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293.0000 Family Brassicaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 854, 1093, 1123 (1835), nom. cons.
339 genera, ca. 4050 spp. Updated phylogeny see Hendriks et al. (2022) and German et al. (2023)
Species listed in database: 4087; hybrids: 111
= Arabidaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 573 (1843)
= Cruciferae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 237 (1789), nom. cons.
= Drabaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 215 (1820)
= Erysimaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 238 (1820)
= Isatidaceae Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 3: 1310 (1861)
= Raphanaceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam. 169 (1847)
= Schizopetalaceae A.Juss.; Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 11: 419 (1848)
= Sisymbriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 583 (1820)
= Stanleyaceae Nutt.; J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 85 (1834)
= Thlaspiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 633 (1820)
293.7372 Genus Rapistrum Crantz; Cl. Crucif. Emend. 62, 105 (1769) nom. conserv.
Distribution: C- and E-Europe, MediterTanean, W-(incl. Caucasus) and Middle Asia
Species listed in database: 2
= Arthrolobus Andrz. ex DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 430 (1821)
= Rapistrella Pomel; Mat. Fl. Atl. 11 (1860)
= Schrankia Medik.; Pfl.-Gatt. 42 (1792), non Schranckia J.F.Gmel.
species :
Rapistrum perenne (L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 258 (1785)
Name: Ausdauernder Windsbock (DE), Perennial bastardcabbage (EN)
Distribution: Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany (Brandenburg [I], Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern [I], Hessen [I], Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz [I], Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland [I], Sachsen [I], Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland [I]; Austria; Poland [I]; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France [I]; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Canada [I] (Saskatchewan [I])
11 AUT bgm CZE GER HUN net pol SLO swi 12 fra 13 BUL CRO ITA KOS ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR est lat lit RUS UKR 71 cdn
Synonyms: hidden
= Arthrolobus perennis (L.) Andrz. ex DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 431 (1821)
= Bunias perennis (L.) Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 2: 2 (1813)
= Cakile perennis (L.) L´Hér. ex DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 5: 719 (1805)
= Crucifera rapistra E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 6: 123 (1902), nom. illeg.
= Myagrum biarticulatum Cranz; Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 1: 4 (1762)
= Myagrum bienne Chaix; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 1: 350 (1786)
= Myagrum perenne L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 640 (1753)
= Rapistrum costatum DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 434 (1821)
= Rapistrum diffusum Crantz; Cl. Crucif. Emend. 105 (1769)
= Schrankia divaricata Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 86 (1802), nom. illeg.
species :
Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 257 (1785)
subspecies :
subsp. rugosum
Name: Runzeliger Windsbock (DE); Bastard Cabbage (EN); Rabaniza amarilla (ES)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Liechtenstein [I]; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary [I]; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. [I] (Guernsey [I], Jersey [I]); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania [I]; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. most islands); Crete; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus; E-European Russia; Ukraine [I]; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Corvo Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, Hierro, La Palma); Ethiopia; Eritrea; Zimbabwe [I]; Namibia [I]; South Africa [I]; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran, C-Iran, NE-Iran); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Jordania (W-Jordania); Yemen; South Korea [I]; Taiwan [I]; W-Pakistan; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Easter Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I]); Canada [I] (Ontario [I], Quebec [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Indiana [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Nevada [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Washington [I], Wisconsin [I]); Mexico [I]; Colombia [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I])
10 grb ire 11 aut bgm CZE ger hun lie net pol SLO swi 12 ADO BAL cis COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PEL rom SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR est KRY lat lit RUS ukr 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR 24 ERI ETH 26 zim 27 nam saf 31 rfe 32 KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 YEM 38 kor tai 40 PAK 50 aus nfk 51 nzl 61 eas 63 haw 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 82 clm 83 bol 84 bra 85 arg cle uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Arthrolobus rugosus (L.) Andrz. ex DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 432 (1821)
= Bunias perennis Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 91 (1802)
= Bunias raphanifolia Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 2: 2 (1813)
= Bunias verrucosa Moench; Methodus [Moench] 277 (1794)
= Cakile clavata (DC.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 852 (1825)
= Cakile rugosa (L.) L´Hér. ex DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 5: 719 (1805)
= Cakile rugosa var. stylosa DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 598 (1815)
= Cochlearia rugosa (L.) Crantz; Cl. Crucif. Emend. 100 (1769)
= Crucifera erratica E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, Abbild., 6: 123 (1902)
= Crucifera rugosa (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 6: 124 (1902)
= Myagrum clavatum Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 47 (1811), nom. illeg.
= Myagrum monospermum Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. xxix (1775)
= Myagrum procumbens Pourr.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse 3: 322 (1788)
= Myagrum rugosum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 640 (1753)
= Myagrum stylosum Gochnat ex DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 432 (1821), pro syn.
= Myagrum venosum Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 183 (1806)
= Rapistrum clavatum DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 433 (1821)
= Rapistrum confusum Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 356 (1875)
= Rapistrum conoideum Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 356 (1875)
= Rapistrum hirsutum Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 2: 220 (1827)
= Rapistrum hirtum Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 2: 220 (1827)
= Rapistrum hispanicum Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 6 (1842), nom. illeg.
