)
= Raphanus sativus convar. esculentus (Metzg.) Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 258 (1866)
= Raphanus sativus convar. hybernus (Alef.) Sazonova; Kulturnaya Fl. SSSR 18: 202 (1985)
= Raphanus sativus convar. lobo Sazonova; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selek. 45(1): 74 (1971)
= Raphanus sativus f. augustanus (Alef.) Thell.; 281 (1918)
= Raphanus sativus f. autumnalis (Alef.) Thell.; 281 (1918)
= Raphanus sativus f. chloris (Alef.) Thell.; 281 (1918)
= Raphanus sativus f. esculentus (Metzg.) M.Hiroe; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 126 (1971)
= Raphanus sativus f. griseolus Thell.; 282 (1918)
= Raphanus sativus f. leucanthus Thell.; 282 (1918)
= Raphanus sativus f. purpureus (Alef.) Thell.; 282 (1918)
= Raphanus sativus f. rubrofulvus Thell.; 282 (1918)
= Raphanus sativus f. scarlatinosus (Alef.) Thell.; 282 (1918)
= Raphanus sativus f. violiflorus Thell.; 282 (1918)
= Raphanus sativus f. vitreus (Alef.) Thell.; 282 (1918)
= Raphanus sativus subsp. acanthiformis (Blanch.) Stank.; Kulturnaya Fl. SSSR 18: 209 (1985)
= Raphanus sativus subsp. esculentus Metzg.; Landw. Pfl.-K. 2: 1060 (1841)
= Raphanus sativus subf. silvester (W.D.J.Koch) M.Hiroe; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 126 (1971)
= Raphanus sativus subvar. sylvestris (W.D.J.Koch) Thell.; 280 (1918)
= Raphanus sativus var. caudatus (L.) Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 258 (1866)
= Raphanus sativus var. hortensis Backer; Fl. Batav. 51 (1907)
= Raphanus sativus var. incarnatus Sazonova; Kulturnaya Fl. SSSR 18: 208 (1985)
= Raphanus sativus var. lobo Sazonova & Stank.; Kulturnaya Fl. SSSR 18: 208 (1985)
= Raphanus sativus var. minor J.Kern.; Abbild. Õkon. Pfl. 2: 86, t. 135 (1788)
= Raphanus sativus var. mougri H.W.J.Helm; Kulturpflanze 5: 52 (1967)
= Raphanus sativus var. napiformis (Mill.); Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 687 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. superfl.
= Raphanus sativus var. nonpinnatus L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 1: 25 (1920)
= Raphanus sativus var. oblongus DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 664 (1821)
= Raphanus sativus var. parvipinnatus L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 1: 25 (1920)
= Raphanus sativus var. roseus Sazonova; Wulff, Kul´t. Fl. SSSR 18: 208 (1985)
= Raphanus sativus var. rubidus Sazonova; Wulff, Kul´t. Fl. SSSR 18: 209 (1985)
= Raphanus sativus var. sylvestris W.D.J.Koch; 1019 (1845)
= Raphanus sativus var. syrengeus Sazonova; Kulturnaya Fl. SSSR 18: 209 (1985)
= Raphanus sativus var. virens Sazonova; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selek. 45(1): 74 (1971)
= Raphanus sativus var. vulgaris Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 4: 392 (1829)
= Raphanus stenocarpus Kitag.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48: 96 (1934)
= Raphanus taquetii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 349 (1912)
variant :
var. albus Rchb.; 656 (1832)
Name: Weißer Rettich (DE)
Distribution: cult.
Synonyms: hidden
= Raphanus sativus f. exsuccus (Thell.) M.Hiroe; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 126 (1971)
= Raphanus sativus var. exsuccus Thell.; 280 (1918)
= Raphanus sativus var. fusiformis Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 482 (1812)
= Raphanus sativus var. fusiformis Merrem; 300 (1809)
= Raphanus sativus var. griseus Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 260 (1866)
= Raphanus sativus var. griseus Rchb.; 656 (1832)
= Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus L.H.Bailey; Gentes Herbarum 1: 25 (1920)
= Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus Thorsrud & Reisæter; 94 (1948), nom. inval.
= Raphanus sativus var. major Jess.; 262 (1879)
variant :
var. niger (Mill.) Pers.; 208 (1806)
Name: Schwarzer Rettich (DE)
Distribution: cult.
