Species Count in
WorldPlants (might be incomplete)
Country or RegionCodeSurface Area (km²)Status ChecklistAll Species Indigenous Species Endemics
EUROPE (1)
NORTHERN EUROPE (10)
more species list checklist Iceland ICE 103.000 ++80374014
803All Species
740Indigenous Species
436Indigenous Species except Microspecies
14Endemic Species
2Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
38 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
134 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
7 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
560 Dicotyledons (of them 13 endemic)
304 Microspecies (of them 12 endemic)
63 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Wasowicz, P. (2020): Annotated Checklist of Vascular Plants of Iceland

Most recent flora

A guide to the flowering plants and ferns of Iceland (Kristinsson 1998); Flora Nordica, vol. 1/2/6 (Jonsell, ed., 2000, 2001, 2010)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Jan Mayen Isl. JMY 380 ++58570
58All Species
57Indigenous Species
51Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
3 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
13 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
41 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
6 Microspecies (of them endemic)
1 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

The flora of Jan Mayen (Lid 1964)
more species list checklist Svalbard (incl. Bjornoya) SVA 62.160 ++2031940
203All Species
194Indigenous Species
188Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
6 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
57 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
131 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
6 Microspecies (of them endemic)
9 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

The Flora of Svalbard (Roenning 1964); Flora Nordica, vol. 1/2/6 (Jonsell, ed., 2000, 2001, 2010); Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1964-1993, 5 vols.)
more species list checklist Faeroe Isl. FOR 1.399 ++3893680
389All Species
368Indigenous Species
334Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
21 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
101 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
7 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
238 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
34 Microspecies (of them endemic)
21 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Jóhanson, J. (2010): Føroysk flora
more species list checklist Great Britain (England, Scotland, Wales, Isle of Man, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., but excl. Channel Isl. and Northern Ireland) GRB 244.110 ++3375252065
3375All Species
2520Indigenous Species
1489Indigenous Species except Microspecies
65Endemic Species
11Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
81 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
3 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
4 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
361 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
47 Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
2024 Dicotyledons (of them 62 endemic)
1031 Microspecies (of them 54 endemic)
855 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora (Preston et al. 2002); List of Vascular Plants of the British Isles (Kent 1992)

Most recent flora

Flora of Great Britain and Ireland (5 vols., complete, Sell & Murrell 1997-2018); New Flora of the British Isles (Stace 2019, 4th ed.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of Great Britain and Ireland (vol. 1, Sell & Murrell 2018); The illustrated field guide to ferns and allied plants of the British Iles (Jermy 1991)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Wild Orchids of Scotland (Allan, Woods & Clarks 1993); Orchidaceae. In: Flora of Great Britain, Ireland, Isle of Man and the Channel Islands, Vol. 5 (Sell & Murrell 1997); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Ireland (incl. Northern Ireland) IRE 70.000 ++152212202
1522All Species
1220Indigenous Species
971Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
60 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
2 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
231 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
28 Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
897 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
249 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic)
302 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora (Preston et al. 2002)

Most recent flora

Webb's An Irish Flora, 8th ed. (Parnell & Curtis, ed., 2012); Flora of Great Britain and Ireland (5 vols., complete, Sell & Murrell 1997-2018); New Flora of the British Isles (Stace 1997)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of Great Britain and Ireland (vol. 1, Sell & Murrell 2018); The illustrated field guide to ferns and allied plants of the British Iles (Jermy 1991)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

British & Irish Orchids: a field guide (Ettlinger 1976); A Guide to the Wild Orchids of Great Britain and Ireland (Lang 1989); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Denmark DEN 43.094 +194916594
1949All Species
1659Indigenous Species
1185Indigenous Species except Microspecies
4Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
48 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
2 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
3 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
288 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
39 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1279 Dicotyledons (of them 4 endemic)
474 Microspecies (of them 3 endemic)
290 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Atlas Flora Danica (3 vols., Hartvig et al., ed., 2015)

Most recent flora

Dansk Flora (2nd udgave, Frederiksen et al. 2012); Flora Nordica, vol. 1/2/6 (Jonsell, ed., 2000, 2001, 2010); Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1964-1993, 5 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Dansk feltflora (Hansen 1981); Orchids of Scandinavia (2. ed., Johnson 1997); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Norway NOR 385.639 ++41843849819
4184All Species
3849Indigenous Species
1318Indigenous Species except Microspecies
819Endemic Species
8Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
76 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
4 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
5 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
333 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
35 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
3396 Dicotyledons (of them 818 endemic)
2531 Microspecies (of them 811 endemic)
335 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Den Nya Nordiska Floran (Mossberg & Stenberg 2003); Norsk Flora (Lid et al. 2005); Flora Nordica, Vol. 1/2/6 (Jonsell, ed., 2000, 2001, 2010); Nordisk fjaellflora (Nilsson 1991); Flora över Dal (Andersson 1981); Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1964-1993, 5 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Norsk, svensk, finsk flora (Lid, 5. ed. von Gjaerevoll 1985); Orkideer i Norden (Nylen 1984); Orchids of Scandinavia (2. ed., Johnson 1997); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Sweden SWE 449.964 ++38453494270
3845All Species
3494Indigenous Species
1494Indigenous Species except Microspecies
270Endemic Species
9Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
65 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
4 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
5 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
376 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
42 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
3002 Dicotyledons (of them 270 endemic)
2000 Microspecies (of them 261 endemic)
351 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Mossberg & Stenberg (2003); Norsk Flora (Lid et al. 2005); Flora Nordica, vol. 1/2/6 (Jonsell, ed., 2000, 2001, 2010)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Norsk, svensk, finsk flora (Lid, 5. ed. von Gjaerevoll 1985); Orchids of Scandinavia (2. ed., Johnson 1997); Orkideer i Norden (Nylen 1984); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Finland FIN 338.144 ++27702504115
2770All Species
2504Indigenous Species
1100Indigenous Species except Microspecies
115Endemic Species
8Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
59 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
4 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
5 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
306 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
28 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2102 Dicotyledons (of them 114 endemic)
1404 Microspecies (of them 107 endemic)
266 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland (Kurtto et al. 2020)

Most recent flora

Retkeilykasvio (Field Flora of Finnland) (Hämet-Ahti et al. 1998), Flora Fennica, vol. 1-3 (Lönnrotin 2002); Flora Nordica, vol. 1/2/6 (Jonsell, ed., 2000, 2001, 2010)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Norsk, svensk, finsk flora (Lid, 5. ed., Gjaerevoll 1985); Orchids of Scandinavia (2. ed., Johnson 1997); Kaemmekaet - Suomen orkideat (Korhonen & Vuokko 1987); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
MIDDLE EUROPE (11)
more species list checklist Netherlands NET 33.920 ++200716622
2007All Species
1662Indigenous Species
1258Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
46 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
3 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
3 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
302 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
45 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1263 Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic)
404 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic)
345 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora Neerlandica (Koniklijke Nederlandsche Botanische Vereeniging, 14 vols. published, incomplete); Heukels Flora van Nederland (23. Aufl., Mejden et al. 2005); De Nederlandse Oecologische Flora (5 vols., Weeda 2003); Nova Flora Neerlandica (Haveman et al., eds., 2022-, 1 vol. published)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora van Nederland (21. ed.) (Heuckels & van der Meijden 1990); De orchideen van Nederland - ecologie - verspreiding - bedreiging - beheer (Kreutz & Dekker 2000); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Belgium BGM 30.688 ++211517122
2115All Species
1712Indigenous Species
1381Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2Endemic Species
2Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
56 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
2 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
5 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
319 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
49 Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
1281 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
331 Microspecies (of them endemic)
403 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Atlas van de Belgische en Luxemburgse flora (van Rompaey & Delvosalle 1972)

Most recent flora

Flore generale de Belgique (Lawalrée et al., 1952-1993); Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines (6. ed.) (Lambinon & Verloove 2012)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Les Orchidees de France, Belgique et Luxembourg (Bournerias et al. 1998); Orchidaceae Belgicae (Klopfenstein & Toussaint 1983-87); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Luxembourg LUX 2.586 +131911830
1319All Species
1183Indigenous Species
1068Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
48 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
2 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
212 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
39 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
882 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
115 Microspecies (of them endemic)
136 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Atlas van de Belgische en Luxemburgse flora (van Rompaey & Delvosalle 1972)

Most recent flora

Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines (6. ed., Lambinon & Verloove 2012)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Online Atlas of the Pteridophytes of Luxembourg (www.pteridophytes.lu)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Die Orchideen Luxemburgs (Mangen et al. 1993); Les Orchidees de France, Belgique et Luxembourg (Bournerias et al. 1998)
more species list checklist Germany GER 356.970 ++6682369890
6682All Species
3698Indigenous Species
2452Indigenous Species except Microspecies
90Endemic Species
21Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
88 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
9 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
6 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
535 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic)
68 Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
2992 Dicotyledons (of them 82 endemic)
1246 Microspecies (of them 69 endemic)
2984 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Florenliste von Deutschland - Gefäßpflanzen. Version 12 (Hand et al. 2022, www.kp-buttler.de)

Most recent flora

Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa (Hegi, ed., many volumes, 3rd ed., incomplete); Flora von Deutschland und angrenzender Länder (Schmeil/Fitschen) (92. Auflage 2003, ed. Senghas & Seybold); Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora, ed. 8 (Oberdorfer, Begr., 2001); Exkursionsflora von Deutschland (Rothmaler, Begr., 22. Aufl. 2021, ed. Jäger); Flora Germanica (Hassler & Muer, 2022, 2 vols.); Die Blütenpflanzen Mitteleuropas (Aichele & Schwegler 1994, 5 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora von Deutschland und angrenzender Länder (Schmeil/Fitschen), (89. Auflage 1993, ed. Senghas & Seybold); Die Orchideen Mitteleuropas und der Alpen (Presser 1995); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Switzerland SWI 41.285 ++3417302112
3417All Species
3021Indigenous Species
2484Indigenous Species except Microspecies
12Endemic Species
3Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
90 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
10 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
7 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
487 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
63 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2364 Dicotyledons (of them 11 endemic)
537 Microspecies (of them 9 endemic)
396 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Flora Helvetica Checklist 2017 (Juillerat et al. 2017)

Most recent flora

Flora Helvetica (5. Aufl., Lauber et al. 2012); Flora der Schweiz (3 vols., Hess et al. 1976-1980); Flora alpina (Vol. 1-3, Aeschimann et al. 2004); Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa (Hegi, ed., multiple volumes, incomplete)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Die Orchideen Mitteleuropas und der Alpen (Presser 1994); Die Orchideen der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete (Reinhard et al. 1991); Die Orchideen der Schweiz (Danesch 1984); Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete (Hess, Landolt & Hirzel 1967-1970); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Liechtenstein LIE 161 ++142013050
1420All Species
1305Indigenous Species
1267Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
46 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
8 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
242 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
38 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
969 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
38 Microspecies (of them endemic)
115 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora von Liechtenstein (Waldburger et al. 2003); Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol (3. Aufl., Fischer & Adler 2008); Flora alpina (Vol. 1-3, Aeschimann et al. 2004)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Die Orchideen Mitteleuropas und der Alpen (Presser 1994); Die Orchideen der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete (Reinhard et al. 1991); Die Orchideen der Schweiz (Danesch 1984); Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete (Hess, Landolt & Hirzel 1967-1970); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Austria AUT 83.858 ++360632119
3606All Species
3211Indigenous Species
2718Indigenous Species except Microspecies
9Endemic Species
7Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
80 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
11 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
6 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
533 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
67 Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
2514 Dicotyledons (of them 5 endemic)
493 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic)
395 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol (3. Aufl., Fischer & Adler 2008); Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa (Hegi, ed.); Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1964-1993, 5 vols.); Flora alpina (Vol. 1-3, Aeschimann et al. 2004)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Exkursionsflora von Österreich (Fischer, ed., 1994); Die Orchideen Mitteleuropas und der Alpen (Presser 1995); Wildwachsende Orchideen in Österreich (Redl 1996); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Poland POL 312.684 ++295426464
2954All Species
2646Indigenous Species
2028Indigenous Species except Microspecies
4Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
69 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
9 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
6 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
430 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
43 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2089 Dicotyledons (of them 4 endemic)
618 Microspecies (of them 3 endemic)
308 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Flowering Plants and Pteridophytes of Poland. A Checklist (Mirez et al. 2002)

Most recent flora

Flora polska (Szafera, ed., 1919 - 1980, 14 vols.); Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1964-1993, 5 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of Poland (Szlachetko & Skakuj 1996); Storczyki Zachodniej Czesci Polskich Beskidow (Bernacki 1999); Orchidaceae. - In: Atlas Flory Polskiej i Ziem Osciennych, Vol. 5, pt. 1 (Madalski 1971); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Czech Republic CZE 78.866 ++268724075
2687All Species
2407Indigenous Species
1952Indigenous Species except Microspecies
5Endemic Species
3Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
73 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
8 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
6 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
418 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
54 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1848 Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic)
455 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic)
280 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic (Danihelka et al. 2012)

Most recent flora

Klič ke Květeně České republiky (Kubát, ed., 2002); Květena České (Socialistické) republiky (Slavík & Hejný, ed., 1988-2011, 8 vols., vol. 9 planned))

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchideje nasi prirody (Prochazka & Velisek 1983); Orchid distribution and protection in Moravia and Silesia (Husak 1996); Verbreitung und Schutz der Orchideen in Mähren und Schlesien (Jatiova & Smitak 1997); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Slovakia SLO 49.034 ++3277275211
3277All Species
2752Indigenous Species
2419Indigenous Species except Microspecies
11Endemic Species
5Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
70 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
11 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
5 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
470 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
53 Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
2143 Dicotyledons (of them 9 endemic)
333 Microspecies (of them 6 endemic)
525 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

http://ibot.sav.sk/checklist/index.php (Marhold & Hindak)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchideje nasi prirody (Prochazka & Velisek 1983); Orchid distribution and protection in Moravia and Silesia (Husak 1996); Verbreitung und Schutz der Orchideen in Mähren und Schlesien (Jatiova & Smitak 1997); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Hungary HUN 93.030 ++2829233010
2829All Species
2330Indigenous Species
2148Indigenous Species except Microspecies
10Endemic Species
2Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
58 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
6 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
4 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
453 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
56 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1753 Dicotyledons (of them 9 endemic)
182 Microspecies (of them 8 endemic)
499 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Distribution Atlas of Vascular Plants of Hungary (Bartha et al. 2015)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Vadon elo orchideak (Molnar, Sulyok & Videki 1995); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
SOUTH WESTERN EUROPE (12)
more species list checklist Portugal (excl. Azores, Madeira) POR 89.357 ++298625459
2986All Species
2545Indigenous Species
2493Indigenous Species except Microspecies
9Endemic Species
9Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
61 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
8 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
5 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
513 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
46 Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
1912 Dicotyledons (of them 7 endemic)
52 Microspecies (of them endemic)
441 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist da Flora de Portugal (Continental, Acores e Madeira) (Menezes de Sequeira et al. 2011)

Most recent flora

Flora Iberica (Castroviejo et al., eds., 1985-2021, 21 vols., complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Guia de helechos de la Peninsula Iberica y Baleares (Tierra 1990)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora Iberica, vol. 21 (2005); The Orchid Flora of Portugal (Tyteca 1997); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Spain (mainland, excl. Baleares, Canary Isl. and African exclaves) SPA 501.453 ++65065867242
6506All Species
5867Indigenous Species
5191Indigenous Species except Microspecies
242Endemic Species
202Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
3.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
108 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 7 endemic)
19 Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic)
9 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
885 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 16 endemic)
80 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
4766 Dicotyledons (of them 215 endemic)
676 Microspecies (of them 40 endemic)
639 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora Iberica (Castroviejo et al., eds., 1985-2021, 21 vols., complete); Flora ornamental Espanola (Vol. 1-6, incomplete); Flora Valentina (G. M. Sanz et al., 2011-, 4 vols. published); Flora Vascular de Andalucia Occidental (Valdes et al., 3 vols., 1987); Flora Vascular de Andalucia Oriental (2nd ed., Blanca et al. 2011); Flora dels Paisons Catalans (Bolòs & Vigo, 1988-2001, 4 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Guia de helechos de la Peninsula Iberica y Baleares (Tierra 1990)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora Iberica, vol. 21 (2005); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Andorra ADO 468 ++107910221
1079All Species
1022Indigenous Species
957Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
19 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
5 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
171 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
827 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
65 Microspecies (of them endemic)
57 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Check-list i Llista vermella de la flora d'Andorra (Carrillo et al. 2008)

Most recent flora

Flowers of Andorra (Crozier & Matschke 1993); Flora Iberica (Castroviejo et al., eds., 1985-2021, 21 vols., complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Guia de helechos de la Peninsula Iberica y Baleares (Tierra 1990)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora Iberica, vol. 21 (2005); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Gibraltar GIB 7 ++6655660
665All Species
566Indigenous Species
565Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
10 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
3 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
1 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
101 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
9 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
442 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
99 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

The flowers of Gibraltar (Leslie et al. 1996)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora Iberica, vol. 21 (2005); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Baleares BAL 4.992 ++1636146013
1636All Species
1460Indigenous Species
1447Indigenous Species except Microspecies
13Endemic Species
13Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.8% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
31 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
6 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
6 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
263 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
37 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1117 Dicotyledons (of them 7 endemic)
13 Microspecies (of them endemic)
176 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora de Mallorca (Vols. I-IV, Bonafe 1977-1980); Illustrated Flora of Mallorca (Beckett 1993); Flora Iberica (Castroviejo et al., eds., 1985-2021, 21 vols., complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Guia de helechos de la Peninsula Iberica y Baleares (Tierra 1990)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora Iberica, vol. 21 (2005); Orquidacies. - In: Flora de Mallorca, Vol. 2 (Barcelo 1978); Petita guia de las Orquidies de les Balears (Alomar 1994); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist France (mainland, excl. Corsica) FRA 535.285 ++6106530962
6106All Species
5309Indigenous Species
4355Indigenous Species except Microspecies
62Endemic Species
36Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
121 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
18 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
12 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
839 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic)
95 Orchids (of them 7 endemic)
4224 Dicotyledons (of them 48 endemic)
954 Microspecies (of them 26 endemic)
797 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Index synonymique de la flore de France (Kerguélen 1993)

Most recent flora

Flora Gallica (Tison & de Foucault 2014); Les quatres flores de France (4. ed., Fournier 1977); Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines (6. ed.) (Lambinon et al. 2012); Flora alpina (Vol. 1-3, Aeschimann et al. 2004)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Les Orchidees de France, Belgique et Luxembourg (Bournerias et al. 1998); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Monaco MCO 2 -46400
46All Species
40Indigenous Species
40Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
40 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
6 Neophytes or Culture Escapes
more species list checklist British Channel Isl. CIS 198 +15109130
1510All Species
913Indigenous Species
812Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
31 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
186 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
17 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
679 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
101 Microspecies (of them endemic)
597 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Vice-County Census Catalogue (Botanicalkeys.co.uk)

Most recent flora

Wildflowers of Alderney (Bonnard 2008); A flora of the Island of Jersey (Lester-Garland 1903); The Wild Flowers of Jersey (Shirreffs 2015)
more species list checklist Corsica COR 8.680 ++225120908
2251All Species
2090Indigenous Species
2044Indigenous Species except Microspecies
8Endemic Species
8Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.4% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
69 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
10 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
7 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
421 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
52 Orchids (of them 3 endemic)
1531 Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic)
46 Microspecies (of them endemic)
161 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora Corsica, 2ème ed. (Jeanmonod & Gamisans 2013); Les quatres flores de France (4. ed., Fournier 1977)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Sardinia SAR 23.318 ++212419848
2124All Species
1984Indigenous Species
1968Indigenous Species except Microspecies
8Endemic Species
8Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.4% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
50 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
8 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
8 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
379 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
53 Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
1486 Dicotyledons (of them 6 endemic)
16 Microspecies (of them endemic)
140 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

An updated checklist of the vascular flora native to Italy (Bartolucci et al. 2018)

Most recent flora

Flora dell' Isola di Sardegna, Vol. 1-6 (Arrigoni 2006-2015); Flora Sarda / Piante Endemiche (Marras 2000); Flora d'Italia (2nd ed., Pignatti et al., 2017-2019, 4 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidee spontanee della Sardegna (Giotta & Picitto 1990); Orchidee spontanee della Sardegna (Scrugli 1991); Orchidee Spontanee d'Italia (Del Prete & Tosi 1988); Orchidaceae (Pignatti). In: Flora d'Italia (Rasetti 1982) Orchidee. Specie spontanee (Liverani 1991); Orchidacee d’Italia (Grünanger 2001); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE (13)
more species list checklist Italy (mainland) (incl. Elba Isl., Capri Isl.) ITA 203.856 ++60975495107
6097All Species
5495Indigenous Species
5016Indigenous Species except Microspecies
107Endemic Species
99Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
124 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic)
18 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
10 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
911 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 9 endemic)
132 Orchids (of them 26 endemic)
4300 Dicotyledons (of them 66 endemic)
479 Microspecies (of them 8 endemic)
602 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

An updated checklist of the vascular flora native to Italy (Bartolucci et al. 2018)

Most recent flora

Flora d'Italia (2nd ed., Pignatti et al., 2017-2019, 4 vols.); Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol (3. Aufl., Fischer & Adler 2008); Flora Analitica della Toscana (Arrigoni, 2016-2021, 8 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Le Pteridofite d'Italia (Marchetti 2004)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidee Spontanee d'Italia (Del Prete & Tosi 1988); Orchidaceae (Pignatti). In: Flora d'Italia (Rasetti 1982); Orchidee d’Italia (Sguazzini & Glerean 1981); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Sicily (incl. Isole Pelagie, Lampedusa) SIC 25.426 ++2617238818
2617All Species
2388Indigenous Species
2367Indigenous Species except Microspecies
18Endemic Species
18Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.7% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
51 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
12 Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic)
10 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
460 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
68 Orchids (of them 3 endemic)
1787 Dicotyledons (of them 10 endemic)
21 Microspecies (of them endemic)
229 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A catalogue of plants growing in Sicily (Giardina et al. 2007); Checklist of the vascular flora of Sicily (Raimondo, Domina & Spadaro 2010)

Most recent flora

Flora d'Italia (2nd ed., Pignatti et al., 2017-2019, 4 vols.); Flora e vegetazione dell'Isola di Lampedusa (Bartolo et al. 1988)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidee Spontanee d'Italia (Del Prete & Tosi 1988); Orchidaceae (Pignatti). In: Flora d'Italia (Rasetti 1982); Orchidee d’Italia (Sguazzini & Glerean 1981); A catalogue of plants growing in Sicily (GIARDINA et al. 2007); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Malta MLT 316 ++8827931
882All Species
793Indigenous Species
793Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
27 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
3 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
3 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
114 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
26 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
620 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
89 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

A Flora of the Maltese Islands (Haslam, Sell & Wolseley 1977); Flora of the Maltese Islands (Casha 2018)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Le Orchidaceae dell'archipelago maltese (Bartolo et al. 2001); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist San Marino SMA 61 +10048140
1004All Species
814Indigenous Species
810Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
14 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
3 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
1 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
146 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
24 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
626 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
4 Microspecies (of them endemic)
190 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Flora vascolare della Repubblica di San Marino (Alessandrini et al. 2022); Flora della repubblica di San Marino (Pampanini 1930) [outdated]
more species list checklist Slovenia SLV 20.273 +297027123
2970All Species
2712Indigenous Species
2600Indigenous Species except Microspecies
3Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
70 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
12 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
7 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
518 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
62 Orchids (of them 3 endemic)
2043 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
112 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic)
258 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Register flore Slovenije (Trpin & Vres 1995)

Most recent flora

Flora of Slovenia (iFlora - Plant Guide Book 22) (Tackenberg); Mala flora Slovenije, kljuc za dolocanje praprotnic in semenk (Martinic et al. 1999)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchideen in Jugoslawien (Gölz & Reinhard 1986); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Croatia CRO 56.594 ++430538024
4305All Species
3802Indigenous Species
3688Indigenous Species except Microspecies
4Endemic Species
4Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
83 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
16 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
11 Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic)
678 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
89 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2925 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
114 Microspecies (of them endemic)
503 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Nikolić T. ed. (2015): Flora Croatica Database (http://hirc.botanic.hr/fcd)

Most recent flora

Nikolić, T. (2019-2020): Flora Croatica. Vaskularna flora Republike Hrvatske. 4 vols. (complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchideen in Jugoslawien (Gölz & Reinhard 1986); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Bosnia & Hercegovina BIH 51.209 -279726223
2797All Species
2622Indigenous Species
2547Indigenous Species except Microspecies
3Endemic Species
2Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
54 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
15 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
7 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
463 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
71 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2012 Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic)
75 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic)
175 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora Bosne i Hercegovine (Beck 1903-1921, 1927, Beck & Maly 1950, Bjelčić 1967-1983, incomplete)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Checklist of the Orchidaceae of Bosnia & Hercegovina (Sabanovic et al. 2021)
more species list checklist Montenegro MNT 13.812 o255824820
2558All Species
2482Indigenous Species
2421Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
65 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
15 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
8 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
435 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
44 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1915 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
61 Microspecies (of them endemic)
76 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Katalog Vaskularne Flora Crne Gore, Tom. 1 (Stesevic & Cakovic 2013) [incomplete]

Most recent flora

Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae (Rohlena 1942)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Die Orchideenflora Montenegros (Parolly 1991, in Mitt. Bl. AHO Bad.-Württ., Vol. 24); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Serbia SRB 77.474 o310029650
3100All Species
2965Indigenous Species
2905Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
60 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
15 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
6 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
526 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
53 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2305 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
60 Microspecies (of them endemic)
135 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

An Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora of Serbia, Vol. 1 (Niketic & Tomovic 2018) [incomplete]

Most recent flora

Flora SR Srbije (Josifović 1970-1976, 1977; Sarić & Diklić 1986); Flora Srbije (Saric et al., eds., 1992; Stevanovic et al., eds., 2012)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchideen in Jugoslawien (Gölz & Reinhard 1986); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Kosovo KOS 10.877 -1731680
173All Species
168Indigenous Species
141Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
1 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
9 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
154 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
27 Microspecies (of them endemic)
5 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora SR Srbije (Josifović 1970-1976, 1977; Sarić & Diklić 1986); Flora Srbije (Saric et al., eds., 1992; Stevanovic et al., eds., 2012); Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1964-1993, 5 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchideen in Jugoslawien (Gölz & Reinhard 1986); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Northern Macedonia NMA 25.713 o2999290210
2999All Species
2902Indigenous Species
2824Indigenous Species except Microspecies
10Endemic Species
10Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
58 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
16 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
7 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
445 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
48 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2328 Dicotyledons (of them 8 endemic)
78 Microspecies (of them endemic)
97 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora na Republika Makedonija (Micevski et al. 1983-2006, Matevski 2010; 7 vols. published, incomplete)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchideen in Jugoslawien (Gölz & Reinhard 1986); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Albania ALB 28.748 +336332247
3363All Species
3224Indigenous Species
3163Indigenous Species except Microspecies
7Endemic Species
7Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
56 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
16 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
8 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
579 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
61 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2504 Dicotyledons (of them 6 endemic)
61 Microspecies (of them endemic)
139 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Distribution Atlas of Vascular Plants in Albania (Barina et al. 2017), Checklist of vascular plants of Albania (Barina et al. 2018); Atlas Florae Albanicae (Vangjeli 2017, 1 vol. published)

Most recent flora

Illustrated Flora of Albania (Pils 2016); Excursion Flora of Albania (Vangjeli 2015)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Illustrated Flora of Albania (Pils 2016); Die Orchideenflora Albaniens (Gölz & Reinhard 1984); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Romania ROM 237.500 ++343031565
3430All Species
3156Indigenous Species
2986Indigenous Species except Microspecies
5Endemic Species
4Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
66 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
11 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
4 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
590 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
56 Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
2429 Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic)
170 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic)
274 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora Republicii Socialiste România (1952-1976, 13 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora Romaniei, Vol. II (Beldie 1979); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Bulgaria BUL 110.994 ++3848365517
3848All Species
3655Indigenous Species
3461Indigenous Species except Microspecies
17Endemic Species
13Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
61 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
14 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
8 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
619 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
51 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2902 Dicotyledons (of them 16 endemic)
194 Microspecies (of them 4 endemic)
193 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Conspectus of the Bulgarian vascular flora (Assyov et al., 4th ed. 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae (Jordanov et al., 1963-2012, 11 vols.); Flora bulgarica (CD-ROM, 2003)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora von Bulgarien (Stojanow & Stafanov 1948); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist European Turkey TUE 23.764 ++203919770
2039All Species
1977Indigenous Species
1960Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
26 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
7 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
437 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
32 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1473 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
17 Microspecies (of them endemic)
62 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.)

