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385.0000 Family Caryophyllaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 299 (1789), nom. cons.
102 genera, ca. 3250 spp. Higher systematics: Xue et al. (2023)
Species listed in database: 3333; hybrids: 59
= Alsinaceae Bartl.; Beitr. Bot. [Bartling & Wendland] 2: 159 (1825), nom. cons.
= Cerastiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 271, 292 (1818)
= Corrigiolaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 44, 49 (1829)
= Dianthaceae D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(5): 352 (2024), nom. illeg.
= Dianthaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 271, 293 (1818)
= Herniariaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 307 (1820)
= Illecebraceae R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 413 (1810), nom. cons.
= Lychnidaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 638 (1843)
= Minuartiaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 49 (1835)
= Ortegaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 443 (1820)
= Paronychiaceae Juss.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 2: 386 (1815)
= Polycarpaeaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 49 (1835)
= Sabulinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 623 (1843)
= Saginaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 239 (1820)
= Scleranthaceae J.Presl & C.Presl; Delic. Prag. 66 (1822)
= Silenaceae Bartl.; Beitr. Bot. [Bartling & Wendland] 2: 160 (1825)
= Spergulaceae Bartl.; Beitr. Bot. [Bartling & Wendland] 2: 158 (1825)
= Stellariaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 239 (1820)
= Telephiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 633 (1829)
385.0832 Genus Bolanthus (Ser.) Rchb.; Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch 205 (1841)
Distribution: Greece, Crete, Bulgaria
Species listed in database: 9
= Graecobolanthus Madhani & Rabeler; Taxon 67(1): 104 (2018)
species :
Bolanthus chelmicus Phitos; Bot. Chron. (Patras) 1(1): 40 (1981)
subspecies :
subsp. chelmicus
Distribution: S-Greece (Mt. Chelmos)
13 GRC
Remarks: graecus agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Graecobolanthus chelmicus (Phitos) Rabeler & Madhani; Taxon 67(1): 104 (2018)
subspecies :
subsp. meteoricus Phitos; Fl. Hellenica 1: 328 (1997)
Distribution: NC-Greece (mountains of Thessalia)
13 GRC
species :
Bolanthus corinthiacus Kit Tan, Zarkos & Vold; Phytol. Balcan. 26(1): 175 (2020)
Distribution: C-Greece (near Korinth)
13 GRC
species :
Bolanthus creutzburgii Greuter; Candollea 20: 210 (1965)
subspecies :
subsp. creutzburgii
Distribution: Crete (Lefka Ori, Ida)
13 KRI
Remarks: high altitude subspecies
Synonyms: hidden
= Graecobolanthus creutzburgii (Greuter) Rabeler & Madhani; Taxon 67(1): 104 (2018)
subspecies :
subsp. zaffranii Phitos, Turland & Bergmeier; Fl. Medit. 21: 319 (2011)
Distribution: SW-Crete (Paleochora)
13 KRI
Remarks: coastal subspecies
species :
Bolanthus filicaulis (Boiss.) Barkoudah; Wentia 9: 167, t. 19, ff, 34-40 (1962)
Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jbel Druze); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
34 JOR LEB SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Bolanthus filicaulis var. ansariensis (Rech.) Barkoudah; Wentia 9: 168 (1962)
= Gypsophila filicaulis (Boiss.) Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 31(2): 191 (1914)
= Gypsophila hirsuta var. filicaulis (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 557 (1867)
= Gypsophila polygonoides subsp. ansariensis Rech.f.; Ark. Bot., a. s. 5: 118 (1960)
= Saponaria filicaulis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 71 (1849)
species :
Bolanthus fruticulosus (Bory & Chaub.) Barkoudah; Wentia 9: 164 (1962)
Distribution: S-Greece (SE-Peloponnisos, Kithira)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Graecobolanthus fruticulosus (Bory & Chaub.) Madhani & Zarre; Taxon 67(1): 104 (2018)
= Gypsophila fruticulosa (Bory & Chaub.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 556 (1867)
= Petrorhagia suffruticosa Rech.f. & Phitos; Oesterr. Bot. z. 113: 271 (1966)
= Saponaria fruticulosa Bory & Chaub.; Nouv. Fl. Pélop. 26 (1838)
species :
Bolanthus graecus (Schreb.) Barkoudah; Wentia 9: 166 (1962)
Distribution: C-Greece (Evvoia, Attiki, Kiklades: Naxos, Sikinos, ?Peloponnisos); East Aegaean Isl. (Samos)
