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407.0000 Family Cactaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 310 (1789), nom. cons.
ca. 140-170 genera (circumscription still very much in flux), ca. 1700-1800 spp. Latest phylogeny: de Vos et al. (2025). There has been excessive splitting, leading to over 3000 species in some collectors view. It should be good practice in the future that each ´new species´ description is confirmed by molecular genetics, not only by morphology.
Species listed in database: 1835; hybrids: 80
= Cereaceae DC. & Spreng.(transl.Jameson); Elem. Philos. Pl. 142 (1821)
= Mammillariaceae D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(5): 352 (2024)
= Nopaleaceae E.Schmid & Curtman; Pflanzenreich [Petermann] 2: 135 (1856)
= Opuntiaceae Desv.; Dict. Rais. Bot. 52, 385 (1817)
407.6886 Genus Acanthocalycium Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 224, 412 (1935)
Distribution: southern South America. Separation from Echinopsis based on molecular results
Species listed in database: 7
= Curvoacanthocactus Guiggi; Coll. Cact. Savona 14 (2025)
= Spinicalycium Frič; nom. inval.
species :
Acanthocalycium hoevenii (Rausch) V.Gapon; 11000 km Argentina Kaktusy 2: 95 (2024)
Distribution: Argentina (Salta)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Lobivia hoevenii Rausch; Kakteen And. Sukk. 60(12): 319 (2009)
species :
Acanthocalycium klimpelianum (Weidlich & Werderm.) Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 225 (1935)
Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, Cordoba, Santiago del Estero)
85 ARG
Remarks: often included in A. spiniflorum
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthocalycium klimpelianum var. macranthum (Rausch) J.G.Lamb.; Cact. d´Argentine 7 (1993), et ed. 2. 9 (1998)
= Acanthocalycium peitscherianum Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 225, 412 (1935)
= Acanthocalycium spiniflorum var. klimpelianum (Weidlich & Werderm.) Donald
= Echinopsis klimpeliana Weidlich & Werderm.; Z. Sukkulentenk. 3: 175 (1928)
= Echinopsis peitscheriana (Backeb.) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley; I.O.S. Bull. 3(3): 97 (1974)
= Lobivia klimpeliana (Weidlich & Werderm.) A.Berger; Kakteen [Berger] 196 (1929)
= Lobivia spiniflora var. klimpeliana (Weidlich & Werderm.) Rausch; Lobivia 85: 157 (1985-1986 publ. 1987)
= Lobivia spiniflora var. peitscheriana (Backeb.) Rausch; Lobivia 85: 158 (1985-86 publ. 1987)
= Spinicalycium klimpelianum (Weidlich & Werderm.) Frič
species :
Acanthocalycium kuehhasii (Rausch) V.Gapon; 11000 km Argentina Kaktusy 2: 95 (2024), as ´keuhhaasii´
Distribution: Argentina (La Rioja)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Lobivia kuehhasii Rausch; Kakteen And. Sukk. 60(12): 320 (2009)
species :
Acanthocalycium leucanthum (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Schlumpb.; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 28: 29 (2012)
Name: Queen of the Night, Rose Easter Lily Cactus
Distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Rio Negro, Salta, Santiago del Estero, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cereus campylacanthus (Pfeiff. & Otto) Mottet; Dict. Prat. Hort. 1: 582 (1892-1893)
= Cereus incurvispinus Otto & A.Dietr.; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 3: 244 (1835)
= Cereus leucanthus (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Pfeiff.; Enum. Diagn. Cact. 71 (1837)
= Curvoacanthocactus leucanthus (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Guiggi; Coll. Cact. Savona 28 (2025)
= Echinocactus leucanthus Gillies ex Salm-Dyck; Hort. Dyck. 341 (1834)
= Echinonyctanthus leucanthus (Pfeiff.) Lem.; Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov. 85 (1839)
= Echinopsis baldiana Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Ser. 2, 11: 490 (1905)
= Echinopsis campylacantha Pfeiff. & Otto; Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: t. 4 (1838)
= Echinopsis campylacantha var. leucantha Labour.; Monogr. Cact. 305 (1853)
= Echinopsis campylacantha var. stylodes Monv. ex Labour.; Monogr. Cact. 305 (1853)
= Echinopsis cordobensis Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Ser. 2, 11: 489 (1905)
= Echinopsis gladispina Y.Itô; Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae 68 (1957)
= Echinopsis intricatissima Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Ser. 2, 11: 491 (1905)
= Echinopsis leucantha (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 6a: 184 (1894), isonym
= Echinopsis leucantha (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 2: 324 (1843)
= Echinopsis leucantha var. brasiliensis Speg.; Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 99: 120 (1925)
= Echinopsis leucantha var. salpingophora K.Schum.; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 62 (1903)
= Echinopsis leucantha var. volliana Backeb.; Descr. Cact. Nov. [Backeberg] 1: 28 (1956 publ. 1957)
= Echinopsis melanopotamica Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Ser. 2, 11: 492 (1905)
= Echinopsis molesta Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Ser. 2, 11: 490 (1905)
= Echinopsis polyacantha Monv.
