Country Stats / Checklists

					Species Count in WorldPlants (might be incomplete)
Country or Region		Code	Surface Area (km²)	Status Checklist	All Species	Indigenous Species	Endemics
EUROPE (1)
NORTHERN EUROPE (10)
more species list checklist	Iceland	ICE	103.000	++	806	740	259
806 All Species 740 Indigenous Species 438 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 259 Endemic Species 9 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 37 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 135 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 7 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 560 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 256 endemic) 302 Microspecies (of them 250 endemic) 66 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Wasowicz, P. (2020): Annotated Checklist of Vascular Plants of Iceland Most recent flora A guide to the flowering plants and ferns of Iceland (Kristinsson 1998); Flora Nordica, vol. 1/2/6 (Jonsell, ed., 2000, 2001, 2010) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Jan Mayen Isl.	JMY	380	++	59	58	3
59 All Species 58 Indigenous Species 53 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 3 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 42 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 5 Microspecies (of them 3 endemic) 1 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora The flora of Jan Mayen (Lid 1964)
more species list checklist	Svalbard (incl. Bjornoya)	SVA	62.160	++	211	200	1
211 All Species 200 Indigenous Species 196 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 6 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 59 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 135 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 4 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 11 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora The Flora of Svalbard (Roenning 1964); Flora Nordica, vol. 1/2/6 (Jonsell, ed., 2000, 2001, 2010); Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1964-1993, 5 vols.)
more species list checklist	Faeroe Isl.	FOR	1.399	++	399	377	10
399 All Species 377 Indigenous Species 342 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 10 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 21 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 102 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 245 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 10 endemic) 35 Microspecies (of them 8 endemic) 22 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Jóhanson, J. (2010): Føroysk flora
more species list checklist	Great Britain (England, Scotland, Wales, Isle of Man, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., but excl. Channel Isl. and Northern Ireland)	GRB	244.110	++	3439	2492	653
3439 All Species 2492 Indigenous Species 1432 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 653 Endemic Species 50 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 79 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 350 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 48 Indigenous Orchids (of them 7 endemic) 2007 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 641 endemic) 1060 Microspecies (of them 603 endemic) 947 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Stroh, P. A. et al. (2023): Plant Atlas 2020 Most recent flora Flora of Great Britain and Ireland (5 vols., complete, Sell & Murrell 1997-2018); Concise Flora of the British Isles (Stace 2022, 5th ed.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Great Britain and Ireland (vol. 1, Sell & Murrell 2018); The illustrated field guide to ferns and allied plants of the British Isles (Jermy 1991) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Wild Orchids of Scotland (Allan, Woods & Clarks 1993); Orchidaceae. In: Flora of Great Britain, Ireland, Isle of Man and the Channel Islands, Vol. 5 (Sell & Murrell 1997); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Ireland (incl. Northern Ireland)	IRE	70.000	++	2112	1278	34
2112 All Species 1278 Indigenous Species 943 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 34 Endemic Species 9 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 63 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 231 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 30 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 948 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 30 endemic) 335 Microspecies (of them 25 endemic) 834 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Stroh, P. A. et al. (2023): Plant Atlas 2020 Most recent flora Webb's An Irish Flora, 8th ed. (Parnell & Curtis, ed., 2012); Flora of Great Britain and Ireland (5 vols., complete, Sell & Murrell 1997-2018); Concise Flora of the British Isles (Stace 2022) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Great Britain and Ireland (vol. 1, Sell & Murrell 2018); The illustrated field guide to ferns and allied plants of the British Isles (Jermy 1991) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids British & Irish Orchids: a field guide (Ettlinger 1976); A Guide to the Wild Orchids of Great Britain and Ireland (Lang 1989); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Denmark	DEN	43.094	++	1967	1664	68
1967 All Species 1664 Indigenous Species 1192 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 68 Endemic Species 9 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 48 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 289 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 39 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1281 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 65 endemic) 472 Microspecies (of them 59 endemic) 303 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Atlas Flora Danica (3 vols., Hartvig et al., ed., 2015) Most recent flora Dansk Flora (2nd udgave, Frederiksen et al. 2012); Flora Nordica, vol. 1/2/6 (Jonsell, ed., 2000, 2001, 2010, incomplete); Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1964-1993, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Dansk feltflora (Hansen 1981); Orchids of Scandinavia (2. ed., Johnson 1997); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Norway	NOR	385.639	++	4143	3801	1937
4143 All Species 3801 Indigenous Species 1334 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1937 Endemic Species 16 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 75 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 337 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 38 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 3341 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1935 endemic) 2467 Microspecies (of them 1921 endemic) 342 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Den Nya Nordiska Floran (Mossberg & Stenberg 2003); Norsk Flora (Lid et al. 2005); Flora Nordica, Vol. 1/2/6 (Jonsell, ed., 2000, 2001, 2010); Nordisk fjaellflora (Nilsson 1991); Flora över Dal (Andersson 1981); Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1964-1993, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Norsk, svensk, finsk flora (Lid, 5. ed. von Gjaerevoll 1985); Orkideer i Norden (Nylen 1984); Orchids of Scandinavia (2. ed., Johnson 1997); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Sweden	SWE	449.964	++	3923	3551	1282
3923 All Species 3551 Indigenous Species 1503 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1282 Endemic Species 28 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 64 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 380 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 44 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 3052 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1280 endemic) 2048 Microspecies (of them 1254 endemic) 372 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Mossberg & Stenberg (2003); Norsk Flora (Lid et al. 2005); Flora Nordica, vol. 1/2/6 (Jonsell, ed., 2000, 2001, 2010, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Norsk, svensk, finsk flora (Lid, 5. ed. von Gjaerevoll 1985); Orchids of Scandinavia (2. ed., Johnson 1997); Orkideer i Norden (Nylen 1984); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Finland	FIN	338.144	++	2580	2303	524
2580 All Species 2303 Indigenous Species 1110 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 524 Endemic Species 9 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 58 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 311 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 30 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1894 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 523 endemic) 1193 Microspecies (of them 515 endemic) 277 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland (Kurtto et al. 2020) Most recent flora Retkeilykasvio (Field Flora of Finnland) (Hämet-Ahti et al. 1998), Flora Fennica, vol. 1-3 (Lönnrotin 2002); Flora Nordica, vol. 1/2/6 (Jonsell, ed., 2000, 2001, 2010, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Norsk, svensk, finsk flora (Lid, 5. ed., Gjaerevoll 1985); Orchids of Scandinavia (2. ed., Johnson 1997); Kaemmekaet - Suomen orkideat (Korhonen & Vuokko 1987); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
MIDDLE EUROPE (11)
more species list checklist	Netherlands	NET	33.920	++	2047	1686	45
2047 All Species 1686 Indigenous Species 1274 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 45 Endemic Species 3 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 46 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 310 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 46 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1277 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 43 endemic) 412 Microspecies (of them 42 endemic) 361 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Neerlandica (Koniklijke Nederlandsche Botanische Vereeniging, 14 vols. published, incomplete); Heukels Flora van Nederland (23. Aufl., Mejden et al. 2005); De Nederlandse Oecologische Flora (5 vols., Weeda 2003); Nova Flora Neerlandica (Haveman et al., eds., 2022-, 1 vol. published) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora van Nederland (21. ed.) (Heuckels & van der Meijden 1990); De orchideen van Nederland - ecologie - verspreiding - bedreiging - beheer (Kreutz & Dekker 2000); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Belgium	BGM	30.688	++	2138	1724	22
2138 All Species 1724 Indigenous Species 1406 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 22 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 57 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 326 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 52 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 1281 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 21 endemic) 318 Microspecies (of them 20 endemic) 414 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Atlas van de Belgische en Luxemburgse flora (van Rompaey & Delvosalle 1972) Most recent flora Flore de Belgique (Verloove et al. 2023); Flore generale de Belgique (Lawalrée et al., 1952-1993); Verloove F. & Van Rossum F. (2023) – Flora van België, het Groothertogdom Luxemburg, Noord-Frankrijk en de aangrenzende gebieden ( Pteridofyten en Spermatofyten).. - 7th ed., 988 p. Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Les Orchidees de France, Belgique et Luxembourg (Bournerias et al. 1998); Orchidaceae Belgicae (Klopfenstein & Toussaint 1983-87); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Luxembourg	LUX	2.586	+	1363	1219	3
1363 All Species 1219 Indigenous Species 1107 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 48 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 234 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 41 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 890 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 112 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 144 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Atlas van de Belgische en Luxemburgse flora (van Rompaey & Delvosalle 1972) Most recent flora Verloove F. & Van Rossum F. (2023) – Flora van België, het Groothertogdom Luxemburg, Noord-Frankrijk en de aangrenzende gebieden ( Pteridofyten en Spermatofyten).. - 7th ed., 988 p. Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Online Atlas of the Pteridophytes of Luxembourg (www.pteridophytes.lu) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Die Orchideen Luxemburgs (Mangen et al. 1993); Les Orchidees de France, Belgique et Luxembourg (Bournerias et al. 1998)
more species list checklist	Germany	GER	356.970	++	6801	3796	504
6801 All Species 3796 Indigenous Species 2481 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 504 Endemic Species 80 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 88 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 9 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 540 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 21 endemic) 67 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 3083 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 477 endemic) 1315 Microspecies (of them 424 endemic) 3005 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Florenliste von Deutschland - Gefäßpflanzen. Version 14 (Hand et al. 2024, www.florenliste-deutschland.de) Most recent flora Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa (Hegi, ed., many volumes, 3rd ed., incomplete); Flora von Deutschland und angrenzender Länder (Schmeil/Fitschen) (92. Auflage 2003, ed. Senghas & Seybold); Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora, ed. 8 (Oberdorfer, Begr., 2001); Exkursionsflora von Deutschland (Rothmaler, Begr., 22. Aufl. 2021, ed. Jäger); Flora Germanica (Hassler & Muer, 2022, 2 vols.); Die Blütenpflanzen Mitteleuropas (Aichele & Schwegler 1994, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora von Deutschland und angrenzender Länder (Schmeil/Fitschen), (89. Auflage 1993, ed. Senghas & Seybold); Die Orchideen Mitteleuropas und der Alpen (Presser 1995); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Switzerland	SWI	41.285	++	3448	3046	185
3448 All Species 3046 Indigenous Species 2519 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 185 Endemic Species 65 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 90 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 10 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 493 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 64 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 2380 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 178 endemic) 527 Microspecies (of them 120 endemic) 402 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Juillerat, P. et auct. mult. (2017): Flora Helvetica. Checklist der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz. - 380 p. Most recent flora Lauber, K., Wagner, G. & Gygax, A. (2024): Flora Helvetica. Illustrierte Flora der Schweiz. - 7. Aufl., Haupt-Verlag, 1696 p.; Flora der Schweiz (3 vols., Hess et al. 1976-1980); Flora alpina (Vol. 1-3, Aeschimann et al. 2004); Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa (Hegi, ed., multiple volumes, 3rd ed. incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Die Orchideen Mitteleuropas und der Alpen (Presser 1994); Die Orchideen der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete (Reinhard et al. 1991); Die Orchideen der Schweiz (Danesch 1984); Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete (Hess, Landolt & Hirzel 1967-1970); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Liechtenstein	LIE	161	++	1425	1306	2
1425 All Species 1306 Indigenous Species 1275 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 46 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 243 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 40 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 967 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 31 Microspecies (of them endemic) 119 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora von Liechtenstein (Waldburger et al. 2003); Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol (3. Aufl., Fischer & Adler 2008); Flora alpina (Vol. 1-3, Aeschimann et al. 2004) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Die Orchideen Mitteleuropas und der Alpen (Presser 1994); Die Orchideen der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete (Reinhard et al. 1991); Die Orchideen der Schweiz (Danesch 1984); Flora der Schweiz und angrenzender Gebiete (Hess, Landolt & Hirzel 1967-1970); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Austria	AUT	83.858	++	3651	3245	170
3651 All Species 3245 Indigenous Species 2770 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 170 Endemic Species 86 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 81 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 11 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 537 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 75 Indigenous Orchids (of them 12 endemic) 2533 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 153 endemic) 475 Microspecies (of them 84 endemic) 406 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol (3. Aufl., Fischer & Adler 2008); Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa (Hegi, ed., many volumes, 3rd 3d. incomplete); Flora alpina (Vol. 1-3, Aeschimann et al. 2004) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Exkursionsflora von Österreich (Fischer, ed., 1994); Die Orchideen Mitteleuropas und der Alpen (Presser 1995); Wildwachsende Orchideen in Österreich (Redl 1996); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Poland	POL	312.684	++	2997	2687	65
2997 All Species 2687 Indigenous Species 2075 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 65 Endemic Species 18 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 69 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 436 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 48 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2117 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 63 endemic) 612 Microspecies (of them 47 endemic) 310 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flowering Plants and Pteridophytes of Poland. A Checklist (Mirez et al. 2002) Most recent flora Flora polska (Szafera, ed., 1919 - 1980, 14 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Poland (Szlachetko & Skakuj 1996); Storczyki Zachodniej Czesci Polskich Beskidow (Bernacki 1999); Orchidaceae. - In: Atlas Flory Polskiej i Ziem Osciennych, Vol. 5, pt. 1 (Madalski 1971); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Czech Republic	CZE	78.866	++	2720	2429	58
2720 All Species 2429 Indigenous Species 1980 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 58 Endemic Species 19 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 72 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 424 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 58 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 1859 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 55 endemic) 449 Microspecies (of them 39 endemic) 291 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic (Danihelka et al. 2012) Most recent flora Klič ke Květeně České republiky (Kubát, ed., 2002); Květena České (Socialistické) republiky (Slavík & Hejný, ed., 1988-2011, 8 vols., vol. 9 planned)) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideje nasi prirody (Prochazka & Velisek 1983); Orchid distribution and protection in Moravia and Silesia (Husak 1996); Verbreitung und Schutz der Orchideen in Mähren und Schlesien (Jatiova & Smitak 1997); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Slovakia	SLO	49.034	++	3310	2783	124
3310 All Species 2783 Indigenous Species 2452 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 124 Endemic Species 23 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 70 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 11 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 477 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 58 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 2160 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 120 endemic) 331 Microspecies (of them 101 endemic) 527 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist http://ibot.sav.sk/checklist/index.php (Marhold & Hindak) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideje nasi prirody (Prochazka & Velisek 1983); Orchid distribution and protection in Moravia and Silesia (Husak 1996); Verbreitung und Schutz der Orchideen in Mähren und Schlesien (Jatiova & Smitak 1997); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Hungary	HUN	93.030	++	2863	2363	82
2863 All Species 2363 Indigenous Species 2183 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 82 Endemic Species 22 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 58 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 6 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 458 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 59 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 1775 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 76 endemic) 180 Microspecies (of them 60 endemic) 500 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Distribution Atlas of Vascular Plants of Hungary (Bartha et al. 2015) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Vadon elo orchideak (Molnar, Sulyok & Videki 1995); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
SOUTH WESTERN EUROPE (12)
more species list checklist	Portugal (excl. Azores, Madeira)	POR	89.357	++	3028	2587	118
3028 All Species 2587 Indigenous Species 2528 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 118 Endemic Species 111 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 62 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 526 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 17 endemic) 53 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 1930 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 98 endemic) 59 Microspecies (of them 7 endemic) 441 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist da Flora de Portugal (Continental, Acores e Madeira) (Menezes de Sequeira et al. 2011) Most recent flora Flora Iberica (Castroviejo et al., eds., 1985-2021, 21 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Guia de helechos de la Peninsula Iberica y Baleares (Tierra 1990) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Iberica, vol. 21 (2005); The Orchid Flora of Portugal (Tyteca 1997); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Spain (mainland, excl. Baleares, Canary Isl. and African exclaves)	SPA	501.453	++	6610	5965	1582
6610 All Species 5965 Indigenous Species 5266 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1582 Endemic Species 1126 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 17 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 113 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 8 endemic) 21 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 4 endemic) 11 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 918 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 105 endemic) 93 Indigenous Orchids (of them 22 endemic) 4809 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1442 endemic) 699 Microspecies (of them 456 endemic) 645 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Iberica (Castroviejo et al., eds., 1985-2021, 21 vols., complete); Flora ornamental Espanola (Vol. 1-6, incomplete); Flora Valentina (G. M. Sanz et al., 2011-, 4 vols. published); Flora Vascular de Andalucia Occidental (Valdes et al., 3 vols., 1987); Flora Vascular de Andalucia Oriental (2nd ed., Blanca et al. 2011); Flora dels Paisons Catalans (Bolòs & Vigo, 1988-2001, 4 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Guia de helechos de la Peninsula Iberica y Baleares (Tierra 1990) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Iberica, vol. 21 (2005); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Andorra	ADO	468	++	1470	1405	3
1470 All Species 1405 Indigenous Species 1335 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 44 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 228 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 24 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1100 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 70 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 65 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Check-list i Llista vermella de la flora d'Andorra (Carrillo et al. 2008) Most recent flora Flowers of Andorra (Crozier & Matschke 1993); Flora Iberica (Castroviejo et al., eds., 1985-2021, 21 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Guia de helechos de la Peninsula Iberica y Baleares (Tierra 1990) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Iberica, vol. 21 (2005); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Gibraltar	GIB	7	++	668	569	1
668 All Species 569 Indigenous Species 568 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 11 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 101 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 444 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 99 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora The flowers of Gibraltar (Leslie et al. 1996) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Iberica, vol. 21 (2005); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Baleares	BAL	4.992	++	1660	1478	161
1660 All Species 1478 Indigenous Species 1411 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 161 Endemic Species 116 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 32 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 6 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 275 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 11 endemic) 39 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 1119 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 143 endemic) 67 Microspecies (of them 45 endemic) 182 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora de Mallorca (Vols. 1-4, Bonafe 1977-1980); Illustrated Flora of Mallorca (Beckett 1993); Flora Iberica (Castroviejo et al., eds., 1985-2021, 21 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Guia de helechos de la Peninsula Iberica y Baleares (Tierra 1990) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Iberica, vol. 21 (2005); Orquidacies. - In: Flora de Mallorca, Vol. 2 (Barcelo 1978); Petita guia de las Orquidies de les Balears (Alomar 1994); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	France (mainland, excl. Corsica)	FRA	535.285	++	8203	7378	2477
8203 All Species 7378 Indigenous Species 4457 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2477 Endemic Species 287 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 122 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic) 18 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 867 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 44 endemic) 109 Indigenous Orchids (of them 20 endemic) 6247 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2410 endemic) 2921 Microspecies (of them 2190 endemic) 825 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Index synonymique de la flore de France (Kerguélen 1993) Most recent flora Flora Gallica (Tison & de Foucault 2014, 2nd ed planned for 2025); Les quatres flores de France (4. ed., Fournier 1977); Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines (6. ed.) (Lambinon & Verloove 2012); Flora alpina (Vol. 1-3, Aeschimann et al. 2004) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Les Orchidees de France, Belgique et Luxembourg (Bournerias et al. 1998); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Monaco	MCO	2	-	243	164	0
243 All Species 164 Indigenous Species 163 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 7 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 17 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 139 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 79 Neophytes or Culture Escapes
more species list checklist	British Channel Isl.	CIS	198	+	1509	935	6