Most recent flora

Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Islands (Davis et al., eds., 1965-2000, 9 vols. + 2 supplement volumes, complete); Flowers of Turkey - A photo guide (Pils 2006)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Turkey and the east Aegaean Islands, Vol. 8 (Renz & Taubenheim 1984); Die Orchideen der Türkei (Kreutz 1999); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Greece (incl. Kikladhes, excl. Crete, Kasos, Karpathos, Rhodos and E-Aegaean) GRC 123.600 ++5200489895
5200All Species
4898Indigenous Species
4728Indigenous Species except Microspecies
95Endemic Species
94Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.8% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
70 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
20 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
12 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
891 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 20 endemic)
94 Orchids (of them 6 endemic)
3811 Dicotyledons (of them 66 endemic)
170 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic)
302 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Vascular Plants of Greece. An Annotated Checklist (Dimopoulos et al. 2013, with supplement 2016); Atlas of the Aegaean Flora (Strid 2016)

Most recent flora

Flora Hellenica (Strid & Kit Tan (eds., 1997-2005, 3 vols. published, incomplete); Mountain Flora of Greece (Vol. 1/2, Strid, ed., 1989/1991, incomplete); Flowers of Greece (Lafranchis & Sfikas 2009, 2 vols., field guide)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Synopsis Flora Graecae: Orchidaceae (Diapulis 1995); The Orchids of Greece - Inventory and Review (Kalopissis 1988); Orchids of Greece (Lepper 1981); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Crete KRI 8.336 ++1981182611
1981All Species
1826Indigenous Species
1817Indigenous Species except Microspecies
11Endemic Species
11Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
37 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
6 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
4 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
363 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic)
47 Orchids (of them 3 endemic)
1369 Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic)
9 Microspecies (of them endemic)
155 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Vascular Plants of Greece. An Annotated Checklist (Dimopoulos et al. 2013, with supplement 2016); Atlas of the Aegaean Flora (Strid 2016)

Most recent flora

Exkursionsflora für Kreta (Jahn & Schönfelder 1995)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Die Orchideen von Kreta und Karpathos (Alibertis 1997) (engl. ed. 1998); Orchidaceae (Scheurer & Jahn). In: Exkursionsflora für Kreta (Jahn & Schönfelder 1995); Orchideen auf Kreta, Karpathos & Kasos (Kretzschmar & Eccarius 2001); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
EASTERN EUROPE (14)
more species list checklist Estonia EST 45.339 ++192614030
1926All Species
1403Indigenous Species
1127Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
48 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
4 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
5 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
266 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
34 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1046 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
276 Microspecies (of them endemic)
523 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Atlas of the Estonian Flora 2020 (Kukk et al., 2021); Eesti Taimestik (Checklist of vascular plants) (Kukk 1999)

Most recent flora

Eesti NSV Floora (Flora of Estonian SSR, Vol. 1-11, 1953-1984); Flora baltijskich respublik (Laasimer et al. 1993, 1996, 2003)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Native orchids in Estonia (Kuusk 1996); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Latvia LAT 64.589 ++162313040
1623All Species
1304Indigenous Species
1130Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
44 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
4 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
5 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
281 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
28 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
942 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
174 Microspecies (of them endemic)
319 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Latvijas vaskularo augu flora. Taksonu Saraksts (Gavrilova & Sulcs 1999, checklist)

Most recent flora

Latvias PSR Flora (Galenieka, P., ed., 1953-1959, in 4 vols., complete); Flora baltijskich respublik (Laasimer et al. 1993, 1996, 2003); Flora of Latvian vascular taxa (Gavrilova & Sulcs 1999)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Diversity, state and protection of Orchidaceae species in Lithuania (Gudzinskas 2001); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Lithuania LIT 65.300 ++151812260
1518All Species
1226Indigenous Species
1143Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
38 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
4 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
5 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
282 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
31 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
866 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
83 Microspecies (of them endemic)
292 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Lietuvos Induociai augalai (Gudzinskas 1999, checklist)

Most recent flora

Lietuvos PSR Flora (Vols. 1-6, 1959-1980, complete); Flora baltijskich respublik (Laasimer et al. 1993, 1996, 2003)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Diversity, state and protection of Orchidaceae species in Lithuania (Gudzinskas 2001); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Belarus BLR 207.595 +185614981
1856All Species
1498Indigenous Species
1406Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
43 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
5 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
7 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
309 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
31 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1103 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
92 Microspecies (of them endemic)
358 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora Belarusi (Vol. 1-3, 2009-2017, incomplete, in total 6 vols. planned); Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions (Fedorov, ed., 11 vols., 1988-2007); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of Russia (Tatarenko 1996); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (Czerepanov 2007); Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist European Russia (excl. Caucasus, incl. Kaliningrad region, Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya) RUS 4.300.000 ++4599413323
4599All Species
4133Indigenous Species
3463Indigenous Species except Microspecies
23Endemic Species
7Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
75 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
9 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
7 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
730 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
44 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
3268 Dicotyledons (of them 23 endemic)
670 Microspecies (of them 16 endemic)
466 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions (Fedorov, ed., 11 vols., 1988-2007); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Flora of the Russian Arctic (Tolmachev & Yurtsev, eds., 1995 ff.)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of Russia (Tatarenko 1996); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (Czerepanov 2007); Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Orkhidei nachei strany (Vakhrameeva et al. 1991)
more species list checklist Moldova (incl. Transnistria) MLD 33.843 (+)6255550
625All Species
555Indigenous Species
517Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
4 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
13 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
14 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
524 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
38 Microspecies (of them endemic)
70 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora Basarabiei (Simonov et al., ed.), Vol. 1 (Ferns and Allies) (2011), Vol. 2 (Magnoliophyta) (2016) [incomplete, in total 6 volumes are planned]

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Basarabiei (Simonov et al., ed.), Vol. 1 (Ferns and Allies) (2011)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of Russia (Tatarenko 1996); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Ukraine (excl. Crimea) UKR 577.720 ++3209296510
3209All Species
2965Indigenous Species
2768Indigenous Species except Microspecies
10Endemic Species
10Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
60 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
7 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
4 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
564 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
39 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2291 Dicotyledons (of them 9 endemic)
197 Microspecies (of them endemic)
244 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Vascular plants of the Ukraine: a nomenclatural checklist (Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk 1999)

Most recent flora

Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Flora Ukrainae Carpaticae (Chopik 2015)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Vasheka OV, Bezsmertna OO (2012). Ferns atlas of Ukrainian flora: monograf.

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of Ukraine (Sobko 1989, in russian); Orchids of Russia (Tatarenko 1996); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (Czerepanov 2007); Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Crimea KRY 26.080 ++229121215
2291All Species
2121Indigenous Species
2050Indigenous Species except Microspecies
5Endemic Species
5Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
37 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
10 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
5 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
356 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
38 Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
1675 Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic)
71 Microspecies (of them endemic)
170 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Vascular plants of the Ukraine: a nomenclatural checklist (Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk 1999)

Most recent flora

Flora Kryma (Wulf., ed., 1927-1969, 11 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Vasheka OV, Bezsmertna OO (2012). Ferns atlas of Ukrainian flora: monograf.

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Checklist of the Orchids of Crimea (Fateryga & Kreutz 2014); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
AFRICA (2)
NORTHERN AFRICA (20)
more species list checklist Morocco MOR 453.730 ++4326390781
4326All Species
3907Indigenous Species
3877Indigenous Species except Microspecies
81Endemic Species
81Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.9% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
66 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
15 Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic)
5 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
699 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic)
33 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
3089 Dicotyledons (of them 71 endemic)
30 Microspecies (of them endemic)
419 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.)

Most recent flora

Flore pratique du Maroc (Fennane et al. 1999-2015, 3 vols.); Flore vasculaire du Maroc, inventaire et chorologie (Fennane & Ibn Tattou, 2 vols., 2005-2007); Flore de l'Afrique du Nord (Maire et al., 1952-1987, 16 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Pteridophyta, in: Flore pratique du Maroc, Vol. 1 (Salvo & Ouyahya 1999)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Les orchidées du Maroc (Raynaud 1985); Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen - Catalogue of European Orchids (Kreutz 2005); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Western Sahara WSA 267.769 +2392370
239All Species
237Indigenous Species
237Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
3 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
40 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
193 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
2 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue des plantes vasculaires de la Mauritanie et du Sahara occidental (Lebrun 1998)

Most recent flora

Flore de Mauritanie, Vol. 2 (Barry & Celles 1991); Flore et végétation du Sahara. 3. ed. (Ozenda 1991); Flore de l'Afrique du Nord (Maire et al., 1952-1987, 16 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)
more species list checklist Algeria ALG 2.381.740 ++3729338722
3729All Species
3387Indigenous Species
3370Indigenous Species except Microspecies
22Endemic Species
22Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
54 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
16 Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic)
8 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
612 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic)
48 Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
2649 Dicotyledons (of them 14 endemic)
17 Microspecies (of them endemic)
342 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.)

Most recent flora

Nouvelle Flore de l'Algerie (Quezel & Santa 1962/63, 2 vols.); Flore de l'Afrique du Nord (Maire et al., 1952-1987, 16 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist Tunisia TUN 164.418 ++243022313
2430All Species
2231Indigenous Species
2224Indigenous Species except Microspecies
3Endemic Species
3Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
39 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
8 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
3 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
427 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
32 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1722 Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic)
7 Microspecies (of them endemic)
199 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Flore de Tunisie: Catalogue synonymique commente (Le Floc'h & Boulos 2008); Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.)

Most recent flora

Flore de la Tunisie (Pottier-Alapetite, ed., 1979-1984, 3 vols. + Atlas, complete); Flore de l'Afrique du Nord (Maire et al., 1952-1987, 16 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Orchidées de Tunisie (Valles & Valles-Lombard 1988)
more species list checklist Libya LBY 1.757.000 ++192817434
1928All Species
1743Indigenous Species
1740Indigenous Species except Microspecies
4Endemic Species
4Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
15 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
9 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
1 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
355 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
9 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1354 Dicotyledons (of them 4 endemic)
3 Microspecies (of them endemic)
185 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.)

Most recent flora

Flora of Libya (Ali & Jafri, eds., 1976-1990, 150 vols., almost complete); Flore de l'Afrique du Nord (Maire et al., 1952-1987, 16 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of Libya - Pteridophytes (1989)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Orchidaceae (Flora Libia, Fasc. 119) (Hossain & El-Gadi 1985); Zur Kenntnis der Orchideenflora der Cyrenaika (Libyen) (Baumann & Baumann 2001)
more species list checklist Egypt (excl. Sinai peninsula) EGY 878.000 ++195918191
1959All Species
1819Indigenous Species
1812Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
12 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
3 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
396 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1406 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
7 Microspecies (of them endemic)
140 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.)

Most recent flora

Flora of Egypt (Boulos, ed., 1999-2005, 4 vols., complete); Flora of Egypt (Cairo University, 1981-1998, 9 vols. published, incomplete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Flora of Egypt, Vol. 1: Azollaceae - Oxalidaceae (Boulos 1999)
MACARONESIA (21)
more species list checklist Azores AZO 2.247 ++9485869
948All Species
586Indigenous Species
581Indigenous Species except Microspecies
9Endemic Species
9Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.9% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
49 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic)
2 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
3 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
138 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
3 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
391 Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic)
5 Microspecies (of them endemic)
362 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist da Flora de Portugal (Continental, Acores e Madeira) (Menezes de Sequeira et al. 2011); Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, 4. rev. ed. (Hansen & Sunding 1993); Catalogo das plantas vasculares dos Acores (Palhina 1966)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Azores (3rd ed., Schaefer et al. 2022, field guide)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora Europaea, Vol. 5 (Soó 1980); Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die Orchideen der Azoren (Frey 1977)
more species list checklist Madeira MDR 741 ++130576213
1305All Species
762Indigenous Species
753Indigenous Species except Microspecies
13Endemic Species
13Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
60 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 8 endemic)
3 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
5 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
143 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
4 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
547 Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic)
9 Microspecies (of them endemic)
543 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist da Flora de Portugal (Continental, Acores e Madeira) (Menezes de Sequeira et al. 2011); Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, 4. rev. ed. (Hansen & Sunding 1993); Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.)

Most recent flora

Flora of Madeira (Press et al. 1994); Die Farne und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras (Muer et al. 2020); Flores Silvestres de las Islas Canarias (Bramwell & Bramwell 1974)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Flora of Madeira (Press 1994); Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Beitrag zur Kenntnis und Verbreitung der Orchideen von Madeira (Rückbrodt & Rückbrodt 1990)
more species list checklist Islas Selvagens (Salvajes Isl.) SEL 3 ++109960
109All Species
96Indigenous Species
96Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
2 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
13 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
81 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
13 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, 4. rev. ed. (Hansen & Sunding 1993); Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.)

Most recent flora

Flora of Madeira (Press et al. 1994); Die Farne und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras (Muer et al. 2020)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Flora of Madeira (Press 1994); Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Beitrag zur Kenntnis und Verbreitung der Orchideen von Madeira (Rückbrodt & Rückbrodt 1990)
more species list checklist Canary Isl. CNY 7.273 ++2094156079
2094All Species
1560Indigenous Species
1555Indigenous Species except Microspecies
79Endemic Species
79Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
3.8% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
54 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic)
4 Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic)
5 Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic)
243 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
5 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1249 Dicotyledons (of them 69 endemic)
5 Microspecies (of them endemic)
534 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, 4. rev. ed. (Hansen & Sunding 1993); Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.)

Most recent flora

Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen der Kanarischen Inseln (Muer, Sauerbier & Calixto 2016); Exkursionsflora für die Kanarischen Inseln (Hohenester & Weiss 1993)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Exkursionsflora für die Kanarischen Inseln (Hohenester & Weiss 1993); Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986)
more species list checklist Cape Verde Isl. CVI 4.033 ++7685482
768All Species
548Indigenous Species
548Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2Endemic Species
2Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
35 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
137 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
3 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
373 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
220 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, 4. rev. ed. (Hansen & Sunding 1993)

Most recent flora

Flora de Cabo Verde (Paiva et al., 1995-2002, 106 vols., ?complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

The Ferns and Fern-Allies (Pteridophyta) of the Cape Verde Islands (Lobin et al. 1998)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA (22)
more species list checklist Mauritania MTN 1.030.700 +8467840
846All Species
784Indigenous Species
782Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
11 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
3 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
1 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
226 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
543 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
2 Microspecies (of them endemic)
62 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue des plantes vasculaires de la Mauritanie et du Sahara occidental (Lebrun 1998)

Most recent flora

Flore de Mauritanie (2 vols., Barry & Celles 1991); Flore et végétation du Sahara. 3. ed. (Ozenda 1991)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)
more species list checklist Senegal SEN 196.722 +187317860
1873All Species
1786Indigenous Species
1786Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
47 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
11 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
549 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
39 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1140 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
87 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Enumeration des plantes vasculaires du Senegal (Lebrun 1973)

Most recent flora

Flore illustrée du Sénégal (Berhaut, ed., 1971-1988, incomplete); Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931); Orchidaceae (van den Berghen). - In: Flore Illustree du Senegal, Vol. 9 (Berhault 1988)
more species list checklist Gambia GAM 11.295 o7747140
774All Species
714Indigenous Species
714Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
14 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
13 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
212 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
13 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
462 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
60 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Gambian Biodiversity: A Provisional Checklist of all Species Recorded within the Gambia (Emms & Brummitt 2005)

Most recent flora

Flowering Plants of the Gambia (Jones 1994, only cursory overview)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist Guinea-Bissau GNB 36.125 ++141313370
1413All Species
1337Indigenous Species
1337Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
22 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
24 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
333 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
31 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
927 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
76 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Guinea-Bissau (West Africa) (Catarino et al. 2008)

Most recent flora

Flora da Guiné-Bissau / Jardim e museu agrícola do Ultramar .. (7 vol., 1971-1983, incomplete); Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist Guinea [Conakry] GUI 245.857 ++307527679
3075All Species
2767Indigenous Species
2767Indigenous Species except Microspecies
9Endemic Species
9Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
168 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic)
45 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
629 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
130 Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
1795 Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic)
308 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flore de la République de Guinée (Lisowski 2009); Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée (Lisowski 2011); Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist Sierra Leone SIE 71.740 o268725624
2687All Species
2562Indigenous Species
2562Indigenous Species except Microspecies
4Endemic Species
4Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
138 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
62 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
572 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
156 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1634 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
125 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist Liberia LBR 99.067 o223021749
2230All Species
2174Indigenous Species
2173Indigenous Species except Microspecies
9Endemic Species
9Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.4% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
192 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic)
61 Basal Angiosperms (of them 4 endemic)
380 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
148 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1393 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
56 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Über die Farne Liberias (Westafrika), ihr Vorkommen und ihre Verbreitung (Kunkel 1962)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist Mali MLI 1.240.192 o166515920
1665All Species
1592Indigenous Species
1591Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
38 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
10 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
445 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
15 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1083 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
73 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali (Boudet et al. 1986)

Most recent flora

Flore et végétation du Sahara. 3. ed. (Ozenda 1991)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959)
more species list checklist Burkina Faso BKN 274.200 +203818051
2038All Species
1805Indigenous Species
1805Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
26 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
16 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
553 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
21 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1189 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
233 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Burkina Faso (Lebrun et al. 1991); Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Burkina Faso (Thiombiano et al. 2012)

Most recent flora

Diversity, distribution and preliminary conservation status of the flora of Burkina Faso (Schmidt et al. 2017)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931);
more species list checklist Ivory Coast IVO 322.462 +3523341513
3523All Species
3415Indigenous Species
3415Indigenous Species except Microspecies
13Endemic Species
13Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.4% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
159 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
97 Basal Angiosperms (of them 4 endemic)
699 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
215 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2245 Dicotyledons (of them 5 endemic)
108 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Flore de la Cote d'Ivoire: Catalogue systematique, biogeographie et ecologie (Ake-Assi 2001-2002)

Most recent flora

Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931); Les Orchidees de Cote d’Ivoire (Perez-Vera 2003)
more species list checklist Ghana GHA 238.500 o317230265
3172All Species
3026Indigenous Species
3026Indigenous Species except Microspecies
5Endemic Species
5Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
158 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
66 Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic)
677 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
158 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1966 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
146 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

A list of the Gold Coast Pteridophyta (Adams & Alston 1955); Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist Togo TOG 56.785 ++219420201
2194All Species
2020Indigenous Species
2019Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
89 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
27 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
525 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
79 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1300 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
174 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flore analytique du Togo (Brunel, ed., 1984); Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931); Flore analytique du Togo (Brunel & Butzin 1985)
more species list checklist Benin BEN 112.622 ++266322660
2663All Species
2266Indigenous Species
2266Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
50 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
39 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
544 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
47 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1585 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
397 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flore du Bénin (3 vols., Souza, ed., 2006-2009); Flore analytique du Benin (Akoegninou et al., eds., 2006); Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Flora of Benin, Vol. 1 (Souza 1987); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist Niger NGR 1.267.000 o8237950
823All Species
795Indigenous Species
795Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
15 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
7 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
240 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
532 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
28 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Niger (Fabrègues & Lebrun 1976)

Most recent flora

Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.); Flore et végétation du Sahara. 3. ed. (Ozenda 1991)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)
more species list checklist Nigeria NGA 923.768 o4692456015
4692All Species
4560Indigenous Species
4559Indigenous Species except Microspecies
15Endemic Species
15Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
196 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
3 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
115 Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic)
907 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
285 Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
3054 Dicotyledons (of them 6 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
132 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931); Orchids of Nigeria (Segerbäck et al. 1983)
WEST CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA (23)
more species list checklist Cameroon (Cameroun) CMN 475.442 +72326795157
7232All Species
6795Indigenous Species
6795Indigenous Species except Microspecies
157Endemic Species
157Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
277 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 6 endemic)
5 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
256 Basal Angiosperms (of them 41 endemic)
1032 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 21 endemic)
404 Orchids (of them 3 endemic)
4821 Dicotyledons (of them 86 endemic)
437 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

The vascular plants of Cameroon: a taxonomic checklist (Onana 2011)

Most recent flora

Flore du Cameroun (Aubreville et al., ed., 1963 - 2022, 44 vols., still incomplete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flore du Cameroun, Vol. 3 (Tardieu-Blot 1964); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953); The vascular plants of Cameroon: a taxonomic checklist (Onana 2011)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flore du Cameroun, Vol. 34-36: Orchidaceae 1-3 (Szlachetko & Olszewski 1998/2001)
more species list checklist Bioko Isl. (Fernando Poo) BIO 2.017 +193617356
1936All Species
1735Indigenous Species
1735Indigenous Species except Microspecies
6Endemic Species
6Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
211 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
62 Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic)
261 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
133 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1068 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
201 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Velayos, M. et al. (2013): Preliminary Checklist of vascular plants of Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea)

Most recent flora

Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial (Velayos, ed., 2008 ff., 7 vols. published, incomplete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