Synonyms: hidden
= Raphanus niger Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 4 (1768)
= Raphanus radicula Pers.; Syn. Pl. 2: 208 (1806)
= Raphanus radicula var. oblongus DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 664 (1821)
= Raphanus radicula var. rotundus (Mill.) DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 663 (1821)
= Raphanus raphanistrum subvar. niger (Mill.) Thell.; Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 281 (1918)
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. niger (Mill.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 406 (1936)
= Raphanus raphanistrum var. radicula (DC.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France: 406 (1936)
= Raphanus rotundus Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 2 (1768)
= Raphanus sativus convar. radicula (Pers.) Sazonova; Kulturnaya Fl. SSSR 18: 204 (1985)
= Raphanus sativus f. rotundus (Mill.) Thell.; 281 (1918)
= Raphanus sativus subsp. niger (DC.) Schübl. & G.Martens; 415 (1834)
= Raphanus sativus subsp. niger (Mill.) Lej. & Courtois; Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 317 (1831)
= Raphanus sativus subsp. radicula (Pers.) Lej. & Courtois; Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 317 (1831)
= Raphanus sativus subsp. radiola (DC.) Schübl. & G.Martens; 415 (1834)
= Raphanus sativus subf. niger (Mill.) M.Hiroe; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 127 (1971)
= Raphanus sativus subvar. niger (Mill.) Thell.; 281 (1918)
= Raphanus sativus subvar. radicula (Pers.) Thell.; 281 (1918)
= Raphanus sativus var. niger (Mill.) J.Kern.; Abbild. Õkon. Pfl. 3: t. 257, 258 (1789)
= Raphanus sativus var. radicula Pers.; Syn. 2: 208 (1806)
= Raphanus sativus var. radiola (DC:) Döll; 602 (1843)
= Raphanus sativus var. rotundus (Mill.) Thell.; 281 (1918)
= Raphanus sativus var. rotundus Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 4: 392 (1829), nom. illeg.
= Raphanus sativus var. rotundus Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 482 (1812)
variant :
var. oleifer Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 482 (1812)
Distribution: cult.
Synonyms: hidden
= Raphanus acanthiformis f. raphanistroides H.Hara; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49: 73 (1935)
= Raphanus acanthiformis Morel ex Sasaki; List Pl. Formos. 202 (1928), nomen
= Raphanus acanthiformis var. raphanistroides (Makino) H.Hara; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49: 73 (1935)
= Raphanus chinensis Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: no. 5 (1768) (non (L.) Crantz 1769)
= Raphanus macropodus H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 349 (1912)
= Raphanus macropodus var. spontaceus Nakai; Cat. Sem. Spor. [1919 & 1920 Lect.] 1: 37 (1920)
= Raphanus oleifer Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 437 (1841)
= Raphanus radicula var. oleifera DC.; Syst. Nat. 2: 664 (1821)
= Raphanus raphanistroides (Makino) Nakai; Cat. Sem. Hort. Tokyo, 6 (1913) nomen, et in Cat. Sem. Hort. Tokyo, 1919-20,36 (1920)
= Raphanus sativus convar. minowase (Kitam.) Sazonova; Wulff, Kul´t. Fl. SSSR 18: 211 (1985)
= Raphanus sativus convar. oleifer Alef.; Landw. Fl.: 258 (1866), nom. illeg.
= Raphanus sativus convar. oleiferus (L.) Sazonova & Stank.; Kulturnaya Fl. SSSR 18: 209 (1985)
= Raphanus sativus f. aka-daikon Kitam.
= Raphanus sativus f. albescens (Makino) M.Hiroë; Pl. Basho ´s & Buson ´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 127 (1971)
= Raphanus sativus f. longirostris Thell.; 281 (1918)
= Raphanus sativus f. minowase Kitam.
= Raphanus sativus f. raphanistroides Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 70 (1909)
= Raphanus sativus subsp. oleifer (Stokes) Metzg.; Landw. Pfl.-K. 2: 1059 (1841)
= Raphanus sativus subsp. raphanistroides Sazonova; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selek. 45(1): 74 (1971), without type
= Raphanus sativus subsp. sinensis (Mill.) Sazonova & Stank.; Kulturnaya Fl. SSSR 18: 205 (1985), isonym
= Raphanus sativus subsp. sinensis (Mill.) Sazonova; Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selek. 45(1): 74 (1971)
= Raphanus sativus subsp. sinensis Sazonova & Stank.; Wulff, Kul´t. Fl. SSSR 18: 205 (1985)
= Raphanus sativus subf. oleifer (DC.) M.Hiroe; Pl. Basho´s & Buson´s Hokku Lit. 8(1): 126 (1971), no basionym ref.
= Raphanus sativus subvar. oleifer (DC.) Thell.; 280 (1918)
= Raphanus sativus var. aka-daikon (Kitam.) Sazonova; Wulff, Kul´t. Fl. SSSR 18: 211 (1985)
= Raphanus sativus var. chinensis (Mill.) Boenn.; Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal.: 203 (1824), nom. superfl.
= Raphanus sativus var. gigantissimus Nakai
= Raphanus sativus var. horyo Nakai
= Raphanus sativus var. macropodus (H.Lév.) Makino
= Raphanus sativus var. miyashige Nakai
= Raphanus sativus var. nerima Nakai
= Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis Pers.; Syn. Pl. 2: 208 (1806), nom. inval.
= Raphanus sativus var. raphanistroides (Makino) Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 1: 114 (1917)
= Raphanus sativus var. sempervinus Nakai
= Raphanus sativus var. shogoin Nakai
= Raphanus sinensis Thunb. ex Pritz.; Icon. Bot. Index, ed. 2: 239 (1866), orth. var.
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


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