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106.0000 Family Zosteraceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 65, 66 (1829), nom. cons.
2-4 genera, ca. 20 spp.
Species listed in database: 21
= Zostereae Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 163 (1827)
= Zosteroideae Buchenau; Fl. Nordwestdeut. Tiefebene 41 (1894)
106.0002 Genus Zostera L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 968 (1753)
Distribution: coasts of northern hemisphere
Species listed in database: 15
= Alga Tourn. ex Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 539 (1778)
= Zoster St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 8: 159 (1881)
= Heterozostera (Setch.) Hartog; Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, 59(1) (Sea-Grasses of the World): 114 (1970)
= Nanozostera Toml. & Posl.; Taxon 50: 432 (2001)
species :
Zostera angustifolia (Hornem.) Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 7: 3 (1845)
Distribution: Iceland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; N-European Russia; Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan); Alaska; Greenland; ?Canada
10 DEN ICE NOR SWE 14 RUS 31 RFE 70 ASK GNL
Remarks: Distribution imperfectly known. A more northerly species than Z. marina, mostly arctic
Synonyms: hidden
= Zostera dubia E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, Abbild., 4: 70 (1905), not validly publ.
= Zostera hornemanniana Tutin; J. Bot. 74: 227 (1936)
= Zostera hornemannii Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 13: 290 (1912), nom. superfl.
= Zostera marina proles angustifolia (Hornem.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 1: 298 (1907)
= Zostera marina proles hornemannii Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 13: 290 (1912)
= Zostera marina subsp. hornemanniana (Tutin) Rothm.; Exkursionsfl. Deutschland [Rothmaler] 4: 19 (1963)
= Zostera marina var. angustifolia Hornem.; Fl. Dan. [Oeder et al.] 9(3): t. 1501 (1807)
species :
Zostera asiatica Miki; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46(552): 776-779, f. 4, t. 13, f, G. (1932)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); China (Liaoning); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido)
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO
species :
Zostera caespitosa Miki; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46(552): 780-781, f. 5, t. 13D-E, H. (1932)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl.); China (Liaoning); South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Zostera geojeensis H.Shin, K.H.Cho & Y.S.Oh; Algae 17: 71 (2002)
species :
Zostera capensis Setch.; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 19: 815 (1933)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Madagascar
25 KEN TAN 26 ANG MOZ 27 SAF 29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Nanozostera capensis (Setch.) Toml. & Posl.; Taxon 50: 432 (2001)
= Zostera capensis f. elatior (Setch.) Setch.; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 19: 810 (1933)
species :
Zostera capricorni Asch.; Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 1876: 11 (1876)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (coastal Queensland, E-New South Wales); Lord Howe Isl.; New Zealand
42 NWG 50 AUS LHI 51 NZL
Synonyms: hidden
= Nanozostera capricorni (Asch.) Toml. & Posl.; Taxon 50: 432 (2001)
= Zostera muelleri subsp. capricorni (Asch.) S.W.L.Jacobs; Telopea 11(2): 128 (2006)
species :
Zostera caulescens Miki; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46(552): 779, f. 4, t. 13A-C, F. (1932)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Primorye); China (Liaoning); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu)
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO
species :
Zostera chilensis (J.Kuo) S.W.L.Jacobs & Les; Telopea 12(3): 422 (2009)
Name: Seba de mar (Chile)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama, Coquimbo)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Heterozostera chilensis J.Kuo; Aquatic Bot. 81: 126 (2005)
species :
Zostera japonica Asch. & Graebn.; Pflanzenr. [Engler], IV.11, Heft 31 (Potamoget.): 32 (1907)
Name: Dwarf eelgrass
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); China (Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong); South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I]); USA [I] (Oregon [I], Washington State [I]);
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NNS 71 cdn 73 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Nanozostera americana (Hartog) Toml. & Posl.; Taxon 50: 432 (2001)
= Nanozostera japonica (Asch. & Graebn.) Toml. & Posl.; Taxon 50: 432 (2001)
= Zostera americana Hartog; Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, 59(1) (Sea-Grasses of the World): 74 (1970)
= Zostera japonica subsp. austroasiatica Ohba & Miyata; Seagrasses Japan 9 (100) (2007), nom. inval. without Latin description
species :
Zostera marina L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 968 (1753)
Name: Seawrack, Eelgrass (EN); Echtes Seegras (DE)
Distribution: Iceland; Faeroe Isl.; England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Schleswig-Holstein); Poland; Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (very rare mainland, Kiklades, Kerkyra, Thasos, Samothraki); Crete; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; European Russia (N-European Russia, C-European Russia, W-European Russia, S-European Russia); Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); China (Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Ayeyarwady, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi); Thailand; Alaska; Aleutes; Greenland; Canada (British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (California, Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Virginia, Washington State); Bermuda; Isla Guadalupe; Clipperton Isl.
10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 BGM GER NET POL 12 BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI MNT ROM SIC SLV TUE 14 EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR 31 RFE 33 AZE GEO NCS 34 EAI TUR 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO 40 BAN 41 MYA THA 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 75 USA 76 USA 78 USA 79 GLP 80 CLI 81 BER
Synonyms: hidden
= Alga marina (L.) Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 539 (1779)
= Zostera latifolia (Morong) Morong; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 3(2): 63 (1893)
= Zostera marina f. latifolia (Morong) Setch.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 54: 3 (1927)
= Zostera marina f. sulcatifolia Setch.; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 19: 813 (1933)
= Zostera marina subsp. angustifolia (Hornem.) Lemke; Exkursionsfl. Deutschland [Rothmaler] 19 (1963), nom. inval.