The Pteridophyta of Bioko, Vol. 1-5 (Benl 1978-91)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist Principe Isl. PRI 146 +5184082
518All Species
408Indigenous Species
408Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2Endemic Species
2Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.4% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
78 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
10 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
62 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
63 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
195 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
110 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Annotated Catalogue of the flowering plants of Sao Tome and Principe (Figueiredo et al. 2011)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Catalogue of the vascular plants of S. Tome etc. (Exell 1944); Checklist of the ferns of Sao Tome and Principe (Internet)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931); Guide des Orchidees de Sao Tome et Principe (Stevart & de Oliveira (2000)
more species list checklist Sao Tomé SAO 855 +112583810
1125All Species
838Indigenous Species
838Indigenous Species except Microspecies
10Endemic Species
10Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.9% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
145 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 9 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
18 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
106 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
101 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
467 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
287 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Annotated Catalogue of the flowering plants of Sao Tome and Principe (Figueiredo et al. 2011); Catalogue of the vascular plants of Sao Tome (Exell 1944/1956)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Checklist of the ferns of Sao Tome and Principe (Internet)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Guide des Orchidees de Sao Tome et Principe (Stevart & de Oliveira (2000)
more species list checklist Annobon Isl. ANN 17 +3402732
340All Species
273Indigenous Species
273Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2Endemic Species
2Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
47 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
5 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
50 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
25 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
146 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
67 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Velayos, M. et al. (2016): Checklist of the Vascular plants of Annobon (Equatorial Guinea); Catalogue of the vascular plants of Sao Tome (Exell 1944/1956)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Velayos, M. et al. (2014): Checklist of the Vascular plants of Annobon (Equatorial Guinea); Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial, Vol. 1 (Velayos et al. 2008)
more species list checklist Equatorial Guinea (mainland [Rio Muni], excluding islands) EQG 24.500 o191518593
1915All Species
1859Indigenous Species
1859Indigenous Species except Microspecies
3Endemic Species
3Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
136 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
2 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
84 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
371 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
162 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1104 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
56 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of Equatorial Guinean Flora (Royal Jardin Botanico Madrid, Internet); some more checklists on family level

Most recent flora

Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial (Velayos, ed., 2008 ff., 7 vols. published, incomplete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial, Vol. 1 (Velayos et al. 2008)
more species list checklist Gabon GAB 267.667 +47524648101
4752All Species
4648Indigenous Species
4648Indigenous Species except Microspecies
101Endemic Species
101Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
174 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
2 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
210 Basal Angiosperms (of them 27 endemic)
601 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 13 endemic)
271 Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
3390 Dicotyledons (of them 57 endemic)
104 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Sosef et al. (2006): Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon

Most recent flora

Flore du Gabon (Aubreville et al., eds., 1961-2022, 59 vols. published, still incomplete); Plantes à Fleurs du Gabon (Field Guide, J. P. Vande Weghe et al.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flore du Gabon, Vol. 8. Ptéridophytes (Tardieu-Blot 1964); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae 1 (Szlachetko & Olszewski 2000). In: Flore du Gabon (Morat, ed.)
more species list checklist Congo [Brazzaville] CON 342.000 +4204406312
4204All Species
4063Indigenous Species
4063Indigenous Species except Microspecies
12Endemic Species
12Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
210 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic)
5 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
162 Basal Angiosperms (of them 4 endemic)
713 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
165 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2808 Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic)
141 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo (Sita & Moutsambote 1988); La flore des plantes vascularies de la Republique du Congo: nouvelles donnees (Lachenaud 2009)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)
more species list checklist Central African Republic CAF 622.436 +354733537
3547All Species
3353Indigenous Species
3353Indigenous Species except Microspecies
7Endemic Species
7Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
113 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
4 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
97 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
584 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
155 Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
2400 Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic)
194 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue de la flore de Centrafrique (Boulevert 1977-1984, 3 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Catalogue de la flore de Centrafrique (Boulevert 1977); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of the Central African Republic (Cribb & Fay 1987)
more species list checklist Cabinda CAB 7.823 o4794789
479All Species
478Indigenous Species
478Indigenous Species except Microspecies
9Endemic Species
9Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.9% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
35 Basal Angiosperms (of them 9 endemic)
44 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
398 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
1 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Plants of Angola (Figueiredo & Smith 2008) [Checklist]

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Conspectus florae angolensis: Pteridophyta (Schelpe 1977)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

A provisional checklist of the Orchidaceae of Angola (Schelpe 1976)
more species list checklist D.R. Congo (Zaire) ZAI 2.344.885 o88978689224
8897All Species
8689Indigenous Species
8689Indigenous Species except Microspecies
224Endemic Species
224Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
334 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 16 endemic)
13 Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic)
180 Basal Angiosperms (of them 23 endemic)
1311 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 30 endemic)
542 Orchids (of them 6 endemic)
6309 Dicotyledons (of them 147 endemic)
208 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flore d'Afrique Centrale (1948-2022, over 70% complete); Flora of Tropical East Africa (various volumes) - covers mountains in eastern part of the country

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Pteridophytes of the Upper Katanga (Kornas et al. 2000); A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Pteridophytes of Rwanda, Burundi and Kivu (Zaire), pts. I - II (Pichi Sermolli 1983, 1985)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae in: Flore de l'Afrique Centrale (Geerinck 1984/1992)
more species list checklist Rwanda RWA 26.338 o2162211911
2162All Species
2119Indigenous Species
2119Indigenous Species except Microspecies
11Endemic Species
11Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
175 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
23 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
397 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
200 Orchids (of them 4 endemic)
1323 Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic)
43 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flore d'Afrique Centrale (1948-2022, over 70% complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Pteridophytes of Rwanda, Burundi and Kivu (Zaire), pts. I - II (Pichi Sermolli 1983, 1985); Flora of Tropical East Africa (various volumes)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae in: Flore de l'Afrique Centrale (Geerinck 1984/1992)
more species list checklist Burundi BUR 27.834 o205320164
2053All Species
2016Indigenous Species
2016Indigenous Species except Microspecies
4Endemic Species
4Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
178 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
17 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
364 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
179 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1277 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
37 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flore d'Afrique Centrale (1948-2022, over 70% complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Pteridophytes of Rwanda, Burundi and Kivu (Zaire), pts. I - II (Pichi Sermolli 1983, 1985))

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae in: Flore de l'Afrique Centrale (Geerinck 1984/1992)
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA (24)
more species list checklist Chad CHA 1.284.000 ++204218622
2042All Species
1862Indigenous Species
1862Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2Endemic Species
2Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
38 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
4 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
14 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
595 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
9 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1202 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
180 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis (Brundu 2013); Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Tchad meridional (Lebrun et al. 1972, with supplements 1976, 1977, 1986)

Most recent flora

Flore illustrée du Tchad (César & Chatelain 2019)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)
more species list checklist Sudan SUD 1.886.068 +214620143
2146All Species
2014Indigenous Species
2014Indigenous Species except Microspecies
3Endemic Species
3Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
171 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
2 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
8 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
526 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
18 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1289 Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic)
132 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Annotated checklist of the flowering plants of Sudan and South Sudan (Darbyshire et al. 2015)

Most recent flora

The flowering plants of the anglo-aegyptian Sudan (Andrews 1950-1956)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and the fern-allies of the Sudan (Macleay 1953); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)
more species list checklist South Sudan SSU 619.745 +279126923
2791All Species
2692Indigenous Species
2692Indigenous Species except Microspecies
3Endemic Species
3Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
5 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
36 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
649 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
69 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1932 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
99 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Annotated checklist of the flowering plants of Sudan and South Sudan (Darbyshire et al. 2015); Flora of the Sudan-Uganda border area east of the Nile (part 1: Catalogue, Friis & Vollesen 1998)

Most recent flora

The flowering plants of the anglo-aegyptian Sudan (Andrews 1950-1956)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and the fern-allies of the Sudan (Macleay 1953); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)
more species list checklist Ethiopia ETH 1.133.380 ++5051484153
5051All Species
4841Indigenous Species
4841Indigenous Species except Microspecies
53Endemic Species
53Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
183 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 7 endemic)
4 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
20 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
1057 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 17 endemic)
165 Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
3412 Dicotyledons (of them 28 endemic)
210 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea (1989 - 2009, 9 vols., complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Adumbratio Florae Aethiopicae (Pichi-Sermolli 1954 ff.)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea, Vol. 6 (Cribb & Thomas 1997)
more species list checklist Eritrea ERI 121.144 ++157515241
1575All Species
1524Indigenous Species
1524Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
29 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
2 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
4 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
419 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
28 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1042 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
51 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea (1989 - 2009, 9 vols., complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Adumbratio Florae Aethiopicae (Pichi-Sermolli 1954 ff.)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea, Vol. 6 (Cribb & Thomas 1997)
more species list checklist Djibouti DJI 23.200 ++6235880
623All Species
588Indigenous Species
588Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
13 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
2 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
3 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
131 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
438 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
35 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue des plantes vasculaires de la République de Djibouti (Lebrun et al. 1990)

Most recent flora

Les Plantes Vasculaires de la République de Djibouti (Audru et al. 1994, 3 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Adumbratio Florae Aethiopicae (Pichi-Sermolli 1954 ff.)
more species list checklist Somalia SOM 637.700 ++2955289451
2955All Species
2894Indigenous Species
2893Indigenous Species except Microspecies
51Endemic Species
51Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.7% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
40 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
4 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
18 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
559 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 7 endemic)
11 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2262 Dicotyledons (of them 43 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
61 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

The plants of Somalia: an overview and checklist (Kuchar 1986)

Most recent flora

Flora of Somalia (Thulin, ed., 4 vols., complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1 (Thulin, ed., 1993)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae (Pettersson). - In: Flora of Somalia, Vol. 4 (Thulin 1995)
more species list checklist Soqotra (incl. Abd-al-Kuri Isl., Samha Isl.) SOC 3.579 ++8217844
821All Species
784Indigenous Species
783Indigenous Species except Microspecies
4Endemic Species
4Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
28 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
164 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
4 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
585 Dicotyledons (of them 4 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
37 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Ethnoflora of Soqotra (Miller & Morris 2004)
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA (25)
more species list checklist Uganda UGA 241.038 ++456444026
4564All Species
4402Indigenous Species
4401Indigenous Species except Microspecies
6Endemic Species
6Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
272 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
7 Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic)
51 Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic)
958 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
293 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2821 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
162 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Flora of the Sudan-Uganda border area east of the Nile (part 1: Catalogue, Friis & Vollesen 1998)

Most recent flora

Flora of Tropical East Africa (complete in 286 volumes)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Pteridophytes of Tropical East Africa (Johns 1991, Checklist)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae: in Flora of Tropical East Africa (Summerhayes 1968, Cribb 1984, 1989)
more species list checklist Kenya KEN 582.646 ++6294604748
6294All Species
6047Indigenous Species
6046Indigenous Species except Microspecies
48Endemic Species
48Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.8% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
283 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 6 endemic)
8 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
64 Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic)
1258 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 7 endemic)
258 Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
4176 Dicotyledons (of them 29 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
247 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of Tropical East Africa (complete in 286 volumes)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Pteridophytes of Tropical East Africa (Johns 1991, Checklist)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae in: Flora of Tropical East Africa (Summerhayes 1968, Cribb 1984, 1989); Orchids of Kenya (Stewart 1996)
more species list checklist Tanzania (incl. Pemba Isl., Zanzibar) TAN 945.268 ++95109227301
9510All Species
9227Indigenous Species
9227Indigenous Species except Microspecies
301Endemic Species
301Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
3.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
405 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 27 endemic)
11 Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic)
126 Basal Angiosperms (of them 45 endemic)
1756 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 30 endemic)
549 Orchids (of them 22 endemic)
6380 Dicotyledons (of them 175 endemic)
283 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of Tropical East Africa (complete in 286 volumes)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Pteridophytes of Tropical East Africa (Johns 1991, Checklist)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae in: Flora of Tropical East Africa (Summerhayes 1968, Cribb 1984, 1989)
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA (26)
more species list checklist Angola (excl. Cabinda) ANG 1.238.877 +64236173134
6423All Species
6173Indigenous Species
6173Indigenous Species except Microspecies
134Endemic Species
134Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
204 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
5 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
75 Basal Angiosperms (of them 9 endemic)
1192 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 13 endemic)
209 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
4488 Dicotyledons (of them 111 endemic)
250 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Plants of Angola (Figueiredo & Smith 2008) [Checklist]

Most recent flora

Conspectus florae Angolensis (Fernandes et al., eds., 1937-1993, incomplete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

A provisional checklist of the Orchidaceae of Angola (Schelpe 1976)
more species list checklist Zambia ZAM 752.614 ++6079586656
6079All Species
5866Indigenous Species
5866Indigenous Species except Microspecies
56Endemic Species
56Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.9% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
176 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
3 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
52 Basal Angiosperms (of them 4 endemic)
1176 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 15 endemic)
405 Orchids (of them 5 endemic)
4054 Dicotyledons (of them 30 endemic)
213 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A checklist of Zambian vascular plants (Phiri 2005)

Most recent flora

Flora Zambesiaca (Exell et al., eds., 1960-2020, 48 of 50 parts published)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora Zambesiaca: Pteridophyta (1970); Distribution and ecology of the Pteridophytes in Zambia (Kornas 1978)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae in: Flora Zambesiaca (La Croix & Cribb 1995/98)
more species list checklist Malawi MLW 118.484 ++4374427511
4374All Species
4275Indigenous Species
4275Indigenous Species except Microspecies
11Endemic Species
11Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
236 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
6 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
32 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
810 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
406 Orchids (of them 4 endemic)
2785 Dicotyledons (of them 5 endemic)
99 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora Zambesiaca (Exell et al., eds., 1960-2020, 48 of 50 parts published)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora Zambesiaca: Pteridophyta (Schelpe 1970)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae in Flora Zambesiaca (La Croix & Cribb 1995/98)
more species list checklist Zimbabwe ZIM 390.759 ++5534509119
5534All Species
5091Indigenous Species
5090Indigenous Species except Microspecies
19Endemic Species
19Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
276 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic)
9 Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic)
38 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
953 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic)
344 Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
3471 Dicotyledons (of them 9 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
443 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants (Mapaura 2004)

Most recent flora

Flora Zambesiaca (Exell et al., eds., 1960-2020, 48 of 50 parts published)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora Zambesiaca: Pteridophyta (1970)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora Zambesiaca: Orchidaceae (La Croix & Cribb 1995/98); A list of orchids indigenous in Rhodesia (Grosvenor 1976)
more species list checklist Mozambique MOZ 799.380 ++5541511435
5541All Species
5114Indigenous Species
5114Indigenous Species except Microspecies
35Endemic Species
35Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
226 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
19 Gymnosperms (of them 4 endemic)
54 Basal Angiosperms (of them 5 endemic)
814 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic)
208 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
3793 Dicotyledons (of them 21 endemic)
427 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of Mozambique (da Silva et al. 2004)

Most recent flora

Flora Zambesiaca (Exell et al., eds., 1960-2020, 48 of 50 parts published); Flora de Mocambique (A. Fernandes, ed., 79 vols. published until 1980, incomplete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora Zambesiaca: Pteridophyta (1970)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

A Provisional Check-List of the Orchidaceae of Mozambique (Schelpe 1976)
SOUTH AFRICA (27)
more species list checklist Namibia (incl. Caprivi Strip) NAM 824.269 ++4047385887
4047All Species
3858Indigenous Species
3858Indigenous Species except Microspecies
87Endemic Species
87Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
62 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
16 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
923 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 11 endemic)
18 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2838 Dicotyledons (of them 74 endemic)
189 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A Checklist of Namibian Indigenous and Naturalised Plants (Klaassen & Kwembeya 2013); List of Namibian Plant Species (Kolberg et al. 1992)

Most recent flora

Prodromus einer Flora von Südwestafrica (Merxmüller 1966-1972, 167 families published, incomplete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Prodromus einer Flora von Südwestafrika, Lfg. 26 (Merxmüller, ed., 1969)
more species list checklist Botswana BOT 581.730 ++262225042
2622All Species
2504Indigenous Species
2504Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2Endemic Species
2Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
50 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
13 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
665 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
27 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1749 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
118 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Preliminary checklist of the plants of Botswana (Setshogo 2005)

Most recent flora

Flora Zambesiaca (Exell et al., eds., 1960-today, 48 of 50 parts published)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora Zambesiaca: Pteridophyta (Schelpe 1970); Ferns of Southern Africa (Crouch et al. 2012)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora Zambesiaca: Orchidaceae (La Croix & Cribb 1995/98); Orchids of Southern Africa (Linder & Kurzweil 1999)
more species list checklist South Africa SAF 1.219.090 +20298193378550
20298All Species
19337Indigenous Species
19323Indigenous Species except Microspecies
8550Endemic Species
8550Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
42.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
275 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 37 endemic)
46 Gymnosperms (of them 32 endemic)
40 Basal Angiosperms (of them 6 endemic)
4612 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2192 endemic)
469 Orchids (of them 163 endemic)
13895 Dicotyledons (of them 6120 endemic)
14 Microspecies (of them endemic)
961 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A checklist of South African Plants (Germishuizen et al. 2006); Plants of southern Africa. An annotated checklist (Roux 2003); Vascular Plants of Southern Africa: Names and Distribution (Arnold & de Wet 1993)

Most recent flora

Flora of southern Africa (1966 ff., 29 vols. published, very incomplete); A Flora of the eastern Cape (C. L. Bredenkamp, ed., 3 vols., 2019, complete); Many major monographs in the Series "Strelitzia". Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region (2 vols., Manning & Goldblatt 2012).

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Ferns of Southern Africa (Crouch et al. 2012); Flora of Southern Africa: Pteridophyta (Schelpe & Anthony 1986)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of Southern Africa (Linder & Kurzweil 1999)
more species list checklist Lesotho LES 30.355 +178216311
1782All Species
1631Indigenous Species
1629Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
89 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
433 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
60 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1047 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
2 Microspecies (of them endemic)
151 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A checklist of South African Plants (Germishuizen et al. 2006); Plants of southern Africa. An annotated checklist (Roux 2003); Vascular Plants of Southern Africa: Names and Distribution (Arnold & de Wet 1993)

Most recent flora

Flora of Lesotho (Basutoland) (Guillarmod 1971); Flora of southern Africa (1966 ff., 29 vols. published, very incomplete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Ferns of Southern Africa (Crouch et al. 2012); Flora of Southern Africa: Pteridophyta (Schelpe & Anthony 1986)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of Southern Africa (Linder & Kurzweil 1999)
more species list checklist Eswatini [Swaziland] SWZ 17.363 +279426465
2794All Species
2646Indigenous Species
2646Indigenous Species except Microspecies
5Endemic Species
5Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
108 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
12 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
17 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
643 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
90 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1776 Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic)
148 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A checklist of South African Plants (Germishuizen et al. 2006); Plants of southern Africa. An annotated checklist (Roux 2003); Vascular Plants of Southern Africa: Names and Distribution (Arnold & de Wet 1993)

Most recent flora

Flora of southern Africa (1966 ff., 29 vols. published, very incomplete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Ferns of Southern Africa (Crouch et al. 2012); Flora of Southern Africa: Pteridophyta (Schelpe & Anthony 1986)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Flora of Swaziland: Orchidaceae (Compton 1976)
MIDDLE ATLANTIC OCEAN (28)
more species list checklist Ascension Isl. ASC 88 +40337
40All Species
33Indigenous Species
33Indigenous Species except Microspecies
7Endemic Species
7Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
17.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
15 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 6 endemic)
12 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
6 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
7 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Fairhurst, W. (2004) Flowering plants of Ascension Island; A plan for the conservation of endemic and native flora of Ascension Island (Lambdon et al. 2009)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Farne auf atlantischen Inseln (Benl & Benl 1988)
more species list checklist St. Helena STH 122 ++4899916
489All Species
99Indigenous Species
99Indigenous Species except Microspecies
16Endemic Species
16Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
3.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
31 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 16 endemic)
28 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
40 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
390 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

St. Helena: Checklist of endemic & indigenous plants (Clifton 1996)

Most recent flora

Flowering Plants & Ferns of St. Helena (Lambdon 2013); The Endemic Flora of St. Helena (Cronk 2000)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Farne auf atlantischen Inseln (Benl & Benl 1988)
INDIAN OCEAN (29)
more species list checklist Madagascar MDG 587.041 +12091116802732
12091All Species
11680Indigenous Species
11680Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2732Endemic Species
2732Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
22.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
726 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 396 endemic)
8 Gymnosperms (of them 6 endemic)
356 Basal Angiosperms (of them 338 endemic)
1568 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 294 endemic)
941 Orchids (of them 349 endemic)
8081 Dicotyledons (of them 1349 endemic)
411 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar (www.tropicos.org)

Most recent flora

Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (H. Humbert, ed., 1937 ff., almost complete in ca. 180 volumes, but partially outdated)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, pt. 1-11,13 (Tardieu-Blot 1958-71), pt. 14 (Stefanovic et al. 1997)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The orchids of Madagascar: annotated checklist (Du Puy et al. 1999); Orchids of Madagascar, ed. 2 (Hermans 2007)
more species list checklist Comores (incl. Mayotte) COM 1.862 o1053100025
1053All Species
1000Indigenous Species
1000Indigenous Species except Microspecies
25Endemic Species
25Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2.4% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
164 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 9 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
22 Basal Angiosperms (of them 12 endemic)
169 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
94 Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
550 Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic)
53 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (H. Humbert, ed., 1937 ff., almost complete in ca. 180 volumes, but partially outdated)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, pt. 1-11,13 (Tardieu-Blot 1958-71), pt. 14 (Stefanovic et al. 1997)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The orchids of Madagascar: annotated checklist (Du Puy et al. 1999); Orchids of Madagascar, ed. 2 (Hermans 2007)
more species list checklist Mozambique Channel Isl. (Iles Eparses p. p., incl. Ile Europa, Juan de Nova Isl.) MCI 36 +170850
170All Species
85Indigenous Species
83Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
3 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
1 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
17 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
63 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
2 Microspecies (of them endemic)
85 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

An updated account of the vascular flora of the Iles Eparses (Boullet et al. 2018)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, pt. 1-11,13 (Tardieu-Blot 1958-71), pt. 14 (Stefanovic et al. 1997)
more species list checklist Mauritius (incl. Tromelin Isl.) MAU 2.040 ++1952102833
1952All Species
1028Indigenous Species
1028Indigenous Species except Microspecies
33Endemic Species
33Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.7% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
202 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 15 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
24 Basal Angiosperms (of them 14 endemic)
224 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
98 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
479 Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic)
924 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flore des Mascareignes (Bosser et al., eds., 1980-2019, 26 vols., complete except Orchidaceae); Les Orchidées des Mascareignes (Szelengowicz & Tamon 2013)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Guide des Fougères et planes alliées des Mascareignes (Grangeaud 2010); Flore des Mascareignes, Pteridophytes. 1. Psilotacees - 26. Marsileacees. (Bosser, Badre & Gueho, eds., 2008)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Les Orchidées des Mascareignes (Szelengowicz & Tamon 2013)
more species list checklist La Réunion REU 2.503 ++1846107047
1846All Species
1070Indigenous Species
1070Indigenous Species except Microspecies
47Endemic Species
47Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
252 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 26 endemic)
7 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
16 Basal Angiosperms (of them 6 endemic)
210 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
215 Orchids (of them 12 endemic)
370 Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic)
776 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flore des Mascareignes (Bosser et al., eds., 1980-2019, 26 vols., complete except Orchidaceae); Les Orchidées des Mascareignes (Szelengowicz & Tamon 2013)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Guide des Fougères et planes alliées des Mascareignes (Grangeaud 2010); Flore des Mascareignes, Pteridophytes. 1. Psilotacees - 26. Marsileacees. (Bosser, Badre & Gueho, eds., 2008)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Les Orchidées des Mascareignes (Szelengowicz & Tamon 2013)
more species list checklist Rodrigues Isl. ROD 109 ++4292247
429All Species
224Indigenous Species
224Indigenous Species except Microspecies
7Endemic Species
7Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
27 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic)
4 Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic)
73 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
5 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
115 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
205 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flore des Mascareignes (Bosser et al., eds., 1980-2019, 26 vols., complete except Orchidaceae); Les Orchidées des Mascareignes (Szelengowicz & Tamon 2013)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Guide des Fougères et planes alliées des Mascareignes (Grangeaud 2010); Flore des Mascareignes, Pteridophytes. 1. Psilotacees - 26. Marsileacees. (Bosser, Badre & Gueho, eds., 2008)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Les Orchidées des Mascareignes (Szelengowicz & Tamon 2013)
more species list checklist Iles Glorieuses (Iles Eparses p. p.) IGL 7 +128640
128All Species
64Indigenous Species
62Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
5 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
15 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
40 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
2 Microspecies (of them endemic)
64 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

An updated account of the vascular flora of the Iles Eparses (Boullet et al. 2018)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Les Fougères des Mascareignes et des Seychelles (Tardieu-Blot 1960)
more species list checklist Agalega Isl. AGA 24 o110
1All Species
1Indigenous Species
1Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)

Most recent checklist

List of the recorded vascular flora of Agalega (Fosberg et al. 1983, only historical records, no recent data)
more species list checklist Aldabra ALD 155 +1161020
116All Species
102Indigenous Species
101Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
55 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
3 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
44 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
14 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of Aldabra (Hemsley 1919)
more species list checklist Seychelles SEY 300 +82240714
822All Species
407Indigenous Species
407Indigenous Species except Microspecies
14Endemic Species
14Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.7% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
86 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 12 endemic)
6 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
123 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
22 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
170 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
415 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flore des Seychelles: dicotyledones (Friedmann 1994); Flowering Plants of Seychelles (Robertson 1989)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Les Fougères des Mascareignes et des Seychelles (Tardieu-Blot 1960); Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)
more species list checklist Chagos Arch. (Diego Garcia) CGS 30 ++179791
179All Species
79Indigenous Species
79Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
8 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
16 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
53 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
100 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