13 GRC 34 EAI
Remarks: graecus agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Graecobolanthus graecus (Schreb.) Madhani & Rabeler; Taxon 67(1): 104 (2018)
= Gypsophila graeca (Schreb.) Britten; J. Bot. 44: 345 (1906)
= Gypsophila hirsuta var. ocellata (Sm.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 556 (1867)
= Gypsophila ocellata Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 281 (1809)
= Gypsophila polygonoides (Willd.) Halácsy; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 61: 473 (1894)
= Gypsophila polygonoides subsp. ocellata (Sm.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 220 (1924)
= Saponaria graeca Schreb.; Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 4: 138 (1770)
= Saponaria polygonoides (Willd.) Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 5: 2 (1853)
= Silene polygonoides (Willd.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 500 (1805)
species :
Bolanthus hirsutus (Labill.) Barkoudah; Wentia 9: 168, t. 19, ff. 41-47 (1962)
Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai)
34 ISR LEB SIN SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Bolanthus hirsutus var. alpinus (Boiss.) Barkoudah; Wentia 9: 168 (1962)
= Bolanthus hirsutus var. barradensis (Boiss.) Barkoudah; Wentia 9: 169 (1962)
= Gypsophila hirsuta (Labill.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 373 (1825)
= Gypsophila hirsuta var. alpina Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 557 (1867)
= Gypsophila hirsuta var. barradensis Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 557 (1867)
= Gypsophila hirsuta var. mollis (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 556 (1867)
= Gypsophila mollis (Boiss.) Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 31(2): 191 (1914)
= Gypsophila polygonoides subsp. alpina (Boiss.) Mouterde; Nouv. Fl. Liban Syrie 1: 515 (1966) (inval.)
= Gypsophila polygonoides subsp. barradensis (Boiss.) Mouterde; Nouv. Fl. Liban Syrie 1: 515 (1966) (inval.)
= Saponaria barradensis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 72 (1846)
= Saponaria hirsuta Labill.; Icon. Pl. Syr., Dec. 4: 9 (1812)
= Saponaria mollis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 72 (1849)
species :
Bolanthus laconicus (Boiss.) Barkoudah; Wentia 9: 163 (1962)
Distribution: S-Greece (mountains of SE-Peloponnisos)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Graecobolanthus laconicus (Boiss.) Madhani & Zarre; Taxon 67: 104 (2018)
= Gypsophila fasciculata var. laconica Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 556 (1867)
= Gypsophila laconica (Boiss.) Boiss. & Heldr.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 88 (1888)
species :
Bolanthus thymifolius (Sm.) Phitos; Bot. Chron. (Patras) 1: 39 (1981)
Distribution: Greece (NE-Greece, Thessalia to Attiki, N-Peloponnisos)
13 GRC
Remarks: graecus agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Bolanthus graecus var. thymifolius (Sm.) Barkoudah; Wentia 9: 167 (1962)
= Bolanthus intermedius Phitos; Bot. Chron. (Patras) 1(1): 39 (1981) (fide Strid 2024)
= Bolanthus thessalus (Jaub. & Spach) Barkoudah; Wentia 9: 164 (1962)
= Graecobolanthus intermedius (Phitos) Rabeler & Madhani; Taxon 67(1): 104 (2018) (fide Strid 2024)
= Graecobolanthus thessalus (Jaub. & Spach) Madhani & Zarre; Taxon 67(1): 104 (2018)
= Graecobolanthus thymifolius (Sm.) Rabeler & Madhani; Taxon 67(1): 105 (2018)
= Gypsophila hirsuta var. thymifolia (Sm.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 1: 556 (1867)
= Gypsophila polygonoides subsp. thessala (Jaub. & Spach) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 220 (1924)
= Gypsophila polygonoides subsp. thymifolia (Sm.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 220 (1924)
= Gypsophila thessala (Jaub. & Spach) Halácsy; Consp. Graec. 1: 191 (1900)
= Gypsophila thymifolia Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 282 (1809)
= Saponaria thessala Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 5: t. 402 (1853)
= Saponaria thymifolia (Sm.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 17 (1846)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.05 (May 20th, 2026)

Covering 359,646 accepted species,
8,890 hybrids, 47,679 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,012,517 synonyms,
in total 1,428,732* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life