1509 All Species 935 Indigenous Species 834 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 6 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 33 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 184 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 17 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 698 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 6 endemic) 101 Microspecies (of them 4 endemic) 574 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vice-County Census Catalogue (Botanicalkeys.co.uk) Most recent flora Wildflowers of Alderney (Bonnard 2008); A flora of the Island of Jersey (Lester-Garland 1903); The Wild Flowers of Jersey (Shirreffs 2015)
more species list checklist	Corsica	COR	8.680	++	2276	2109	117
2276 All Species 2109 Indigenous Species 2047 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 117 Endemic Species 92 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 71 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 10 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 430 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 15 endemic) 56 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 1534 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 100 endemic) 62 Microspecies (of them 25 endemic) 167 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Corsica, 2ème ed. (Jeanmonod & Gamisans 2013); Les quatres flores de France (4. ed., Fournier 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Sardinia	SAR	23.318	++	2157	2013	166
2157 All Species 2013 Indigenous Species 1955 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 166 Endemic Species 126 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 50 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 390 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 7 endemic) 57 Indigenous Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 1499 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 154 endemic) 58 Microspecies (of them 40 endemic) 144 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An updated checklist of the vascular flora native to Italy (Bartolucci et al. 2018) Most recent flora Flora dell' Isola di Sardegna, Vol. 1-6 (Arrigoni 2006-2015); Flora Sarda / Piante Endemiche (Marras 2000); Flora d'Italia (2nd ed., Pignatti et al., 2017-2019, 4 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidee spontanee della Sardegna (Giotta & Picitto 1990); Orchidee spontanee della Sardegna (Scrugli 1991); Orchidee Spontanee d'Italia (Del Prete & Tosi 1988); Orchidaceae (Pignatti). In: Flora d'Italia (Rasetti 1982) Orchidee. Specie spontanee (Liverani 1991); Orchidacee d’Italia (Grünanger 2001); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
SOUTH EASTERN EUROPE (13)
more species list checklist	Italy (mainland) (incl. Elba Isl., Capri Isl.)	ITA	203.856	++	6172	5560	838
6172 All Species 5560 Indigenous Species 5038 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 838 Endemic Species 619 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 10 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 123 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic) 18 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 12 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 925 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 54 endemic) 150 Indigenous Orchids (of them 54 endemic) 4332 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 725 endemic) 522 Microspecies (of them 219 endemic) 612 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An updated checklist of the vascular flora native to Italy (Bartolucci et al. 2018) Most recent flora Flora d'Italia (2nd ed., Pignatti et al., 2017-2019, 4 vols.); Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol (3. Aufl., Fischer & Adler 2008); Flora Analitica della Toscana (Arrigoni, 2016-2021, 8 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Le Pteridofite d'Italia (Marchetti 2004) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidee Spontanee d'Italia (Del Prete & Tosi 1988); Orchidaceae (Pignatti). In: Flora d'Italia (Rasetti 1982); Orchidee d’Italia (Sguazzini & Glerean 1981); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Sicily	SIC	25.426	++	2626	2394	242
2626 All Species 2394 Indigenous Species 2331 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 242 Endemic Species 203 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 50 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 12 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic) 12 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 470 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 27 endemic) 67 Indigenous Orchids (of them 7 endemic) 1783 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 204 endemic) 63 Microspecies (of them 39 endemic) 232 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A catalogue of plants growing in Sicily (Giardina et al. 2007); Checklist of the vascular flora of Sicily (Raimondo, Domina & Spadaro 2010); An updated checklist of the vascular flora native to Italy (Bartolucci et al. 2018) Most recent flora Flora d'Italia (2nd ed., Pignatti et al., 2017-2019, 4 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidee Spontanee d'Italia (Del Prete & Tosi 1988); Orchidaceae (Pignatti). In: Flora d'Italia (Rasetti 1982); Orchidee d’Italia (Sguazzini & Glerean 1981); A catalogue of plants growing in Sicily (GIARDINA et al. 2007); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa, Linosa, Lampione)	PEL	25	+	522	502	10
522 All Species 502 Indigenous Species 498 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 10 Endemic Species 8 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 3 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 108 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 2 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 386 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 7 endemic) 4 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 20 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora e vegetazione dell'Isola di Lampedusa (Bartolo et al. 1988)
more species list checklist	Pantelleria Isl.	PTL	83	+	496	476	6
496 All Species 476 Indigenous Species 472 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 6 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 16 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 90 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 365 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 6 endemic) 4 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 20 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A catalogue of plants growing in Sicily (Giardina et al. 2007); Checklist of the vascular flora of Sicily (Raimondo, Domina & Spadaro 2010) Most recent flora Flora dell' Isola Pantelleria (Sommier 1922)
more species list checklist	Malta	MLT	316	++	889	799	19
889 All Species 799 Indigenous Species 794 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 19 Endemic Species 15 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 28 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 117 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 28 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 619 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 13 endemic) 5 Microspecies (of them 4 endemic) 90 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora A Flora of the Maltese Islands (Haslam, Sell & Wolseley 1977); Flora of the Maltese Islands (Casha 2018) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Le Orchidaceae dell'archipelago maltese (Bartolo et al. 2001); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	San Marino	SMA	61	+	1014	824	0
1014 All Species 824 Indigenous Species 822 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 14 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 150 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 27 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 629 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 2 Microspecies (of them endemic) 190 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flora vascolare della Repubblica di San Marino (Alessandrini et al. 2022); Flora della repubblica di San Marino (Pampanini 1930) [outdated]
more species list checklist	Slovenia	SLV	20.273	+	2996	2738	36
2996 All Species 2738 Indigenous Species 2634 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 36 Endemic Species 19 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 70 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 12 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 523 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 62 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 2062 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 34 endemic) 104 Microspecies (of them 17 endemic) 258 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Register flore Slovenije (Trpin & Vres 1995) Most recent flora Flora of Slovenia (iFlora - Plant Guide Book 22) (Tackenberg); Mala flora Slovenije, kljuc za dolocanje praprotnic in semenk (Martinic et al. 1999) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen in Jugoslawien (Gölz & Reinhard 1986); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Croatia	CRO	56.594	++	4343	3836	146
4343 All Species 3836 Indigenous Species 3692 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 146 Endemic Species 91 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 84 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 16 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 685 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 10 endemic) 84 Indigenous Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 2954 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 128 endemic) 144 Microspecies (of them 55 endemic) 507 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Nikolić T. ed. (2015): Flora Croatica Database (http://hirc.botanic.hr/fcd) Most recent flora Nikolić, T. (2019-2020): Flora Croatica. Vaskularna flora Republike Hrvatske. 4 vols. (complete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen in Jugoslawien (Gölz & Reinhard 1986); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Bosnia & Hercegovina	BIH	51.209	-	2827	2649	70
2827 All Species 2649 Indigenous Species 2581 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 70 Endemic Species 61 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 54 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 473 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 72 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2026 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 66 endemic) 68 Microspecies (of them 9 endemic) 178 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Bosne i Hercegovine (Beck 1903-1921, 1927, Beck & Maly 1950, Bjelčić 1967-1983, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Checklist of the Orchidaceae of Bosnia & Hercegovina (Sabanovic et al. 2021)
more species list checklist	Montenegro	MNT	13.812	o	2597	2516	38
2597 All Species 2516 Indigenous Species 2456 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 38 Endemic Species 29 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 67 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 443 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 49 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1932 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 36 endemic) 60 Microspecies (of them 9 endemic) 81 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Katalog Vaskularne Flora Crne Gore, Tom. 1 (Stesevic & Cakovic 2013) [incomplete] Most recent flora Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae (Rohlena 1942) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Die Orchideenflora Montenegros (Parolly 1991, in Mitt. Bl. AHO Bad.-Württ., Vol. 24); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Serbia	SRB	77.474	o	3124	2987	20
3124 All Species 2987 Indigenous Species 2934 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 20 Endemic Species 19 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 60 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 537 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 57 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2310 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 17 endemic) 53 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 137 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora of Serbia, Vol. 1 (Niketic & Tomovic 2018) [incomplete] Most recent flora Flora SR Srbije (Josifović 1970-1976, 1977; Sarić & Diklić 1986); Flora Srbije (Saric et al., eds., 1992; Stevanovic et al., eds., 2012) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen in Jugoslawien (Gölz & Reinhard 1986); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Kosovo	KOS	10.877	-	3124	2992	6
3124 All Species 2992 Indigenous Species 2940 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 6 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 61 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 549 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 57 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2301 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 4 endemic) 52 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 132 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora SR Srbije (Josifović 1970-1976, 1977; Sarić & Diklić 1986); Flora Srbije (Saric et al., eds., 1992; Stevanovic et al., eds., 2012); Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 1964-1993, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen in Jugoslawien (Gölz & Reinhard 1986); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	North Macedonia (Macedonia)	NMA	25.713	o	3042	2944	104
3042 All Species 2944 Indigenous Species 2867 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 104 Endemic Species 93 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 58 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 16 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 453 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 52 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2356 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 97 endemic) 77 Microspecies (of them 11 endemic) 98 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora na Republika Makedonija (Micevski et al. 1983-2006, Matevski 2010; 7 vols. published, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen in Jugoslawien (Gölz & Reinhard 1986); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Albania	ALB	28.748	+	3385	3244	70
3385 All Species 3244 Indigenous Species 3188 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 70 Endemic Species 55 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 56 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 16 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 583 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 8 endemic) 63 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2516 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 62 endemic) 56 Microspecies (of them 15 endemic) 141 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Distribution Atlas of Vascular Plants in Albania (Barina et al. 2017), Checklist of vascular plants of Albania (Barina et al. 2018); Atlas Florae Albanicae (Vangjeli 2017, 1 vol. published) Most recent flora Illustrated Flora of Albania (Pils 2016); Excursion Flora of Albania (Vangjeli 2015) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Illustrated Flora of Albania (Pils 2016); Die Orchideenflora Albaniens (Gölz & Reinhard 1984); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Romania	ROM	237.500	++	3483	3209	152
3483 All Species 3209 Indigenous Species 3037 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 152 Endemic Species 98 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 68 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 11 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 599 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 60 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 2465 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 142 endemic) 172 Microspecies (of them 54 endemic) 274 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Republicii Socialiste România (1952-1976, 13 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora Romaniei, Vol. II (Beldie 1979); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Bulgaria	BUL	110.994	++	3867	3667	258
3867 All Species 3667 Indigenous Species 3501 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 258 Endemic Species 180 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 62 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 14 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 12 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 618 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 16 endemic) 53 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2908 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 241 endemic) 166 Microspecies (of them 78 endemic) 200 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus of the Bulgarian vascular flora (Assyov et al., 4th ed. 2012) Most recent flora Flora Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae (Jordanov et al., 1963-2012, 11 vols.); Flora bulgarica (CD-ROM, 2003) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora von Bulgarien (Stojanow & Stafanov 1948); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	European Turkey	TUE	23.764	++	2058	1973	14
2058 All Species 1973 Indigenous Species 1958 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 14 Endemic Species 14 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 28 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 430 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 33 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1468 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 11 endemic) 15 Microspecies (of them endemic) 85 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Islands (Davis et al., eds., 1965-2000, 9 vols. + 2 supplement volumes, complete); Flowers of Turkey - A photo guide (Pils 2006) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Turkey and the east Aegaean Islands, Vol. 8 (Renz & Taubenheim 1984); Die Orchideen der Türkei (Kreutz 1999)+J73; Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Greece (incl. Kikladhes, Sporades, Ionian Isl., Korfu, Kithira, Andikithira, Samothraki and Limnos, excl. Crete and East Aegaean Isl. [see there])	GRC	123.600	++	5172	4802	862
5172 All Species 4802 Indigenous Species 4612 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 862 Endemic Species 769 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 14.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 67 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 21 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 15 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 854 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 115 endemic) 108 Indigenous Orchids (of them 25 endemic) 3737 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 719 endemic) 190 Microspecies (of them 93 endemic) 370 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vascular Plants of Greece. An Annotated Checklist (Dimopoulos et al. 2013, with supplement 2016); Atlas of the Aegaean Flora (Strid 2016); Atlas of the Hellenic Flora (Strid 2024) Most recent flora Flora Hellenica (Strid & Kit Tan (eds., 1997-2005, 3 vols. published, incomplete); Mountain Flora of Greece (Vol. 1/2, Strid, ed., 1989/1991, incomplete); Flowers of Greece (Lafranchis & Sfikas 2009, 2 vols., field guide) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Synopsis Flora Graecae: Orchidaceae (Diapulis 1995); The Orchids of Greece - Inventory and Review (Kalopissis 1988); Orchids of Greece (Lepper 1981); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Crete	KRI	8.336	++	1951	1781	194
1951 All Species 1781 Indigenous Species 1765 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 194 Endemic Species 189 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 9.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 39 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 7 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 357 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 30 endemic) 47 Indigenous Orchids (of them 8 endemic) 1326 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 155 endemic) 16 Microspecies (of them 5 endemic) 170 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vascular Plants of Greece. An Annotated Checklist (Dimopoulos et al. 2013, with supplement 2016); Atlas of the Hellenic Flora (Strid 2024) Most recent flora Exkursionsflora für Kreta (Jahn & Schönfelder 1995) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Die Orchideen von Kreta und Karpathos (Alibertis 1997) (engl. ed. 1998); Orchidaceae (Scheurer & Jahn). In: Exkursionsflora für Kreta (Jahn & Schönfelder 1995); Orchideen auf Kreta, Karpathos & Kasos (Kretzschmar & Eccarius 2001); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
EASTERN EUROPE (14)
more species list checklist	Estonia	EST	45.339	++	1957	1432	39
1957 All Species 1432 Indigenous Species 1140 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 39 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 47 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 268 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 36 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 1070 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 38 endemic) 292 Microspecies (of them 35 endemic) 525 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Atlas of the Estonian Flora 2020 (Kukk et al., 2021); Eesti Taimestik (Checklist of vascular plants) (Kukk 1999) Most recent flora Eesti NSV Floora (Flora of Estonian SSR, Vol. 1-11, 1953-1984); Flora baltijskich respublik (Laasimer et al. 1993, 1996, 2003) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Native orchids in Estonia (Kuusk 1996); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Latvia	LAT	64.589	++	1650	1330	4
1650 All Species 1330 Indigenous Species 1144 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 44 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 282 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 29 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 964 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 4 endemic) 186 Microspecies (of them 4 endemic) 320 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Latvijas vaskularo augu flora. Taksonu Saraksts (Gavrilova & Sulcs 1999, checklist) Most recent flora Latvias PSR Flora (Galenieka, P., ed., 1953-1959, in 4 vols., complete); Flora baltijskich respublik (Laasimer et al. 1993, 1996, 2003); Flora of Latvian vascular taxa (Gavrilova & Sulcs 1999) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Diversity, state and protection of Orchidaceae species in Lithuania (Gudzinskas 2001); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Lithuania	LIT	65.300	++	1543	1249	0
1543 All Species 1249 Indigenous Species 1155 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 38 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 282 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 32 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 886 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 94 Microspecies (of them endemic) 294 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Lietuvos Induociai augalai (Gudzinskas 1999, checklist) Most recent flora Lietuvos PSR Flora (Vols. 1-6, 1959-1980, complete); Flora baltijskich respublik (Laasimer et al. 1993, 1996, 2003) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Diversity, state and protection of Orchidaceae species in Lithuania (Gudzinskas 2001); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Belarus	BLR	207.595	+	1870	1514	4
1870 All Species 1514 Indigenous Species 1427 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 43 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 313 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 33 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1111 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 87 Microspecies (of them 3 endemic) 356 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Belarusi (Vol. 1-3, 2009-2017, incomplete, in total 6 vols. planned); Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions (Fedorov, ed., 11 vols., 1988-2007); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Russia (Tatarenko 1996); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (Czerepanov 2007); Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	European Russia (excl. Caucasus, incl. Kaliningrad region, Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya)	RUS	4.300.000	++	4657	4186	344
4657 All Species 4186 Indigenous Species 3530 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 344 Endemic Species 150 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 73 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 11 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 11 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 742 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 27 endemic) 51 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 3298 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 317 endemic) 656 Microspecies (of them 194 endemic) 471 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions (Fedorov, ed., 11 vols., 1988-2007); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Flora of the Russian Arctic (Tolmachev & Yurtsev, eds., 1995 ff.); many more regional floras (in Russian) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Russia (Tatarenko 1996); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (Czerepanov 2007); Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Orkhidei nachei strany (Vakhrameeva et al. 1991)
more species list checklist	Moldova (incl. Transnistria)	MLD	33.843	-	1007	911	3
1007 All Species 911 Indigenous Species 873 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3 Endemic Species 3 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 38 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 14 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 836 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 38 Microspecies (of them endemic) 96 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Basarabiei (Simonov et al., ed.), Vol. 1 (Ferns and Allies) (2011), Vol. 2 (Magnoliophyta) (2016), Vol. 4 (2023, not yet seen) [incomplete, in total 6 volumes are planned] Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Basarabiei (Simonov et al., ed.), Vol. 1 (Ferns and Allies) (2011) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Russia (Tatarenko 1996); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Ukraine (excl. Crimea)	UKR	577.720	++	3278	3013	115
3278 All Species 3013 Indigenous Species 2840 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 115 Endemic Species 97 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 61 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 571 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 17 endemic) 42 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2326 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 98 endemic) 173 Microspecies (of them 18 endemic) 265 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vascular plants of the Ukraine: a nomenclatural checklist (Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk 1999) Most recent flora Flora URSR [Flora of the Ukrainian SSSR], 1936 - 1965, 12 vols.; Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Flora Ukrainae Carpaticae (Chopik 2015) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Vasheka OV, Bezsmertna OO (2012). Ferns atlas of Ukrainian flora: monograf. Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Ukraine (Sobko 1989, in russian); Orchids of Russia (Tatarenko 1996); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (Czerepanov 2007); Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Crimea	KRY	26.080	++	2314	2137	106