= Echinopsis salpigophora (Lem.) Salm-Dyck
= Echinopsis salpingantha Y.Itô
= Echinopsis shaferi Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 3: 69 (1922)
= Echinopsis simplex Nied.
= Echinopsis spegazziniana Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 3: 69 (1922)
= Echinopsis xiphacantha Y.Itô
= Echinyctanthus leucanthus Lem.; Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov. 85 (1839)
= Neolobivia xiphacantha Y.Itô; Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae 285 (1957)
species :
Acanthocalycium rhodotrichum (K.Schum.) Schlumpb.; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 28: 29 (2012)
subspecies :
subsp. rhodotrichum
Distribution: Bolivia; WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Concepcion, Cordillera); Uruguay (Paysandu, Rio Negro, San Jose); Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe)
83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthocalycium klinglerianum (Cárdenas) Lodé; Cact.-Advent. Int. (Almeria) 32(1): 52 (2020)
= Curvoacanthocactus rhodotrichus (K.Schum.) Guiggi; Coll. Cact. Savona 14 (2025)
= Echinocactus forbesii Lehm.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 2: 319 (1843)
= Echinopsis forbesii (Lehm.) A.Dietr.; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 17: 193 (1849)
= Echinopsis klingleriana Cárdenas; Cactus (Paris) 85: 109 (1965)
= Echinopsis meyeri Heese; Gartenflora 56: 1 (1907)
= Echinopsis minuana Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Ser. 2, 11: 488 (1905)
= Echinopsis pentlandii var. forbesii (A.Dietr.) Rud.Mey.; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 7: 155 (1897)
= Echinopsis rhodotricha K.Schum.; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 147 (1900)
= Echinopsis rhodotricha var. argentinensis Rud.Mey.; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 188 (1911)
= Echinopsis rhodotricha var. brevispina F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 1: 263 (1979)
= Echinopsis rhodotricha var. robusta Rud.Mey.; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 113 (1914)
= Echinopsis rhodotricha var. roseiflora K.Schum.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3: 251 (1903)
= Echinopsis robinsoniana Werderm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Sonderbeih. C: t. 80 (1934)
= Echinopsis spegazzinii K.Schum. ex Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 488 (1905)
subspecies :
subsp. chacoanum (Schütz) Lodé; Cact.-Advent. Int. (Almeria) 32(1): 52 (2020)
Distribution: Paraguay; Argentina
85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthocalycium rhodotrichum subsp. chacoanum (Schütz) Schlumpb.; Willdenowia 51(2): 264 (2021), isonym
= Curvoacanthocactus rhodotrichus subsp. chacoanus (Schütz) Guiggi; Coll. Cact. Savona 28 (2025)
= Echinopsis chacoana Schütz; Kaktusář. Listy, Heft 1 (1949)
= Echinopsis chacoana var. spinosior (F.Ritter) F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 1: 262 (1979)
= Echinopsis rhodotricha subsp. chacoana (Schütz) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 130 (1995)
= Echinopsis rhodotricha var. chacoana (Schütz) F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 1: 263 (1979)
= Echinopsis rhodotricha var. spinosior (F.Ritter) F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 1: 262 (1979)
species :
Acanthocalycium spiniflorum (K.Schum.) Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 226 (1935)
Distribution: Argentina (Cordoba, San Luis)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthocalycium spiniflorum f. peitscherianum (Backeb.) Donald; Ashingtonia 1: 116 (1975), nom. inval.