An annotated check list of the flora of Diego Garcia (Topp 1988)
TEMPERATE ASIA (3)
SIBERIA (30)
more species list checklist Siberia (incl. Altay, Sayan, Tuva, Krasnoyarsk, Buryatia, Chita, Transbaikalia, Yakutia, Irkutsk, NE-Siberia) SIB 10.600.000 +4477429446
4477All Species
4294Indigenous Species
4077Indigenous Species except Microspecies
46Endemic Species
41Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.9% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
89 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic)
20 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
5 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
868 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 7 endemic)
46 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
3266 Dicotyledons (of them 36 endemic)
217 Microspecies (of them 5 endemic)
183 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (Czerepanov 2007, Checklist)

Most recent flora

Flora of the USSR / chief ed. V. L. Komarov (30 vols., 1934-1964); Flora of the Russian Arctic (Tolmachev & Yurtsev, eds., 1995 ff., 3 vols. published); Flora of Siberia (Malychev, ed., 2000 ff., 14 vols., to be continued); Vascular Plants of the Russian Far East (Kharkevich, ed., 2003 ff., 1 vol. published)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968)
RUSSIAN FAR EAST (31)
more species list checklist Russian Far East (Sakhalin, Amur, Ussuri, Okhotsk, Kuril Isl., Kamchatka, Commander Isl., Primorye, Khabarovsk, Magadan) RFE 2.500.000 +4093352654
4093All Species
3526Indigenous Species
3435Indigenous Species except Microspecies
54Endemic Species
52Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
147 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic)
24 Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic)
13 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
872 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 19 endemic)
69 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2401 Dicotyledons (of them 27 endemic)
91 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic)
567 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (Czerepanov 2007, Checklist)

Most recent flora

Flora of the USSR / chief ed. V. L. Komarov (30 vols., 1934-1964); Flora of the Russian Arctic (Tolmachev & Yurtsev, eds., 1995 ff., 3 vols. published); Flora of Siberia (Malychev, ed., 2000 ff., 14 vols., to be continued); Vascular Plants of the Russian Far East (Kharkevich, ed., 2003 ff., 1 vol. published); Flora murmanskoj oblasti (Kirova, 5 vols., 1953-1966); Flora i paleogeografija Komandoskikh ostrovov (Vasil'ev 1957); Plants of the Kuril Islands (Takahashi 2015)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968)
MIDDLE ASIA (32)
more species list checklist Kazakhstan KAZ 2.717.300 +5334514583
5334All Species
5145Indigenous Species
5022Indigenous Species except Microspecies
83Endemic Species
82Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
59 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
20 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
6 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
868 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 17 endemic)
24 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
4168 Dicotyledons (of them 66 endemic)
123 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic)
189 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of vascular plants of Kazakhstan (Abdulina 1999)

Most recent flora

Flora Kazakhstana (Pavlov, etc., 1956-1966, 9 vols., complete); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Plants of Central Asia (Grubov, ed., 1999 ff., 16 vols. published)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Kazakhstan SSR (Kuznetzov & Pavlov 1958); Plants of Central Asia, Vol. 7 (2003) (Grubov, ed.)
more species list checklist Turkmenistan TKM 488.100 +2962282816
2962All Species
2828Indigenous Species
2807Indigenous Species except Microspecies
16Endemic Species
16Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
20 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
11 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
534 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic)
15 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2248 Dicotyledons (of them 13 endemic)
21 Microspecies (of them endemic)
134 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Plants of Central Asia (Grubov, ed., 1999 ff., 16 vols. published); Flora Turkmenii (Fedtschenko et al., eds., 7 vols., 1932-60); Flora Iranica (Rechinger, ed., 1963-2010); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Opredelitelja Rastenii Turkmenistana (Key to the Plants of Turkmenistan) (Nikitin & Geldichanov 1988)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Flora Iranica, Vol. 126 (Renz 1978) (Kopet Dagh only)
more species list checklist Uzbekistan UZB 447.700 o4197382137
4197All Species
3821Indigenous Species
3784Indigenous Species except Microspecies
37Endemic Species
37Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.9% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
19 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
15 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
710 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic)
11 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
3064 Dicotyledons (of them 31 endemic)
37 Microspecies (of them endemic)
376 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Sennikov et al. (Checklist, in prep.)

Most recent flora

Flora of Uzbekistan (Sennikov, ed., 3 vols. published, 2017-2019), Flora Uzbekistana (Schreder et al., eds., 1953-62, 6 vols., complete); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Plants of Central Asia (Grubov, ed., 1999 ff., 16 vols. published)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Uzbekistana, Vol. 1 (Schreder et al. 1953)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Orchidaceae (Czerniakowska). - In: Flora Uzbekistanica I (Schreiber, ed., 1941); Plants of Central Asia, Vol. 7 (2003) (Grubov, ed.)
more species list checklist Kyrgyzstan (Kirgisia) KGZ 198.500 +3778369836
3778All Species
3698Indigenous Species
3610Indigenous Species except Microspecies
36Endemic Species
35Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.9% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
30 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
13 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
651 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic)
15 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2989 Dicotyledons (of them 31 endemic)
88 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic)
80 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan (Lazkov & Sultanova 2011)

Most recent flora

Flora Kirghiszkoj SSR (11 vols., 1950-1965, complete), Flora Kirghiszkoj SSR (new version, Vykhotsev, ed., 1967-70, incomplete); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Plants of Central Asia (Grubov, ed., 1999 ff., 16 vols. published)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Kirgistan III (Shishkin & Vvedensky 1951); Plants of Central Asia, Vol. 7 (2003) (Grubov, ed.)
more species list checklist Tajikistan TZK 143.100 o4702445352
4702All Species
4453Indigenous Species
4374Indigenous Species except Microspecies
52Endemic Species
52Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
28 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
16 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
756 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 10 endemic)
13 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
3640 Dicotyledons (of them 42 endemic)
79 Microspecies (of them endemic)
249 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas (Nowak & Nobis 2020, only about 30% of species covered); Flora Tadzikskoj SSR (Ovchinnikov et al., ed., 1957 - 1991, complete, 10 vols.); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Plants of Central Asia (Grubov, ed., 1999 ff., 16 vols. published)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Tadjikskoj SSSR, Vol. 1 (Ovchinnikov 1957)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Tadshikistan (Ovchinnikov 1963); Plants of Central Asia, Vol. 7 (2003) (Grubov, ed.)
CAUCASUS (33)
more species list checklist Northern Caucasus (incl. Chechnya, Daghestan, etc.) NCS 200.000 +4133389527
4133All Species
3895Indigenous Species
3780Indigenous Species except Microspecies
27Endemic Species
26Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
71 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
11 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
7 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
745 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
42 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
3019 Dicotyledons (of them 26 endemic)
115 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic)
238 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Caucasian Flora Conspectus (Takhtajan 2003-2012) (4 of 5 volumes published)

Most recent flora

Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Flora Kavkaza (Grossgeim, ed., 7 vols., 1939-1967)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of Russia (Tatarenko 1996); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (Czerepanov 2007); Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Orkhidei nachei strany (Vakhrameeva et al. 1991)
more species list checklist Gruziya [Georgia - Caucasus] (incl. Abkhazia, Adzharia) GEO 69.700 +3970370114
3970All Species
3701Indigenous Species
3572Indigenous Species except Microspecies
14Endemic Species
12Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
75 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
10 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
7 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
676 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
46 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2887 Dicotyledons (of them 13 endemic)
129 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic)
269 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Vascular Plants of Georgia - A Nomenclatural Checklist (Gagnidze 2005); Conspectus Flora Kavkaza (Takhtajan 2003-2012, 4 of 5 vols. published)

Most recent flora

Flora Gruzii (in Georgian) (1971-2007, 15 vols., complete); Flora Abhazii (Kolakovskij, 1980-1986, 4 vols.), Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Illustrated Field Guide to the Flora of Georgia (South Caucasus) (Fischer et al. 2018); Flora Kavkaza (Grossgeim, ed., 7 vols., 1939-1967)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Vascular Plants of Georgia - A Nomenclatural Checklist (Gagnidze 2005)
more species list checklist Armenia ARM 29.800 +3502342212
3502All Species
3422Indigenous Species
3349Indigenous Species except Microspecies
12Endemic Species
12Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
45 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
9 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
3 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
650 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
40 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2675 Dicotyledons (of them 11 endemic)
73 Microspecies (of them endemic)
80 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the Flora of Armenia (Saghatelyan, unpubl.); Caucasian Flora Conspectus (Takhtajan 2003-2012) (4 of 5 volumes published)

Most recent flora

Flora Armenii (ed. A. L. Tahtadzjiana) (11 vols., 1954-2011); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Flora Iranica, Vol. 126 (Renz 1978) [S-Aserbaidshan, Talysh-Region]
more species list checklist Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh, incl. Nakhichevan) AZE 81.100 +368335358
3683All Species
3535Indigenous Species
3477Indigenous Species except Microspecies
8Endemic Species
8Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
57 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
9 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
4 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
735 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
37 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2693 Dicotyledons (of them 6 endemic)
58 Microspecies (of them endemic)
148 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Caucasian Flora Conspectus (Takhtajan 2003-2012) (4 of 5 volumes published)

Most recent flora

Flora Azerbaidzana (2 vols. published, 1953-1957); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Flora Kavkaza (Grossgeim, ed., 7 vols., 1939-1967)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Flora Iranica, Vol. 126 (Renz 1978) [Talysh region only]; Orchidaceae (Karjagin). - In: Flora of Aserbaidshan II (1952)
WESTERN ASIA (34)
more species list checklist Eastern Aegaean Islands (Karpathos, Kasos, Rhodos, Kos, Symi, Samos, Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Limnos etc.) EAI 7.000 ++241322576
2413All Species
2257Indigenous Species
2241Indigenous Species except Microspecies
6Endemic Species
6Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
35 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
10 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
8 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
460 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
64 Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
1680 Dicotyledons (of them 4 endemic)
16 Microspecies (of them endemic)
156 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Atlas of the Aegaean Flora (Strid 2016); Dimopoulos et al. (2013, 2016); Checklist updating and analysis of the flora of Symi island and of the nearby island of Seskli (Cattaneo & Grano 2019)

Most recent flora

Flora Hellenica (Strid & Kit Tan, eds., 1997 ff.); Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Islands (Davis et al., eds., 1965-2000); Flora von Rhodos and Chalki (Kleinsteuber et al., vol. 1, 2016)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Turkey and the east Aegaean Islands, Vol. 8 (Renz & Taubenheim 1984); Die Orchideen von Kreta und Karpathos (Alibertis 1997); Orchideen auf Rhodos (Kretzschmar & Eccarius 2001); Orchideen auf Kreta, Karpathos & Kasos (Kretzschmar & Eccarius 2001)
more species list checklist Turkey (excl. European Turkey) TUR 756.816 ++98809715870
9880All Species
9715Indigenous Species
9544Indigenous Species except Microspecies
870Endemic Species
867Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
8.8% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
98 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 6 endemic)
21 Gymnosperms (of them 5 endemic)
30 Basal Angiosperms (of them 12 endemic)
1609 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 180 endemic)
90 Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
7867 Dicotyledons (of them 665 endemic)
171 Microspecies (of them 3 endemic)
165 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.)

Most recent flora

Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Islands (Davis et al., eds., 1965-2000, 9 vols. + 2 supplement volumes, complete); Flowers of Turkey - A photo guide (Pils 2006)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Turkey and the east Aegaean Islands, Vol. 8 (Renz & Taubenheim 1984); Die Orchideen der Türkei (Kreutz 1999); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Turkey, Vol. 11 (Supplement (Kreutz 2000); Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982)
more species list checklist Iraq IRQ 438.317 +2996295117
2996All Species
2951Indigenous Species
2933Indigenous Species except Microspecies
17Endemic Species
17Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
19 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
5 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
4 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
552 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
21 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2350 Dicotyledons (of them 15 endemic)
18 Microspecies (of them endemic)
45 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.)

Most recent flora

Flora of Iraq (1966-2019, almost complete); Flora of Lowland Iraq (Rechinger, ed., 1964)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Iraq, Vol. 8 (Wood 1985)
more species list checklist Iran IRN 1.648.000 ++79237851568
7923All Species
7851Indigenous Species
7773Indigenous Species except Microspecies
568Endemic Species
568Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
7.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
59 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
18 Gymnosperms (of them 5 endemic)
5 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
1040 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 20 endemic)
42 Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
6687 Dicotyledons (of them 541 endemic)
78 Microspecies (of them endemic)
72 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora Iranica (Rechinger, ed., 1963-2015, 181 vols., complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora Iranica, Vol. 126 (Renz 1978)
more species list checklist Afghanistan AFG 652.225 ++4377426895
4377All Species
4268Indigenous Species
4225Indigenous Species except Microspecies
95Endemic Species
95Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
49 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
22 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
1 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
707 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic)
13 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
3476 Dicotyledons (of them 90 endemic)
43 Microspecies (of them endemic)
109 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Vascular plants of Afghanistan: an augmented checklist (Breckle et al. 2013); Checklist of the Flowering plants of Afghanistan (Podlech 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora Iranica (Rechinger, ed., 1963-2015, 181 vols., complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora Iranica, Vol. 126 (Renz 1978)
more species list checklist Cyprus CYP 9.251 ++1704161811
1704All Species
1618Indigenous Species
1609Indigenous Species except Microspecies
11Endemic Species
11Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
24 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
10 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
3 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
317 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
41 Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
1223 Dicotyledons (of them 5 endemic)
9 Microspecies (of them endemic)
86 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.)

Most recent flora

Flora of Cyprus, Vol. 1/2 (Meikle 1977, 1985); An Illustrated Flora of North Cyprus, Vol. 2 (Viney 1996); Illustrated Flora of Cyprus (Christofides 2017, field guide)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Orchidaceae (J. J. Wood). - In: Flora of Cyprus, Vol. 2 (Meikle 1985); Orchids of Cyprus (Morschek & Morschek 1996)
more species list checklist Lebanon LEB 10.230 +270026337
2700All Species
2633Indigenous Species
2620Indigenous Species except Microspecies
7Endemic Species
7Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
33 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
12 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
9 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
465 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
34 Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
2080 Dicotyledons (of them 4 endemic)
13 Microspecies (of them endemic)
67 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.)

Most recent flora

Illustrated Flora of Lebanon (G. & H. Tolme, 2007-2014, 2 vols.); Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie (Mouterde, 1966/1970, 2 vols. text + 2 vols. atlas)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie I (Mouterde 1966); Die Orchideen der Levante (Fragman & Kretzschmar, in prep.)
more species list checklist Syria SYR 185.180 +2884284112
2884All Species
2841Indigenous Species
2831Indigenous Species except Microspecies
12Endemic Species
12Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.4% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
18 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
12 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
9 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
473 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic)
36 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2293 Dicotyledons (of them 7 endemic)
10 Microspecies (of them endemic)
43 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.)

Most recent flora

Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie (Mouterde, 1966/1970)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie, Vol. I (Mouterde 1966); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982)
more species list checklist Israel + Palestine ISR 21.946 +245023383
2450All Species
2338Indigenous Species
2335Indigenous Species except Microspecies
3Endemic Species
3Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
19 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
8 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
8 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
471 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
34 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1798 Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic)
3 Microspecies (of them endemic)
112 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist and ecological data-base of the Flora of Israel (Fragman et al. 1999)

Most recent flora

Flora Palaestina (4 + 4 vols., 1966-1987, complete), Analytical Flora of Eretz-Israel (Feinbrun-Dothan & Danin 1989)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Annotated List of the Orchids of Israel (Dafni et al. 1986); Orchids of Israel (Dafni 1981); Flora Palestina, pt. IV (Feinbrun-Dothan 1986)
more species list checklist Sinai peninsula SIN 61.000 +132912910
1329All Species
1291Indigenous Species
1291Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
7 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
6 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
261 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1014 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
38 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.)

Most recent flora

Flora of Egypt (Boulos, ed., 1999-2005)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Flora of Egypt, Vol. 1: Azollaceae - Oxalidaceae (Boulos 1999)
more species list checklist Jordania JOR 89.556 +162415930
1624All Species
1593Indigenous Species
1588Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
5 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
6 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
272 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
15 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1293 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
5 Microspecies (of them endemic)
31 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

The Plants of Jordan. An annotated Checklist (Taifour & El-Oqlah 2017)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Orchids of Jordan (Al-Eisawi 1986)
ARABIAN PENINSULA (35)
more species list checklist Saudi Arabia SAU 2.240.000 +211620343
2116All Species
2034Indigenous Species
2034Indigenous Species except Microspecies
3Endemic Species
3Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
27 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
11 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
4 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
408 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
4 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1580 Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic)
82 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.)

Most recent flora

Flora of Saudi-Arabia (3 vols., 3rd ed., Migahid 1988-1989); Flora of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (3 vols. in 5 parts, Chaudhary, ed., 2001-2007); Flora of Eastern Saudi-Arabia (Mandaville 1990)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Orchids of Arabia (Cribb 1979, in Kew Bull. 33); New records of Orchidaceae for Arabia (Cribb 1986); Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.), Vol. 6 (Heller & Heyn 1991); Flora of Eastern Saudi-Arabia (MANDAVILLE 1990); Orchidaceae, in: Flora of Saudi-Arabia, 3. Aufl. (MIGAHID 1989)
more species list checklist Kuwait KUW 17.820 ++4003920
400All Species
392Indigenous Species
392Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
2 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
88 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
301 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
8 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the Flora of Kuwait (Boulos & Al-Dosari 1994)

Most recent flora

Flora of Kuwait (2 vols., 1985-1987, complete); Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra (Miller & Cope, 2 vols. published)
more species list checklist Bahrain BAR 707 +2752640
275All Species
264Indigenous Species
264Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
3 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
56 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
204 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
11 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A checklist of vascular plants of Bahrain (El-Oqlah & Abbas 1994)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra (Miller & Cope, 2 vols. published)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Orchids of Arabia (Cribb 1979, in Kew Bull. 33); New records of Orchidaceae for Arabia (Cribb 1986)
more species list checklist Qatar QAT 11.427 ++3953140
395All Species
314Indigenous Species
314Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
74 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
238 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
81 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

An Illustrated Checklist of the Flora of Qatar (Norton et al. 2009)

Most recent flora

The Flora of Qatar (2 vols., Abd el Bary & Ekhlas 2012); Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra (Miller & Cope, 2 vols. published)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Orchids of Arabia (Cribb 1979, in Kew Bull. 33); New records of Orchidaceae for Arabia (Cribb 1986)
more species list checklist United Arab Emirates (incl. Dubai, Abu Dhabi) UAE 83.600 +3813620
381All Species
362Indigenous Species
362Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
3 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
1 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
106 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
251 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
19 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Annotated Check-list for Plants in the U.A.E. (Jongbloed 2000)

Most recent flora

Flora of the United Arab Emirates (Karim & Fawzi 2007, 2 vols., complete); Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra (Miller & Cope, 2 vols. published); The Comprehensive Guide to the Wildflowers of the United Arab Emirates (Jongbloed 2003)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Orchids of Arabia (Cribb 1979, in Kew Bull. 33); New records of Orchidaceae for Arabia (Cribb 1986)
more species list checklist Oman OMA 309.500 ++109110481
1091All Species
1048Indigenous Species
1048Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
18 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
5 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
3 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
219 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
7 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
796 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
43 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

An Annotated Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Oman (Ghazanfar 1992)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Sultanate of Oman (Ghazanfar et al., 4 vols. 2003-2018, complete); Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra (Miller & Cope, 2 vols. published)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Orchids of Arabia (Cribb 1979, in Kew Bull. 33); New records of Orchidaceae for Arabia (Cribb 1986)
more species list checklist Yemen (excl. Soqotra) YEM 527.970 +205719607
2057All Species
1960Indigenous Species
1960Indigenous Species except Microspecies
7Endemic Species
7Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
43 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
7 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
7 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
433 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic)
18 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1452 Dicotyledons (of them 4 endemic)
97 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.)

Most recent flora

A handbook of the Yemen Flora (Wood & Haig-Thomas 1997)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Orchids of Arabia (Cribb 1979, in Kew Bull. 33); New records of Orchidaceae for Arabia (Cribb 1986)
CHINA (36)
more species list checklist China (incl. Hongkong, Macao and Hainan; excl. Tibet, Taiwan and South China Sea Isl.) CHI 8.351.300 ++30958299005857
30958All Species
29900Indigenous Species
29735Indigenous Species except Microspecies
5857Endemic Species
5831Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
18.8% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1954 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 635 endemic)
174 Gymnosperms (of them 77 endemic)
932 Basal Angiosperms (of them 561 endemic)
4417 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 858 endemic)
1366 Orchids (of them 161 endemic)
21057 Dicotyledons (of them 3565 endemic)
165 Microspecies (of them 26 endemic)
1058 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of China (Zheng-Yi & Raven, eds., 1994-2013, 25 vols., complete, plus 23 picture volumes); Higher Plants of China in Colour (2016, 8 vols.). Many regional floras in Chinese

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora of China, Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae) (Xinqi et al.); Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Vol. 17-19, 1999); Native Orchids of China in Colour (Singchi = Xinqi et al. 1998)
more species list checklist Tibet [Xizang] TIB 1.220.000 ++68566801180
6856All Species
6801Indigenous Species
6767Indigenous Species except Microspecies
180Endemic Species
180Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
517 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 20 endemic)
50 Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic)
93 Basal Angiosperms (of them 16 endemic)
846 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 11 endemic)
294 Orchids (of them 3 endemic)
5001 Dicotyledons (of them 127 endemic)
34 Microspecies (of them endemic)
55 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of China (Zheng-Yi & Raven, eds., 1994-2013, 25 vols., complete, plus 23 picture volumes)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora of China, Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae) (Xinqi et al.); Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Vol. 17-19, 1999); Native Orchids of China in Colour (Singchi = Xinqi et al. 1998)
MONGOLIA (37)
more species list checklist Mongolia MON 1.566.500 ++284928059
2849All Species
2805Indigenous Species
2740Indigenous Species except Microspecies
9Endemic Species
9Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
49 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
18 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
3 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
522 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
25 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2188 Dicotyledons (of them 8 endemic)
65 Microspecies (of them endemic)
44 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Conspectus of the vascular plants of Mongolia (Urgamal et al. 2014); Flora of Mongolia: annotated checklist of native vascular plants (Baasanmunkh et al. 2022)

Most recent flora

Flora of Mongolia (2009 ff., only 3 vols. published, very incomplete); Key to the Vascular Plants of Mongolia (Grubov 1982); Plants of Central Asia, Vol. 1 (Grubov 1963 [transl. 1999]); Flowers of Mongolia (Hauck & Solongo 2010)
EASTERN ASIA (38)
more species list checklist North Korea NKO 120.500 ++192419093
1924All Species
1909Indigenous Species
1907Indigenous Species except Microspecies
3Endemic Species
3Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
104 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
18 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
14 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
508 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
41 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1224 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
2 Microspecies (of them endemic)
15 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Provisional Checklist of Vascular Plants for the Korea Peninsula Flora (KPF) (Chang et al. 2014)

Most recent flora

Coloured flora of Korea (Lee 2003, e vols.); Flora of Korea (C.-W. Park, ed., 8 vols. published); Flora coreana (Im Rok Jae, 1996-2000, 9 vols., complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Illustrated Flora of Korea (Lee 1985)
more species list checklist South Korea (incl. Cheju Do Isl.) KOR 99.300 ++2977235322
2977All Species
2353Indigenous Species
2349Indigenous Species except Microspecies
22Endemic Species
22Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.7% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
243 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 8 endemic)
18 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
37 Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic)
545 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic)
86 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1424 Dicotyledons (of them 6 endemic)
4 Microspecies (of them endemic)
624 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Provisional Checklist of Vascular Plants for the Korea Peninsula Flora (KPF) (Chang et al. 2014)

Most recent flora

Coloured flora of Korea (Lee 2003, e vols.); Flora of Korea (C.-W. Park, ed., 8 vols. published); Flora coreana (Im Rok Jae, 1996-2000, 9 vols., complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Illustrated Flora of Korea (Lee 1985)
more species list checklist Japan (incl. Izu Isl., Yakushima Isl., excl. Ryukyu Isl. and Bonin Isl.) JAP 372.769 ++52524810342
5252All Species
4810Indigenous Species
4792Indigenous Species except Microspecies
342Endemic Species
341Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
6.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
641 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 83 endemic)
41 Gymnosperms (of them 17 endemic)
97 Basal Angiosperms (of them 50 endemic)
1109 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 87 endemic)
196 Orchids (of them 8 endemic)
2726 Dicotyledons (of them 97 endemic)
18 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic)
442 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