2314 All Species 2137 Indigenous Species 2071 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 106 Endemic Species 81 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 38 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 364 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 10 endemic) 37 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1682 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 94 endemic) 66 Microspecies (of them 25 endemic) 177 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vascular plants of the Ukraine: a nomenclatural checklist (Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk 1999) Most recent flora Flora Kryma (Wulf., ed., 1927-1969, 10 vols. plus additions) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Vasheka OV, Bezsmertna OO (2012). Ferns atlas of Ukrainian flora: monograf. Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Checklist of the Orchids of Crimea (Fateryga & Kreutz 2014); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
AFRICA (2)
NORTHERN AFRICA (20)
more species list checklist	Morocco	MOR	453.730	++	4380	3959	823
4380 All Species 3959 Indigenous Species 3928 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 823 Endemic Species 816 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 18.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 68 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 15 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 715 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 80 endemic) 39 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 3115 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 737 endemic) 31 Microspecies (of them 7 endemic) 421 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.) Most recent flora Flore pratique du Maroc (Fennane et al. 1999-2015, 3 vols.); Flore vasculaire du Maroc, inventaire et chorologie (Fennane & Ibn Tattou, 2 vols., 2005-2007); Flore de l'Afrique du Nord (Maire et al., 1952-1987, 16 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Pteridophyta, in: Flore pratique du Maroc, Vol. 1 (Salvo & Ouyahya 1999) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Les orchidées du Maroc (Raynaud 1985); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Western Sahara	WSA	267.769	+	245	243	2
245 All Species 243 Indigenous Species 243 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 41 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 198 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 2 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue des plantes vasculaires de la Mauritanie et du Sahara occidental (Lebrun 1998) Most recent flora Flore de Mauritanie, Vol. 2 (Barry & Celles 1991); Flore et végétation du Sahara. 3. ed. (Ozenda 1991); Flore de l'Afrique du Nord (Maire et al., 1952-1987, 16 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)
more species list checklist	Algeria	ALG	2.381.740	++	3781	3434	243
3781 All Species 3434 Indigenous Species 3403 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 243 Endemic Species 234 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 55 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 17 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic) 10 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 633 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 29 endemic) 50 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 2669 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 206 endemic) 31 Microspecies (of them 9 endemic) 347 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.) Most recent flora Nouvelle Flore de l'Algerie (Quezel & Santa 1962/63, 2 vols.); Flore de l'Afrique du Nord (Maire et al., 1952-1987, 16 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
more species list checklist	Tunisia	TUN	164.418	++	2474	2270	76
2474 All Species 2270 Indigenous Species 2231 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 76 Endemic Species 50 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 40 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 445 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 35 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 1737 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 69 endemic) 39 Microspecies (of them 26 endemic) 204 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flore de Tunisie: Catalogue synonymique commente (Le Floc'h & Boulos 2008); Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.) Most recent flora Flore de la Tunisie (Pottier-Alapetite, ed., 1979-1984, 3 vols. + Atlas, complete); Flore de l'Afrique du Nord (Maire et al., 1952-1987, 16 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Orchidées de Tunisie (Valles & Valles-Lombard 1988)
more species list checklist	Libya	LBY	1.757.000	++	1947	1757	110
1947 All Species 1757 Indigenous Species 1747 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 110 Endemic Species 106 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 16 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 364 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 15 endemic) 9 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1355 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 93 endemic) 10 Microspecies (of them 4 endemic) 190 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Libya (Ali & Jafri, eds., 1976-1990, 150 vols., almost complete); Flore de l'Afrique du Nord (Maire et al., 1952-1987, 16 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Libya - Pteridophytes (1989) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Orchidaceae (Flora Libia, Fasc. 119) (Hossain & El-Gadi 1985); Zur Kenntnis der Orchideenflora der Cyrenaika (Libyen) (Baumann & Baumann 2001)
more species list checklist	Egypt (excl. Sinai peninsula)	EGY	878.000	++	1967	1818	36
1967 All Species 1818 Indigenous Species 1812 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 36 Endemic Species 36 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 12 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 394 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 1404 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 30 endemic) 6 Microspecies (of them endemic) 149 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Egypt (Boulos, ed., 1999-2005, 4 vols., complete); Flora of Egypt (Cairo University, 1981-1998, 9 vols. published, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Flora of Egypt, Vol. 1: Azollaceae - Oxalidaceae (Boulos 1999)
MACARONESIA (21)
more species list checklist	Azores	AZO	2.247	++	957	589	70
957 All Species 589 Indigenous Species 581 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 70 Endemic Species 68 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 50 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 139 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 12 endemic) 4 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 390 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 47 endemic) 8 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 368 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist da Flora de Portugal (Continental, Acores e Madeira) (Menezes de Sequeira et al. 2011); Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, 4. rev. ed. (Hansen & Sunding 1993); Catalogo das plantas vasculares dos Acores (Palhina 1966) Most recent flora Flora of the Azores (3rd ed., Schaefer et al. 2022, field guide) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora Europaea, Vol. 5 (Soó 1980); Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die Orchideen der Azoren (Frey 1977); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024)
more species list checklist	Madeira	MDR	741	++	1329	768	133
1329 All Species 768 Indigenous Species 757 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 133 Endemic Species 132 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 9.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 61 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 8 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 148 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 15 endemic) 4 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 546 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 106 endemic) 11 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 561 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist da Flora de Portugal (Continental, Acores e Madeira) (Menezes de Sequeira et al. 2011); Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, 4. rev. ed. (Hansen & Sunding 1993); Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Madeira (Press et al. 1994); Die Farne und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras (Muer et al. 2020); Flores Silvestres de las Islas Canarias (Bramwell & Bramwell 1974) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Flora of Madeira (Press 1994); Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Beitrag zur Kenntnis und Verbreitung der Orchideen von Madeira (Rückbrodt & Rückbrodt 1990); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024)
more species list checklist	Islas Selvagens (Salvajes Isl.)	SEL	3	++	109	95	7
109 All Species 95 Indigenous Species 95 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 7 Endemic Species 7 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 2 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 14 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 79 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 6 endemic) 14 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, 4. rev. ed. (Hansen & Sunding 1993); Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Madeira (Press et al. 1994); Die Farne und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras (Muer et al. 2020); Conspectus Floras Salvagicae (Monod 1990) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Flora of Madeira (Press 1994); Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Beitrag zur Kenntnis und Verbreitung der Orchideen von Madeira (Rückbrodt & Rückbrodt 1990); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024)
more species list checklist	Canary Isl.	CNY	7.273	++	2133	1591	641
2133 All Species 1591 Indigenous Species 1581 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 641 Endemic Species 638 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 29.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 54 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 249 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 35 endemic) 6 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 1272 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 593 endemic) 10 Microspecies (of them 3 endemic) 542 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, 4. rev. ed. (Hansen & Sunding 1993); Index Synonimique Flore d'Afrique du Nord (Dobignard & Chatelain, 2010-2013, 5 vols.) Most recent flora Sauerbier, H., Calixto, F. & Muer, T. (2023): Flora Vascular de Canarias; Exkursionsflora für die Kanarischen Inseln (Hohenester & Weiss 1993) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005); Exkursionsflora für die Kanarischen Inseln (Hohenester & Weiss 1993); Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Guide to the Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East (Kreutz 2024)
more species list checklist	Cape Verde Isl.	CVI	4.033	++	771	547	109
771 All Species 547 Indigenous Species 546 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 109 Endemic Species 108 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 14 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 36 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 139 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 13 endemic) 3 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 369 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 93 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 224 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, 4. rev. ed. (Hansen & Sunding 1993) Most recent flora Flora de Cabo Verde (Paiva et al., 1995-2002, 106 vols., ?complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes The Ferns and Fern-Allies (Pteridophyta) of the Cape Verde Islands (Lobin et al. 1998) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient (3rd ed., Delforge 2005)
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA (22)
more species list checklist	Mauritania	MTN	1.030.700	+	922	853	6
922 All Species 853 Indigenous Species 851 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 6 Endemic Species 6 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 11 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 239 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 596 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 5 endemic) 2 Microspecies (of them endemic) 69 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue des plantes vasculaires de la Mauritanie et du Sahara occidental (Lebrun 1998) Most recent flora Flore de Mauritanie (2 vols., Barry & Celles 1991); Flore et végétation du Sahara. 3. ed. (Ozenda 1991) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)
more species list checklist	Senegal	SEN	196.722	+	1905	1805	25
1905 All Species 1805 Indigenous Species 1805 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 25 Endemic Species 25 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 50 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 563 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 10 endemic) 40 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1139 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 15 endemic) 100 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Enumeration des plantes vasculaires du Senegal (Lebrun 1973) Most recent flora Flore illustrée du Sénégal (Berhaut, ed., 1971-1988, incomplete); Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931); Orchidaceae (van den Berghen). - In: Flore Illustree du Senegal, Vol. 9 (Berhault 1988)
more species list checklist	Gambia	GAM	11.295	o	1016	843	1
1016 All Species 843 Indigenous Species 843 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 14 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 245 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 558 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 173 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Gambian Biodiversity: A Provisional Checklist of all Species Recorded within the Gambia (Emms & Brummitt 2005) Most recent flora Flowering Plants of the Gambia (Jones 1994, only cursory overview) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist	Guinea-Bissau	GNB	36.125	++	1421	1340	4
1421 All Species 1340 Indigenous Species 1340 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 22 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 25 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 334 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 31 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 928 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 81 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of Guinea-Bissau (West Africa) (Catarino et al. 2008) Most recent flora Flora da Guiné-Bissau / Jardim e museu agrícola do Ultramar .. (7 vol., 1971-1983, incomplete); Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist	Guinea [Conakry]	GUI	245.857	++	3117	2799	114
3117 All Species 2799 Indigenous Species 2799 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 114 Endemic Species 114 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 166 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic) 46 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 635 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 30 endemic) 132 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1820 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 79 endemic) 318 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flore de la République de Guinée (Lisowski 2009); Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée (Lisowski 2011); Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist	Sierra Leone	SIE	71.740	o	2721	2584	55
2721 All Species 2584 Indigenous Species 2584 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 55 Endemic Species 55 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 138 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 63 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 578 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 15 endemic) 157 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 1648 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 36 endemic) 137 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist	Liberia	LBR	99.067	o	2251	2185	86
2251 All Species 2185 Indigenous Species 2184 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 86 Endemic Species 86 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 191 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic) 62 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 5 endemic) 381 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 148 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 1403 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 69 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 66 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Über die Farne Liberias (Westafrika), ihr Vorkommen und ihre Verbreitung (Kunkel 1962) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist	Mali	MLI	1.240.192	++	1898	1790	5
1898 All Species 1790 Indigenous Species 1790 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 5 Endemic Species 5 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 23 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 536 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 18 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1200 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 5 endemic) 108 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali (Boudet et al. 1986) Most recent flora Flore Illustrée du Burkina Faso et du Mali (César et al. 2024) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959)
more species list checklist	Burkina Faso	BKN	274.200	++	1767	1522	0
1767 All Species 1522 Indigenous Species 1522 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 16 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 497 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 981 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 245 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Burkina Faso (Lebrun et al. 1991); Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Burkina Faso (Thiombiano et al. 2012) Most recent flora Flore Illustrée du Burkina Faso et du Mali (César et al. 2024) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931);
more species list checklist	Ivory Coast	IVO	322.462	+	3559	3438	77
3559 All Species 3438 Indigenous Species 3438 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 77 Endemic Species 77 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 157 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 98 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 4 endemic) 707 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 10 endemic) 217 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 2259 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 60 endemic) 121 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flore de la Cote d'Ivoire: Catalogue systematique, biogeographie et ecologie (Ake-Assi 2001-2002) Most recent flora Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931); Les Orchidees de Cote d’Ivoire (Perez-Vera 2003)
more species list checklist	Ghana	GHA	238.500	o	3206	3048	42
3206 All Species 3048 Indigenous Species 3048 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 42 Endemic Species 42 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 156 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 69 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic) 688 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 160 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1974 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 32 endemic) 158 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes A list of the Gold Coast Pteridophyta (Adams & Alston 1955); Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist	Togo	TOG	56.785	++	2217	2035	17
2217 All Species 2035 Indigenous Species 2034 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 17 Endemic Species 17 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 89 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 28 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 534 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 80 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1304 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 14 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 182 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flore analytique du Togo (Brunel, ed., 1984); Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931); Flore analytique du Togo (Brunel & Butzin 1985)
more species list checklist	Benin	BEN	112.622	++	2686	2277	13
2686 All Species 2277 Indigenous Species 2277 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 13 Endemic Species 13 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 50 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 38 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 553 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 47 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1588 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 10 endemic) 409 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flore du Bénin (3 vols., Souza, ed., 2006-2009); Flore analytique du Benin (Akoegninou et al., eds., 2006); Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Flora of Benin, Vol. 1 (Souza 1987); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931)
more species list checklist	Niger	NGR	1.267.000	o	849	815	2
849 All Species 815 Indigenous Species 815 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 15 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 244 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 548 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 34 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Niger (Fabrègues & Lebrun 1976) Most recent flora Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.); Flore et végétation du Sahara. 3. ed. (Ozenda 1991) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)
more species list checklist	Nigeria	NGA	923.768	o	4745	4603	94
4745 All Species 4603 Indigenous Species 4602 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 94 Endemic Species 94 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 195 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 117 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic) 926 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 288 Indigenous Orchids (of them 12 endemic) 3074 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 68 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 142 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of West Tropical Africa (Hutchinson & Dalziel, eds., 1954-1972, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931); Orchids of Nigeria (Segerbäck et al. 1983)
WEST CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA (23)
more species list checklist	Cameroon (Cameroun)	CMN	475.442	+	7286	6837	864
7286 All Species 6837 Indigenous Species 6837 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 864 Endemic Species 864 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 11.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 278 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 6 endemic) 5 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 258 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 40 endemic) 1039 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 81 endemic) 411 Indigenous Orchids (of them 45 endemic) 4846 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 692 endemic) 449 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist The vascular plants of Cameroon: a taxonomic checklist (Onana 2011) Most recent flora Flore du Cameroun (Aubreville et al., ed., 1963 - 2022, 44 vols., still incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flore du Cameroun, Vol. 3 (Tardieu-Blot 1964); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953); The vascular plants of Cameroon: a taxonomic checklist (Onana 2011) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.); Flore du Cameroun, Vol. 34-36: Orchidaceae 1-3 (Szlachetko & Olszewski 1998/2001)
more species list checklist	Bioko Isl. (Fernando Poo)	BIO	2.017	+	1942	1735	41
1942 All Species 1735 Indigenous Species 1735 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 41 Endemic Species 41 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 212 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 64 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 260 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 135 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 1064 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 30 endemic) 207 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Velayos, M. et al. (2013): Preliminary Checklist of vascular plants of Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea) Most recent flora Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial (Velayos, ed., 2008 ff., 7 vols. published, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes The Pteridophyta of Bioko, Vol. 1-5 (Benl 1978-91) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.)
more species list checklist	Principe Isl.	PRI	146	+	525	406	20
525 All Species 406 Indigenous Species 406 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 20 Endemic Species 20 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 78 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 10 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 63 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 64 Indigenous Orchids (of them 7 endemic) 191 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 11 endemic) 119 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Annotated Catalogue of the flowering plants of Sao Tome and Principe (Figueiredo et al. 2011) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Catalogue of the vascular plants of S. Tome etc. (Exell 1944); Checklist of the ferns of Sao Tome and Principe (Internet) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of West Tropical Africa, Vol. 2 (Summerhayes 1931); Guide des Orchidees de Sao Tome et Principe (Stevart & de Oliveira (2000)
more species list checklist	Sao Tomé	SAO	855	+	1139	841	90
1139 All Species 841 Indigenous Species 841 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 90 Endemic Species 90 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 146 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 9 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 18 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 110 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 103 Indigenous Orchids (of them 22 endemic) 463 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 55 endemic) 298 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Annotated Catalogue of the flowering plants of Sao Tome and Principe (Figueiredo et al. 2011); Catalogue of the vascular plants of Sao Tome (Exell 1944/1956) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa (Alston 1959); Checklist of the ferns of Sao Tome and Principe (Internet) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.); Guide des Orchidees de Sao Tome et Principe (Stevart & de Oliveira (2000)
more species list checklist	Annobon Isl.	ANN	17	+	337	262	13
337 All Species 262 Indigenous Species 262 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 13 Endemic Species 13 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 47 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 47 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 25 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 138 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 8 endemic) 75 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Velayos, M. et al. (2016): Checklist of the Vascular plants of Annobon (Equatorial Guinea); Catalogue of the vascular plants of Sao Tome (Exell 1944/1956) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Velayos, M. et al. (2014): Checklist of the Vascular plants of Annobon (Equatorial Guinea); Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial, Vol. 1 (Velayos et al. 2008) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.)