= Acanthocalycium spiniflorum f. violaceum (Werderm.) Donald; Ashingtonia 1(10): 116 (1975)
= Acanthocalycium violaceum (Werderm.) Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 226 (1935)
= Echinocactus spiniflorus K.Schum.; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt., Nachtr. 1: 88 (1903)
= Echinopsis spiniflora (K.Schum.) A.Berger; Kakteen [Berger] 340 (1929)
= Echinopsis violacea Werderm.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 262 (1931)
= Lobivia spiniflora (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose ex Hosseus; Revista Centro Estud. Farm., reimpr. 2(6): 16 (1926)
= Lobivia spiniflora (K.Schum.) Rausch; Lobivia 85: 157 (1985-86 publ. 1987), isonym
= Lobivia spiniflora var. macrantha Rausch; Lobivia 85: 158 (1985-1986 publ. 1987)
= Lobivia spiniflora var. violacea (Werderm.) Rausch; Lobivia 85: 157 (1985-86 publ. 1987)
= Spinicalycium spiniflorum (K.Schum.) Frič
= Spinicalycium violaceum (Werderm.) Frič
species :
Acanthocalycium thionanthum (Speg.) Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 227 (1935)
subspecies :
subsp. thionanthum
Distribution: Argentina (Salta, Tucuman)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthocalycium brevispinum F.Ritter; Taxon 13: 144 (1964)
= Acanthocalycium catamarcense F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 2: 465 (1980)
= Acanthocalycium chionanthum (Speg.) Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 225 (1935) 225 (1935
= Acanthocalycium griseum Backeb.; Descr. Cact. Nov. [Backeberg] 3: 5 (1963)
= Acanthocalycium thionanthum var. brevispinum (F.Ritter) Donald
= Acanthocalycium thionanthum var. chionanthum (Speg.) Hosseus
= Echinocactus chionanthus Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 499 (1905)
= Echinocactus thionanthus Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 499 (1905)
= Echinopsis brevispina (F.Ritter) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley; I.O.S. Bull. 3(3): 94 (1974)
= Echinopsis chionantha (Speg.) Werderm.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 264 (1931)
= Echinopsis thionantha (Speg.) D.R.Hunt; Bradleya 5: 92 (1987) (comb. superfl.)
= Echinopsis thionantha (Speg.) Werderm.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 264 (1931)
= Lobivia chionantha Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 58 (1922)
= Lobivia thionantha Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 57 (1922)
= Lobivia thionantha var. brevispina (F.Ritter) Rausch; Lobivia 85: 153 (1985-86 publ. 1987)
= Lobivia thionantha var. catamarcensis (F.Ritter) Rausch; Lobivia 85: 156 (1985-86 publ. 1987)
= Lobivia thionantha var. chionantha (Speg.) Rausch; Lobivia 85: 156 (1985-86 publ. 1987)
= Lobivia thionantha var. erythrantha Rausch; Lobivia 85: 155 (1985-86 publ. 1987)
subspecies :
subsp. ferrarii (Rausch) Schlumpb.; Willdenowia 51(2): 264 (2021)
Distribution: Argentina (Tucuman)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthocalycium ferrarii Rausch; Succulenta (Netherlands) 55(5): 82 (1976)
= Acanthocalycium thionanthum var. munitum (Rausch) J.G.Lamb.; Cact. d´Argentine 14 (1993)
= Acanthocalycium thionanthum var. variiflorum (Backeb.) Donald
= Acanthocalycium variiflorum Backeb.; Kakteenlexikon 57 (1966)
= Echinopsis thionantha subsp. ferrarii (Rausch) M.Lowry; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 14 (2002)
= Lobivia thionantha var. ferrarii (Rausch) Rausch; Lobivia 85: 156 (1985-1986 publ. 1987)
= Lobivia thionantha var. munita Rausch; Lobivia 85: 154 (1985-1986 publ. 1987)
= Lobivia thionantha var. variiflora (Backeb.) Rausch; Lobivia 85: 156 (1985-1986 publ. 1987), basionym not validly publ.
subspecies :
subsp. glaucum (F.Ritter) Lodé; Cact.-Advent. Int. (Almeria) 98(Suppl.): 2 (2013)
Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, La Rioja)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthocalycium aurantiacum Rausch; Kakteen And. Sukk. 19: 92 (1968)
= Acanthocalycium glaucum F.Ritter; Taxon 13: 143 (1964)
= Acanthocalycium thionanthum var. aurantiacum (Rausch) Donald
= Acanthocalycium thionanthum var. glaucum (F.Ritter) Donald
= Echinopsis aurantiaca (Rausch) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley; I.O.S. Bull. 3: 94 (1974)
= Echinopsis glaucina H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley; I.O.S. Bull. 3(3): 95 (1974), nom. nov.
= Echinopsis thionantha subsp. glauca (F.Ritter) M.Lowry; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 19: 12 (2005)
= Lobivia thionantha var. aurantiaca (Rausch) Rausch; Lobivia 85: 156 (1985-1986 publ. 1987)
= Lobivia thionantha var. glauca (F.Ritter) Rausch; Lobivia 85: 156 (1985-1986 publ. 1987)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.05 (May 20th, 2026)

Covering 359,646 accepted species,
8,890 hybrids, 47,679 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,012,517 synonyms,
in total 1,428,732* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life