An Enumeration of the Vascular Plants of Japan (Yonekura 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora of Japan (revised edition, Iwatsuki et al., eds., 4 vols. in 8 parts, 1995-2020, complete)
more species list checklist Ryukyu Isl. (Nansei Shoto) (incl. Osumi Isl., Tokara Isl., Amami Isl., Okinawa Isl., Daito Isl., Sakishima Isl.) NNS 4.700 ++2082183742
2082All Species
1837Indigenous Species
1836Indigenous Species except Microspecies
42Endemic Species
42Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
313 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 10 endemic)
12 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
54 Basal Angiosperms (of them 21 endemic)
403 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic)
131 Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
924 Dicotyledons (of them 4 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
245 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of Okinawa and the Southern Ryukyu Islands (Walker 1976)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of Southern Ryukyu Islands (Garay & Sweet 1974) [incl. checklist of northern Ryukyu Isl.]
more species list checklist Ogasawara Islands (Bonin Isl.) OGA 73 ++48534912
485All Species
349Indigenous Species
349Indigenous Species except Microspecies
12Endemic Species
12Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
70 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 8 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
12 Basal Angiosperms (of them 4 endemic)
80 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
12 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
174 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
136 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A revised list of vascular plants indigenous and introduced to the Bonin (Ogasawara) and the Volcano (Kazan) Islands (Kobayashi & Ono 1987)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Bonin Islands (Toyoda 1981)
more species list checklist Kazan-Retto (Volcano Isl., Iwo-jima) KZN 30 ++2521882
252All Species
188Indigenous Species
188Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2Endemic Species
2Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.8% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
55 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
6 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
47 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
4 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
76 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
64 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A revised list of vascular plants indigenous and introduced to the Bonin (Ogasawara) and the Volcano (Kazan) Islands (Kobayashi & Ono 1987)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Bonin Islands (Toyoda 1981)
more species list checklist Taiwan (incl. Lan Yu Isl.) TAI 36.000 ++55404500201
5540All Species
4500Indigenous Species
4491Indigenous Species except Microspecies
201Endemic Species
201Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
3.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
764 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 86 endemic)
26 Gymnosperms (of them 13 endemic)
119 Basal Angiosperms (of them 47 endemic)
717 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 21 endemic)
428 Orchids (of them 16 endemic)
2446 Dicotyledons (of them 18 endemic)
9 Microspecies (of them endemic)
1040 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of Taiwan (Li et al., eds., 6 vols., 1975-2003); Illustrated Flora of Taiwan (Zhong, 8 vols. in 9 parts, until 2019, complete); Grass Flora of Taiwan (C.-H. Chen et al., 2011-2018, 3 vols.); Flora of China (Zheng-Yi & Raven, eds., 1994-2013, 25 vols., complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Updating Taiwanese pteridophyte checklist (Taiwan Pteridophyte Group 2019); Index to Ferns and Fern Allies of Taiwan (Knapp 2014); Ferns of Taiwan (Ralf Knapp 2010, with supplement 2013); Flora of China, vol. 2/3 (2013); Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Vol. 1-6, 1990 ff.); Flora of Taiwan, Vol. 1 (2nd. ed., 1994); Ferns of Taiwan (Chengmeng 2020, 2 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora of China, Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae) (Xinqi et al.); Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Vol. 17-19, 1999); Flora of Taiwan (Li et al., 1975-79); Native Orchids of Taiwan (Lin 1975-1987, 3 vols.)
TROPICAL ASIA (4)
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT (40)
more species list checklist Pakistan PAK 796.095 +5308471528
5308All Species
4715Indigenous Species
4654Indigenous Species except Microspecies
28Endemic Species
28Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
145 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
23 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
12 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
880 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic)
41 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
3614 Dicotyledons (of them 23 endemic)
61 Microspecies (of them endemic)
593 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir (Stewart 1972)

Most recent flora

Flora of [West] Pakistan (Nasir, ed., 1970-2012, 219 vols., mostly complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

An illustrated fern flora of West Himalaya. Vol. 1-2 (Khullar 1994/2000)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora Iranica, Vol. 126 (Renz 1978) [only northern and western part]; Flora of Pakistan, no. 164 (Renz 1984)
more species list checklist Nepal NEP 147.181 +6237586241
6237All Species
5862Indigenous Species
5837Indigenous Species except Microspecies
41Endemic Species
41Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.7% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
560 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic)
23 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
95 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
913 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic)
388 Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
3883 Dicotyledons (of them 31 endemic)
25 Microspecies (of them endemic)
375 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Nepalese Flowering Plants (3 vols., Rajbhandari et al. 2012, plus supplement 2015); Flora of the Pan-Himalayas: Preliminary Catalogue (Y.-S. Chen et al. 2019)

Most recent flora

Flora of Nepal, Web edition (publication ongoing, Watson et al., ed., 2011); Flora of Nepal (Bista, ed., 1997 ff., few parts published); Handbook of Flowering Plants of Nepal (Vol. 1 of 2, Shrestha et al. 2018); Flora of the Pan-Himalayas (just started, 8 of 50 volumes published)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Fraser-Jenkins et al. (2015-2020): Ferns and Fern-allies of Nepal, Volume 1-3 (complete); Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pterophytes With a Revised Census-List (Fraser-Jenkins 2008); New Species Syndrome in Indian Pteridology and the ferns of Nepal (Fraser-Jenkins 1997); An illustrated fern flora of West Himalaya. Vol. 1-2 (Khullar 1994/2000)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal (Press, Shrestha & Sutton 2001); The Orchids of Nepal Himalaya (Banerji & Pradhan 1984); Orchids of Nepal (Banerji 1978)
more species list checklist Bhutan BHU 47.000 ++4991470915
4991All Species
4709Indigenous Species
4698Indigenous Species except Microspecies
15Endemic Species
15Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
540 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
22 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
105 Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic)
681 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
382 Orchids (of them 3 endemic)
2979 Dicotyledons (of them 7 endemic)
11 Microspecies (of them endemic)
282 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Flora of the Pan-Himalayas: Preliminary Catalogue (Y.-S. Chen et al. 2019)

Most recent flora

Flora of Bhutan (Grierson & Long, eds., 1983-2002, 9 vols., complete); Flora of the Pan-Himalayas (just started, 8 volumes published)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Pteridophytes of Bhutan (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2009); Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pterophytes With a Revised Census-List (Fraser-Jenkins 2008); New Species Syndrome in Indian Pteridology and the ferns of Nepal (Fraser-Jenkins 1997)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora of Bhutan, Vol. 3.3 (Orchidaceae) (2001)
more species list checklist India (incl. Assam, Darjeeling, Sikkim, Chumbi, Jammu & Kashmir, excl. Andaman and Nicobar Isl., excl. Lakshadweep Isl.) IND 3.279.173 +18706169491071
18706All Species
16949Indigenous Species
16776Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1071Endemic Species
1066Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
5.7% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1047 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 67 endemic)
61 Gymnosperms (of them 20 endemic)
474 Basal Angiosperms (of them 231 endemic)
3110 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 280 endemic)
1171 Orchids (of them 36 endemic)
11086 Dicotyledons (of them 437 endemic)
173 Microspecies (of them 5 endemic)
1757 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Flowering Plants of India. An Annotated Checklist (Mao & Dash, 2020, 3 vols., complete); Checklist of the Grasses of India (Kellogg et al. 2020)

Most recent flora

Flora of India (Sharma et al., eds., 1993 ff., 8 of 23 vols. published); Fascicles of Flora of India (1978 ff., 30 vols. published); almost 100 regional floras in India (Botanical Survey of India and others); Flora of the Pan-Himalayas (just started, 8 volumes published); Flora of Eastern Ghats (Pullaiah et al., 2002 ff., 7 vols., complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes, Part I (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2017), Part II (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2018), Part III (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2020); Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pterophytes With a Revised Census-List (Fraser-Jenkins 2008); New Species Syndrome in Indian Pteridology and the ferns of Nepal (Fraser-Jenkins 1997); Illustrated Manual of Ferns of Assam (Borthakur et al. 2000); The Ferns of India: Enumeration, Synonyms and Distribution (Chandra 2000); Fern flora of South India (Nampy & Madhusoodanan 1998); An illustrated fern flora of West Himalaya. Vol. 1-2 (Khullar 1994/2000)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

A catalogue of Indian Orchids (Sathish Kumar & Manilal 1994); Orchid flora of Arunachal Pradesh (Chowdhery 1998); Orchids of India (2nd ed.) (Bose et al. 1999); Orchids of Kumaon Himalaya (Pangtey et al. 1991); Orchids of Meghalaya (Kataki 1986); Orchids of Mussoorie (Raizada et al. 1981); Orchids of Nagaland (Deorani & Naithani 1995); Orchids of Nagaland (Hynniewta et al. 2000); Orchids of Nilgiris (2nd. ed., Joseph 1987); Orchids of Western Ghats (Kumar 1995); Flora of Hassan District Karnataka (Saldanha et al. 1976); The Orchids of Bombay (Santapau & Kapadia 1966); The Orchid Flora of NW-Himalaya (Deva & Naithani 1986); Monocotyledonous Plants of Uttar Pradesh: A Checklist (Uniyal et al. 1999)
more species list checklist Lakshadweep Isl. (Laccadives) LDV 32 +3632060
363All Species
206Indigenous Species
206Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
2 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
4 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
57 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
143 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
157 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Plant Diversity of Lakshadweep Islands (C. S. Reddy & P. S. Roy 2012)
more species list checklist Maldives MDV 298 o3661940
366All Species
194Indigenous Species
194Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
4 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
3 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
56 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
130 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
172 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

List of Addu vascular plants (Fosberg et al. 1966)

Most recent flora

The botany of the Maldive Islands (Willis & Gardiner 1901); Common Plants of Maldives (Sujanapal & Sankaran 2016); Trees and shrubs of the Maldives (Selvam 2007)
more species list checklist Sri Lanka SRL 65.610 ++43053627156
4305All Species
3627Indigenous Species
3625Indigenous Species except Microspecies
156Endemic Species
156Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
3.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
338 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 42 endemic)
2 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
112 Basal Angiosperms (of them 51 endemic)
729 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 35 endemic)
196 Orchids (of them 3 endemic)
2250 Dicotyledons (of them 24 endemic)
2 Microspecies (of them endemic)
678 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon (Dassayanake, ed., 1980-2006, 15 vols. in 16 parts plus Index, complete); Illustrated Field Guide to the Flowers of Sri Lanka (Vlas & Vlas-deJong, 2008-2019, 3 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, vol. 15/1-2 (Shaffer-Fehre, ed., 2006); Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pterophytes With a Revised Census-List (Fraser-Jenkins 2008); An annotated check-list of the Pteridophytes of Ceylon (Sledge 1982)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae, Apostasiaceae (Jayaweera). In: A Revised Handbook of the Flora of Ceylon, Vol. 2 (Dassanayake, ed., 1981)
more species list checklist Bangladesh BAN 147.570 o3897336316
3897All Species
3363Indigenous Species
3363Indigenous Species except Microspecies
16Endemic Species
16Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.4% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
218 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic)
8 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
172 Basal Angiosperms (of them 4 endemic)
734 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 9 endemic)
283 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1948 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
534 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of Bangladesh (Khan, ed., 1975 ff., 63 vols. published); Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh, vols. 5-12 (Ahmed, ed., 2007-2009, complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh, vol. 5 (2007)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora of Bangladesh, vol. ##
INDOCHINA (41)
more species list checklist Andaman Isl. AND 6.496 +2040169721
2040All Species
1697Indigenous Species
1697Indigenous Species except Microspecies
21Endemic Species
21Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
81 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
9 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
93 Basal Angiosperms (of them 14 endemic)
294 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic)
126 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1094 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
343 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Plant Resources of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Checklist, Dagar & Singh 1999); Flowering Plants of India. An Annotated Checklist (Mao & Dash, 2020, 3 vols., complete)

Most recent flora

Flora of Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Hajra et al., eds., 1999 ff., 1 vol. published)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes, Part I (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2017), Part II (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2018); Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pterophytes With a Revised Census-List (Fraser-Jenkins 2008); Pteridophytes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Dixit 2001)
more species list checklist Nicobar Isl. NCB 1.800 +1473121714
1473All Species
1217Indigenous Species
1217Indigenous Species except Microspecies
14Endemic Species
14Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
97 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
7 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
65 Basal Angiosperms (of them 9 endemic)
229 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
58 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
761 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
256 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Plant Resources of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Checklist, Dagar & Singh 1999); Flowering Plants of India. An Annotated Checklist (Mao & Dash, 2020, 3 vols., complete)

Most recent flora

Flora of Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Hajra et al., eds., 1999 ff., 1 vol. published); Flora of Great Nicobar Island (Sinha 1999); Flora of Campbell Bay National Park (Jayanthi 2017)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes, Part I (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2017), Part II (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2018); Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pterophytes With a Revised Census-List (Fraser-Jenkins 2008); Pteridophytes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Dixit 2001); Flora of Great Nicobar Island (Sinha 1999)
more species list checklist Myanmar MYA 676.552 +107019859177
10701All Species
9859Indigenous Species
9854Indigenous Species except Microspecies
177Endemic Species
177Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.7% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
748 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 11 endemic)
39 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
372 Basal Angiosperms (of them 59 endemic)
1458 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 34 endemic)
1019 Orchids (of them 15 endemic)
6223 Dicotyledons (of them 58 endemic)
5 Microspecies (of them endemic)
842 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, and Climbers of Myanmar (Kress et al. 2003); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good])

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

A Contribution Toward the Knowledge of Ferns and Lycophytes from Northern and Northwestern Myanmar (Khine et al. 2017); The ferns of Burma (Dickason 1946)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

An annotated checklist of Myanmar orchid flora (Aung et al. 2020)
more species list checklist Thailand THA 513.115 +1106310609537
11063All Species
10609Indigenous Species
10609Indigenous Species except Microspecies
537Endemic Species
537Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
4.9% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
761 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 32 endemic)
33 Gymnosperms (of them 5 endemic)
466 Basal Angiosperms (of them 147 endemic)
1987 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 182 endemic)
1220 Orchids (of them 25 endemic)
6142 Dicotyledons (of them 146 endemic)
454 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good])

Most recent flora

Flora of Thailand (Smitinand et al., eds., 1981-2021, so far 15 vols. in 45 parts, ca. 70% complete, to be continued)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Lindsay, S. & Middleton, D.J. (2012 onwards). Ferns of Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/thaiferns/; Flora of Thailand, Vol. 3/1-4 (Tagawa & Iwatsuki 1979-1989); Pteridophytes in Thailand (Boonkeerd & Pollawatn 2000)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Contributions to the Orchid Flora of Thailand / Orchid Genera in Thailand, 1-13 (Seidenfaden 1972-1998); A Field Guide to the Wild Orchids of Thailand (Vaddhanaphuti 2001); Flora of Thailand, Vol. 12/1 (Orchidaceae 1) (Pedersen et al. 2011); Flora of Thailand, Vol. 12/2 (Orchidaceae 2) (Pedersen et al. 2014)
more species list checklist Laos LAO 236.800 +5737541056
5737All Species
5410Indigenous Species
5410Indigenous Species except Microspecies
56Endemic Species
56Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
306 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic)
35 Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic)
222 Basal Angiosperms (of them 10 endemic)
881 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 31 endemic)
527 Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
3439 Dicotyledons (of them 8 endemic)
327 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A Checklist of Plants in Lao PDR (Jin et al. 2016 [data quality not very good]); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good])

Most recent flora

Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam (Leroy, ed., 1960-2018, 36 vols. published, incomplete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Lindsay, S. & Middleton, D.J. (2012 onwards). Ferns of Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/thaiferns/; Fougeres (de la Flore Generale de l'Indochine) (Tardieu-Blot & Christensen 1939-1951)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Orchids of Indochina (Seidenfaden 1992)
more species list checklist Cambodia CBD 181.035 +4368404118
4368All Species
4041Indigenous Species
4041Indigenous Species except Microspecies
18Endemic Species
18Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.4% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
209 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
13 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
170 Basal Angiosperms (of them 13 endemic)
687 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
297 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2665 Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic)
327 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A Checklist for the Seed Plants of Cambodia (Cho et al. 2016); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good])

Most recent flora

Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam (Leroy, ed., 1960-2018, 36 vols. published, incomplete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Lindsay, S. & Middleton, D.J. (2012 onwards). Ferns of Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/thaiferns/; Fougeres (de la Flore Generale de l'Indochine) (Tardieu-Blot & Christensen 1939-1951)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Orchids of Indochina (Seidenfaden 1992)
more species list checklist Vietnam VIE 331.690 +1187211141673
11872All Species
11141Indigenous Species
11137Indigenous Species except Microspecies
673Endemic Species
673Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
5.7% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
896 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 67 endemic)
67 Gymnosperms (of them 19 endemic)
617 Basal Angiosperms (of them 182 endemic)
1584 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 139 endemic)
1108 Orchids (of them 48 endemic)
6869 Dicotyledons (of them 218 endemic)
4 Microspecies (of them endemic)
731 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good])

Most recent flora

Câyco Viêtnam (Pham Hoàng Hô, 1991-1993, 3 vols. in 6 parts, complete); Flora of Vietnam (2000 ff., so far 10 families published), Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam (Leroy, ed., 1960-2018, 36 vols. published, incomplete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Fougeres (de la Flore Generale de l'Indochine) (Tardieu-Blot & Christensen 1939-1951); Cay Co Vietnam (An Illustrated Flora of Vietnam), vol. 1 (Pham-Hoang Ho (1991)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Orchids of Indochina (Seidenfaden 1992); Identification Guide to Vietnamese Orchids (Averyanov 1994); Preliminary List of the Vietnamese Orchids, Vol. 1-2 (Averyanov 1988); Updated Checklist of the Orchids of Vietnam (Averyanov & Averyanova 2004)
MALESIA (42)
more species list checklist peninsular Malaysia (incl. Langkawi Isl.) MLY 132.246 +92238931528
9223All Species
8931Indigenous Species
8931Indigenous Species except Microspecies
528Endemic Species
528Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
5.7% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
696 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 48 endemic)
31 Gymnosperms (of them 6 endemic)
640 Basal Angiosperms (of them 191 endemic)
1359 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 93 endemic)
935 Orchids (of them 24 endemic)
5270 Dicotyledons (of them 166 endemic)
292 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A catalogue of the vascular plants of Malaya (Turner 1995 publ. 1997); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good])

Most recent flora

Flora of peninsular Malaysia (Parris, Kiew, eds., 2010-2021, 11 vols. published, to be continued); Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of Peninsular Malaysia, Series I: Ferns and Lycophytes, Vol. 1 (2010), 2 (2013), 3 (2020); Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-4 (to be continued)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of peninsular Malaysia and Singapore (Seidenfaden & Wood 1992)
more species list checklist Singapore SNG 710 ++263621884
2636All Species
2188Indigenous Species
2188Indigenous Species except Microspecies
4Endemic Species
4Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
172 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
8 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
180 Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic)
320 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
224 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1284 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
448 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A checklist of the total vascular plant flora of Singapore (Chong et al. 2009)

Most recent flora

The concise flora of Singapore (Keng, 2 vols., 1990, 1998); Flora of Singapore (Middleton et al., eds., 2019 ff., 3 vols. published), Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of Peninsular Malaysia, Series I: Ferns and Lycophytes, Vol. 1 (2010), 2 (2013), 3 (2020); Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-4 (to be continued); A Guide to the Ferns of Singapore (Wee 1987)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of peninsular Malaysia and Singapore (Seidenfaden & Wood 1992); A Guide to the Orchids of Singapore (Tan & Sin 1995)
more species list checklist Sumatera (incl. Mentawai, Enggano, Nias, Simeulue, Lingga Arch., Krakatau, Bangka, Belitung, Batu) SUM 425.150 o75127381499
7512All Species
7381Indigenous Species
7380Indigenous Species except Microspecies
499Endemic Species
499Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
6.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
748 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 140 endemic)
35 Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic)
442 Basal Angiosperms (of them 126 endemic)
916 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 97 endemic)
1164 Orchids (of them 66 endemic)
4076 Dicotyledons (of them 68 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
131 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good])

Most recent flora

Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-4 (to be continued)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of Sumatra (Comber 2001)
more species list checklist South China Sea Isl. SCS 2 o85640
85All Species
64Indigenous Species
64Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
6 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
3 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
35 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
19 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
21 Neophytes or Culture Escapes
more species list checklist Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, Kalimantan, incl. Natuna Isl., Riouw Arch., excl. Brunei) BOR 743.384 o12447122521781
12447All Species
12252Indigenous Species
12251Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1781Endemic Species
1781Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
14.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1088 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 272 endemic)
56 Gymnosperms (of them 18 endemic)
773 Basal Angiosperms (of them 287 endemic)
1697 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 486 endemic)
1705 Orchids (of them 210 endemic)
6933 Dicotyledons (of them 508 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
195 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Enumeratio Phanerogamarum Bornearum (Masamune 1942, 1945); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good])

Most recent flora

Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far); The plants of Mount Kinabalu (1992-2004, 5 vols. published); Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak (Soepadmo & Wong, eds., 1995-2007, 6 vols. published)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-4 (to be continued); The Plants of Mt. Kinabalu, vol. 1 (Ferns and Fern Allies) (Parris et al. 1992)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

A Checklist of the Orchids of Borneo (Wood & Cribb 1994); Orchids of Borneo, Vol. 1 (Chan et al. 1994); Orchids of Borneo, Vol. 2 (Vermeulen 1991); Orchids of Borneo, Vol. 3 (Wood 1997); Orchids of Borneo, Vol. 4 (Wood 2003); Bulbophyllum of Borneo (Vermeulen, O'Byrne & Lamb 2015)
more species list checklist Brunei BRN 5.765 +2519248122
2519All Species
2481Indigenous Species
2481Indigenous Species except Microspecies
22Endemic Species
22Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.9% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
34 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic)
9 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
285 Basal Angiosperms (of them 5 endemic)
166 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 13 endemic)
221 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1766 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
38 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A Checklist of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Brunei Darussalam (Wong & Dransfield, ed., 1996)

Most recent flora

Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-4 (to be continued); The Plants of Mt. Kinabalu, vol. 1 (Ferns and Fern Allies) (Parris et al. 1992)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae (Wood). In: A Checklist of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Brunei Darussalam (Wong & Dransfield, ed., 1996)
more species list checklist Sulawesi (Celebes) (incl. Selayar, Banggai, Sangihe, Kabaena) SUL 189.070 o50724887252
5072All Species
4887Indigenous Species
4886Indigenous Species except Microspecies
252Endemic Species
252Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
782 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 89 endemic)
30 Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic)
215 Basal Angiosperms (of them 59 endemic)
649 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 43 endemic)
665 Orchids (of them 30 endemic)
2546 Dicotyledons (of them 29 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
185 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of woody plants of Sulawesi, Indonesia (Keßler et al. 2002); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good])

Most recent flora

Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-4 (to be continued); Hovenkamp, P. (2013 onwards): Ferns of Sulawesi - Checklist. sulawesiferns.myspecies.info

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of Sulawesi and Maluku: a preliminary Catalogue (Thomas & Schuiteman 2002)
more species list checklist Palawan (incl. Busuanga, Culion) PLW 14.649 o1525151229
1525All Species
1512Indigenous Species
1512Indigenous Species except Microspecies
29Endemic Species
29Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.9% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
233 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic)
9 Gymnosperms (of them 4 endemic)
79 Basal Angiosperms (of them 11 endemic)
216 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 7 endemic)
26 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
949 Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic)
13 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Co's digital flora of the Philippines (www.philippineplants.org)

Most recent flora

Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-4 (to be continued); Checklist by J. F. Barcelona (pers. comm.)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidiana Philippiniana (Valmayor 1984); The Orchids of the Philippines (Cootes 2001) (contains checklist)
more species list checklist Philippines (excl. Palawan, Sulu Arch.) PHI 325.000 +955088491000
9550All Species
8849Indigenous Species
8849Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1000Endemic Species
1000Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
10.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1038 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 250 endemic)
37 Gymnosperms (of them 10 endemic)
398 Basal Angiosperms (of them 229 endemic)
1051 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 77 endemic)
1193 Orchids (of them 114 endemic)
5132 Dicotyledons (of them 320 endemic)
701 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Co's digital flora of the Philippines (www.philippineplants.org)

Most recent flora

Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-4 (to be continued); Pelser, P.B., J.F. Barcelona & D.L. Nickrent (eds.). 2011 onwards. Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines (www.philippineplants.org); Guide to Philippine Flora and Fauna, Vol. 2 (Zamora & Co 1986)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidiana Philippiniana (Valmayor 1984); The Orchids of the Philippines (Cootes 2001) (contains checklist)
more species list checklist Jawa (incl. Madura Isl., Kangean Arch., Bawean) JAW 130.520 o68485527170
6848All Species
5527Indigenous Species
5526Indigenous Species except Microspecies
170Endemic Species
170Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
552 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 50 endemic)
13 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
263 Basal Angiosperms (of them 65 endemic)
797 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 16 endemic)
787 Orchids (of them 15 endemic)
3115 Dicotyledons (of them 24 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
1321 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good])