more species list checklist	Equatorial Guinea (mainland [Rio Muni], excluding islands)	EQG	24.500	o	2093	2033	43
2093 All Species 2033 Indigenous Species 2033 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 43 Endemic Species 43 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 136 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 83 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 376 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 163 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 1273 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 36 endemic) 60 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of Equatorial Guinean Flora (Royal Jardin Botanico Madrid, Internet); some more checklists on family level Most recent flora Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial (Velayos, ed., 2008 ff., 7 vols. published, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial, Vol. 1 (Velayos et al. 2008) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.)
more species list checklist	Gabon	GAB	267.667	+	4780	4667	546
4780 All Species 4667 Indigenous Species 4667 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 546 Endemic Species 546 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 11.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 174 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 215 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 28 endemic) 589 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 42 endemic) 278 Indigenous Orchids (of them 21 endemic) 3409 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 453 endemic) 113 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Sosef et al. (2006): Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon Most recent flora Flore du Gabon (Aubreville et al., eds., 1961-2024, 63 vols. published, almost complete); Plantes à Fleurs du Gabon (Field Guide, J. P. Vande Weghe et al.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flore du Gabon, Vol. 8. Ptéridophytes (Tardieu-Blot 1964); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.)
more species list checklist	Congo [Brazzaville]	CON	342.000	+	4242	4091	73
4242 All Species 4091 Indigenous Species 4091 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 73 Endemic Species 73 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 209 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic) 5 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 165 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 4 endemic) 720 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 8 endemic) 166 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 2826 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 53 endemic) 151 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo (Sita & Moutsambote 1988); La flore des plantes vascularies de la Republique du Congo: nouvelles donnees (Lachenaud 2009) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.)
more species list checklist	Central African Republic	CAF	622.436	+	3579	3376	94
3579 All Species 3376 Indigenous Species 3376 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 94 Endemic Species 94 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 114 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 98 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 596 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 25 endemic) 157 Indigenous Orchids (of them 8 endemic) 2407 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 59 endemic) 203 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue de la flore de Centrafrique (Boulevert 1977-1984, 3 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Catalogue de la flore de Centrafrique (Boulevert 1977); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.)
more species list checklist	Cabinda	CAB	7.823	o	489	487	40
489 All Species 487 Indigenous Species 487 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 40 Endemic Species 40 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 8.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 35 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 9 endemic) 46 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 405 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 31 endemic) 2 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Plants of Angola (Figueiredo & Smith 2008) [Checklist] Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Conspectus florae angolensis: Pteridophyta (Schelpe 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.)
more species list checklist	D.R. Congo (Zaire)	ZAI	2.344.885	+	8958	8736	1464
8958 All Species 8736 Indigenous Species 8736 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1464 Endemic Species 1464 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 16.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 324 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 13 endemic) 13 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 186 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 25 endemic) 1315 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 177 endemic) 544 Indigenous Orchids (of them 53 endemic) 6354 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1194 endemic) 222 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flore d'Afrique Centrale (1948-2024, over 90% complete); Flora of Tropical East Africa (various volumes) - covers mountains in eastern part of the country Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Pteridophytes of the Upper Katanga (Kornas et al. 2000); A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Pteridophytes of Rwanda, Burundi and Kivu (Zaire), pts. I - II (Pichi Sermolli 1983, 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae of West-Central Africa (Szlachetko et al. 2010-2021, 3 vols.)
more species list checklist	Rwanda	RWA	26.338	+	2207	2159	66
2207 All Species 2159 Indigenous Species 2159 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 66 Endemic Species 66 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 198 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 7 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 25 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 398 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 203 Indigenous Orchids (of them 28 endemic) 1334 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 25 endemic) 48 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flore d'Afrique Centrale (1948-2024, over 90% complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Checklist of Lycopodiopsida and Polypodiopsida of Rwanda (Fischer & Lobin 2023); Flora of Tropical East Africa (various volumes) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae in: Flore de l'Afrique Centrale (Geerinck 1984/1992)
more species list checklist	Burundi	BUR	27.834	+	2083	2043	47
2083 All Species 2043 Indigenous Species 2043 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 47 Endemic Species 47 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 178 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 20 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 367 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 180 Indigenous Orchids (of them 8 endemic) 1297 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 33 endemic) 40 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flore d'Afrique Centrale (1948-2024, over 90% complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Pteridophytes of Rwanda, Burundi and Kivu (Zaire), pts. I - II (Pichi Sermolli 1983, 1985)) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae in: Flore de l'Afrique Centrale (Geerinck 1984/1992)
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA (24)
more species list checklist	Chad	CHA	1.284.000	++	2276	2046	18
2276 All Species 2046 Indigenous Species 2046 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 18 Endemic Species 18 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 38 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 17 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 613 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 10 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1364 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 13 endemic) 230 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis (Brundu 2013); Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Tchad meridional (Lebrun et al. 1972, with supplements 1976, 1977, 1986) Most recent flora Flore illustrée du Tchad (César & Chatelain 2019) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)
more species list checklist	Sudan	SUD	1.886.068	+	2150	2008	29
2150 All Species 2008 Indigenous Species 2008 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 29 Endemic Species 29 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 168 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 530 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 10 endemic) 12 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1287 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 19 endemic) 142 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Annotated checklist of the flowering plants of Sudan and South Sudan (Darbyshire et al. 2015) Most recent flora The flowering plants of the anglo-aegyptian Sudan (Andrews 1950-1956) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and the fern-allies of the Sudan (Macleay 1953); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)
more species list checklist	South Sudan	SSU	619.745	+	2818	2712	38
2818 All Species 2712 Indigenous Species 2712 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 38 Endemic Species 38 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 3 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 39 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 657 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 12 endemic) 73 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1935 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 25 endemic) 106 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Annotated checklist of the flowering plants of Sudan and South Sudan (Darbyshire et al. 2015); Flora of the Sudan-Uganda border area east of the Nile (part 1: Catalogue, Friis & Vollesen 1998) Most recent flora The flowering plants of the anglo-aegyptian Sudan (Andrews 1950-1956) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); The ferns and the fern-allies of the Sudan (Macleay 1953); Les Pteridophytes de l'Afrique Intertropicale Francaise (Tardieu-Blot 1953)
more species list checklist	Ethiopia	ETH	1.133.380	++	5070	4855	617
5070 All Species 4855 Indigenous Species 4855 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 617 Endemic Species 617 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 12.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 185 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 8 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 22 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 1064 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 108 endemic) 168 Indigenous Orchids (of them 24 endemic) 3412 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 477 endemic) 215 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea (1989 - 2009, 9 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Adumbratio Florae Aethiopicae (Pichi-Sermolli 1954 ff.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea, Vol. 6 (Cribb & Thomas 1997)
more species list checklist	Eritrea	ERI	121.144	++	1583	1529	23
1583 All Species 1529 Indigenous Species 1529 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 23 Endemic Species 23 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 29 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 419 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 10 endemic) 28 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1045 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 12 endemic) 54 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea (1989 - 2009, 9 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Adumbratio Florae Aethiopicae (Pichi-Sermolli 1954 ff.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea, Vol. 6 (Cribb & Thomas 1997)
more species list checklist	Djibouti	DJI	23.200	++	625	588	10
625 All Species 588 Indigenous Species 588 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 10 Endemic Species 10 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 13 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 129 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 440 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 8 endemic) 37 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue des plantes vasculaires de la République de Djibouti (Lebrun et al. 1990) Most recent flora Les Plantes Vasculaires de la République de Djibouti (Audru et al. 1994, 3 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Adumbratio Florae Aethiopicae (Pichi-Sermolli 1954 ff.)
more species list checklist	Somalia	SOM	637.700	++	2973	2909	739
2973 All Species 2909 Indigenous Species 2908 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 739 Endemic Species 739 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 24.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 40 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 18 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 564 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 108 endemic) 11 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2272 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 630 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 64 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist The plants of Somalia: an overview and checklist (Kuchar 1986) Most recent flora Flora of Somalia (Thulin, ed., 4 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1 (Thulin, ed., 1993) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae (Pettersson). - In: Flora of Somalia, Vol. 4 (Thulin 1995)
more species list checklist	Soqotra (incl. Abd-al-Kuri Isl., Samha Isl.)	SOC	3.579	++	822	782	309
822 All Species 782 Indigenous Species 781 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 309 Endemic Species 308 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 37.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 28 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 164 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 28 endemic) 4 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 583 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 280 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 40 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Ethnoflora of Soqotra (Miller & Morris 2004)
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA (25)
more species list checklist	Uganda	UGA	241.038	++	4608	4441	92
4608 All Species 4441 Indigenous Species 4440 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 92 Endemic Species 92 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 274 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 54 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 971 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 28 endemic) 297 Indigenous Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 2838 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 51 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 167 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flora of the Sudan-Uganda border area east of the Nile (part 1: Catalogue, Friis & Vollesen 1998) Most recent flora Flora of Tropical East Africa (complete in 286 volumes) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Pteridophytes of Tropical East Africa (Johns 1991, Checklist) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae: in Flora of Tropical East Africa (Summerhayes 1968, Cribb 1984, 1989)
more species list checklist	Kenya	KEN	582.646	++	6341	6086	574
6341 All Species 6086 Indigenous Species 6085 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 574 Endemic Species 574 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 9.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 286 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 70 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 5 endemic) 1273 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 100 endemic) 263 Indigenous Orchids (of them 16 endemic) 4186 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 447 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 255 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Tropical East Africa (complete in 286 volumes) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Pteridophytes of Tropical East Africa (Johns 1991, Checklist) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae in: Flora of Tropical East Africa (Summerhayes 1968, Cribb 1984, 1989); Orchids of Kenya (Stewart 1996)
more species list checklist	Tanzania (incl. Pemba Isl., Zanzibar)	TAN	945.268	++	9584	9289	1775
9584 All Species 9289 Indigenous Species 9289 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1775 Endemic Species 1775 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 18.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 407 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 27 endemic) 11 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 133 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 48 endemic) 1774 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 194 endemic) 554 Indigenous Orchids (of them 100 endemic) 6410 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1404 endemic) 295 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Tropical East Africa (complete in 286 volumes) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Pteridophytes of Tropical East Africa (Johns 1991, Checklist) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae in: Flora of Tropical East Africa (Summerhayes 1968, Cribb 1984, 1989)
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA (26)
more species list checklist	Angola (excl. Cabinda)	ANG	1.238.877	+	6468	6211	1224
6468 All Species 6211 Indigenous Species 6211 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1224 Endemic Species 1224 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 18.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 203 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 5 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 77 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 9 endemic) 1209 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 171 endemic) 212 Indigenous Orchids (of them 16 endemic) 4505 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1027 endemic) 257 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Plants of Angola (Figueiredo & Smith 2008) [Checklist] Most recent flora Conspectus florae Angolensis (Fernandes et al., eds., 1937-1993, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids A provisional checklist of the Orchidaceae of Angola (Schelpe 1976)
more species list checklist	Zambia	ZAM	752.614	++	6121	5901	433
6121 All Species 5901 Indigenous Species 5901 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 433 Endemic Species 433 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 177 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 54 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 4 endemic) 1203 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 107 endemic) 404 Indigenous Orchids (of them 26 endemic) 4060 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 294 endemic) 220 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A checklist of Zambian vascular plants (Phiri 2005) Most recent flora Flora Zambesiaca (Exell et al., eds., 1960-2024, 49 of 50 parts published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora Zambesiaca: Pteridophyta (1970); Distribution and ecology of the Pteridophytes in Zambia (Kornas 1978) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae in: Flora Zambesiaca (La Croix & Cribb 1995/98)
more species list checklist	Malawi	MLW	118.484	++	4416	4313	168
4416 All Species 4313 Indigenous Species 4313 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 168 Endemic Species 168 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 237 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 6 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 34 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 825 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 32 endemic) 410 Indigenous Orchids (of them 17 endemic) 2801 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 117 endemic) 103 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Zambesiaca (Exell et al., eds., 1960-2024, 49 of 50 parts published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora Zambesiaca: Pteridophyta (Schelpe 1970) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae in Flora Zambesiaca (La Croix & Cribb 1995/98)
more species list checklist	Zimbabwe	ZIM	390.759	++	5550	5102	248
5550 All Species 5102 Indigenous Species 5101 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 248 Endemic Species 248 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 277 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic) 9 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 39 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 960 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 41 endemic) 346 Indigenous Orchids (of them 18 endemic) 3471 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 184 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 448 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants (Mapaura 2004) Most recent flora Flora Zambesiaca (Exell et al., eds., 1960-2024, 49 of 50 parts published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora Zambesiaca: Pteridophyta (1970) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Zambesiaca: Orchidaceae (La Croix & Cribb 1995/98); A list of orchids indigenous in Rhodesia (Grosvenor 1976)
more species list checklist	Mozambique	MOZ	799.380	++	5583	5143	319
5583 All Species 5143 Indigenous Species 5143 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 319 Endemic Species 319 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 229 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 19 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 4 endemic) 58 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 6 endemic) 824 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 33 endemic) 209 Indigenous Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 3804 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 270 endemic) 440 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of Mozambique (da Silva et al. 2004) Most recent flora Flora Zambesiaca (Exell et al., eds., 1960-2024, 49 of 50 parts published); Flora de Mocambique (A. Fernandes, ed., 79 vols. published until 1980, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora Zambesiaca: Pteridophyta (1970) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids A Provisional Check-List of the Orchidaceae of Mozambique (Schelpe 1976)
SOUTH AFRICA (27)
more species list checklist	Namibia (incl. Caprivi Strip)	NAM	824.269	++	4083	3890	686
4083 All Species 3890 Indigenous Species 3887 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 686 Endemic Species 685 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 16.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 63 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 17 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 938 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 135 endemic) 17 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2854 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 549 endemic) 3 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 193 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A Checklist of Namibian Indigenous and Naturalised Plants (Klaassen & Kwembeya 2013); List of Namibian Plant Species (Kolberg et al. 1992) Most recent flora Prodromus einer Flora von Südwestafrica (Merxmüller 1966-1972, 167 families published, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Prodromus einer Flora von Südwestafrika, Lfg. 26 (Merxmüller, ed., 1969)
more species list checklist	Botswana	BOT	581.730	++	2639	2515	18
2639 All Species 2515 Indigenous Species 2515 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 18 Endemic Species 18 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 51 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 16 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 676 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 27 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1745 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 13 endemic) 124 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Preliminary checklist of the plants of Botswana (Setshogo 2005) Most recent flora Flora Zambesiaca (Exell et al., eds., 1960-2024, 49 of 50 parts published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flora Zambesiaca: Pteridophyta (Schelpe 1970); Ferns of Southern Africa (Crouch et al. 2012) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Zambesiaca: Orchidaceae (La Croix & Cribb 1995/98); Orchids of Southern Africa (Linder & Kurzweil 1999)
more species list checklist	South Africa	SAF	1.219.090	+	20382	19406	13247
20382 All Species 19406 Indigenous Species 19384 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 13247 Endemic Species 13239 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 65 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 277 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 37 endemic) 46 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 32 endemic) 42 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 6 endemic) 4632 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3217 endemic) 474 Indigenous Orchids (of them 266 endemic) 13935 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 9689 endemic) 22 Microspecies (of them 8 endemic) 976 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A checklist of South African Plants (Germishuizen et al. 2006); Plants of southern Africa. An annotated checklist (Roux 2003); Vascular Plants of Southern Africa: Names and Distribution (Arnold & de Wet 1993) Most recent flora Flora of southern Africa (1966 ff., 29 vols. published, very incomplete); A Flora of the eastern Cape (C. L. Bredenkamp, ed., 3 vols., 2019, complete); Many major monographs in the Series "Strelitzia". Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region (2 vols., Manning & Goldblatt 2012). Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Ferns of Southern Africa (Crouch et al. 2012); Flora of Southern Africa: Pteridophyta (Schelpe & Anthony 1986) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Southern Africa (Linder & Kurzweil 1999)
more species list checklist	Lesotho	LES	30.355	+	1788	1634	35
1788 All Species 1634 Indigenous Species 1632 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 35 Endemic Species 35 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 89 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 436 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 8 endemic) 62 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1045 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 27 endemic) 2 Microspecies (of them endemic) 154 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A checklist of South African Plants (Germishuizen et al. 2006); Plants of southern Africa. An annotated checklist (Roux 2003); Vascular Plants of Southern Africa: Names and Distribution (Arnold & de Wet 1993) Most recent flora Flora of Lesotho (Basutoland) (Guillarmod 1971); Flora of southern Africa (1966 ff., 29 vols. published, very incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Ferns of Southern Africa (Crouch et al. 2012); Flora of Southern Africa: Pteridophyta (Schelpe & Anthony 1986) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Southern Africa (Linder & Kurzweil 1999)
more species list checklist	Eswatini [Swaziland]	SWZ	17.363	+	2820	2667	41
2820 All Species 2667 Indigenous Species 2667 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 41 Endemic Species 41 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 109 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 12 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 18 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 648 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 91 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1789 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 28 endemic) 153 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A checklist of South African Plants (Germishuizen et al. 2006); Plants of southern Africa. An annotated checklist (Roux 2003); Vascular Plants of Southern Africa: Names and Distribution (Arnold & de Wet 1993) Most recent flora Flora of southern Africa (1966 ff., 29 vols. published, very incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Ferns of Southern Africa (Crouch et al. 2012); Flora of Southern Africa: Pteridophyta (Schelpe & Anthony 1986) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Flora of Swaziland: Orchidaceae (Compton 1976)
MIDDLE ATLANTIC OCEAN (28)
more species list checklist	Ascension Isl.	ASC	88	++	257	35	13
257 All Species 35 Indigenous Species 35 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 13 Endemic Species 13 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 17 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 7 endemic) 11 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 7 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 4 endemic) 222 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flowering Plants & Ferns of Ascension Isl. (Lambdon et al. 2023) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Farne auf atlantischen Inseln (Benl & Benl 1988)
more species list checklist	St. Helena	STH	122	++	490	99	51
490 All Species 99 Indigenous Species 99 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 51 Endemic Species 51 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 10.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 30 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 14 endemic) 27 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 42 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 31 endemic) 391 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist St. Helena: Checklist of endemic & indigenous plants (Clifton 1996) Most recent flora Flowering Plants & Ferns of St. Helena (Lambdon 2013); The Endemic Flora of St. Helena (Cronk 2000) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Farne auf atlantischen Inseln (Benl & Benl 1988)
