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178.0000 Family Poaceae Barnhart; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 7 (1895), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 800 genera, ca. 12.000 spp. worldwide. Systematics following Soreng et al. (2017) and Soreng et al. (2022)
Species listed in database: 12194; hybrids: 391
= Aegilopaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 221 (1820)
= Agrostidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Alopecuraceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 19 (1820)
= Andropogonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 28 (1820)
= Anomochloaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Anthoxanthaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Arundinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 60 (1843)
= Arundinellaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 136 (1940)
= Asperellaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 270 (1827)
= Avenaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 60. 31 (1820)
= Bambusaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Bromaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Cenchraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 9, 268 (1827)
= Chaeturaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 269 (1827)
= Chloridaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Chondrosaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)
= Coleanthaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. [Pfeiffer] 1(2): 818. ante (1873)
= Cynodontaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 51, 269 (1827)
= Cynosuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271, 272 (1827)
= Echinariaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Ehrhartaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Eragrostidaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Festucaceae Spreng.; Fl. Comit. Pest. 1: 28 (1825)
= Glyceriaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Gramineae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 28 (1789), nom. cons.
= Holcaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 252 (1833)
= Hordeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Laguraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)
= Lepturaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 147 (1940)
= Loliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 6, 267 (1827)
= Melicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 390 (1820)
= Miliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 91, 270 (1827)
= Nardaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 413 (1820)
= Olyraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Ophiuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 3, 268 (1827)
= Oryzaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Panicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Pappophoraceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Parianaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Paspalaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 47, 269 (1827)
= Phalaridaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)
= Pharaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 139 (1940)
= Phleaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)
= Saccharaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Sesleriaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 60 (1843)
= Spartinaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 46, 268 (1827)
= Stipaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Streptochaetaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Triticaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 22, 268 (1827)
= Zeaceae A.J.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 651 (1891)
= Zoysiaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 8, 268 (1827)
178.8917 Genus Schismus P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 73, t. 15, f. 4 (1812). 73, t. 15, f. 4 (1812)
Distribution: South Africa, Mediterranean, W-(incl. Caucasus) and Middle Asia, Siberia, to NW-India
Species listed in database: 5
= Electra Panz.; Ideen Rev. Gräser 299 (1813), nom. inval.
= Hemisacris Steud.; Flora 12: 490 (1829)
species :
Schismus arabicus Nees; Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 422 (1841)
Name: Arabisches Gras (DE); Arabian Grass (EN); Aceitilla morisca (ES)
Distribution: C-Greece (Gulf of Attiki, Kithnos, Siros, Serifos, Sifnos, Kimolos, Thira); Crete (Messara plain); ?Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, Lanzarote); Ethiopia; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Bamyan, Farah, Helmand, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Logar, Nangarhar); Cyprus (N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria); Israel (C-Israel, coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, Nejd Desert, Nafud Desert); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman); China (Xinjiang); W-Tibet; Mongolia; Pakistan (Baluchistan, N.W.Frontier Prov., Pakistani Punjab, Swat, Gilgit, Skardu); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I]); USA [I] (Arizona [I], California [I], New Mexico [I], Nevada [I], Utah [I]); Mexico [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I])
13 GRC KRI 20 ALG LBY TUN 21 CNY 24 ETH 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 35 BAR KUW OMA QAT SAU UAE 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 40 IND PAK 50 aus 76 usa 77 usa 79 mex 85 arg cle
Synonyms: hidden
= Schismus arabicus var. violaceus Muschl.; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 49: 75 (1908)
= Schismus barbatus subsp. arabicus (Nees) Maire & Weiller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 310 (1939)
= Schismus barbatus var. arabicus (Nees) J.P.Sm.; Aliso 28: 66 (2010)
= Schismus calycinus var. arabicus (Nees) Kuntze; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 254 (1887)
= Schismus spectabilis Fig. & De Not.; Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino, Ser. 2, 12: 255 (1852)
species :
Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 7: 391 (1907)
Name: Common Mediterranean grass (EN); Bartschmiele (DE); Aceitilla peluda (ES)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Spain; Baleares; France (S-France); Morocco; Algeria (incl. Hoggar); Tunisia; Libya (incl. Tibesti); Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Madeira (Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Mauritania; N-Chad (incl. Tibesti); Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Free State, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Turkmenistan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Wakhan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Farah, Helmand, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, Nangarhar, Nimroz, Orozgan / Daykundi, Parwan, Samangan, Takhar); Israel (C-Israel, coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, S-Negev Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Tibet; Pakistan (Gilgit); NW-India; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], S-Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); USA [I] (Arizona [I], California [I], New Mexico [I], Nevada [I], Texas [I], Utah [I]); Mexico [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I])
11 ger 12 BAL FRA SPA 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY MDR 22 MTN 24 CHA 27 BOT LES NAM SAF 32 TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR JOR SIN 35 BAR KUW OMA QAT SAU UAE 36 TIB 40 IND PAK 50 aus 76 usa 77 usa 79 mex 85 arg cle
Synonyms: hidden
= Agrostis calycina Willd. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 39 (1840), pro syn.