= Rapistrum hispidum Godr.; Mém. Sect. Med. Acad. Sci. Montpellier 1: 416 (1853)
= Rapistrum longiracemosum Sennen; Monde Pl. 31(185): 28 (1930)
= Rapistrum nemausense (Roux ex Cabanès) P.Fourn. & Cabanès; Monde Pl. 34: 44 (1933)
= Rapistrum rugosum f. arenicola Bolzon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1911: 56 (1911)
= Rapistrum rugosum f. pallidiflorum (Thell.) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 4(1): 293 (1918)
= Rapistrum rugosum f. strictissimum (Pomel) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 4(1): 293 (1918)
= Rapistrum rugosum f. stylosum (Gochnat) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 4(1): 293 (1918)
= Rapistrum rugosum f. subscaposum Bolzon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1911: 56 (1911)
= Rapistrum rugosum f. venosum (Pers.) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 4(1): 293 (1918)
= Rapistrum rugosum subsp. nemausense (Roux ex Cabanès) P.Fourn. & Cabanès; Monde Pl. 34: 44 (1933)
= Rapistrum rugosum subvar. eriocarpum (Webb & Berthel.) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 4(1): 293 (1918)
= Rapistrum rugosum subvar. leiocarpum (Webb & Berthel.) Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 4(1): 293 (1918)
= Rapistrum rugosum subvar. pallidiflorum Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 52: 447 (1908)
= Rapistrum rugosum subvar. scabrum Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 52: 447 (1908)
= Rapistrum rugosum var. conoideum (Pomel) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 12: 374 (1965)
= Rapistrum rugosum var. scabrum Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 2: 72 (1895)
= Rapistrum rugosum var. strictissimum (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 33 (1888)
= Rapistrum rugosum var. stylosum (DC.) DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 432 (1821)
= Rapistrum rugosum var. venosum (Pers.) DC.; Syst. Nat. [Candolle] 2: 432 (1821)
= Rapistrum strictissimum Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 356 (1875)
= Rapistrum venosum Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 29 (1878)
= Schrankia rugosa (L.) Medik.; Pfl.-Gatt. [Medikus] 44 (1792)
subspecies :
subsp. linnaeanum (Boiss. & Reut.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 2: 73 (1895)
Name: Linné-Windsbock (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; S-Europe; NW-Africa
11 ger
Remarks: distribution incompletely known, often included in nominate subspecies
Synonyms: hidden
= Cordylocarpus glaber D.Dietr. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 226 (1821)
= Hirschfeldia hispanica (L.) Linding.; Abh. Auslandsk., Reihe C, Naturwiss. 8: 200 (1926)
= Myagrum hispanicum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 640 (1753)
= Rapistrum glabrum Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 2: 220 (1827)
= Rapistrum hispanicum (L.) Crantz; Cl. Crucif. Emend. 106 (1769)
= Rapistrum linnaeanum Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 5 (1842), nom. superfl.
= Rapistrum microcarpum Jord. ex Loret; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 6: 93 (1859)
= Rapistrum rugosum proles microcarpum Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 2: 73 (1895)
= Rapistrum rugosum subsp. hispanicum (L.) Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 52: 448 (1908)
= Rapistrum rugosum subsp. linnaeanum (Coss.) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 2: 73 (1895)
= Rapistrum rugosum subsp. microcarpum (Jord. ex Loret) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 407 (1936)
= Rapistrum rugosum subvar. glabrum (Cariot ex Rouy & Foucaud) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 12: 374 (1965)
= Rapistrum rugosum subvar. glabrum (Cariot ex Rouy & Foucaud) Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 52: 448 (1908)
= Rapistrum rugosum subvar. hirsutisiliquum Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 52: 448 (1908)
= Rapistrum rugosum subvar. hirsutum (Cariot ex Rouy & Foucaud) Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 52: 448 (1908), nom. illeg.
= Rapistrum rugosum var. glabrum (Host) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 2: 73 (1895)
= Rapistrum rugosum var. glabrum Cariot ex Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 2: 73 (1895)
= Rapistrum rugosum var. hirsutum Cariot ex Rouy & Foucaud
= Rapistrum rugosum var. linnaeanum Coss.; Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 312 (1887)
= Rapistrum rugosum var. microcarpum (Jord. ex Loret) Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 2: 73 (1895)
= Rapistrum rugosum var. microcarpum (Jord.) Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 52: 448 (1908), nom. illeg.
subspecies :
subsp. orientale (L.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 49 (1882)
Name: Orient-Windsbock (DE), Oriental Bastard Cabbage (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; SE-Europe
11 ger
Remarks: distribution incompletely known, often included in nominate subspecies
Synonyms: hidden
= Myagrum orientale L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 640 (1753)
= Rapistrum orientale (L.) Crantz; Cl. Crucif. Emend. 106 (1769)
= Rapistrum rugosum subvar. glabrisiliquum Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 4(1): 294 (1918)
= Rapistrum rugosum subvar. hispidum (Godr.) Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 52: 447 (1908)
= Rapistrum rugosum var. macrocarpum Rouy & Foucaud; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 2: 74 (1895)
= Rapistrum rugosum var. orientale (L.) Coss.; Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 312 (1887)
= Schrankia sulcata Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 87 (1802), nom. illeg.
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life