INDIAN OCEAN (29)
more species list checklist	Madagascar	MDG	587.041	+	12245	11829	9924
12245 All Species 11829 Indigenous Species 11828 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 9924 Endemic Species 9924 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 81 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 720 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 383 endemic) 7 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 5 endemic) 361 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 342 endemic) 1565 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1038 endemic) 943 Indigenous Orchids (of them 815 endemic) 8233 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 7341 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 416 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar (www.tropicos.org) Most recent flora Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (H. Humbert, ed., 1937 ff., almost complete in ca. 180 volumes, but partially outdated) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, pt. 1-11,13 (Tardieu-Blot 1958-71), pt. 14 (Stefanovic et al. 1997) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The orchids of Madagascar: annotated checklist (Du Puy et al. 1999); Orchids of Madagascar, ed. 2 (Hermans 2007)
more species list checklist	Comores (incl. Mayotte)	COM	1.862	o	1060	996	219
1060 All Species 996 Indigenous Species 996 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 219 Endemic Species 219 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 20.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 168 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 11 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 21 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 11 endemic) 165 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 23 endemic) 89 Indigenous Orchids (of them 32 endemic) 552 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 142 endemic) 64 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flore de Madagascar et des Comores (H. Humbert, ed., 1937 ff., almost complete in ca. 180 volumes, but partially outdated) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, pt. 1-11,13 (Tardieu-Blot 1958-71), pt. 14 (Stefanovic et al. 1997) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The orchids of Madagascar: annotated checklist (Du Puy et al. 1999); Orchids of Madagascar, ed. 2 (Hermans 2007)
more species list checklist	Mozambique Channel Isl. (Îles Eparses p. p., incl. Île Europa, Juan de Nova Isl.)	MCI	36	+	169	85	1
169 All Species 85 Indigenous Species 84 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 3 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 17 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 63 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 84 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An updated account of the vascular flora of the Îles Eparses (Boullet et al. 2018) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, pt. 1-11,13 (Tardieu-Blot 1958-71), pt. 14 (Stefanovic et al. 1997)
more species list checklist	Mauritius (incl. Tromelin Isl., Cargados Carajos Isl.)	MAU	2.040	++	1959	1025	289
1959 All Species 1025 Indigenous Species 1025 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 289 Endemic Species 289 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 14.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 204 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 15 endemic) 24 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 14 endemic) 226 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 36 endemic) 92 Indigenous Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 479 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 215 endemic) 934 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Cargados Carajos Isl.: Renvoize, S. A. (1975): A Floristic Analysis of the Western Indian Ocean Coral Islands [only very few data for Agalega] Most recent flora Flore des Mascareignes (Bosser et al., eds., 1980-2023, 28 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Guide des Fougères et planes alliées des Mascareignes (Grangeaud 2010); Flore des Mascareignes, Pteridophytes. 1. Psilotacees - 26. Marsileacees. (Bosser, Badre & Gueho, eds., 2008) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flore des Mascareignes, 2 volumes for Orchidaceae (Hermans & Cribb 2023)
more species list checklist	La Réunion	REU	2.503	++	1818	1001	248
1818 All Species 1001 Indigenous Species 1001 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 248 Endemic Species 248 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 13.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 255 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 24 endemic) 16 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 6 endemic) 190 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 28 endemic) 167 Indigenous Orchids (of them 52 endemic) 373 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 138 endemic) 817 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flore des Mascareignes (Bosser et al., eds., 1980-2023, 28 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Guide des Fougères et planes alliées des Mascareignes (Grangeaud 2010); Flore des Mascareignes, Pteridophytes. 1. Psilotacees - 26. Marsileacees. (Bosser, Badre & Gueho, eds., 2008) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flore des Mascareignes, 2 volumes for Orchidaceae (Hermans & Cribb 2023)
more species list checklist	Rodrigues Isl.	ROD	109	++	434	223	49
434 All Species 223 Indigenous Species 223 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 49 Endemic Species 49 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 11.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 27 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic) 72 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 8 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 112 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 37 endemic) 211 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flore des Mascareignes (Bosser et al., eds., 1980-2023, 28 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Guide des Fougères et planes alliées des Mascareignes (Grangeaud 2010); Flore des Mascareignes, Pteridophytes. 1. Psilotacees - 26. Marsileacees. (Bosser, Badre & Gueho, eds., 2008) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flore des Mascareignes, 2 volumes for Orchidaceae (Hermans & Cribb 2023)
more species list checklist	Agalega Isl.	AGA	24	o	126	52	0
126 All Species 52 Indigenous Species 52 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 5 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 19 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 25 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 74 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Renvoize, S. A. (1975): A Floristic Analysis of the Western Indian Ocean Coral Islands [only very few data for Agalega] Most recent flora Bouton, M. L. (1871): Lettre de l'Île Agalega par Bojer... - Transactions of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius, New Ser. 5: 132-140.
more species list checklist	Îles Glorieuses (Îles Eparses p. p.)	IGL	7	+	129	63	0
129 All Species 63 Indigenous Species 62 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 5 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 39 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 66 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An updated account of the vascular flora of the Îles Eparses (Boullet et al. 2018) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009); Les Fougères des Mascareignes et des Seychelles (Tardieu-Blot 1960)
more species list checklist	Aldabra (incl. Asuncio Isl., Cosmoledo Isl., Astove Isl., St. Pierre Isl., Providence Isl., Farquhar Isl.)	ALD	155	+	241	193	22
241 All Species 193 Indigenous Species 192 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 22 Endemic Species 22 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 9.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 3 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 59 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 2 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 127 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 13 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 48 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Renvoize, S. A. (1975): A Floristic Analysis of the Western Indian Ocean Coral Islands Most recent flora Flora of Aldabra (Hemsley 1919)
more species list checklist	Seychelles (also including outlier islands: Remire Isl., Desroches Isl., Darros Isl., Coetivy Isl.)	SEY	300	+	808	403	81
808 All Species 403 Indigenous Species 403 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 81 Endemic Species 81 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 10 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 90 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 13 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 121 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 19 endemic) 22 Indigenous Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 165 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 43 endemic) 405 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Outlier Islands: Renvoize, S. A. (1975): A Floristic Analysis of the Western Indian Ocean Coral Islands Most recent flora Flore des Seychelles: dicotyledones (Friedmann 1994); Flowering Plants of Seychelles (Robertson 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Les Fougères des Mascareignes et des Seychelles (Tardieu-Blot 1960); Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)
more species list checklist	Chagos Arch. (Diego Garcia)	CGS	30	++	181	68	2
181 All Species 68 Indigenous Species 68 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 9 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 42 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 113 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An annotated checklist of the flora of Diego Garcia (Topp 1988)
TEMPERATE ASIA (3)
SIBERIA (30)
more species list checklist	Siberia (incl. Altay, Sayan, Tuva, Krasnoyarsk, Buryatia, Chita, Transbaikalia, Yakutia, Irkutsk, NE-Siberia)	SIB	10.600.000	+	4910	4643	711
4910 All Species 4643 Indigenous Species 4417 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 711 Endemic Species 640 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 13 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 98 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 10 endemic) 24 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 955 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 112 endemic) 45 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 3512 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 587 endemic) 226 Microspecies (of them 71 endemic) 267 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (Czerepanov 2007, Checklist) Most recent flora Flora of the USSR / chief ed. V. L. Komarov (30 vols., 1934-1964); Flora of the Russian Arctic (Tolmachev & Yurtsev, eds., 1995 ff., 3 vols. published); Flora of Siberia (Malychev, ed., 2000 ff., 14 vols., to be continued); Vascular Plants of the Russian Far East (Kharkevich, ed., 2003 ff., 1 vol. published); numerous regional floras (in Russian) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968)
RUSSIAN FAR EAST (31)
more species list checklist	Russian Far East (Sakhalin, Amur, Ussuri, Okhotsk, Kuril Isl., Kamchatka, Commander Isl., Primorye, Khabarovsk, Magadan, Wrangell Isl.)	RFE	2.500.000	+	4328	3700	642
4328 All Species 3700 Indigenous Species 3684 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 642 Endemic Species 636 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 14.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 144 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 8 endemic) 27 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 5 endemic) 16 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 932 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 146 endemic) 66 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 2515 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 481 endemic) 16 Microspecies (of them 6 endemic) 628 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (Czerepanov 2007, Checklist) Most recent flora Flora of the USSR / chief ed. V. L. Komarov (30 vols., 1934-1964); Flora of the Russian Arctic (Tolmachev & Yurtsev, eds., 1995 ff., 3 vols. published); Flora of Siberia (Malychev, ed., 2000 ff., 14 vols., to be continued); Vascular Plants of the Russian Far East (Kharkevich, ed., 2003 ff., 1 vol. published); Flora murmanskoj oblasti (Kirova, 5 vols., 1953-1966); Flora i paleogeografija Komandoskikh ostrovov (Vasil'ev 1957); Plants of the Kuril Islands (Takahashi 2015); numerous regional floras (in Russian) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968)
MIDDLE ASIA (32)
more species list checklist	Kazakhstan	KAZ	2.717.300	+	5383	5187	555
5383 All Species 5187 Indigenous Species 5129 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 555 Endemic Species 546 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 10.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 59 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 20 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 887 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 70 endemic) 24 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 4188 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 485 endemic) 58 Microspecies (of them 9 endemic) 196 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of vascular plants of Kazakhstan (Abdulina 1999) Most recent flora Flora Kazakhstana (Pavlov, etc., 1956-1966, 9 vols., complete); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Plants of Central Asia (Grubov, ed., 1999 ff., 16 vols. published) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Kazakhstan SSR (Kuznetzov & Pavlov 1958); Plants of Central Asia, Vol. 7 (2003) (Grubov, ed.)
more species list checklist	Turkmenistan	TKM	488.100	+	2944	2749	204
2944 All Species 2749 Indigenous Species 2739 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 204 Endemic Species 203 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 21 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 11 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 501 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 23 endemic) 16 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 2199 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 180 endemic) 10 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 195 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Plants of Central Asia (Grubov, ed., 1999 ff., 16 vols. published); Flora Turkmenii (Fedtschenko et al., eds., 7 vols., 1932-60); Flora Iranica (Rechinger, ed., 1963-2010); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Opredelitelja Rastenii Turkmenistana (Key to the Plants of Turkmenistan) (Nikitin & Geldichanov 1988) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Flora Iranica, Vol. 126 (Renz 1978) (Kopet Dagh only)
more species list checklist	Uzbekistan	UZB	447.700	o	4411	3990	281
4411 All Species 3990 Indigenous Species 3972 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 281 Endemic Species 281 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 20 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 732 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 60 endemic) 10 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 3209 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 221 endemic) 18 Microspecies (of them endemic) 421 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Sennikov et al. (Checklist, in prep.) Most recent flora Flora of Uzbekistan (Sennikov, ed., 3 vols. published, 2017-2019), Flora Uzbekistana (Schreder et al., eds., 1953-62, 6 vols., complete); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Plants of Central Asia (Grubov, ed., 1999 ff., 16 vols. published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Uzbekistana, Vol. 1 (Schreder et al. 1953) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Orchidaceae (Czerniakowska). - In: Flora Uzbekistanica I (Schreiber, ed., 1941); Plants of Central Asia, Vol. 7 (2003) (Grubov, ed.)
more species list checklist	Kyrgyzstan (Kirgisia)	KGZ	198.500	+	3995	3860	316
3995 All Species 3860 Indigenous Species 3829 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 316 Endemic Species 315 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 32 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 673 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 48 endemic) 15 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 3125 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 268 endemic) 31 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 135 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan (Lazkov & Sultanova 2011) Most recent flora Flora Kirghiszkoj SSR (11 vols., 1950-1965, complete), Flora Kirghiszkoj SSR (new version, Vykhotsev, ed., 1967-70, incomplete); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Plants of Central Asia (Grubov, ed., 1999 ff., 16 vols. published) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Kirgistan III (Shishkin & Vvedensky 1951); Plants of Central Asia, Vol. 7 (2003) (Grubov, ed.)
more species list checklist	Tajikistan	TZK	143.100	o	4820	4506	534
4820 All Species 4506 Indigenous Species 4486 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 534 Endemic Species 531 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 11 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 30 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 16 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 752 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 58 endemic) 12 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 3695 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 476 endemic) 20 Microspecies (of them 3 endemic) 314 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas (Nowak & Nobis 2020, only about 30% of species covered); Flora Tadzikskoj SSR (Ovchinnikov et al., ed., 1957 - 1991, complete, 10 vols.); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Plants of Central Asia (Grubov, ed., 1999 ff., 16 vols. published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Tadjikskoj SSSR, Vol. 1 (Ovchinnikov 1957) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Tadshikistan (Ovchinnikov 1963); Plants of Central Asia, Vol. 7 (2003) (Grubov, ed.)
CAUCASUS (33)
more species list checklist	Northern Caucasus (incl. Chechnya, Daghestan, etc.)	NCS	200.000	+	4186	3943	400
4186 All Species 3943 Indigenous Species 3841 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 400 Endemic Species 363 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 8.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 75 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 12 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 744 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 35 endemic) 48 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 3055 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 364 endemic) 102 Microspecies (of them 37 endemic) 243 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Caucasian Flora Conspectus (Takhtajan 2003-2012) (4 of 5 volumes published) Most recent flora Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Flora Kavkaza (Grossgeim, ed., 7 vols., 1939-1967) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Russia (Tatarenko 1996); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (Czerepanov 2007); Orchidaceae (Smoljaninova 1976). In: Flora of Russia, Vol. II (Fedorov, ed., engl. ed. 1999); Orkhidei nachei strany (Vakhrameeva et al. 1991)
more species list checklist	Gruziya [Georgia - Caucasus] (incl. Abkhazia, Adzharia)	GEO	69.700	+	4005	3728	243
4005 All Species 3728 Indigenous Species 3615 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 243 Endemic Species 205 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 78 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 11 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 679 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 17 endemic) 51 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 2900 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 225 endemic) 113 Microspecies (of them 38 endemic) 277 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vascular Plants of Georgia - A Nomenclatural Checklist (Gagnidze 2005); Conspectus Flora Kavkaza (Takhtajan 2003-2012, 4 of 5 vols. published) Most recent flora Flora Gruzii (in Georgian) (1971-2007, 15 vols., complete); Flora Abhazii (Kolakovskij, 1980-1986, 4 vols.), Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Illustrated Field Guide to the Flora of Georgia (South Caucasus) (Fischer et al. 2018); Flora Kavkaza (Grossgeim, ed., 7 vols., 1939-1967) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Vascular Plants of Georgia - A Nomenclatural Checklist (Gagnidze 2005)
more species list checklist	Armenia	ARM	29.800	+	3529	3444	153
3529 All Species 3444 Indigenous Species 3381 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 153 Endemic Species 144 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 47 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 640 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 18 endemic) 39 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2703 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 135 endemic) 63 Microspecies (of them 9 endemic) 85 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the Flora of Armenia (Saghatelyan, unpubl.); Caucasian Flora Conspectus (Takhtajan 2003-2012) (4 of 5 volumes published) Most recent flora Flora Armenii (ed. A. L. Tahtadzjiana) (11 vols., complete, 1954-2011); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Flora Iranica, Vol. 126 (Renz 1978) [S-Aserbaidshan, Talysh-Region]
more species list checklist	Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh, incl. Nakhichevan)	AZE	81.100	+	3768	3599	134
3768 All Species 3599 Indigenous Species 3551 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 134 Endemic Species 131 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 58 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 10 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 717 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 15 endemic) 40 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2767 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 118 endemic) 48 Microspecies (of them 3 endemic) 169 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Caucasian Flora Conspectus (Takhtajan 2003-2012) (4 of 5 volumes published) Most recent flora Flora Azerbaidzana (2 vols. published, 1953-1957); Flora of the USSR (Komarov et al., 1934-1964); Flora Kavkaza (Grossgeim, ed., 7 vols., 1939-1967) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the U.S.S.R., Bd. IV (Nevskii 1935/1968); Flora Iranica, Vol. 126 (Renz 1978) [Talysh region only]; Orchidaceae (Karjagin). - In: Flora of Aserbaidshan II (1952)
WESTERN ASIA (34)
more species list checklist	Eastern Aegaean Islands (Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Ikaria, Dodecanese, Kos, Nisyros, Tilos, Symi, Chalki, Rhodos, Karpathos, Kasos)	EAI	7.000	++	2414	2205	80
2414 All Species 2205 Indigenous Species 2178 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 80 Endemic Species 78 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 35 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 11 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 11 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 439 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 12 endemic) 65 Indigenous Orchids (of them 7 endemic) 1644 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 61 endemic) 27 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 209 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Atlas of the Aegaean Flora (Strid 2016); Atlas of the Hellenic Flora (Strid 2024); Checklist of Greece (Dimopoulos et al. 2013, 2016); Checklist updating and analysis of the flora of Symi island and of the nearby island of Seskli (Cattaneo & Grano 2019) Most recent flora Flora Hellenica (Strid & Kit Tan, eds., 1997 ff.); Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Islands (Davis et al., eds., 1965-2000); Flora von Rhodos and Chalki (Kleinsteuber et al., vol. 1, 2016) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Turkey and the east Aegaean Islands, Vol. 8 (Renz & Taubenheim 1984); Die Orchideen von Kreta und Karpathos (Alibertis 1997); Orchideen auf Rhodos (Kretzschmar & Eccarius 2001); Orchideen auf Kreta, Karpathos & Kasos (Kretzschmar & Eccarius 2001)
more species list checklist	Turkey (excl. European Turkey)	TUR	756.816	++	10112	9905	3914
10112 All Species 9905 Indigenous Species 9750 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3914 Endemic Species 3856 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 38.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 89 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 7 endemic) 20 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 4 endemic) 32 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 11 endemic) 1670 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 626 endemic) 98 Indigenous Orchids (of them 15 endemic) 7996 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3251 endemic) 155 Microspecies (of them 58 endemic) 207 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Islands (Davis et al., eds., 1965-2000, 9 vols. + 2 supplement volumes, complete); Flowers of Turkey - A photo guide (Pils 2006) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Turkey and the east Aegaean Islands, Vol. 8 (Renz & Taubenheim 1984); Die Orchideen der Türkei (Kreutz 1999); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Turkey, Vol. 11 (Supplement (Kreutz 2000); Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982)
more species list checklist	Iraq	IRQ	438.317	+	3028	2973	189
3028 All Species 2973 Indigenous Species 2960 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 189 Endemic Species 186 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 18 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 561 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 15 endemic) 20 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 2363 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 173 endemic) 13 Microspecies (of them 3 endemic) 55 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Iraq (1966-2019, almost complete); Flora of Lowland Iraq (Rechinger, ed., 1964) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Iraq, Vol. 8 (Wood 1985)
more species list checklist	Iran	IRN	1.648.000	++	8074	7992	2834
8074 All Species 7992 Indigenous Species 7930 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2834 Endemic Species 2809 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 34.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 61 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 18 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 5 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 1054 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 208 endemic) 46 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 6807 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2617 endemic) 62 Microspecies (of them 25 endemic) 82 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Iranica (Rechinger, ed., 1963-2015, 181 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Iranica, Vol. 126 (Renz 1978)
more species list checklist	Afghanistan	AFG	652.225	++	4397	4283	891
4397 All Species 4283 Indigenous Species 4275 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 891 Endemic Species 891 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 20.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 50 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 22 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 714 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 62 endemic) 14 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 3481 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 829 endemic) 8 Microspecies (of them endemic) 114 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vascular plants of Afghanistan: an augmented checklist (Breckle et al. 2013); Checklist of the Flowering plants of Afghanistan (Podlech 2012) Most recent flora Flora Iranica (Rechinger, ed., 1963-2015, 181 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Iranica, Vol. 126 (Renz 1978)
more species list checklist	Cyprus	CYP	9.251	++	1716	1623	141
1716 All Species 1623 Indigenous Species 1608 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 141 Endemic Species 135 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 25 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 321 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 25 endemic) 40 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 1226 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 110 endemic) 15 Microspecies (of them 6 endemic) 93 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Cyprus, Vol. 1/2 (Meikle 1977, 1985); An Illustrated Flora of North Cyprus, Vol. 2 (Viney 1996); Illustrated Flora of Cyprus (Christofides 2017, field guide) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Orchidaceae (J. J. Wood). - In: Flora of Cyprus, Vol. 2 (Meikle 1985); Orchids of Cyprus (Morschek & Morschek 1996)
more species list checklist	Lebanon	LEB	10.230	++	2722	2646	138
2722 All Species 2646 Indigenous Species 2634 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 138 Endemic Species 133 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 36 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 11 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 474 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 22 endemic) 33 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 2084 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 112 endemic) 12 Microspecies (of them 5 endemic) 76 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.) Most recent flora Illustrated Flora of Lebanon (G. & H. Tolme, 2007-2014, 2 vols.); Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie (Mouterde, 1966/1970, 2 vols. text + 2 vols. atlas) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie I (Mouterde 1966); Die Orchideen der Levante (Fragman & Kretzschmar, in prep.)