Most recent flora

Flora of Java (Backer & van den Brink, 1963-1968, outdated); Mountain Flora of Java (van Steenis 1972); Flora Malesiana (about 40% published so far)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-4 (to be continued)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of Java (Comber 1991)
more species list checklist Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Timor, Alor, Wetar) [incl. East Timor] LSI 80.000 o3595323146
3595All Species
3231Indigenous Species
3231Indigenous Species except Microspecies
46Endemic Species
46Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
373 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 12 endemic)
17 Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic)
117 Basal Angiosperms (of them 17 endemic)
519 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic)
307 Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
1898 Dicotyledons (of them 10 endemic)
364 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Flora of Bali - a provisional checklist (van Balgooy et al. 2014) [not seen nor included]

Most recent flora

Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-4 (to be continued); The Ferns of the Lesser Sunda Islands (Posthumus 1944); On the Ferns of Sumba (Posthumus 1930); A preliminary Study on Pteridophytes of Lombok: List of the Species (Wardani & Jaenudin 2013)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of Timor: checklist (Silveira et al. 2008); Flora of Bali - a provisional checklist (van Balgooy et al. 2014 [not seen nor included]); Orchids of Sulawesi and Maluku: a preliminary Catalogue (Thomas & Schuiteman 2002)
more species list checklist Moluccas [Maluku] (Tanimbar, Kei, Aru, Banda, Ambon, Seram, Buru, Obi, Bacan, Halmaheira, Ternate, Tidore, Morotai, Talaud, Sulu Arch.) MOL 74.500 o40353891174
4035All Species
3891Indigenous Species
3891Indigenous Species except Microspecies
174Endemic Species
174Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
4.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
692 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 94 endemic)
29 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
205 Basal Angiosperms (of them 47 endemic)
489 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 10 endemic)
453 Orchids (of them 10 endemic)
2023 Dicotyledons (of them 13 endemic)
144 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good])

Most recent flora

Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-4 (to be continued); Taxonomic Studies of Pteridophytes of Ambon and Seram (Moluccas) (in 12 parts) (Kato 1988-2007)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of Sulawesi and Maluku: a preliminary Catalogue (Thomas & Schuiteman 2002)
more species list checklist Cocos (Keeling) Islands CKI 14 ++131750
131All Species
75Indigenous Species
75Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
21 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
52 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
56 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2) (1993)
more species list checklist Christmas Isl. (Austr.) XMS 135 ++3802132
380All Species
213Indigenous Species
213Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2Endemic Species
2Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
27 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
8 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
27 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
13 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
137 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
167 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2) (1993)
PAPUASIA (43)
more species list checklist New Guinea (Irian Jaya and Papua New Guinea, incl. d'Entrecasteaux Isl., Goodenough Isl., Louisiade Arch., Rennell, Yapen [Japen], Biak, Waigeo etc.) NWG 800.000 +13857134683101
13857All Species
13468Indigenous Species
13467Indigenous Species except Microspecies
3101Endemic Species
3101Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
22.4% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1349 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 577 endemic)
54 Gymnosperms (of them 20 endemic)
724 Basal Angiosperms (of them 578 endemic)
1633 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 266 endemic)
2850 Orchids (of them 922 endemic)
6858 Dicotyledons (of them 738 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
389 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

New Guinea has the world's richest island flora (Cámara-Leret et al. 2020) [detailed checklist]

Most recent flora

Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far), Handbooks of the flora of Papua New Guinea (3 vols. published, outdated)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-4 (to be continued); The ferns and fern-allies of Papua New Guinea (Johns & Bellamy, 1979 ff., in 12 parts); A Checklist of the Fern Allies, Ferns and Gymnosperms of the N. E. Kepala Burung (Vogelkop), Irian Jaya, Indonesia (Edwards, Johns & Kowalska 2012)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Checklist of Papuasian Orchids (Ormerod 2017); A. Schuiteman & Ed de Vogel (2001-2010, CD-ROM): Flora Malesiana: Orchids of New Guinea: illustrated checklist and genera. Part 1: Checklist and genera (2001). Part 2: Genus Dendrobium and allied genera (2002). Part 3: Genera Acanthephippium to Hymenorchis (2005). Part 4: Genera Kuhlhasseltia to Ophioglossella (2006). Part 5: Genera Pachystoma to Zeuxine (2008). Part 6: Genus Bulbophyllum (2010).
more species list checklist Bismarck Arch. (New Britain, New Ireland, New Hanover, Admiralty Isl., Manus Isl., Umboi Isl.) BIS 48.500 -1632160540
1632All Species
1605Indigenous Species
1605Indigenous Species except Microspecies
40Endemic Species
40Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
361 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 17 endemic)
16 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
69 Basal Angiosperms (of them 13 endemic)
192 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 7 endemic)
279 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
688 Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic)
27 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far); Flora of the Bismarck Archipelago for naturalists (Peekel 1947, reprint 1985, very incomplete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-4 (to be continued)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Checklist of Papuasian Orchids (Ormerod 2017); A. Schuiteman & Ed de Vogel (2001-2010, CD-ROM): Flora Malesiana: Orchids of New Guinea: illustrated checklist and genera. Part 1: Checklist and genera (2001). Part 2: Genus Dendrobium and allied genera (2002). Part 3: Genera Acanthephippium to Hymenorchis (2005). Part 4: Genera Kuhlhasseltia to Ophioglossella (2006). Part 5: Genera Pachystoma to Zeuxine (2008). Part 6: Genus Bulbophyllum (2010).
more species list checklist Solomon Isl. (incl. Bougainville, excl. Santa Cruz Isl.) SOL 35.926 o2040198699
2040All Species
1986Indigenous Species
1986Indigenous Species except Microspecies
99Endemic Species
99Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
4.9% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
456 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 52 endemic)
16 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
103 Basal Angiosperms (of them 35 endemic)
223 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic)
340 Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
848 Dicotyledons (of them 5 endemic)
54 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Sol Amazing! (Lycophytes and Ferns of the Solomon Islands) (Chen et al. 2017)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of the Solomon Islands and Bougainville (Lewis & Cribb 1991)
AUSTRALASIA (5)
AUSTRALIA (50)
more species list checklist Australia (incl. Tasmania, excl. other islands) AUS 7.690.849 +(+)236392144912052
23639All Species
21449Indigenous Species
21426Indigenous Species except Microspecies
12052Endemic Species
12052Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
51% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
458 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 168 endemic)
114 Gymnosperms (of them 109 endemic)
300 Basal Angiosperms (of them 244 endemic)
2925 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 921 endemic)
1517 Orchids (of them 1099 endemic)
16135 Dicotyledons (of them 9511 endemic)
23 Microspecies (of them endemic)
2190 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Census of Australian Vascular Plants (Hnatiuk 1990); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good])

Most recent flora

Flora of Australia (1982 ff., 29 vols. published, about 60% complete, the rest will be published online as e-flora); Flora of Victoria (1993-1999, 4 vols., complete); Flora of New South Wales (2000-2002, 2 vols. published); Flora of the Darwin region (Dunlop et al., 1995, 59 families published); Floodplain Flora (Cowie et al., eds., about 30 families published); Flora of South Eastern Queensland (1983-1989, 3 vols.); Flora of South Australia (5th ed., 2011 ff., published in familiy accounts online); The Student's Flora of Tasmania (2nd ed., 1993-1994, 5 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of Australia, Volume 48 (1998); Flora of South Australia (Jessop & Toelken 1986); The Ferns of Tasmania (Garrett 1997); Ferns and Allied Plants of Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia (Duncan & Isaac 1994); Flora of Victoria, Vol. 2 (Walsh & Entwistle, ed., 1994)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Catalogue of Australian Orchidaceae (Clements 1989); Native Orchids of Australia (Jones 1987); A Complete Guide to Native Orchids of Australia (Jones 2006); Field Guide to the Orchids of New South Wales and Victoria (Bishop 1996); Flora of South Australia, pt. I (Black 1960); Orchids of South Australia (Bates & Weber 1990); Contributions to Tasmanian Orchidology (Jones 1998); The Orchids of Tasmania (Jones et al. 1999); Field Guide to the Orchids of New South Wales and Victoria (Bishop 1996); The Orchids of Victoria (Backhouse & Jeanes 1995); Orchids of Western Australia (Dixon et al. 1989); Orchids of SW-Australia (3rd ed.) (Hoffmann & Brown 2001)
more species list checklist Ashmore Reef & Cartier Isl. ASH 1 ++17160
17All Species
16Indigenous Species
16Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
2 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
13 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
1 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of Australia 49 (Oceanic Islands 1) (1994)
more species list checklist Lord Howe Isl. LHI 154 ++50228324
502All Species
283Indigenous Species
283Indigenous Species except Microspecies
24Endemic Species
24Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
4.8% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
60 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 21 endemic)
7 Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic)
57 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
12 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
147 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
219 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2) (1993)
more species list checklist Norfolk Isl. (incl. Philip Isl.) NFK 39 ++4541979
454All Species
197Indigenous Species
197Indigenous Species except Microspecies
9Endemic Species
9Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
49 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 8 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
4 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
36 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
10 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
97 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
257 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2) (1993)
NEW ZEALAND (51)
more species list checklist New Zealand (incl. Stewart Isl., Three Kings Isl., Snares Isl., excl. remote islands) NZL 270.000 ++40042261284
4004All Species
2261Indigenous Species
2241Indigenous Species except Microspecies
284Endemic Species
284Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
7.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
193 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 34 endemic)
19 Gymnosperms (of them 19 endemic)
20 Basal Angiosperms (of them 15 endemic)
469 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 32 endemic)
121 Orchids (of them 6 endemic)
1439 Dicotyledons (of them 178 endemic)
20 Microspecies (of them endemic)
1743 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the New Zealand Flora - Seed Plants (Schönberger et al. 2018)

Most recent flora

Flora of New Zealand (1961-2000, 5 vols., complete); The flora of the Snares Islands, New Zealand (Fineran 1969); Flora of New Zealand [eFloraNZ] (2014 ff., 7 + 17 vols. published, http://www.nzflora.info/publications.html)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of New Zealand - Lycophytes [eFloraNZ] (2014-2021, 17 vols. published, http://www.nzflora.info/publications.html); New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants (Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth 1989); A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species (Brownsey, Given & Lovis 1985)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Nature Guide to New Zealands Native Orchids (St. George 1999)
more species list checklist Kermadec Isl. KER 36 ++1471063
147All Species
106Indigenous Species
106Indigenous Species except Microspecies
3Endemic Species
3Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
41 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic)
1 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
23 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
3 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
38 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
41 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Kermadec Islands Flora: An annotated checklist (Sykes 1977); New records and other information on the vascular flora of the Kermadec Islands (Sykes & West 1996); Checklist of the New Zealand Flora - Seed Plants (Schönberger et al. 2018)

Most recent flora

Flora of New Zealand (1961-2000, 5 vols., complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of New Zealand: Ferns and Lycophytes (Brownsey & Perrie, 2014, 2015) - various volumes; New records and other information on the vascular flora of the Kermadec Islands (Sykes & West 1996); A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species (Brownsey, Given & Lovis 1985); New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants (Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth 1989)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Nature Guide to New Zealands Native Orchids (St. George 1999)
more species list checklist Chatham Isl. CTM 963 ++8114232
811All Species
423Indigenous Species
421Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2Endemic Species
2Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
103 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
1 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
97 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
34 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
188 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
2 Microspecies (of them endemic)
388 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of vascular plants recorded from Chatham Islands (De Lange et al. 2011); Checklist of the New Zealand Flora - Seed Plants (Schönberger et al. 2018)

Most recent flora

Flora of New Zealand (1961-2000, 5 vols., complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of New Zealand: Ferns and Lycophytes (Brownsey & Perrie, 2014, 2015) - various volumes; New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants (Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth 1989); A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species (Brownsey et al. 1985)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Nature Guide to New Zealands Native Orchids (St. George 1999)
more species list checklist Antipodes Isl. ATP 60 ++66660
66All Species
66Indigenous Species
66Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
21 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
16 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
27 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the New Zealand Flora - Seed Plants (Schönberger et al. 2018)

Most recent flora

Flora of New Zealand (1961-2000, 5 vols., complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of New Zealand: Ferns and Lycophytes (Brownsey & Perrie, 2014, 2015) - various volumes; New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants (Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth 1989); A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species (Brownsey, Given & Lovis 1985)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Nature Guide to New Zealands Native Orchids (St. George 1999)
more species list checklist Auckland Isl. AUC 551 ++2491761
249All Species
176Indigenous Species
176Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.4% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
42 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
49 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
8 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
77 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
73 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the New Zealand Flora - Seed Plants (Schönberger et al. 2018)

Most recent flora

Flora of New Zealand (1961-2000, 5 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of New Zealand: Ferns and Lycophytes (Brownsey & Perrie, 2014, 2015) - various volumes; New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants (Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth 1989); A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species (Brownsey, Given & Lovis 1985)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Nature Guide to New Zealands Native Orchids (St. George 1999)
PACIFIC (6)
SOUTH WEST PACIFIC (60)
more species list checklist Santa Cruz Isl. (Vanikoro, etc.) SCZ 815 -1511497
151All Species
149Indigenous Species
149Indigenous Species except Microspecies
7Endemic Species
7Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
4.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
46 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 6 endemic)
2 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
3 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
7 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
31 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
60 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
2 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Sol Amazing! (Lycophytes and Ferns of the Solomon Islands) (Chen et al. 2017)
more species list checklist New Caledonia (incl. Ile des Pins, Loyalty Isl., Ile Art) NWC 19.058 o39203388537
3920All Species
3388Indigenous Species
3388Indigenous Species except Microspecies
537Endemic Species
537Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
13.7% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
293 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 107 endemic)
48 Gymnosperms (of them 46 endemic)
111 Basal Angiosperms (of them 100 endemic)
319 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 15 endemic)
217 Orchids (of them 15 endemic)
2400 Dicotyledons (of them 254 endemic)
532 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

www.endemia.nc

Most recent flora

Flore de la Nouvelle-Caledonie (1967-2021, 27 vols. published [approx. 45%], to be continued); Flore Ornementale de Nouvelle-Calédonie (Gatéble & Neaoutyine 2016)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flore de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances, Vol. 3 (Brownlie 1969)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flore de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances, Vol. 8 (Hallé 1977); Orchidees Indigenes de Nouvelle-Caledonie (Société Néo-Caledonienne d’Orchidophilie 1995); Checklist of New Caledonian Orchidaceae (Clements & Jones 1999, in Orchadian 13)
more species list checklist Vanuatu VAN 12.190 o1164108328
1164All Species
1083Indigenous Species
1083Indigenous Species except Microspecies
28Endemic Species
28Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2.4% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
336 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 14 endemic)
9 Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic)
37 Basal Angiosperms (of them 11 endemic)
125 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
204 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
372 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
81 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the Vanuatu National Herbarium (PVNH) (Chanel et al. 2017)

Most recent flora

Remarkable Plants of Vanuatu (Ramon et al. 2015, field guide); A Guide to the Common Trees of Vanuatu (Wheatley 1992); Orchids of Vanuatu (Lewis & Critt 1989)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of Vanuatu (Lewis & Cribb 1989)
more species list checklist Rotuma Isl. ROT 43 +4902231
490All Species
223Indigenous Species
223Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
32 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
11 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
39 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
4 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
137 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
267 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A Preliminary Checklist of the Flora of Rotuma with Rotuman Names (McClatchley et al. 2000)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Ferns of Rotuma Island, a Descriptive Manual (St. John 1954)
more species list checklist Tonga TON 750 o7815275
781All Species
527Indigenous Species
527Indigenous Species except Microspecies
5Endemic Species
5Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
91 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
2 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
20 Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic)
68 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
45 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
301 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
254 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Plants of Tonga (Yuncker 1959); The vegetation of Late, Tonga (Sykes 1981); Rain forest vegetation of 'Eua Island (Drake et al. 1996); The rare plants of Tonga (Whistler 2011)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

The Pteridophytes of 'Eua, Southern Tonga (Sykes 1978); New or noteworthy ferns from the Tongan Islands (Iwatsuki 1963)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Orchids of Tonga, Niue and the Cook Isl. (Cribb & Whistler 2011)
more species list checklist Niue Isl. NUE 264 o5652171
565All Species
217Indigenous Species
217Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
26 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
7 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
29 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
19 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
135 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
348 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

The flora of Niue Island (Yuncker 1943, outdated); Contributions to the flora of Niue (Sykes 1970)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Orchids of Tonga, Niue and the Cook Isl. (Cribb & Whistler 2011)
more species list checklist Fiji FIJ 18.376 ++25181697148
2518All Species
1697Indigenous Species
1697Indigenous Species except Microspecies
148Endemic Species
148Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
5.9% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
311 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 47 endemic)
10 Gymnosperms (of them 4 endemic)
100 Basal Angiosperms (of them 76 endemic)
144 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
175 Orchids (of them 3 endemic)
957 Dicotyledons (of them 16 endemic)
821 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora Vitiensis nova (A.C. Smith, 1971-1996, 5 vols. + Index, complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

The pteridophyte flora of Fiji (Brownlie 1977); A revised Checklist of Fijian ferns and lycophytes (Brownsey & Perrie 2011)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora vitiensis nova, Vol. 5 (Kores 1991)
more species list checklist Wallis & Futuna WAL 177 +1621571
162All Species
157Indigenous Species
157Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
31 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
8 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
10 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
26 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
82 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
5 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

The vascular plants of the Horne and Wallis Islands (St. John & Smith 1971)

Most recent flora

Contribution a la Connaissance de la Vegetation et de la Flore de Wallis et Futuna (Morat & Veillon 1985); Guide des Plants de Wallis et Futuna (Meyer 2018)
more species list checklist American Samoa ASA 197 o6825550
682All Species
555Indigenous Species
555Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
153 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
22 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
60 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
69 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
251 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
127 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flowering Plants of Samoa (Christopherson 1935/1938); A study of the rare plants of American Samoa (Whistler 1998); Vegetation of Eastern Samoa (Whistler 1980); Plants of the Manua Islands (Yuncker 1945); The Rare Plants of Samoa (Whistler 2011)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

A revision of the Pteridophyta of Samoa (Christensen 1943)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of Samoa (Cribb & Whistler 1996)
more species list checklist [Western] Samoa SAM 2.831 o100285938
1002All Species
859Indigenous Species
859Indigenous Species except Microspecies
38Endemic Species
38Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
3.8% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
229 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 20 endemic)
37 Basal Angiosperms (of them 14 endemic)
86 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
111 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
396 Dicotyledons (of them 4 endemic)
143 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flowering Plants of Samoa (Christopherson 1935/1938); Vegetation and Flora of the Aleipata Islands, Western Samoa (Whistler 1983); Plants of the Manua Islands (Yuncker 1945); The Rare Plants of Samoa (Whistler 2011)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

A revision of the Pteridophyta of Samoa (Christensen 1943)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of Samoa (Cribb & Whistler 1996)
more species list checklist Tuvalu (Ellice Isl.) TUV 26 +164600
164All Species
60Indigenous Species
60Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
6 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
14 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
38 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
104 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

The Flora of Tuvalu (Thaman 2016); Vegetation and Flora of Nui Atoll, Tuvalu (Woodroffe 1985)
more species list checklist Tokelau Isl. (incl. Swains Isl.) TOK 14 +106550
106All Species
55Indigenous Species
55Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
9 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
15 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
29 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
51 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

The vegetation of the Tokelau Islands with special reference to the plants of Nukunonu Atoll (Parham 1971); The Flora and Vegetation of Swains Island (Whistler 1983)
more species list checklist Phoenix Islands (Kiribati p. p.) PHX 42 +85420
85All Species
42Indigenous Species
42Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
13 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
28 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
43 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of the Phoenix Islands, Central Pacific (Fosberg & Stoddart 1994)
more species list checklist Gilbert Islands (Kiribati p. p.) GIL 311 +215980
215All Species
98Indigenous Species
98Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
4 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
29 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
62 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
117 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Flora of the Gilbert Islands, Kiribati, checklist (Fosberg & Sachet 1987); Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae (Fosberg et al. 1982); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae (Fosberg); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae (Fosberg)

Most recent flora

Vegetation of Nauru and the Gilbert Islands (Thaman 1992)
more species list checklist Banaba (Ocean Isl., Kiribati p. p.) OCE 6 +72300
72All Species
30Indigenous Species
30Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
6 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
1 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
8 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
15 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
42 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Vascular Plants, Vegetation and Ethnobotany of Banaba (Ocean Islands) (Thaman & Samuelu 2016)
more species list checklist Nauru NRU 21 ++129500
129All Species
50Indigenous Species
50Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
3 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
1 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
12 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
34 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
79 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Vegetation of Nauru and the Gilbert Islands (Thaman 1992); The Flora of Nauru (Thaman et al. 1994)
more species list checklist Pacific Equatorial Sporades (incl. Howland Isl., Baker Isl.) HBI 5 o110
1All Species
1Indigenous Species
1Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
SOUTH CENTRAL PACIFIC (61)
more species list checklist Line Isl. (Kiribati p. p., incl. Christmas Isl. = Kiritimati) LIN 757 +183590
183All Species
59Indigenous Species
59Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
4 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
3 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
13 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
39 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
124 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the vascular plants of the northern Line Islands (Wester 1985)

Most recent flora

Notes on the vascular flora and terrestrial vertebrates of Caroline Atoll, Southern Line Islands (Clapp & Sibley 1971); Vegetation History of Washington Island (Teraina), Northern Line Islands (Wester et al. 1992); Plants of Christmas Island (Chock & Hamilton 1962); Flora of Kiritimati (Christmas) Atoll, Northern Line Islands (Thaman & Tye 2015)
more species list checklist Cook Isl. (incl. Rarotonga) COO 230 ++8633347
863All Species
334Indigenous Species
334Indigenous Species except Microspecies
7Endemic Species
7Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.8% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
105 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 6 endemic)
11 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
48 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
14 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
156 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
529 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of the Cook Islands (Sykes 2016)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Orchids of Tonga, Niue and the Cook Isl. (Cribb & Whistler 2011)
more species list checklist Marquesas Isl. MRQ 1.020 ++56934338
569All Species
343Indigenous Species
343Indigenous Species except Microspecies
38Endemic Species
38Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
6.7% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
103 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 29 endemic)
11 Basal Angiosperms (of them 7 endemic)
42 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
4 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
183 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
226 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/marquesasflora/

Most recent flora

Flora of the Marquesas (Lorence & Wagner 2019/2020, complete in 2 vols.); Guide floristique - Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka, Ua Pou (Butaud 2014); Guide floristique - Niva Oa, Tahuata, Fatuiva (Butaud 2014)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of the Marquesas (Lorence & Wagner 2019), vol. 1

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora of the Marquesas (Lorence & Wagner 2019), vol. 1
more species list checklist Society Isl. (Tahiti, Moorea, Raiatea, Huahine, Bora Bora, Makatea, etc.) SCI 1.628 ++124965465
1249All Species
654Indigenous Species
653Indigenous Species except Microspecies
65Endemic Species
65Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
5.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
203 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 51 endemic)
20 Basal Angiosperms (of them 8 endemic)
65 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
36 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
330 Dicotyledons (of them 4 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
595 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora Societensis (Welsh 1998); Botanique de l'ile de Tupai (Sachet 1983); Flora of Makatea (Wilder 1934); Flore de la Polynesie Francaise (Florence 1997, 2004, incomplete); Partial Flora of the Society Islands: Ericaceae to Apocynaceae (Grant & Fosberg 1974)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Pteridophytes of Society Islands (Copeland 1931)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora Societensis (Welsh 1998)
more species list checklist Gambier Isl. (incl. Mangareva Isl.) GBI 450 +92530
92All Species
53Indigenous Species
53Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
9 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
7 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
35 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
39 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Census of the flora of the Gambier Islands, Polynesia (St. John 1988)

Most recent flora

La vegetation des iles Gambier (Huguenin 1974); Chock & Hamilton (1962); Flora of Southestern Polynesia (E. D. & F. B. H. Brown 1930-1931, 3 vols.); Flore de la Polynesie Francaise (Florence 1997, 2004, incomplete); Gambier - Guide floristique (Butaud 2013)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of Southestern Polynesia, II. Pteridophytes (Brown & Brown 1932)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora of Southeastern Polynesia, I. Monocotyledons (F. B. H. Brown 1931)
more species list checklist Tuamotu Arch. (excl. Gambier Isl.) TUA 450 +3151390
315All Species
139Indigenous Species
139Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
9 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
4 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
27 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
3 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
96 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
176 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of Southestern Polynesia (E. D. & F. B. H. Brown 1930-1931, 3 vols.); Flora of Maupiti (Fosberg & Sachet 19??); Flore de la Polynesie Francaise (Florence 1997, 2004, incomplete); Guide floristique - Atolls soulevés des Tuamotu (Polynésie francaise) Butaud & Jacq 2009); Tuamotu de l'ouest - Guide floristique (Butaud 2013); Tuamotu du centre - Guide floristique (Butaud 2010); Tuamotu de l'est - Guide Floristique (Butaud 2009)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of Southestern Polynesia, II. Pteridophytes (Brown & Brown 1931)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora of Southeastern Polynesia, I. Monocotyledons (F. B. H. Brown 1931)
more species list checklist Austral Isl. (Rimatara, Rurutu, Tubuai, Raivavae, Rapa Iti) AUI 148 +60436225
604All Species
362Indigenous Species
362Indigenous Species except Microspecies
25Endemic Species
25Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
4.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
99 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 24 endemic)
9 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
54 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
11 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
189 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
242 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Les Orchidees du Tubuai, suives d'un catalogue des plantes a fleurs et fougeres des Iles Australes (Hallé 1980)