= Zostera marina var. atam T.W.H.Backman; Canad. J. Bot. 69(6): 1368 (1991)
= Zostera marina var. izembekensis T.W.H.Backman; Canad. J. Bot. 69(6): 1368 (1991)
= Zostera marina var. latifolia Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 37 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Zostera marina var. latifolia Morong; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 13: 160 (1886), nom. illeg.
= Zostera marina var. major Roth; Enum. Pl. Phan. Germ. 1(1): 8 (1827)
= Zostera marina var. phillipsii T.W.H.Backman; Canad. J. Bot. 69(6): 1368 (1991)
= Zostera marina var. stenophylla (Raf.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 1: 297 (1897)
= Zostera maritima Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 76, t. 19 (1788)
= Zostera oregana S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 131 (1891)
= Zostera pacifica S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 131 (1891)
= Zostera stenophylla Raf.; Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2: 175 (1818)
species :
Zostera mucronata Hartog; Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, 59(1) (Sea-Grasses of the World): 91 (1970)
Distribution: Australia (coastal Western Australia: Swan River to Albany, South Australia: Port Lincoln to Port Clinton and Kangaroo Isl.)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Nanozostera mucronata (Hartog) Toml. & Posl.; Taxon 50: 433 (2001)
= Zostera muelleri subsp. mucronata (Hartog) S.W.L.Jacobs; Telopea 11(2): 128 (2006)
species :
Zostera muelleri Irmisch ex Asch.; Linnaea 35: 168 (1867 publ. 1868)
subspecies :
subsp. muelleri
Distribution: Australia (coastal South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Nanozostera muelleri (Irmisch ex Asch.) Toml. & Posl.; Taxon 50: 433 (2001)
= Zostera nana var. muelleri (Irmisch ex Asch.) Kirk; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 10: 392 (1878)
subspecies :
subsp. novazelandica (Setch.) S.W.L.Jacobs; Telopea 11(2): 128 (2006)
Distribution: New Zealand (North Isl., South Isl., incl. Stewart Isl.)
51 NZL
Synonyms: hidden
= Nanozostera novazelandica (Setch.) Toml. & Posl.; Taxon 50: 433 (2001)
= Zostera novazelandica Setch.; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 19: 816 (1933)
species :
Zostera nigricaulis (J.Kuo) S.W.L.Jacobs & Les; Telopea 12(3): 422 (2009)
Distribution: Australia (coastal E-New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, S-Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Heterozostera nigricaulis J.Kuo; Aquatic Bot. 81: 110 (2005)
species :
Zostera noltii Hornem.; Fl. Dan. [Oeder et al.] 12(35): 1 (1832), as ´noltei´
Name: Zwerg-Seegras (DE), Dwarf Eelgrass (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Schleswig-Holstein); Poland; Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (Guernsey, Jersey); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (rare mainland, Kerkyra, Limnos); European Russia (S-European Russia, E-European Russia); Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Mauritania; Madagascar; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios); Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel)
10 DEN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 BGM GER NET POL 12 BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA MNT ROM SIC SLV TUE 14 KRY RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN WSA 22 MTN 29 MDG 32 KAZ TKM UZB 33 AZE NCS 34 EAI IRN ISR LEB TUR
Remarks: often spelled ´noltei´
Synonyms: hidden
= Nanozostera noltii (Hornem.) Toml. & Posl.; Taxon 50: 433 (2001)
= Phucagrostis minor Cavolini; Phucagr. Theophr. Anth. 14, t. 2 (1792), not validly published
= Zostera angustifolia Loser; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 13: 169 (1863) non (Hornem.) Rchb.
= Zostera emarginata Ehrenb. & Hemprich ex Asch.; Linnaea 35: 167 (1867 publ. 1868)
= Zostera minor (Cavolini) Nolte ex Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 7: 2 (1845)
= Zostera nana Roth; Enum. Pl. Phan. Germ. 1(1): 8 (1827), nom. illeg.
= Zostera nana var. latifolia Harmsen; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 46: 871 (1936)
= Zostera nodosa Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 565 (1844), nom. illeg.
= Zostera pumila Le Gall; Congr. Sci. France 16(1): 96, 144 (1850)
= Zostera trinervis Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 319 (1812), nom. illeg.
= Zostera uninervis Vahl ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 137 (1831), nom. illeg.
species :
Zostera polychlamys (J.Kuo) S.W.L.Jacobs & Les; Telopea 12(3): 423 (2009)
Distribution: Australia (coastal South Australia, Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Heterozostera polychlamys J.Kuo; Aquatic Bot. 81: 124 (2005)
species :
Zostera tasmanica G.Martens ex Asch.; Linnaea 35: 168 (1867 publ. 1868)
Distribution: Australia (coastal South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Heterozostera tasmanica (G.Martens ex Asch.) den Hartog; Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, 59(1) (Sea-Grasses of the World) 116 (1970)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life