more species list checklist	Syria	SYR	185.180	++	2917	2868	105
2917 All Species 2868 Indigenous Species 2859 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 105 Endemic Species 105 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 24 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 12 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 484 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 28 endemic) 37 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 2301 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 76 endemic) 9 Microspecies (of them endemic) 49 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.) Most recent flora Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie (Mouterde, 1966/1970) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie, Vol. I (Mouterde 1966); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982)
more species list checklist	Israel + Palestine	ISR	21.946	++	2465	2348	78
2465 All Species 2348 Indigenous Species 2342 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 78 Endemic Species 76 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 21 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 477 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 19 endemic) 30 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1803 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 57 endemic) 6 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 117 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist and ecological data-base of the Flora of Israel (Fragman et al. 1999) Most recent flora Flora Palaestina (4 + 4 vols., 1966-1987, complete), Analytical Flora of Eretz-Israel (Feinbrun-Dothan & Danin 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Annotated List of the Orchids of Israel (Dafni et al. 1986); Orchids of Israel (Dafni 1981); Flora Palestina, pt. IV (Feinbrun-Dothan 1986)
more species list checklist	Sinai peninsula	SIN	61.000	++	1343	1303	36
1343 All Species 1303 Indigenous Species 1303 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 36 Endemic Species 36 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 7 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 264 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1022 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 35 endemic) 40 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Egypt (Boulos, ed., 1999-2005) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchideen - Die wildwachsenden Arten und Unterarten Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas (Buttler 1986); Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas (Baumann & Künkele 1982); Flora of Egypt, Vol. 1: Azollaceae - Oxalidaceae (Boulos 1999)
more species list checklist	Jordania	JOR	89.556	+	1637	1605	31
1637 All Species 1605 Indigenous Species 1601 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 31 Endemic Species 31 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 7 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 277 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 15 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1299 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 25 endemic) 4 Microspecies (of them endemic) 32 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist The Plants of Jordan. An annotated Checklist (Taifour & El-Oqlah 2017) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Jordan (Al-Eisawi 1986)
ARABIAN PENINSULA (35)
more species list checklist	Saudi Arabia	SAU	2.240.000	+	2144	2045	92
2144 All Species 2045 Indigenous Species 2045 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 92 Endemic Species 92 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 27 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 11 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 407 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 22 endemic) 5 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1589 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 70 endemic) 99 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.) Most recent flora Flora of Saudi-Arabia (3 vols., 3rd ed., Migahid 1988-1989); Flora of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (3 vols. in 5 parts, Chaudhary, ed., 2001-2007); Flora of Eastern Saudi-Arabia (Mandaville 1990) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Arabia (Cribb 1979, in Kew Bull. 33); New records of Orchidaceae for Arabia (Cribb 1986); Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.), Vol. 6 (Heller & Heyn 1991); Flora of Eastern Saudi-Arabia (MANDAVILLE 1990); Orchidaceae, in: Flora of Saudi-Arabia, 3. Aufl. (MIGAHID 1989)
more species list checklist	Kuwait	KUW	17.820	++	446	430	1
446 All Species 430 Indigenous Species 430 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 93 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 334 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 16 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the Flora of Kuwait (Boulos & Al-Dosari 1994) Most recent flora Flora of Kuwait (2 vols., 1985-1987, complete); Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra (Miller & Cope, 2 vols. published)
more species list checklist	Bahrain	BAR	707	+	345	311	0
345 All Species 311 Indigenous Species 311 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 3 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 64 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 243 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 34 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A checklist of vascular plants of Bahrain (El-Oqlah & Abbas 1994) Most recent flora Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra (Miller & Cope, 2 vols. published) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Arabia (Cribb 1979, in Kew Bull. 33); New records of Orchidaceae for Arabia (Cribb 1986)
more species list checklist	Qatar	QAT	11.427	++	439	337	0
439 All Species 337 Indigenous Species 337 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 83 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 252 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 102 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An Illustrated Checklist of the Flora of Qatar (Norton et al. 2009) Most recent flora The Flora of Qatar (2 vols., Abd el Bary & Ekhlas 2012); Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra (Miller & Cope, 2 vols. published) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Arabia (Cribb 1979, in Kew Bull. 33); New records of Orchidaceae for Arabia (Cribb 1986)
more species list checklist	United Arab Emirates (incl. Dubai, Abu Dhabi)	UAE	83.600	+	783	709	0
783 All Species 709 Indigenous Species 709 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 8 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 156 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 540 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 74 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Annotated Check-list for Plants in the U.A.E. (Jongbloed 2000) Most recent flora Flora of the United Arab Emirates (Karim & Fawzi 2007, 2 vols., complete); Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra (Miller & Cope, 2 vols. published); The Comprehensive Guide to the Wildflowers of the United Arab Emirates (Jongbloed 2003) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Arabia (Cribb 1979, in Kew Bull. 33); New records of Orchidaceae for Arabia (Cribb 1986)
more species list checklist	Oman	OMA	309.500	++	1129	1075	94
1129 All Species 1075 Indigenous Species 1075 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 94 Endemic Species 94 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 8.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 18 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 224 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 13 endemic) 8 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 815 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 80 endemic) 54 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An Annotated Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Oman (Ghazanfar 1992) Most recent flora Flora of the Sultanate of Oman (Ghazanfar et al., 4 vols. 2003-2018, complete); Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra (Miller & Cope, 2 vols. published) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Arabia (Cribb 1979, in Kew Bull. 33); New records of Orchidaceae for Arabia (Cribb 1986)
more species list checklist	Yemen (excl. Soqotra)	YEM	527.970	+	2071	1961	213
2071 All Species 1961 Indigenous Species 1961 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 213 Endemic Species 213 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 10.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 43 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 428 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 23 endemic) 19 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1456 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 190 endemic) 110 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus Florae Orientalis (Zohary et al., 1980-1994, 9 vols.) Most recent flora A handbook of the Yemen Flora (Wood & Haig-Thomas 1997) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Arabia (Cribb 1979, in Kew Bull. 33); New records of Orchidaceae for Arabia (Cribb 1986)
CHINA (36)
more species list checklist	China (incl. Hongkong, Macao and Hainan; excl. Tibet, Taiwan and South China Sea Isl.)	CHI	8.351.300	++	31746	30666	15552
31746 All Species 30666 Indigenous Species 30592 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 15552 Endemic Species 15497 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 48.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 2040 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 682 endemic) 184 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 81 endemic) 970 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 563 endemic) 4501 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2090 endemic) 1413 Indigenous Orchids (of them 510 endemic) 21558 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 11626 endemic) 74 Microspecies (of them 55 endemic) 1080 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of China (Zheng-Yi & Raven, eds., 1994-2013, 25 vols., complete, plus 23 picture volumes); Higher Plants of China in Colour (2016, 8 vols.). Many regional floras in Chinese Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of China, Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae) (Xinqi et al.); Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Vol. 17-19, 1999); Native Orchids of China in Colour (Singchi = Xinqi et al. 1998)
more species list checklist	Tibet [Xizang]	TIB	1.220.000	++	6983	6923	1136
6983 All Species 6923 Indigenous Species 6910 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1136 Endemic Species 1135 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 16.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 535 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 28 endemic) 50 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic) 94 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 17 endemic) 851 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 75 endemic) 316 Indigenous Orchids (of them 45 endemic) 5077 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 968 endemic) 13 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 60 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of China (Zheng-Yi & Raven, eds., 1994-2013, 25 vols., complete, plus 23 picture volumes) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of China, Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae) (Xinqi et al.); Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Vol. 17-19, 1999); Native Orchids of China in Colour (Singchi = Xinqi et al. 1998)
MONGOLIA (37)
more species list checklist	Mongolia	MON	1.566.500	+	2888	2840	148
2888 All Species 2840 Indigenous Species 2821 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 148 Endemic Species 146 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 48 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 20 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 537 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 8 endemic) 25 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2206 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 139 endemic) 19 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 48 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Conspectus of the vascular plants of Mongolia (Urgamal et al. 2014); Flora of Mongolia: annotated checklist of native vascular plants (Baasanmunkh et al. 2022) Most recent flora Flora of Mongolia (2009 ff., only 3 vols. published, very incomplete); Key to the Vascular Plants of Mongolia (Grubov 1982); Plants of Central Asia, Vol. 1 (Grubov 1963 [transl. 1999]); Flowers of Mongolia (Hauck & Solongo 2010)
EASTERN ASIA (38)
more species list checklist	North Korea	NKO	120.500	++	1961	1943	31
1961 All Species 1943 Indigenous Species 1943 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 31 Endemic Species 31 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 104 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 21 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 15 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 517 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 44 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1242 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 24 endemic) 18 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Provisional Checklist of Vascular Plants for the Korea Peninsula Flora (KPF) (Chang et al. 2014) Most recent flora Coloured flora of Korea (Lee 2003, e vols.); Flora of Korea (C.-W. Park, ed., 2015 ff., 12 vols. published); Flora coreana (Im Rok Jae, 1996-2000, 9 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Illustrated Flora of Korea (Lee 1985)
more species list checklist	South Korea (incl. Cheju Do Isl.)	KOR	99.300	++	3033	2403	188
3033 All Species 2403 Indigenous Species 2402 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 188 Endemic Species 187 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 247 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 8 endemic) 20 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 39 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic) 566 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 37 endemic) 88 Indigenous Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 1443 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 133 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 630 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Provisional Checklist of Vascular Plants for the Korea Peninsula Flora (KPF) (Chang et al. 2014) Most recent flora Coloured flora of Korea (Lee 2003, e vols.); Flora of Korea (C.-W. Park, ed., 2015 ff., 12 vols. published); Flora coreana (Im Rok Jae, 1996-2000, 9 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Illustrated Flora of Korea (Lee 1985)
more species list checklist	Japan (incl. Izu Isl., Yakushima Isl., excl. Ryukyu Isl. and Bonin Isl.)	JAP	372.769	++	5306	4861	1565
5306 All Species 4861 Indigenous Species 4856 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1565 Endemic Species 1564 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 29.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 636 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 79 endemic) 43 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 17 endemic) 98 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 50 endemic) 1110 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 324 endemic) 209 Indigenous Orchids (of them 42 endemic) 2765 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1053 endemic) 5 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 445 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An Enumeration of the Vascular Plants of Japan (Yonekura 2012) Most recent flora Flora of Japan (revised edition, Iwatsuki et al., eds., 4 vols. in 8 parts, 1995-2020, complete)
more species list checklist	Ryukyu Isl. (Nansei Shoto) (incl. Osumi Isl., Tokara Isl., Amami Isl., Okinawa Isl., Daito Isl., Sakishima Isl.)	NNS	4.700	++	2110	1856	172
2110 All Species 1856 Indigenous Species 1856 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 172 Endemic Species 172 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 8.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 319 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 11 endemic) 12 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 56 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 21 endemic) 411 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 35 endemic) 138 Indigenous Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 920 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 98 endemic) 254 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Okinawa and the Southern Ryukyu Islands (Walker 1976) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Southern Ryukyu Islands (Garay & Sweet 1974) [incl. checklist of northern Ryukyu Isl.]
more species list checklist	Ogasawara Islands (Bonin Isl.)	OGA	73	++		0
All Species 0 Indigenous Species 0 Indigenous Species except Microspecies Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) Most recent checklist A revised list of vascular plants indigenous and introduced to the Bonin (Ogasawara) and the Volcano (Kazan) Islands (Kobayashi & Ono 1987) Most recent flora Flora of the Bonin Islands (Toyoda 1981)
more species list checklist	Kazan-Retto (Volcano Isl., Iwo-jima)	KZN	30	++	252	187	40
252 All Species 187 Indigenous Species 187 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 40 Endemic Species 40 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 15.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 54 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 13 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic) 46 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 4 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 77 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 17 endemic) 65 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A revised list of vascular plants indigenous and introduced to the Bonin (Ogasawara) and the Volcano (Kazan) Islands (Kobayashi & Ono 1987) Most recent flora Flora of the Bonin Islands (Toyoda 1981)
more species list checklist	Taiwan (incl. Lan Yu Isl.)	TAI	36.000	++	5795	4735	1386
5795 All Species 4735 Indigenous Species 4731 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1386 Endemic Species 1382 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 23.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 769 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 82 endemic) 27 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 13 endemic) 131 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 56 endemic) 742 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 145 endemic) 428 Indigenous Orchids (of them 152 endemic) 2638 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 938 endemic) 4 Microspecies (of them 4 endemic) 1060 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Taiwan (Li et al., eds., 6 vols., 1975-2003); Illustrated Flora of Taiwan (Zhong, 8 vols. in 9 parts, until 2019, complete); Grass Flora of Taiwan (C.-H. Chen et al., 2011-2018, 3 vols.); Flora of China (Zheng-Yi & Raven, eds., 1994-2013, 25 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Updating Taiwanese pteridophyte checklist (Taiwan Pteridophyte Group 2019); Index to Ferns and Fern Allies of Taiwan (Knapp 2014); Ferns of Taiwan (Ralf Knapp 2010, with supplement 2013); Flora of China, vol. 2/3 (2013); Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Vol. 1-6, 1990 ff.); Flora of Taiwan, Vol. 1 (2nd. ed., 1994); Ferns of Taiwan (Chengmeng 2020, 2 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of China, Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae) (Xinqi et al.); Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Vol. 17-19, 1999); Flora of Taiwan (Li et al., 1975-79); Native Orchids of Taiwan (Lin 1975-1987, 3 vols.)