Most recent flora

Flora of Southestern Polynesia (E. D. & F. B. H. Brown 1930-1931, 3 vols.); Flore de la Polynesie Francaise (Florence 1997, 2004, incomplete); Guide floristique - Rimatara, Rurutu, Tubuai, Raivavae (Australes) (Butaud 2014); Rapa, iles australis - Guide floristique (Meyer 2011); Terrestrial biodiversity of the Austral Islands (Meyer & Claridge 2014)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of Southestern Polynesia, II. Pteridophytes (Brown & Brown 1931)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Les orchidees de Tubuai (Hallé 1980); Flora of Southeastern Polynesia, I. Monocotyledons (F. B. H. Brown 1931)
more species list checklist Pitcairn Isl. (incl. Oeno Atoll) PIT 6 +166863
166All Species
86Indigenous Species
86Indigenous Species except Microspecies
3Endemic Species
3Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.8% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
27 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic)
4 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
3 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
51 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
80 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

An account of the flora of Pitcairn Island (St. John 1987); List of the flora of Oeno Atoll (St. John & Philipson 1960)

Most recent flora

Flora of Southestern Polynesia (E. D. & F. B. H. Brown 1930-1931, 3 vols.); Flore de la Polynesie Francaise (Florence 1997, 2004, incomplete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

The pteridophyte flora of Pitcairn Island (Brownlie 1961); Flora of Southestern Polynesia, II. Pteridophytes (Brown & Brown 1931)
more species list checklist Henderson Isl. (incl. Ducie Atoll) HEN 37 ++68651
68All Species
65Indigenous Species
65Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
11 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
3 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
6 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
45 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
3 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

An account of the flora of Pitcairn Island (St. John 1987)

Most recent flora

Henderson Island (Southeast Polynesia): Summary of current knowledge (Fosberg et al. 1983); Flora of Southestern Polynesia (E. D. & F. B. H. Brown 1930-1931, 3 vols.); Ducie Atoll (Rehder & Rantall 1975)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of Southestern Polynesia, II. Pteridophytes (Brown & Brown 1931)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora of Southeastern Polynesia, I. Monocotyledons (F. B. H. Brown 1931)
more species list checklist Easter Island (Rapa Nui) EAS 180 +171485
171All Species
48Indigenous Species
48Indigenous Species except Microspecies
5Endemic Species
5Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2.9% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
17 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic)
12 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
19 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
123 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile (Rodriguez et al. 2018)

Most recent flora

Flowering Plants of Easter Island (Zizka 1991); Plantas de Rapa Nui. Guia Ilustrada (Dubois 2013)
NORTH WEST PACIFIC (62)
more species list checklist Minami-Torishima (Marcus Isl.) MCU 2 -22100
22All Species
10Indigenous Species
10Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
2 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
8 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
12 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

An Ecological Perspective of Marcus Island (Sakagami 1961)
more species list checklist Palau Isl. (Republic of Palau, Western Carolines) PLU 516 o109870920
1098All Species
709Indigenous Species
709Indigenous Species except Microspecies
20Endemic Species
20Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.8% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
122 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 12 endemic)
2 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
15 Basal Angiosperms (of them 5 endemic)
164 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
64 Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
342 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
389 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Vascular Plants of Palau with vernacular names (Fosberg et al. 1980); Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae (Fosberg et al. 1982); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae (Fosberg); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae (Fosberg)

Most recent flora

Flora of Micronesia (Fosberg & Sachet, 5 vols. published, 1975-1993)
more species list checklist Northern Marianas MRN 464 +6793533
679All Species
353Indigenous Species
353Indigenous Species except Microspecies
3Endemic Species
3Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.4% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
58 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
7 Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic)
75 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
24 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
188 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
326 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Vascular flora of the northern Mariana Islands (Fosberg et al. 1975-1980)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Ferns and Orchids of the Mariana Islands (Raulerson & Rinehart 1992)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Ferns and Orchids of the Mariana Islands (Raulerson & Rinehart 1992)
more species list checklist Guam GUM 540 o10424082
1042All Species
408Indigenous Species
408Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2Endemic Species
2Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
61 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
6 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
110 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
29 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
201 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
634 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae (Fosberg et al. 1982); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae (Fosberg); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae (Fosberg)

Most recent flora

The Flora of Guam (Stone 1970)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Ferns and Orchids of the Mariana Islands (Raulerson & Rinehart 1992)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Ferns and Orchids of the Mariana Islands (Raulerson & Rinehart 1992)
more species list checklist Federal States of Micronesia (Central and Eastern Carolines: Truk, Yap, Pohnpei, Kosrae) MIC 702 +119867717
1198All Species
677Indigenous Species
677Indigenous Species except Microspecies
17Endemic Species
17Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.4% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
142 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 12 endemic)
2 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
13 Basal Angiosperms (of them 4 endemic)
137 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
63 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
320 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
521 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Pohnpei (Herrera et al. 2010); Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae (Fosberg et al. 1982); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae (Fosberg); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae (Fosberg); The Endemic Plants of Micronesia: A Geographical Checklist and Commentary (Costion & Laurence 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora of Micronesia (Fosberg & Sachet, 5 vols. published, 1975-1993); Flora of Ponape (Glassmann 1952); Trees of Yap. A Field Guide (Cushing Falanruw 2016)
more species list checklist Marshall Isl. MRS 174 o4741260
474All Species
126Indigenous Species
126Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
11 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
3 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
32 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
79 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
348 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae (Fosberg et al. 1982); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae (Fosberg); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae (Fosberg)

Most recent flora

Vascular Plants recorded from Jaluit Atoll (Fosberg & Sachet 1962); A review of the natural history of the Marshall Islands (Fosberg 1990); Vegetation of Bikini Atoll (Fosberg 1988); The Vascular Plants of Majuro Atoll (van der Velde 2003); Flora of Rongelap and Ailinginae Atolls (Releford 2009)
more species list checklist Wake Isl. WAK 8 o113370
113All Species
37Indigenous Species
37Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
11 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
26 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
76 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae (Fosberg et al. 1982); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae (Fosberg); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae (Fosberg)

Most recent flora

Vegetation and flora of Wake Island (Fosberg 1959); Wake Island vegetation and flora, 1961-1963 (Fosberg & Sachet 1969)
NORTH CENTRAL PACIFIC (63)
more species list checklist Hawaii (incl. Johnston Atoll, Midway Isl.) HAW 16.729 ++23931225311
2393All Species
1225Indigenous Species
1224Indigenous Species except Microspecies
311Endemic Species
311Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
13% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
171 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 128 endemic)
27 Basal Angiosperms (of them 24 endemic)
143 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic)
3 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
881 Dicotyledons (of them 156 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
1168 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Hawaiian Native and Naturalized Vascular Plants Checklist (Imada, ed., 2012); Hawaiian Naturalized Vascular Plants Checklist (Imada et al., 2019)

Most recent flora

Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i (2., rev. ed., 2 vols., Wagner, Herbst & Sohmer 2000); Hawaiian Vascular Plant Updates (Wagner et al. 2012); Common Plants of Midway Atoll (Holthuijzen 2017); Botanical Survey of Midway Atoll (Starr & Starr 2008)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Ferns of Hawai’i (Valier 1995)
NORTH AMERICA (7)
ARCTIC NORTH AMERICA (70)
more species list checklist Alaska (incl. Aleutes) ASK 1.530.000 ++156813646
1568All Species
1364Indigenous Species
1361Indigenous Species except Microspecies
6Endemic Species
6Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.4% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
82 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic)
13 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
4 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
368 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
28 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
869 Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic)
3 Microspecies (of them endemic)
204 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of The United States, Canada and Greenland (Kartesz & Kartesz 1980); BONAP North American Distribution Atlas (www.bonap.org); PLANTS database (plants.usda.gov)

Most recent flora

Flora of Alaska and neighboring territories (Hulten 1968); Flora of the Aleutian Islands (Hulten 1960); Flora of North America (1993 ff., 19 of 26 volumes published)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Vol. 2 (1993); A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States and Canada (Lellinger 1985)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora of North America, Vol. 26: Orchidaceae (Romero-Gonzales et al. 2002); The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida (Luer 1975); Wild Orchids of North America north of Mexico (Brown 2003)
more species list checklist Greenland GNL 2.175.600 ++5344351
534All Species
435Indigenous Species
428Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
40 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
149 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
4 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
241 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
7 Microspecies (of them endemic)
99 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the vascular plants of Greenland (2nd ed., Holmen 1968); A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of The United States, Canada and Greenland (Kartesz & Kartesz 1980)

Most recent flora

The Flora of Greenland (2nd ed., Böcher et al. 1968); The flowering plants of Greenland (Jorgensen et al. 1958) [see also Flora of North America]

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Vol. 2 (1993); A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States and Canada (Lellinger 1985)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora of North America, Vol. 26: Orchidaceae (Romero-Gonzales et al. 2002); BONAP North American Distribution Atlas (www.bonap.org); PLANTS database (plants.usda.gov); The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida (Luer 1975); Wild Orchids of North America north of Mexico (Brown 2003)
CANADA (70-72)
more species list checklist Canada CDN 9.970.610 ++5050394115
5050All Species
3941Indigenous Species
3924Indigenous Species except Microspecies
15Endemic Species
15Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
175 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
36 Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic)
20 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
977 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
73 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2660 Dicotyledons (of them 8 endemic)
17 Microspecies (of them endemic)
1109 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of The United States, Canada and Greenland (Kartesz & Kartesz 1980); BONAP North American Distribution Atlas (www.bonap.org); PLANTS database (plants.usda.gov)

Most recent flora

The flora of Canada (Scoggan 1978, 1979, 4 vols.); Flora of North America (1993 ff., 20 of 26 volumes published). Many regional and state floras not listed here (a majority of the states has recent floras)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Les fougeres et les plantes alliees du Canada (Cody & Britton 1989); Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Vol. 2 (1993); A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States and Canada (Lellinger 1985)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora of North America, Vol. 26: Orchidaceae (Romero-Gonzales et al. 2002); BONAP North American Distribution Atlas (www.bonap.org); PLANTS database (plants.usda.gov); The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida (Luer 1975); Wild Orchids of North America north of Mexico (Brown 2003)
more species list checklist St. Pierre & Miquelon SPM 242 ++5154050
515All Species
405Indigenous Species
402Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
41 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
8 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
1 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
150 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
6 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
199 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
3 Microspecies (of them endemic)
110 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Atlas of the vascular plants of the island of Newfoundland and of the island of St. Pierre et Miquelon (Rouleau & Lamoureux 1992)

Most recent flora

Les plantes vasculaires des iles Saint-Pierre et Miquelon (LeGallo 1954) [see also Flora of North America and some Canadian regional floras]

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Vol. 2 (1993); A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States and Canada (Lellinger 1985)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora of North America, Vol. 26: Orchidaceae (Romero-Gonzales et al. 2002); BONAP North American Distribution Atlas (www.bonap.org); PLANTS database (plants.usda.gov); The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida (Luer 1975); Wild Orchids of North America north of Mexico (Brown 2003)
USA (73-78)
more species list checklist USA (Lower 48 States) USA 8.262.426 ++19018157042166
19018All Species
15704Indigenous Species
15547Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2166Endemic Species
2157Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
11.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
442 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 39 endemic)
110 Gymnosperms (of them 27 endemic)
97 Basal Angiosperms (of them 35 endemic)
2719 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 187 endemic)
201 Orchids (of them 17 endemic)
12135 Dicotyledons (of them 1861 endemic)
157 Microspecies (of them 9 endemic)
3314 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of The United States, Canada and Greenland (Kartesz & Kartesz 1980); BONAP North American Distribution Atlas (www.bonap.org); PLANTS database (plants.usda.gov)

Most recent flora

Flora of North America (1993 ff., 20 of 26 volumes published). Many regional and state floras not listed here (a majority of the states has recent floras).

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Vol. 2 (1993); A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States and Canada (Lellinger 1985)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora of North America, Vol. 26: Orchidaceae (Romero-Gonzales et al. 2002); The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida (Luer 1975); Wild Orchids of North America north of Mexico (Brown 2003)
more species list checklist Bermuda BER 53 +2141397
214All Species
139Indigenous Species
139Indigenous Species except Microspecies
7Endemic Species
7Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
3.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
19 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
38 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
78 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
75 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of Bermuda (Britton 1918, very outdated)
MEXICO (79)
more species list checklist Mexico MEX 1.964.382 +25172241064592
25172All Species
24106Indigenous Species
24096Indigenous Species except Microspecies
4592Endemic Species
4591Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
18.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1052 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 205 endemic)
166 Gymnosperms (of them 107 endemic)
651 Basal Angiosperms (of them 346 endemic)
3423 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 669 endemic)
1331 Orchids (of them 161 endemic)
17483 Dicotyledons (of them 3104 endemic)
10 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic)
1066 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico (Villasenor 2016); numerous state checklists

Most recent flora

Numerous regional floras, especially: Flora de Aguascalientes (1982 ff., few volumes published), Flora of Baja California (Wiggins 1980); Flora of Chiapas (1981 ff., 6 vols. published); Flora of Bajío y de regiones adyacentes (Rzedowski et al., 1991 ff., 229 vols. published); Flora de Guerrero (1989 ff., 93 vols. published); Flora de Jalisco y areas colindantes (27 vols. published), Flora Novo-Galiciana (McVaugh et al., 1974 ff., 9 vols. published); Flora del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán (1993 ff., 141 vols. published); Flora de Veracruz (1978 ff., 190 vols. published); numerous state checklists (Listados Floristicos de Mexico); Flora Mesoamericana (southern Mexico only, 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); Pteridophytes of Mexico (Mickel & Smith 2004); Flora Novo-Galiciana, Volume 17 (McVaugh 1992); Pteridophytes. Flora of Chiapas, part 2 (Smith 1981); Flora of Baja California (Wiggins 1980); Pteridophyte flora of Oaxaca, Mexico (Mickel & Beitel 1988); Ferns and fern allies of Chihuahua, Mexico (Knobloch & Correll 1962); Listados floristicos de Mexico. IX. Flora de Durango (Elizondo et al. 1991); Flora de Mexico, Volume 6, parts 1-3: Pteridophyta (1993-1995)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Listado Actualizado de las Orquideas de Mexico (Soto Arenas 1988); Icones Orchidacearum (Mexico), Fasc. 1-6 (Hagsater & Salazar 1990-2003)
more species list checklist Isla Guadalupe GLP 244 ++2011521
201All Species
152Indigenous Species
152Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
8 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
3 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
15 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
125 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
49 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

The Flora of Guadalupe Island, Mexico (Moran 1996)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Pteridophytes of Mexico (Mickel & Smith 2004)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Listado Actualizado de las Orquideas de Mexico (Soto Arenas 1988)
more species list checklist Revillagigedo Isl. (incl. Socorro Isl.) RGI 157 +1871534
187All Species
153Indigenous Species
153Indigenous Species except Microspecies
4Endemic Species
4Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
17 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
4 Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic)
24 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
4 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
104 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
34 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

The vascular flora of Isla Socorro, Mexico (Lewin & Moran 1989)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Pteridophytes of Mexico (Mickel & Smith 2004)
TROPICAL AMERICA (8)
CENTRAL AMERICA (80)
more species list checklist Guatemala GUA 108.889 o81817879166
8181All Species
7879Indigenous Species
7875Indigenous Species except Microspecies
166Endemic Species
166Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
724 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic)
28 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
326 Basal Angiosperms (of them 82 endemic)
1195 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 16 endemic)
946 Orchids (of them 39 endemic)
4660 Dicotyledons (of them 25 endemic)
4 Microspecies (of them endemic)
302 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts); Flora of Guatemala (Standley, ed., 1958-1977, outdated)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); Ferns and fern allies of Guatemala, pt. 1-3 (Stolze 1976-83)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Orchids of Guatemala: A revised annotated checklist (Dix & Dix 2000); Orchids of Guatemala and Belize (Ames & Correll 1985); Guatemala y sus orquídeas (Behar & Tinschert 1998)
more species list checklist Belize BLZ 22.965 +3647339816
3647All Species
3398Indigenous Species
3397Indigenous Species except Microspecies
16Endemic Species
16Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.4% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
270 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
9 Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic)
144 Basal Angiosperms (of them 9 endemic)
618 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
291 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2066 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
249 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Belize (Balick et al. 2000)

Most recent flora

Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Belize (Balick, Nee & Atha 2000); Native Orchids of Belize (McLeish, Pearce & Adams 1995); Orchids of Guatemala and Belize (Ames & Correll 1985); Lista Comentada de las orquideas de Belice (Catling & Catling 1988)
more species list checklist El Salvador ELS 21.041 o311428726
3114All Species
2872Indigenous Species
2872Indigenous Species except Microspecies
6Endemic Species
6Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
379 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic)
12 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
92 Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic)
532 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
397 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1460 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
242 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); An Annotated Checklist of the Monilophytes (Ferns) and Lycophytes of El Salvador (Monterrosa & Monro 2008); Una guia taxonomica para helechos de El Salvador (Seiler 1980); Listado de la flora Salvadorensis / Pteridophyta (Pfeiffer-Berendsohn 1989)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Las Orquideas de El Salvador (Hamer 1974-1981)
more species list checklist Honduras HON 112.492 +7567662078
7567All Species
6620Indigenous Species
6620Indigenous Species except Microspecies
78Endemic Species
78Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
661 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 6 endemic)
25 Gymnosperms (of them 5 endemic)
291 Basal Angiosperms (of them 57 endemic)
1109 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic)
603 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
3931 Dicotyledons (of them 6 endemic)
947 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Honduras, espermatofitas (Nelson Sutherland et al. 2008)

Most recent flora

Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Ferns and Lycophytes of Honduras: A new annotated checklist (J. D. Reyes et al. 2021); Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); Hondurensis Plantarum Vascularium Catalogus. Pteridophyta (Sutherland et al. 1996)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft)
more species list checklist Nicaragua NIC 129.494 ++6324587410
6324All Species
5874Indigenous Species
5873Indigenous Species except Microspecies
10Endemic Species
10Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
614 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
11 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
219 Basal Angiosperms (of them 5 endemic)
1017 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
619 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
3394 Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
450 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora of Nicaragua (Stevens et al., eds.) (2001-2009, 4 vols., complete); Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); Flora of Nicaragua, Vol. 4 (Helechos) (Gomez & Arbelaez 2009)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Orchids of Nicaragua, Pt. 1-6 (Hamer 1982-1985); Orchidaceae (Hamer). - In: Flora of Nicaragua, Vol. 2 (Stevens, ed., 2001)
more species list checklist Costa Rica (except Isla del Coco) COS 51.060 ++1108110445683
11081All Species
10445Indigenous Species
10442Indigenous Species except Microspecies
683Endemic Species
683Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
6.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1162 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 115 endemic)
10 Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic)
791 Basal Angiosperms (of them 338 endemic)
1593 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 94 endemic)
1565 Orchids (of them 71 endemic)
5324 Dicotyledons (of them 62 endemic)
3 Microspecies (of them endemic)
636 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica (Hammel et al., 2003-2020, 8 vols., complete); Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts); Flora Costaricensis (Burger, ed., 1971, 10 vols. published, outdated)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); The Ferns and Fern allies of Costa Rica, Panama, and the Choco. Part 1 (Lellinger 1989)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Field Guide to the Orchids of Costa Rica and Panama (Dressler 1993); Flora Costaricensis, Family 39, part V (Maxillarieae and Oncidinae) (Atwood & de Retana 1999); Lista actualizada de las orquideas de Costa Rica (Mora-Retana & Garcia 1992); Catalogo revisado y anotado de las Orchidaceae de Costa Rica (Pupulin 2002); Orchidaceae (Dressler et al.) - In: Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, Vol. III (Hammel et al., ed., 2003)
more species list checklist Isla del Coco (Cocos Isl.) COC 40 ++17115720
171All Species
157Indigenous Species
157Indigenous Species except Microspecies
20Endemic Species
20Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
11.7% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
56 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 20 endemic)
4 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
26 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
6 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
65 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
14 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Preliminary List of Plants from Cocos Island (Fosberg & Klawe 1966)

Most recent flora

Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica (Hammel et al., 2003-2020, 8 vols., complete); Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 6 of ca. 10 volumes published, plus numerous drafts)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); The ferns and fern-allies of Cocos Island, Costa Rica (Gomez 1975) [= Contribuciones a la pteridologia costarricense. VII. Pteridofita de la Isla de Cocos]
more species list checklist Panama PAN 75.517 +102119787595
10211All Species
9787Indigenous Species
9786Indigenous Species except Microspecies
595Endemic Species
595Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
5.8% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
959 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 43 endemic)
21 Gymnosperms (of them 11 endemic)
647 Basal Angiosperms (of them 159 endemic)
1714 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 267 endemic)
1370 Orchids (of them 37 endemic)
5076 Dicotyledons (of them 78 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
424 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Flora of Panama, vol. 1: The introduction and checklist (d'Arcy 1987)

Most recent flora

Flora of Panama (d'Arcy 1943-1980, 9 parts in 21 vols. published), Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); Flora of Panama: Checklist and index (D'Arcy 1987); The Ferns and Fern allies of Costa Rica, Panama, and the Choco. Part 1 (Lellinger 1989)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

An updated checklist of the Orchidaceae of Panama (Bogarin et al. 2014); Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Field Guide to the Orchids of Costa Rica and Panama (Dressler 1993); Flora of Panama: Checklist and index (D'Arcy 1987); Checklist of the Orchids of Panama (Dressler 1980)
more species list checklist Clipperton Isl. CLI 30 +32130
32All Species
13Indigenous Species
13Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
8 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
5 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
19 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Flora and vegetation of Clipperton Island (Sachet 1962); Flora and Vegetation of Clipperton (La Passion) Atoll (Jost et al. 2019)
more species list checklist Isla Malpelo MAL 1 ++220
2All Species
2Indigenous Species
2Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
1 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)

Most recent flora

Flora terreste de la isla Malpelo (Colombia) (Gonzalez-Roman et al. 2014); The biological investigation of Malpelo Island (Graham 1975)
CARIBBEAN (81)
more species list checklist Bahamas BAH 13.939 ++133010642
1330All Species
1064Indigenous Species
1063Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2Endemic Species
2Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
41 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
3 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
16 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
216 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
52 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
736 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
266 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Bahamian Archipelago (Correll & Correll 1982); Endemic Seed Plants in the Bahamian Archipelago (Freid et al. 2014); Vascular flora of Andros Island, Bahamas (Nickrent et al. 2008)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae (Sauleda & Adams). - In: Flora of the Bahama Archipelago (Correll & Correll 1982)
more species list checklist Turks & Caicos Isl. TCI 430 ++4163630
416All Species
363Indigenous Species
363Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
7 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
79 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
7 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
268 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
53 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Bahamian Archipelago (Correll & Correll 1982)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the Bahama Archipelago (Sauleda & Adams 197
more species list checklist Cuba CUB 114.525 +(+)68916015429
6891All Species
6015Indigenous Species
6015Indigenous Species except Microspecies
429Endemic Species
429Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
6.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
554 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 93 endemic)
12 Gymnosperms (of them 8 endemic)
162 Basal Angiosperms (of them 76 endemic)
921 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 28 endemic)
318 Orchids (of them 5 endemic)
4048 Dicotyledons (of them 219 endemic)
876 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012); Base de datos de especímenes de la flora de Cuba : con mapas de distribución, Versión 4.0 - 2008

Most recent flora

Flora de la Republica de Cuba (1998 ff., 16 vols. published); Flora de Cuba (Leon & Alain 1946-1962, outdated)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Lista de los helechos y licofitos de Cuba (Sanchez 2017)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Las orquideas nativas de Cuba (Diaz 1988); Iconografia de orquídeas Cubanas (Marquez & Bocourt Vigli 1997); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014)
more species list checklist Cayman Isl. CAY 262 ++7055451
705All Species
545Indigenous Species
545Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
19 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
12 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
101 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
27 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
385 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
160 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Cayman Islands (Proctor 1984)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Cayman Islands (Proctor 1984); Orquideas de las Islas Cayman (Adams 1971)
more species list checklist Jamaica JAM 10.991 ++37283018136
3728All Species
3018Indigenous Species
3018Indigenous Species except Microspecies
136Endemic Species
136Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
3.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
562 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 72 endemic)
4 Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic)
94 Basal Angiosperms (of them 31 endemic)
450 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic)
206 Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
1702 Dicotyledons (of them 23 endemic)
710 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