= Dactylis calycina (Loefl) Scop.; Intr. Hist. Nat. 74 (1777)
= Electra brevifolia Nees ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 516 (1841), pro syn.
= Electra calycina (Loefl.) Panz.; Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 4: 299 (1813 publ. 1814)
= Electra nitida Panz. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 516 (1841), pro syn.
= Electra ovalis Nees ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 516 (1841), pro syn.
= Festuca barbata L.; Demonstr. Pl. 3 (1753)
= Festuca calycina Loefl.; Iter Hispan. [Loefling] 116 (1758)
= Festuca minuta Hoffm.; Commentat. Soc. Phys.-Med. Univ. Lit. Caes. Mosq. 1: 43 (1808), ex Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 404
= Hemisacris gonatodes Steud.; Flora 12: 490 (1829)
= Koeleria calycina (Loefl.) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 271 (1815)
= Koeleria cantabrica Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 1: 75 (1861)
= Koeleria multiculmis DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 271 (1815)
= Schismus arabicus var. minutus (Hoffm.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 598 (1884)
= Schismus barbatus f. coloratus Jahand. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc [Jahandiez et al.] 3: 863 (1934)
= Schismus barbatus subsp. calicinus (L.) Maire & Weiller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 310 (1939), orth. var.
= Schismus barbatus subsp. calycinus (Loefl.) Maire & Weiller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 310 (1939)
= Schismus barbatus subsp. perennis (Ducell & Maire) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 2: 369 (1953)
= Schismus barbatus var. minutus (Hoffm.) Maire & Weiller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 310 (1939)
= Schismus barbatus var. perennis (Ducell & Maire) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 2: 369 (1953)
= Schismus brevifolius Nees; Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 422 (1841)
= Schismus calycinus (L.) Duval-Jouve; Annot. Fl. France Allemagne 285 (1855), isonym
= Schismus calycinus (Loefl.) K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 397 (1848)
= Schismus calycinus f. nanus Kuntze; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 254 (1887)
= Schismus calycinus subvar. minutus Coss. & Durieu; Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 138 (1855)
= Schismus calycinus var. marginatus (P.Beauv.) Kuntze; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 154 (1887)
= Schismus calycinus var. minutus (Hoffm.) Kuntze; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 254 (1887)
= Schismus calycinus var. neglectus Kuntze; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 254 (1887)
= Schismus calycinus var. tenuis (Steud.) T.Durand & Schinz; Consp. Fl. Afr. [Durand & Schinz] 5: 507 (1894)
= Schismus fasciculatus P.Beauv. ex Trin.; Fund. Agrost. [Trinius] 148 (1820), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Schismus fasciculatus var. flaccidus Stapf; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 7: 694 (1900)
= Schismus fasciculatus var. perennans Stapf; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 7: 694 (1900)
= Schismus fasciculatus var. tenuis (Steud.) Stapf; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 7: 694 (1900)
= Schismus hirsutus Trin.; Fund. Agrost. [Trinius] 148 (1820), pro syn.
= Schismus littoralis Coste; Fl. Descr. France 3: 604 (1906)
= Schismus marginatus P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 177, pl. 15, f. 4 (1812)
= Schismus minutus (Hoffm.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 584 (1817)
= Schismus ovalis Nees; Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 421 (1841)
= Schismus perennis Ducell. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 220 (1932)
= Schismus scaberrimus var. nanus Nees; Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 423 (1841)
= Schismus tenuis Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 295 (1854)
species :
Schismus inermis (Stapf) C.E.Hubb.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 10: 147 (1937), in obs.
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Danthonia inermis Stapf; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 7: 534 (1899)
= Schismus koelerioides Stapf; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 7: 694 (1900)
species :
Schismus scaberrimus Nees; Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 423 (1841)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Electra scaberrima Nees ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 516 (1841), pro syn.
= Schismus aristulatus Stapf; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 7: 695 (1900)
species :
Schismus schismoides (Stapf ex Conert) Verboom & H.P.Linder; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 97(3): 353 (2010)
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Danthonia schismoides Stapf ex Conert; Senckenberg. Biol. 46: 180 (1965)
= Karroochloa schismoides (Stapf ex Conert) Conert & Türpe; Senckenberg. Biol. 50: 299 (1969)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life