TROPICAL ASIA (4)
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT (40)
more species list checklist	Pakistan	PAK	796.095	+	5325	4723	307
5325 All Species 4723 Indigenous Species 4714 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 307 Endemic Species 304 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 147 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 23 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 874 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 24 endemic) 41 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 3625 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 281 endemic) 9 Microspecies (of them 3 endemic) 602 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir (Stewart 1972) Most recent flora Flora of [West] Pakistan (Nasir, ed., 1970-2012, 219 vols., mostly complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes An illustrated fern flora of West Himalaya. Vol. 1-2 (Khullar 1994/2000) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Iranica, Vol. 126 (Renz 1978) [only northern and western part]; Flora of Pakistan, no. 164 (Renz 1984)
more species list checklist	Nepal	NEP	147.181	+	6193	5827	347
6193 All Species 5827 Indigenous Species 5811 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 347 Endemic Species 343 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 569 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic) 23 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 85 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 897 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 41 endemic) 379 Indigenous Orchids (of them 23 endemic) 3874 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 279 endemic) 16 Microspecies (of them 4 endemic) 366 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Handbook of Nepalese Flowering Plants (Rajbhandari et al. 2017-2023) (new version of checklist, 4 of 5 vols. published); Flora of the Pan-Himalayas: Preliminary Catalogue (Y.-S. Chen et al. 2019) Most recent flora Flora of Nepal, Web edition (publication ongoing, Watson et al., ed., 2011); Flora of Nepal (Bista, ed., 1997 ff., few parts published); Flora of the Pan-Himalayas (just started, 8 of 50 volumes published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Fraser-Jenkins et al. (2015-2020): Ferns and Fern-allies of Nepal, Volume 1-3 (complete); Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pterophytes With a Revised Census-List (Fraser-Jenkins 2008); New Species Syndrome in Indian Pteridology and the ferns of Nepal (Fraser-Jenkins 1997); An illustrated fern flora of West Himalaya. Vol. 1-2 (Khullar 1994/2000) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal (Press, Shrestha & Sutton 2001); The Orchids of Nepal Himalaya (Banerji & Pradhan 1984); Orchids of Nepal (Banerji 1978)
more species list checklist	Bhutan	BHU	47.000	++	5043	4751	181
5043 All Species 4751 Indigenous Species 4743 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 181 Endemic Species 179 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 544 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic) 22 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 106 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 679 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 12 endemic) 389 Indigenous Orchids (of them 24 endemic) 3011 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 138 endemic) 8 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 292 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flora of the Pan-Himalayas: Preliminary Catalogue (Y.-S. Chen et al. 2019) Most recent flora Flora of Bhutan (Grierson & Long, eds., 1983-2002, 9 vols., complete); Flora of the Pan-Himalayas (just started, 8 volumes published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Pteridophytes of Bhutan (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2009); Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pterophytes With a Revised Census-List (Fraser-Jenkins 2008); New Species Syndrome in Indian Pteridology and the ferns of Nepal (Fraser-Jenkins 1997) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of Bhutan, Vol. 3.3 (Orchidaceae) (2001)
more species list checklist	India (incl. Assam, Darjeeling, Sikkim, Chumbi, Jammu & Kashmir, excl. Andaman and Nicobar Isl., excl. Lakshadweep Isl.)	IND	3.279.173	+	19045	17256	5042
19045 All Species 17256 Indigenous Species 17207 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 5042 Endemic Species 5015 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 26.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1071 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 69 endemic) 63 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 21 endemic) 490 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 239 endemic) 3124 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1004 endemic) 1194 Indigenous Orchids (of them 301 endemic) 11314 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3408 endemic) 49 Microspecies (of them 27 endemic) 1789 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flowering Plants of India. An Annotated Checklist (Mao & Dash, 2020, 3 vols., complete); Checklist of the Grasses of India (Kellogg et al. 2020) Most recent flora Flora of India (Sharma et al., eds., 1993 ff., 11 of 24 vols. published); Fascicles of Flora of India (1978 ff., 30 vols. published); almost 100 regional floras in India (Botanical Survey of India and others); Flora of the Pan-Himalayas (just started, 8 volumes published); Flora of Eastern Ghats (Pullaiah et al., 2002 ff., 7 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes, Part I (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2017), Part II (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2018), Part III (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2020); Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pterophytes With a Revised Census-List (Fraser-Jenkins 2008); New Species Syndrome in Indian Pteridology and the ferns of Nepal (Fraser-Jenkins 1997); Illustrated Manual of Ferns of Assam (Borthakur et al. 2000); The Ferns of India: Enumeration, Synonyms and Distribution (Chandra 2000); Fern flora of South India (Nampy & Madhusoodanan 1998); An illustrated fern flora of West Himalaya. Vol. 1-2 (Khullar 1994/2000) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids A catalogue of Indian Orchids (Sathish Kumar & Manilal 1994); Orchid flora of Arunachal Pradesh (Chowdhery 1998); Orchids of India (2nd ed.) (Bose et al. 1999); Orchids of Kumaon Himalaya (Pangtey et al. 1991); Orchids of Meghalaya (Kataki 1986); Orchids of Mussoorie (Raizada et al. 1981); Orchids of Nagaland (Deorani & Naithani 1995); Orchids of Nagaland (Hynniewta et al. 2000); Orchids of Nilgiris (2nd. ed., Joseph 1987); Orchids of Western Ghats (Kumar 1995); Flora of Hassan District Karnataka (Saldanha et al. 1976); The Orchids of Bombay (Santapau & Kapadia 1966); The Orchid Flora of NW-Himalaya (Deva & Naithani 1986); Monocotyledonous Plants of Uttar Pradesh: A Checklist (Uniyal et al. 1999)
more species list checklist	Lakshadweep Isl. (Laccadives)	LDV	32	+	395	226	0
395 All Species 226 Indigenous Species 226 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 4 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 62 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 156 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 169 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Plant Diversity of Lakshadweep Islands (C. S. Reddy & P. S. Roy 2012)
more species list checklist	Maldives	MDV	298	o	374	188	0
374 All Species 188 Indigenous Species 188 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 4 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 50 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 130 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 186 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist List of Addu vascular plants (Fosberg et al. 1966) Most recent flora The botany of the Maldive Islands (Willis & Gardiner 1901); Common Plants of Maldives (Sujanapal & Sankaran 2016); Trees and shrubs of the Maldives (Selvam 2007)
more species list checklist	Sri Lanka	SRL	65.610	++	4332	3638	930
4332 All Species 3638 Indigenous Species 3637 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 930 Endemic Species 930 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 21.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 342 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 43 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 113 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 52 endemic) 732 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 110 endemic) 198 Indigenous Orchids (of them 68 endemic) 2251 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 657 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 694 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon (Dassayanake, ed., 1980-2006, 15 vols. in 16 parts plus Index, complete); Illustrated Field Guide to the Flowers of Sri Lanka (Vlas & Vlas-deJong, 2008-2019, 3 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, vol. 15/1-2 (Shaffer-Fehre, ed., 2006); Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pterophytes With a Revised Census-List (Fraser-Jenkins 2008); An annotated check-list of the Pteridophytes of Ceylon (Sledge 1982) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae, Apostasiaceae (Jayaweera). In: A Revised Handbook of the Flora of Ceylon, Vol. 2 (Dassanayake, ed., 1981)
more species list checklist	Bangladesh	BAN	147.570	o	4840	4081	36
4840 All Species 4081 Indigenous Species 4081 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 36 Endemic Species 36 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 219 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 174 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 4 endemic) 810 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 12 endemic) 285 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 2585 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 16 endemic) 759 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Bangladesh (Khan, ed., 1975 ff., 63 vols. published); Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh, vols. 5-12 (Ahmed, ed., 2007-2009, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh, vol. 5 (2007) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of Bangladesh, vol. ##
INDOCHINA (41)
more species list checklist	Andaman Isl.	AND	6.496	+	2178	1793	161
2178 All Species 1793 Indigenous Species 1793 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 161 Endemic Species 161 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 81 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 9 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 100 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 16 endemic) 300 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 21 endemic) 133 Indigenous Orchids (of them 16 endemic) 1170 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 105 endemic) 385 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Plant Resources of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Checklist, Dagar & Singh 1999); Flowering Plants of India. An Annotated Checklist (Mao & Dash, 2020, 3 vols., complete) Most recent flora Flora of Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Hajra et al., eds., 1999/2023, 2 vols. published, ?complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes, Part I (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2017), Part II (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2018); Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pterophytes With a Revised Census-List (Fraser-Jenkins 2008); Pteridophytes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Dixit 2001)
more species list checklist	Nicobar Isl.	NCB	1.800	+	1526	1247	72
1526 All Species 1247 Indigenous Species 1247 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 72 Endemic Species 72 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 98 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 5 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 63 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 9 endemic) 224 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 60 Indigenous Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 797 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 46 endemic) 279 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Plant Resources of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Checklist, Dagar & Singh 1999); Flowering Plants of India. An Annotated Checklist (Mao & Dash, 2020, 3 vols., complete) Most recent flora Flora of Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Hajra et al., eds., 1999/2023, 2 vols. published, ?complete); Flora of Great Nicobar Island (Sinha 1999); Flora of Campbell Bay National Park (Jayanthi 2017) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes, Part I (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2017), Part II (Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2018); Taxonomic Revision of Three Hundred Indian Subcontinental Pterophytes With a Revised Census-List (Fraser-Jenkins 2008); Pteridophytes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Dixit 2001); Flora of Great Nicobar Island (Sinha 1999)
more species list checklist	Myanmar	MYA	676.552	o	10786	9923	1009
10786 All Species 9923 Indigenous Species 9919 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1009 Endemic Species 1007 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 9.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 756 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 12 endemic) 40 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 377 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 53 endemic) 1476 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 142 endemic) 1037 Indigenous Orchids (of them 100 endemic) 6237 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 702 endemic) 4 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 863 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, and Climbers of Myanmar (Kress et al. 2003); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes A Contribution Toward the Knowledge of Ferns and Lycophytes from Northern and Northwestern Myanmar (Khine et al. 2017); The ferns of Burma (Dickason 1946) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids An annotated checklist of Myanmar orchid flora (Aung et al. 2020)
more species list checklist	Thailand	THA	513.115	+	11485	10975	2133
11485 All Species 10975 Indigenous Species 10975 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2133 Endemic Species 2133 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 18.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 770 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 33 endemic) 33 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 5 endemic) 600 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 165 endemic) 2031 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 505 endemic) 1262 Indigenous Orchids (of them 156 endemic) 6279 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1269 endemic) 510 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flora of Thailand (Smitinand et al., eds., 1981-2023, so far 16 vols. in ca. 50 parts, ca. 70% complete, to be continued) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Lindsay, S. & Middleton, D.J. (2012 onwards). Ferns of Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/thaiferns/; Flora of Thailand, Vol. 3/1-4 (Tagawa & Iwatsuki 1979-1989); Pteridophytes in Thailand (Boonkeerd & Pollawatn 2000) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Contributions to the Orchid Flora of Thailand / Orchid Genera in Thailand, 1-13 (Seidenfaden 1972-1998); A Field Guide to the Wild Orchids of Thailand (Vaddhanaphuti 2001); Flora of Thailand, Vol. 12/1 (Orchidaceae 1) (Pedersen et al. 2011); Flora of Thailand, Vol. 12/2 (Orchidaceae 2) (Pedersen et al. 2014)
more species list checklist	Laos	LAO	236.800	o	5822	5484	400
5822 All Species 5484 Indigenous Species 5484 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 400 Endemic Species 400 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 324 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 7 endemic) 36 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 232 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 12 endemic) 892 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 109 endemic) 540 Indigenous Orchids (of them 38 endemic) 3460 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 232 endemic) 338 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A Checklist of Plants in Lao PDR (Jin et al. 2016 [data quality not very good]); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam (Leroy, ed., 1960-2024, 37 vols. published, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Lindsay, S. & Middleton, D.J. (2012 onwards). Ferns of Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/thaiferns/; Fougeres (de la Flore Generale de l'Indochine) (Tardieu-Blot & Christensen 1939-1951) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Indochina (Seidenfaden 1992)
more species list checklist	Cambodia	CBD	181.035	+	4372	4030	128
4372 All Species 4030 Indigenous Species 4030 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 128 Endemic Species 128 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 210 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 181 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 11 endemic) 687 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 20 endemic) 298 Indigenous Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 2641 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 88 endemic) 342 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A Checklist for the Seed Plants of Cambodia (Cho et al. 2016); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam (Leroy, ed., 1960-2024, 37 vols. published, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Lindsay, S. & Middleton, D.J. (2012 onwards). Ferns of Thailand, Laos and Cambodia. http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/thaiferns/; Fougeres (de la Flore Generale de l'Indochine) (Tardieu-Blot & Christensen 1939-1951) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Indochina (Seidenfaden 1992)
more species list checklist	Vietnam	VIE	331.690	+	12328	11573	2850
12328 All Species 11573 Indigenous Species 11569 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2850 Endemic Species 2846 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 23.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 957 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 78 endemic) 75 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 22 endemic) 669 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 182 endemic) 1706 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 576 endemic) 1195 Indigenous Orchids (of them 344 endemic) 6971 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1648 endemic) 4 Microspecies (of them 4 endemic) 755 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Câyco Viêtnam (Pham Hoàng Hô, 1991-1993, 3 vols. in 6 parts, complete); Flora of Vietnam (2000 ff., so far 10 families published), Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam (Leroy, ed., 1960-2024, 37 vols. published, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Fougeres (de la Flore Generale de l'Indochine) (Tardieu-Blot & Christensen 1939-1951); Cay Co Vietnam (An Illustrated Flora of Vietnam), vol. 1 (Pham-Hoang Ho (1991) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Indochina (Seidenfaden 1992); Identification Guide to Vietnamese Orchids (Averyanov 1994); Preliminary List of the Vietnamese Orchids, Vol. 1-2 (Averyanov 1988); Updated Checklist of the Orchids of Vietnam (Averyanov & Averyanova 2004)
MALESIA (42)
more species list checklist	peninsular Malaysia (incl. Langkawi Isl.)	MLY	132.246	+	9256	8929	2052
9256 All Species 8929 Indigenous Species 8929 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2052 Endemic Species 2052 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 22.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 702 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 49 endemic) 31 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 6 endemic) 645 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 165 endemic) 1344 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 352 endemic) 933 Indigenous Orchids (of them 184 endemic) 5274 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1296 endemic) 327 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A catalogue of the vascular plants of Malaya (Turner 1995 publ. 1997); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flora of peninsular Malaysia (Parris, Kiew, eds., 2010 ff., 13 vols. published, to be continued); Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Peninsular Malaysia, Series I: Ferns and Lycophytes, Vol. 1 (2010), 2 (2013), 3 (2020); Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of peninsular Malaysia and Singapore (Seidenfaden & Wood 1992)
more species list checklist	Singapore	SNG	710	++	2646	2191	18
2646 All Species 2191 Indigenous Species 2191 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 18 Endemic Species 18 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 177 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 181 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 314 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 224 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 1287 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 7 endemic) 455 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A checklist of the total vascular plant flora of Singapore (Chong et al. 2009) Most recent flora The concise flora of Singapore (Keng, 2 vols., 1990, 1998); Flora of Singapore (Middleton et al., eds., 2019 ff., 3 vols. published), Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Peninsular Malaysia, Series I: Ferns and Lycophytes, Vol. 1 (2010), 2 (2013), 3 (2020); Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued); A Guide to the Ferns of Singapore (Wee 1987) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of peninsular Malaysia and Singapore (Seidenfaden & Wood 1992); A Guide to the Orchids of Singapore (Tan & Sin 1995)
more species list checklist	Sumatera (incl. Mentawai, Enggano, Nias, Simeulue, Lingga Arch., Krakatau, Bangka, Belitung, Batu)	SUM	425.150	o	7512	7371	2024
7512 All Species 7371 Indigenous Species 7370 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2024 Endemic Species 2023 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 26.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 757 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 134 endemic) 35 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 445 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 126 endemic) 897 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 257 endemic) 1168 Indigenous Orchids (of them 482 endemic) 4069 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1023 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 141 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Sumatra (Comber 2001)
more species list checklist	South China Sea Isl.	SCS	2	o	283	196	0
283 All Species 196 Indigenous Species 196 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 6 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 66 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 120 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 87 Neophytes or Culture Escapes
more species list checklist	Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, Kalimantan, incl. Natuna Isl., Riouw Arch., excl. Brunei)	BOR	743.384	o	12534	12326	5617
12534 All Species 12326 Indigenous Species 12325 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 5617 Endemic Species 5616 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 44.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1087 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 253 endemic) 56 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 18 endemic) 776 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 287 endemic) 1694 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 975 endemic) 1689 Indigenous Orchids (of them 919 endemic) 7024 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3165 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 208 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Enumeratio Phanerogamarum Bornearum (Masamune 1942, 1945); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far); The plants of Mount Kinabalu (1992-2004, 5 vols. published); Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak (Soepadmo & Wong, eds., 1995-2007, 6 vols. published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued); The Plants of Mt. Kinabalu, vol. 1 (Ferns and Fern Allies) (Parris et al. 1992) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids A Checklist of the Orchids of Borneo (Wood & Cribb 1994); Orchids of Borneo, Vol. 1 (Chan et al. 1994); Orchids of Borneo, Vol. 2 (Vermeulen 1991); Orchids of Borneo, Vol. 3 (Wood 1997); Orchids of Borneo, Vol. 4 (Wood 2003); Bulbophyllum of Borneo (Vermeulen, O'Byrne & Lamb 2015)
more species list checklist	Brunei	BRN	5.765	+	2644	2604	117
2644 All Species 2604 Indigenous Species 2604 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 117 Endemic Species 117 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 136 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic) 9 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 286 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 5 endemic) 165 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 30 endemic) 224 Indigenous Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 1784 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 68 endemic) 40 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A Checklist of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Brunei Darussalam (Wong & Dransfield, ed., 1996) Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued); The Plants of Mt. Kinabalu, vol. 1 (Ferns and Fern Allies) (Parris et al. 1992) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae (Wood). In: A Checklist of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Brunei Darussalam (Wong & Dransfield, ed., 1996)
more species list checklist	Sulawesi (Celebes) (incl. Selayar, Banggai, Sangihe, Kabaena)	SUL	189.070	o	5138	4900	1377
5138 All Species 4900 Indigenous Species 4899 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1377 Endemic Species 1376 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 26.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 778 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 88 endemic) 30 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 218 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 59 endemic) 635 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 192 endemic) 669 Indigenous Orchids (of them 376 endemic) 2570 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 660 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 238 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of woody plants of Sulawesi, Indonesia (Keßler et al. 2002); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued); Hovenkamp, P. (2013 onwards): Ferns of Sulawesi - Checklist. sulawesiferns.myspecies.info Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Sulawesi and Maluku: a preliminary Catalogue (Thomas & Schuiteman 2002)