Flowering plants of Jamaica (Adams 1972); Flora of Jamaica (Warner 2007)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Ferns of Jamaica (Proctor 1985)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchids of Jamaica (Gloudon & Tobisch 1995); A Checklist of the Orchids of Jamaica (Adams 1966); Orchidaceae (Adams, Proctor & Read). In: Flowering Plants of Jamaica (1972); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014)
more species list checklist Hispaniola (Dominican Republic & Haiti) HIS 76.200 +(+)59004932328
5900All Species
4932Indigenous Species
4932Indigenous Species except Microspecies
328Endemic Species
328Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
5.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
610 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 72 endemic)
6 Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic)
175 Basal Angiosperms (of them 82 endemic)
598 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic)
356 Orchids (of them 22 endemic)
3187 Dicotyledons (of them 144 endemic)
968 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora of Hispaniola (Liogier, ed.) (1981 ff., 9 vols. published, mostly complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014)
more species list checklist Navassa Isl. NAV 5 +1391060
139All Species
106Indigenous Species
106Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
5 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
20 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
81 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
33 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Navassa Island and its flora. 2. Checklist of the vascular plants (Zanoni & Buck 1999)
more species list checklist Puerto Rico (incl. Mona Isl., Desecheo Isl., Culebra Isl., Vieques Isl.) PUE 8.959 +(+)3300235038
3300All Species
2350Indigenous Species
2349Indigenous Species except Microspecies
38Endemic Species
38Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
368 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 22 endemic)
4 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
86 Basal Angiosperms (of them 9 endemic)
414 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic)
136 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1342 Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
950 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012); Liogier (1982)

Most recent flora

Flora of Puerto Rico (Liogier, ed., 1985-1997, 5 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Ferns of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Proctor 1989)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); The Orchids of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Ackerman & Del Mayda 1995); An orchid Flora of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Ackerman 1995); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014)
more species list checklist U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, St. John), British Virgin Islands (Anegada, Virgin Gorda, Tortola, Jost Van Dyke Isl., Peter Isl., Salt Isl.) VIR 495 +158110721
1581All Species
1072Indigenous Species
1071Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
62 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
37 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
193 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
31 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
749 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
509 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012); Annotated checklist of the dicotyledons of Tortola (d'Arcy 1967)); An Environmental Profile of the Island of Tortola, Addendum I, Preliminary List of Species (Lindsay 2015); Monocotyledons ang Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong 2005)

Most recent flora

Flora of Virgin Gorda (Little et al. 1971); The flora of the American Virgin Islands (Britton 1918); Flora of St. John (Proctor in Acevedo-Rodriguez et al. 1996); The island of Anegada and its flora (D'Arcy 1971)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Ferns of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Proctor 1989)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); An Orchid Flora of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Ackermann 1995)
more species list checklist Anguilla AGU 70 ++3392600
339All Species
260Indigenous Species
260Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
44 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
212 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
79 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete); A Guide to Common Plants of Anguilla (Walker 2005)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist St. Maarten (St. Martin) STM 86 ++4703680
470All Species
368Indigenous Species
368Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
14 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
8 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
64 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
7 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
275 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
102 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete); Flora of the Netherlands Antilles (Stoffers, ed., 8 vols., 1962-1984)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist St. Barthelemy (St. Barts) SBA 21 ++4443500
444All Species
350Indigenous Species
350Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
9 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
6 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
19 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
7 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
309 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
94 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

The flora of the island of St. Bartholomew and its origin (Questel 1941); Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist Saba SAB 13 ++5564271
556All Species
427Indigenous Species
427Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
57 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
18 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
60 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
10 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
282 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
129 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete); Flora of the Netherlands Antilles (Stoffers, ed., 8 vols., 1962-1984)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist St. Eustatius STE 21 ++4503520
450All Species
352Indigenous Species
352Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
32 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
16 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
36 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
11 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
257 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
98 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete); Flora of the Netherlands Antilles (Stoffers, ed., 8 vols., 1962-1984)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist St. Kitts & Nevis STK 269 ++8156673
815All Species
667Indigenous Species
667Indigenous Species except Microspecies
3Endemic Species
3Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.4% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
134 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
25 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
101 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
24 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
382 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
148 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977); A revised list of pteridophytes from St. Kitts (Proctor 1962)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist Antigua and Barbuda (incl. Redonda Isl.) ABA 441 ++9757660
975All Species
766Indigenous Species
766Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
33 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
30 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
130 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
19 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
553 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
209 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist Montserrat MTS 102 ++9067111
906All Species
711Indigenous Species
711Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
118 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
35 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
79 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
19 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
459 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
195 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist Guadeloupe (incl. Marie Galante, La Désirade, Les Saintes) GDL 1.600 ++205416378
2054All Species
1637Indigenous Species
1637Indigenous Species except Microspecies
8Endemic Species
8Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.4% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
289 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
64 Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic)
267 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
105 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
911 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
417 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

Flore illustree des phanerogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique (Fournet 1978); Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974); Orchidaceae (Fournet). - In: Flore illustrée des phanerogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique (1978); Atlas des Orchidées sauvages de Gouadeloupe (Feldmann & Barré 2001)
more species list checklist Dominica DOM 750 ++144711962
1447All Species
1196Indigenous Species
1195Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2Endemic Species
2Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
193 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
45 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
177 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
86 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
694 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
251 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora of Dominica (Hodge 1954, Nicolson 1991); Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974); Flora of Dominica, Pt. 1 (Orchidaceae) (Hodge 1954)
more species list checklist Martinique MAR 1.102 ++188714692
1887All Species
1469Indigenous Species
1469Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2Endemic Species
2Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
224 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
57 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
241 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
82 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
864 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
418 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

Flore illustree des phanerogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique (Fournet 1978); Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist St. Lucia STL 616 ++144911321
1449All Species
1132Indigenous Species
1132Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
120 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
2 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
47 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
188 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
54 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
721 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
317 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist St. Vincent and the Grenadines STV 389 ++135811110
1358All Species
1111Indigenous Species
1111Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
167 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
48 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
130 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
55 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
711 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
247 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist Grenada GRE 344 ++11009241
1100All Species
924Indigenous Species
924Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
154 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
27 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
132 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
66 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
545 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
176 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974); The Orchids of the Islands of Grenada, British West Indies (Schultes 1956, in Amer. Orch. Soc. Bull. 25)
more species list checklist Barbados BBD 430 ++8595852
859All Species
585Indigenous Species
585Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2Endemic Species
2Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
30 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
18 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
104 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
7 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
425 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
274 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012)

Most recent flora

Flora of Barbados (Gooding et al., 1965); Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Barbados (Gooding, Loveless & Proctor 1965)
more species list checklist Trinidad & Tobago TRT 5.048 +3475234519
3475All Species
2345Indigenous Species
2344Indigenous Species except Microspecies
19Endemic Species
19Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
295 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 9 endemic)
2 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
78 Basal Angiosperms (of them 6 endemic)
464 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
183 Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
1323 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
1130 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago (Baksh-Comeau et al. 2016)

Most recent flora

Flora of Trinidad & Tobago - Williams, R. O. et al. (1928-1979, mostly complete, plus additional volumes until 1992)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Checklist of the pteridophytes of Trinidad & Tobago (Baksh-Comeau 2000)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Native Orchids of Trinidad and Tobago (Schultes 1960)
more species list checklist Aruba ARU 179 +3322701
332All Species
270Indigenous Species
270Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
59 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
210 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
62 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Zakflora (Wat in het wild groeit en bloeit op Curacao, Aruba en Bonaire) (2. ed.) (Arnoldo 1964); Flora of the Netherlands Antilles (Stoffers, ed., 8 vols., 1962-1984)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Pteridophyta, in: Flora of the Netherlands Antilles, Vol. 1 (Kramer 1962)
more species list checklist Bonaire BON 288 +3682990
368All Species
299Indigenous Species
299Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
3 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
3 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
66 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
227 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
69 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Zakflora (Wat in het wild groeit en bloeit op Curacao, Aruba en Bonaire) (2. ed.) (Arnoldo 1964); Flora of the Netherlands Antilles (Stoffers, ed., 8 vols., 1962-1984)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Pteridophyta, in: Flora of the Netherlands Antilles, Vol. 1 (Kramer 1962)
more species list checklist Curacao CUR 444 +5154280
515All Species
428Indigenous Species
428Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
7 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
6 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
97 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
318 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
87 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Zakflora (Wat in het wild groeit en bloeit op Curacao, Aruba en Bonaire) (2. ed.) (Arnoldo 1964); Flora of the Netherlands Antilles (Stoffers, ed., 8 vols., 1962-1984)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Pteridophyta, in: Flora of the Netherlands Antilles, Vol. 1 (Kramer 1962)
more species list checklist San Andres y Providencia SWC 43 o3022980
302All Species
298Indigenous Species
298Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
6 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
6 Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic)
58 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
4 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
224 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
4 Neophytes or Culture Escapes
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA (82)
more species list checklist Colombia CLM 1.141.748 +25723246462872
25723All Species
24646Indigenous Species
24644Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2872Endemic Species
2872Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
11.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1735 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 196 endemic)
37 Gymnosperms (of them 16 endemic)
1444 Basal Angiosperms (of them 440 endemic)
3646 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 560 endemic)
4327 Orchids (of them 746 endemic)
13457 Dicotyledons (of them 914 endemic)
2 Microspecies (of them endemic)
1077 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia (Bernal, Gradstein & Celis, eds., 2015)

Most recent flora

Flora de Colombia (1983 ff., 32 vols. published, very incomplete); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

The Ferns and Fern allies of Costa Rica, Panama, and the Choco. Part 1 (Lellinger 1989); Helechos y plantas afines de Colombia (Murillo-Pulido 1990); Flora de Colombia, Vol. 9: Pteridophyta 1 (Murillo-Pulido 1988)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Native Colombian Orchids, Vol. 1-6 (Escobar 1990-98); Orquideas de Colombia (Ortiz 1995) [contains checklist]; Lista de especies de Orquídeas registradas para Colombia: Adiciones y correcciones (Ortiz 2000, in Orquideologia 21)
more species list checklist Venezuela (incl. Isla Margarita) VEN 912.050 +16551159261029
16551All Species
15926Indigenous Species
15925Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1029Endemic Species
1029Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
6.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1262 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 140 endemic)
28 Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic)
741 Basal Angiosperms (of them 201 endemic)
2652 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 281 endemic)
1499 Orchids (of them 35 endemic)
9744 Dicotyledons (of them 370 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
625 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Nuevo Catalogo de la flora vascular de Venezuela (Hokche, Berry & Huber, eds., 2008)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Venezuelan Guyana (Steyermark et al., eds., 9 vols., complete); Flora of Venezuela (Lasser et al., eds., 1968-1989, 24 parts published, incomplete); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora de Venezuela, Vol. 1 + 2 (Helechos) (Vareschi 1968-69); Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, Vol. 2 (1995)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Venezuelan orchids illustrated (Dunsterville & Garay 1959-1976, 6 vols.) (reprint as Orchids of Venezuela - An Illustrated Field Guide, 1979, 2nd ed. as Illustrated Field Guide of Orchids of Venezuela, Romero & Carnevali 2000, 3 Vols.); Flora de Venezuela, Vol. XV, pt. 1-5 (Foldats 1969-70); Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, Vol. 7 (2003)
more species list checklist Guyana (British Guyana) GUY 214.969 +6438619198
6438All Species
6191Indigenous Species
6191Indigenous Species except Microspecies
98Endemic Species
98Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
536 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 27 endemic)
5 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
294 Basal Angiosperms (of them 24 endemic)
1043 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 18 endemic)
564 Orchids (of them 3 endemic)
3749 Dicotyledons (of them 26 endemic)
247 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (2nd Edition) (Boggan et al. 1997)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Venezuelan Guyana (Steyermark et al., eds., 9 vols., complete); Flora of the Guianas / ed. by A. R. A. Görts-van Rijn (1985 ff., 34 vols. published, incomplete); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of the Guianas, Vol. 1 (Szlachetko et al. 2017); Orchidaceae (Christenson & Boggan). - In: Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (2nd Edition) (Boggan et al. 1997); Guide to the Vascular Plants of Central French Guiana: Orchidaceae (Christensen in Mori et al. 1997)
more species list checklist Surinam SUR 163.265 +4642441826
4642All Species
4418Indigenous Species
4418Indigenous Species except Microspecies
26Endemic Species
26Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
325 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic)
2 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
238 Basal Angiosperms (of them 9 endemic)
824 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 8 endemic)
386 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2643 Dicotyledons (of them 5 endemic)
224 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (2nd Edition) (Boggan et al. 1997)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Guianas / ed. by A. R. A. Görts-van Rijn (1985 ff., 34 vols. published, incomplete); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

The Pteridophytes of Suriname (Kramer 1978)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of the Guianas, Vol. 1 (Szlachetko et al. 2017); Orchidaceae (Christenson & Boggan). - In: Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (2nd Edition) (Boggan et al. 1997); Orchideeen van Suriname (Werkhoven 1986)
more species list checklist French Guiana FRG 83.534 +5086488778
5086All Species
4887Indigenous Species
4887Indigenous Species except Microspecies
78Endemic Species
78Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
336 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 12 endemic)
3 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
286 Basal Angiosperms (of them 28 endemic)
804 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 19 endemic)
437 Orchids (of them 5 endemic)
3021 Dicotyledons (of them 14 endemic)
199 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (2nd Edition) (Boggan et al. 1997)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Guianas / ed. by A. R. A. Görts-van Rijn (1985 ff., 34 vols. published, incomplete); Guide to the Vascular Plants of Central French Guiana (Mori 1997, 2 vols.); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchids of the Guianas, Vol. 1 (Szlachetko et al. 2017); Orchidaceae (Christenson & Boggan). - In: Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (2nd Edition) (Boggan et al. 1997); Guide to the Vascular Plants of Central French Guiana: Orchidaceae (Christensen in Mori et al. 1997)
more species list checklist Ecuador ECU 272.045 +(+)19070183982124
19070All Species
18398Indigenous Species
18395Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2124Endemic Species
2124Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
11.1% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1515 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 193 endemic)
15 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
988 Basal Angiosperms (of them 251 endemic)
2622 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 502 endemic)
4259 Orchids (of them 840 endemic)
8999 Dicotyledons (of them 337 endemic)
3 Microspecies (of them endemic)
672 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador (Moeller-Jorgensen ed., 1999); Supplements by Ulloa Ulloa & Neill (2005); Neill & Ulloa Ulloa (2011)

Most recent flora

Flora of Ecuador (1973 ff., 97 vols. published, incomplete); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora of Ecuador, Vol. 9 (Garay 1979); Native Ecuadorian orchids (Dodson & Escobar 1994, Dodson 2001); Calaway H. Dodson & Carlyle A. Luer (2009): Flora of Ecuador, Vol. 76: Orchidaceae. Genera Aa - Cyrtidiorchis.; Calaway H. Dodson & Carlyle A. Luer (2009): Flora of Ecuador, Vol. 84: Orchidaceae. Masdevallia and Affiliates.; Calaway H. Dodson & Carlyle A. Luer (2010): Flora of Ecuador, Vol. 87: Orchidaceae. Genera Cyrtochiloides - Epibator.
more species list checklist Galapagos Isl. GAL 7.844 +(+)79166113
791All Species
661Indigenous Species
661Indigenous Species except Microspecies
13Endemic Species
13Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
1.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
118 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 12 endemic)
7 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
101 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
16 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
419 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
130 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador (Moeller-Jorgensen ed., 1999)

Most recent flora

Flora of the Galapagos Islands (Wiggins & Porter 1971); Flowering Plants of the Galapagos (McMullen 1999, Field Guide)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The orchids of the Galapagos Islands (Luer 1972)
WEST CENTRAL SOUTH AMERICA (83)
more species list checklist Peru PER 1.280.000 +20804202252322
20804All Species
20225Indigenous Species
20223Indigenous Species except Microspecies
2322Endemic Species
2322Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
11.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1284 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 146 endemic)
17 Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic)
1447 Basal Angiosperms (of them 747 endemic)
2664 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 308 endemic)
2463 Orchids (of them 266 endemic)
12350 Dicotyledons (of them 853 endemic)
2 Microspecies (of them endemic)
579 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru (Brako & Zarucchi 1993)

Most recent flora

Flora of Peru (1936 - 1995, 27 vols. published, mostly outdated); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Pteridophyta of Peru, pt. 1-6 (Tryon & Stolze 1989-94)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Icones Orchidacearum Peruvianum (Bennett & Christenson 1995-2000, Vol. 1-8, ongoing series); Orchids of Peru, Vol. I-IV (Schweinfurth 1959-1961, in Fieldiana Bot.)
more species list checklist Bolivia BOL 1.098.581 +1543514564607
15435All Species
14564Indigenous Species
14564Indigenous Species except Microspecies
607Endemic Species
607Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
3.9% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1192 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 141 endemic)
16 Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic)
566 Basal Angiosperms (of them 127 endemic)
2253 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 92 endemic)
1375 Orchids (of them 59 endemic)
9162 Dicotyledons (of them 186 endemic)
871 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Bolivia (Jorgensen et al. 2014)

Most recent flora

Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Prodromus of a Fern Flora of Bolivia (Smith & Kessler 2016 ff., over 30 parts, complete)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orquideas de Bolivia, Vol. 1 (Vasquez & Ibisch 2000); Orquideas de Bolivia, Vol. 2 (Vasquez & Ibisch 2003); Index Orchidacearum Bolivianum (Hashimoto 1993)
BRAZIL (84)
more species list checklist Brazil BRA 8.547.404 +371693657410851
37169All Species
36574Indigenous Species
36573Indigenous Species except Microspecies
10851Endemic Species
10851Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
29.2% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1414 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 513 endemic)
24 Gymnosperms (of them 4 endemic)
1618 Basal Angiosperms (of them 866 endemic)
6886 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2799 endemic)
2796 Orchids (of them 907 endemic)
23836 Dicotyledons (of them 5762 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
595 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Lista de Especies da Flora do Brasil (floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br)

Most recent flora

Many regional floras (all incomplete), especially: Flora d Bahia (ca. 80 families published); Flora do Ceara (2013 ff., ca. 20 families published); Flora do Sergipe (2 vols., 2013, 2015), Flora dos estados de Goiás e Tocantins (1981 ff., 51 families published); Flora do Distrito Federal (2001 ff., 11 families published); Flora Ecologia de Restingas do Sudeste do Brazil (1965-1978, 22 families published); Flora do Rio de Janeiro (2017 ff., 24 families published); Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais (134 families published); Flora Fanerogamica da Ilha do Cardoso (1991 ff., 16 vols. published); Flora ilustrata do Rio Grande do Sul (1955-1992, 22 vols. published); Flora ilustrada Catarinense (Reitz, ed., 1967 ff., 184 parts published); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing); Especies Arboreas Brasileiras (Carvalho 2003-2014, 5 vols. published); Arvores Brasileiras (Lorenzi 2009, 3 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Flora Brasileira: Orquideas 1 (A-L), 2 (M-Z) (CD-ROM, Campacci 2000); Lista de Especies da Flora do Brasil (floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br); Orchidaceae Brasilienses (Pabst & Dungs 1975-77); Icones Orchidacearum Brasilienses (Castro & Campacci, Vol. 1, 2001)
more species list checklist Fernando Noronha Isl. FNI 26 -28270
28All Species
27Indigenous Species
27Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
4 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
23 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
1 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent flora

Terrestrial vascular floras of Brazil's Oceanic Archipelagos (Alves 2006) [not seen and not included]
more species list checklist Ilha da Trindade ITR 11 o161610
16All Species
16Indigenous Species
16Indigenous Species except Microspecies
10Endemic Species
10Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
62.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
10 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 8 endemic)
2 Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic)
1 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)

Most recent flora

Ilha da Trindade & Arquipelago Martin Vaz (Alves 1998)
TEMPERATE SOUTH AMERICA (85)
more species list checklist Paraguay PAR 406.752 +5175501246
5175All Species
5012Indigenous Species
5012Indigenous Species except Microspecies
46Endemic Species
46Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.9% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
254 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
108 Basal Angiosperms (of them 11 endemic)
906 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
164 Orchids (of them 1 endemic)
3579 Dicotyledons (of them 28 endemic)
163 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur (Zuloaga et al. 2008); Checklist of the endemic vascular plants of Paraguay (Pena Chocarro & de Egea 2018)

Most recent flora

Flora de Paraguay (1983 ff., 52 vols. plus Key published, still incomplete)
more species list checklist Uruguay URU 176.215 +2826249914
2826All Species
2499Indigenous Species
2499Indigenous Species except Microspecies
14Endemic Species
14Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0.5% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
110 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
1 Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic)
26 Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic)
681 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic)
49 Orchids (of them 2 endemic)
1632 Dicotyledons (of them 4 endemic)
327 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur (Zuloaga et al. 2008)

Most recent flora

Flora Montevidensis (Lombardo 1982-1984, 3 vols.); Flora del Uruguay (1958-1972, only 4 vols. published)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora de Uruguay, Vol. 1 Pteridophyta (Legrand & Lombardo 1958)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

Orchidaceae. - In: Flora del Uruguay (Herter 1949)
more species list checklist Argentina ARG 2.780.400 +100929229399
10092All Species
9229Indigenous Species
9225Indigenous Species except Microspecies
399Endemic Species
399Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
4% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
386 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 27 endemic)
18 Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic)
107 Basal Angiosperms (of them 11 endemic)
1960 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 79 endemic)
271 Orchids (of them 11 endemic)
6487 Dicotyledons (of them 270 endemic)
4 Microspecies (of them endemic)
863 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur (Zuloaga et al. 2008); Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de la Republica Argentina (2 vols., Zuloaga et al. 1996)

Most recent flora

Flora de Argentina (Anton & Zuloaga, dir., 2012 ff., 14 vols. published, incomplete); Flora Fanerogamica Argentina (online, 87 parts published). Various regional floras, most important: Flora Patagonica (1971-1998, 7 parts in 8 vols.); Flora de Mendoza (2009 ff., 10 families published); Flora de San Juan (2003 ff., 4 vols. published); Flora Rioplatense (7 parts published); Flora del Valle de Lerma (176 families published); Biota Rioplatense (1997-2005, 11 parts published)
more species list checklist Chile (excl. Juan Fdz. Isl.) CLE 756.626 +49314261410
4931All Species
4261Indigenous Species
4253Indigenous Species except Microspecies
410Endemic Species
410Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
8.3% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
112 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 18 endemic)
15 Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic)
16 Basal Angiosperms (of them 13 endemic)
864 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 70 endemic)
58 Orchids (of them 19 endemic)
3196 Dicotyledons (of them 287 endemic)
8 Microspecies (of them endemic)
670 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile (Rodriguez et al. 2018); Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur (Zuloaga et al. 2008)

Most recent flora

Flora de Chile (1995 ff., 5 vols. published, about 40 % complete); numerous regional floras and field guides
more species list checklist Desventuradas Isl. DSV 30 +53360
53All Species
36Indigenous Species
36Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
1 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
7 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
28 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
17 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile (Rodriguez et al. 2018)

Most recent flora

The flora of San Felix Island (Johnston 1931); Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands (Mueller-Dombois & Fosberg 1998)
more species list checklist Juan Fernandez Isl. JNF 181 +46624932
466All Species
249Indigenous Species
248Indigenous Species except Microspecies
32Endemic Species
32Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
6.9% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
55 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 26 endemic)
6 Basal Angiosperms (of them 5 endemic)
49 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
1 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
138 Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic)
1 Microspecies (of them endemic)
217 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile (Rodriguez et al. 2018); Catalogue of the vascular flora of the Robinson Crusoe or Juan Fernandez Islands (Marticorena 1998); Nouveau catalogue de la flore fasculaire de l'archipel Juan Fernández (Danton 2013, with corrections and additions 2017)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Helechos de Juan Fernandez (Barrera Moscoso 1997)
ANTARCTIC (9)
SUBANTARCTIC ISLANDS (90)
more species list checklist Macquarie Isl. MAQ 123 ++55480
55All Species
48Indigenous Species
48Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
6 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
14 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
2 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
26 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
7 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

An Annotated Check List of the Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic Vascular Flora (Greene & Walton 1975)

Most recent flora

Flora of Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2) (1993)
more species list checklist Campbell Isl. CMP 137 ++1381260
138All Species
126Indigenous Species
126Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
22 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic)
39 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
5 Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
60 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
12 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

An Annotated Check List of the Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic Vascular Flora (Greene & Walton 1975)

Most recent flora

Flora of New Zealand (1961-2000, 5 vols.)

Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes

Flora of New Zealand: Ferns and Lycophytes (Brownsey & Perrie, 2014, 2015) - various volumes; New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants (Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth 1989); A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species (Brownsey, Given & Lovis 1985)

Additional Reference Literature for Orchids

The Nature Guide to New Zealands Native Orchids (St. George 1999)
more species list checklist Heard & McDonald Isl. HMD 372 +13120
13All Species
12Indigenous Species
12Indigenous Species except Microspecies
0Endemic Species
0Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
0% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
4 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
8 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
1 Neophytes or Culture Escapes

Most recent checklist

An Annotated Check List of the Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic Vascular Flora (Greene & Walton 1975)

Most recent flora

Flora of Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2) (1993)
more species list checklist Marion & Prince Edward Isl. MPE 335 +38261
38All Species
26Indigenous Species
26Indigenous Species except Microspecies
1Endemic Species
1Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies)
2.6% Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies)
8 Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic)
7 Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
11 Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic)
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