more species list checklist	Palawan (incl. Busuanga, Culion)	PLW	14.649	o	1533	1519	228
1533 All Species 1519 Indigenous Species 1519 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 228 Endemic Species 228 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 14.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 233 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic) 9 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 4 endemic) 80 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 11 endemic) 214 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 20 endemic) 26 Indigenous Orchids (of them 7 endemic) 957 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 182 endemic) 14 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Co's digital flora of the Philippines (www.philippineplants.org) Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued); Checklist by J. F. Barcelona (pers. comm.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidiana Philippiniana (Valmayor 1984); The Orchids of the Philippines (Cootes 2001) (contains checklist)
more species list checklist	Philippines (excl. Palawan, Sulu Arch.)	PHI	325.000	+	9608	8888	4503
9608 All Species 8888 Indigenous Species 8888 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4503 Endemic Species 4503 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 46.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1046 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 252 endemic) 37 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 10 endemic) 399 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 229 endemic) 1044 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 361 endemic) 1191 Indigenous Orchids (of them 821 endemic) 5171 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2830 endemic) 720 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Co's digital flora of the Philippines (www.philippineplants.org) Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued); Pelser, P.B., J.F. Barcelona & D.L. Nickrent (eds.). 2011 onwards. Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines (www.philippineplants.org); Guide to Philippine Flora and Fauna, Vol. 2 (Zamora & Co 1986) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidiana Philippiniana (Valmayor 1984); The Orchids of the Philippines (Cootes 2001) (contains checklist)
more species list checklist	Jawa (incl. Madura Isl., Kangean Arch., Bawean)	JAW	130.520	o	6862	5517	841
6862 All Species 5517 Indigenous Species 5516 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 841 Endemic Species 840 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 12.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 558 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 45 endemic) 13 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 266 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 64 endemic) 798 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 94 endemic) 788 Indigenous Orchids (of them 175 endemic) 3094 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 463 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 1345 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flora of Java (Backer & van den Brink, 1963-1968, outdated); Mountain Flora of Java (van Steenis 1972); Flora Malesiana (about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Java (Comber 1991)
more species list checklist	Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Timor, Alor, Wetar) [incl. East Timor]	LSI	80.000	o	3741	3322	362
3741 All Species 3322 Indigenous Species 3322 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 362 Endemic Species 362 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 9.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 385 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 13 endemic) 17 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 118 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 17 endemic) 551 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 31 endemic) 311 Indigenous Orchids (of them 53 endemic) 1940 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 246 endemic) 419 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flora of Bali - a provisional checklist (van Balgooy et al. 2014) [not seen nor included] Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued); The Ferns of the Lesser Sunda Islands (Posthumus 1944); On the Ferns of Sumba (Posthumus 1930); A preliminary Study on Pteridophytes of Lombok: List of the Species (Wardani & Jaenudin 2013) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Timor: checklist (Silveira et al. 2008); Flora of Bali - a provisional checklist (van Balgooy et al. 2014 [not seen nor included]); Orchids of Sulawesi and Maluku: a preliminary Catalogue (Thomas & Schuiteman 2002)
more species list checklist	Moluccas [Maluku] (Tanimbar, Kei, Aru, Banda, Ambon, Seram, Buru, Obi, Bacan, Halmaheira, Ternate, Tidore, Morotai, Talaud, Sulu Arch.)	MOL	74.500	o	4007	3823	660
4007 All Species 3823 Indigenous Species 3822 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 660 Endemic Species 659 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 16.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 720 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 92 endemic) 29 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 212 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 48 endemic) 493 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 52 endemic) 449 Indigenous Orchids (of them 172 endemic) 1920 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 296 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 184 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued); Taxonomic Studies of Pteridophytes of Ambon and Seram (Moluccas) (in 12 parts) (Kato 1988-2007) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Sulawesi and Maluku: a preliminary Catalogue (Thomas & Schuiteman 2002)
more species list checklist	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	CKI	14	++	134	73	0
134 All Species 73 Indigenous Species 73 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 20 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 51 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 61 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2) (1993)
more species list checklist	Christmas Isl. (Austr.)	XMS	135	++	382	213	17
382 All Species 213 Indigenous Species 213 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 17 Endemic Species 17 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 27 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 29 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 13 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 135 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 8 endemic) 169 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2) (1993)
PAPUASIA (43)
more species list checklist	New Guinea (Irian Jaya and Papua New Guinea, incl. d'Entrecasteaux Isl., Goodenough Isl., Louisiade Arch., Rennell, Yapen [Japen], Biak, Waigeo etc.)	NWG	800.000	+	13919	13519	8975
13919 All Species 13519 Indigenous Species 13518 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 8975 Endemic Species 8974 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 64.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1357 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 574 endemic) 54 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 19 endemic) 749 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 593 endemic) 1625 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 842 endemic) 2853 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2358 endemic) 6881 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 4589 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 400 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist New Guinea has the world's richest island flora (Cámara-Leret et al. 2020) [detailed checklist] Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far), Handbooks of the flora of Papua New Guinea (3 vols. published, outdated) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued); The ferns and fern-allies of Papua New Guinea (Johns & Bellamy, 1979 ff., in 12 parts); A Checklist of the Fern Allies, Ferns and Gymnosperms of the N. E. Kepala Burung (Vogelkop), Irian Jaya, Indonesia (Edwards, Johns & Kowalska 2012) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Checklist of Papuasian Orchids (Ormerod 2017); A. Schuiteman & Ed de Vogel (2001-2010, CD-ROM): Flora Malesiana: Orchids of New Guinea: illustrated checklist and genera. Part 1: Checklist and genera (2001). Part 2: Genus Dendrobium and allied genera (2002). Part 3: Genera Acanthephippium to Hymenorchis (2005). Part 4: Genera Kuhlhasseltia to Ophioglossella (2006). Part 5: Genera Pachystoma to Zeuxine (2008). Part 6: Genus Bulbophyllum (2010).
more species list checklist	Bismarck Arch. (New Britain, New Ireland, New Hanover, Admiralty Isl., Manus Isl., Umboi Isl.)	BIS	48.500	-	1933	1845	256
1933 All Species 1845 Indigenous Species 1845 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 256 Endemic Species 256 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 13.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 365 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 16 endemic) 17 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 72 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 16 endemic) 215 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 52 endemic) 283 Indigenous Orchids (of them 52 endemic) 893 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 120 endemic) 88 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Malesiana (1948 ff., numerous volumes, about 40% published so far); Flora of the Bismarck Archipelago for naturalists (Peekel 1947, reprint 1985, very incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Malesiana, Series II: Ferns and Fern Allies. Vol. 1-5 (to be continued) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Checklist of Papuasian Orchids (Ormerod 2017); A. Schuiteman & Ed de Vogel (2001-2010, CD-ROM): Flora Malesiana: Orchids of New Guinea: illustrated checklist and genera. Part 1: Checklist and genera (2001). Part 2: Genus Dendrobium and allied genera (2002). Part 3: Genera Acanthephippium to Hymenorchis (2005). Part 4: Genera Kuhlhasseltia to Ophioglossella (2006). Part 5: Genera Pachystoma to Zeuxine (2008). Part 6: Genus Bulbophyllum (2010).
more species list checklist	Solomon Isl. (incl. Bougainville, excl. Santa Cruz Isl.)	SOL	35.926	o	2469	2284	479
2469 All Species 2284 Indigenous Species 2284 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 479 Endemic Species 479 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 19.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 458 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 49 endemic) 16 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 109 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 38 endemic) 255 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 74 endemic) 343 Indigenous Orchids (of them 46 endemic) 1103 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 271 endemic) 185 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Sol Amazing! (Lycophytes and Ferns of the Solomon Islands) (Chen et al. 2017) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of the Solomon Islands and Bougainville (Lewis & Cribb 1991)
AUSTRALASIA (5)
AUSTRALIA (50)
more species list checklist	Australia (incl. Tasmania, excl. other islands)	AUS	7.690.849	+(+)	23925	21709	19267
23925 All Species 21709 Indigenous Species 21688 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 19267 Endemic Species 19266 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 80.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 459 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 170 endemic) 114 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 111 endemic) 301 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 243 endemic) 2964 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2316 endemic) 1502 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1354 endemic) 16369 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 15073 endemic) 21 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 2216 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Census of Australian Vascular Plants (Hnatiuk 1990); Checklist of the vascular flora of the Sunda-Sahul Convergence Zone (Joyce et al. 2020 [data quality not very good]) Most recent flora Flora of Australia (1982 ff., 29 vols. published, about 60% complete, the rest will be published online as e-flora); Flora of Victoria (1993-1999, 4 vols., complete); Flora of New South Wales (2000-2002, 2 vols. published); Flora of the Darwin region (Dunlop et al., 1995, 59 families published); Floodplain Flora (Cowie et al., eds., about 30 families published); Flora of South Eastern Queensland (1983-1989, 3 vols.); Flora of South Australia (5th ed., 2011 ff., published in familiy accounts online); The Student's Flora of Tasmania (2nd ed., 1993-1994, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Australia, Volume 48 (1998); Flora of South Australia (Jessop & Toelken 1986); The Ferns of Tasmania (Garrett 1997); Ferns and Allied Plants of Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia (Duncan & Isaac 1994); Flora of Victoria, Vol. 2 (Walsh & Entwistle, ed., 1994) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Catalogue of Australian Orchidaceae (Clements 1989); Native Orchids of Australia (Jones 1987); A Complete Guide to Native Orchids of Australia (Jones 2006); Field Guide to the Orchids of New South Wales and Victoria (Bishop 1996); Flora of South Australia, pt. I (Black 1960); Orchids of South Australia (Bates & Weber 1990); Contributions to Tasmanian Orchidology (Jones 1998); The Orchids of Tasmania (Jones et al. 1999); Field Guide to the Orchids of New South Wales and Victoria (Bishop 1996); The Orchids of Victoria (Backhouse & Jeanes 1995); Orchids of Western Australia (Dixon et al. 1989); Orchids of SW-Australia (3rd ed.) (Hoffmann & Brown 2001)
more species list checklist	Ashmore Reef & Cartier Isl.	ASH	1	++	17	16	0
17 All Species 16 Indigenous Species 16 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 1 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Australia 49 (Oceanic Islands 1) (1994)
more species list checklist	Lord Howe Isl.	LHI	154	++	503	281	100
503 All Species 281 Indigenous Species 281 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 100 Endemic Species 100 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 19.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 60 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 22 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic) 54 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 12 endemic) 13 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 147 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 60 endemic) 222 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2) (1993)
more species list checklist	Norfolk Isl. (incl. Philip Isl.)	NFK	39	++	453	194	36
453 All Species 194 Indigenous Species 194 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 36 Endemic Species 36 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 48 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 8 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 36 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 10 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 95 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 24 endemic) 259 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2) (1993)
NEW ZEALAND (51)
more species list checklist	New Zealand (incl. Stewart Isl., Three Kings Isl., Snares Isl., excl. remote islands)	NZL	270.000	++	4025	2268	1561
4025 All Species 2268 Indigenous Species 2250 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1561 Endemic Species 1561 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 38.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 195 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 33 endemic) 19 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 19 endemic) 20 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 15 endemic) 472 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 286 endemic) 122 Indigenous Orchids (of them 54 endemic) 1440 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1154 endemic) 18 Microspecies (of them endemic) 1757 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the New Zealand Flora - Seed Plants (Schönberger et al. 2018) Most recent flora Flora of New Zealand (1961-2000, 5 vols., complete); The flora of the Snares Islands, New Zealand (Fineran 1969); Flora of New Zealand [eFloraNZ] (2014 ff., 7 + 17 vols. published, http://www.nzflora.info/publications.html) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of New Zealand - Lycophytes [eFloraNZ] (2014-2021, 17 vols. published, http://www.nzflora.info/publications.html); New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants (Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth 1989); A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species (Brownsey, Given & Lovis 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Nature Guide to New Zealands Native Orchids (St. George 1999)
more species list checklist	Kermadec Isl.	KER	36	++	149	108	21
149 All Species 108 Indigenous Species 108 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 21 Endemic Species 21 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 14.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 41 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 24 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 3 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 39 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 13 endemic) 41 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Kermadec Islands Flora: An annotated checklist (Sykes 1977); New records and other information on the vascular flora of the Kermadec Islands (Sykes & West 1996); Checklist of the New Zealand Flora - Seed Plants (Schönberger et al. 2018) Most recent flora Flora of New Zealand (1961-2000, 5 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of New Zealand: Ferns and Lycophytes (Brownsey & Perrie, 2014, 2015) - various volumes; New records and other information on the vascular flora of the Kermadec Islands (Sykes & West 1996); A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species (Brownsey, Given & Lovis 1985); New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants (Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Nature Guide to New Zealands Native Orchids (St. George 1999)
more species list checklist	Chatham Isl.	CTM	963	++	812	424	47
812 All Species 424 Indigenous Species 422 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 47 Endemic Species 47 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 104 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 95 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 35 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 189 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 36 endemic) 2 Microspecies (of them endemic) 388 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of vascular plants recorded from Chatham Islands (De Lange et al. 2011); Checklist of the New Zealand Flora - Seed Plants (Schönberger et al. 2018) Most recent flora Flora of New Zealand (1961-2000, 5 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of New Zealand: Ferns and Lycophytes (Brownsey & Perrie, 2014, 2015) - various volumes; New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants (Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth 1989); A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species (Brownsey et al. 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Nature Guide to New Zealands Native Orchids (St. George 1999)
more species list checklist	Antipodes Isl.	ATP	60	++	66	66	5
66 All Species 66 Indigenous Species 66 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 5 Endemic Species 5 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 21 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 3 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 27 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 4 endemic) Most recent checklist Checklist of the New Zealand Flora - Seed Plants (Schönberger et al. 2018); SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora Flora of New Zealand (1961-2000, 5 vols., complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of New Zealand: Ferns and Lycophytes (Brownsey & Perrie, 2014, 2015) - various volumes; New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants (Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth 1989); A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species (Brownsey, Given & Lovis 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Nature Guide to New Zealands Native Orchids (St. George 1999)
more species list checklist	Auckland Isl.	AUC	551	++	249	176	5
249 All Species 176 Indigenous Species 176 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 5 Endemic Species 5 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 43 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 49 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 8 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 76 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 73 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the New Zealand Flora - Seed Plants (Schönberger et al. 2018); SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora Flora of New Zealand (1961-2000, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of New Zealand: Ferns and Lycophytes (Brownsey & Perrie, 2014, 2015) - various volumes; New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants (Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth 1989); A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species (Brownsey, Given & Lovis 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Nature Guide to New Zealands Native Orchids (St. George 1999)
PACIFIC (6)
SOUTH WEST PACIFIC (60)
more species list checklist	Santa Cruz Isl. (Vanikoro, etc.)	SCZ	815	o	342	311	17
342 All Species 311 Indigenous Species 311 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 17 Endemic Species 17 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 96 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 6 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 11 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 18 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 42 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 141 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 7 endemic) 31 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Sol Amazing! (Lycophytes and Ferns of the Solomon Islands) (Chen et al. 2017)
more species list checklist	New Caledonia (incl. Île des Pins, Loyalty Isl., Île Art)	NWC	19.058	+	3925	3384	2563
3925 All Species 3384 Indigenous Species 3383 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2563 Endemic Species 2563 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 65.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 297 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 114 endemic) 48 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 47 endemic) 114 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 103 endemic) 318 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 148 endemic) 224 Indigenous Orchids (of them 118 endemic) 2383 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2033 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 541 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist www.endemia.nc Most recent flora Flore de la Nouvelle-Caledonie (1967-2021, 27 vols. published [approx. 45%], to be continued); Flore Ornementale de Nouvelle-Calédonie (Gatéble & Neaoutyine 2016) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flore de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances, Vol. 3 (Brownlie 1969) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flore de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances, Vol. 8 (Hallé 1977); Orchidees Indigenes de Nouvelle-Caledonie (Société Néo-Caledonienne d’Orchidophilie 1995); Checklist of New Caledonian Orchidaceae (Clements & Jones 1999, in Orchadian 13)
more species list checklist	Vanuatu	VAN	12.190	o	1648	1279	177
1648 All Species 1279 Indigenous Species 1279 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 177 Endemic Species 177 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 10.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 329 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 13 endemic) 9 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 31 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 10 endemic) 137 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 21 endemic) 177 Indigenous Orchids (of them 20 endemic) 596 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 111 endemic) 369 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the Vanuatu National Herbarium (PVNH) (Chanel et al. 2017) Most recent flora Remarkable Plants of Vanuatu (Ramon et al. 2015, field guide); A Guide to the Common Trees of Vanuatu (Wheatley 1992); Orchids of Vanuatu (Lewis & Cribb 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Vanuatu (Lewis & Cribb 1989)
more species list checklist	Rotuma Isl.	ROT	43	+	487	216	4
487 All Species 216 Indigenous Species 216 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 32 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 37 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 4 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 133 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 271 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A Preliminary Checklist of the Flora of Rotuma with Rotuman Names (McClatchley et al. 2000) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Ferns of Rotuma Island, a Descriptive Manual (St. John 1954)
more species list checklist	Tonga	TON	750	o	802	535	27
802 All Species 535 Indigenous Species 535 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 27 Endemic Species 27 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 95 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 17 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 67 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 54 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 300 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 21 endemic) 267 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Plants of Tonga (Yuncker 1959); The vegetation of Late, Tonga (Sykes 1981); Rain forest vegetation of 'Eua Island (Drake et al. 1996); The rare plants of Tonga (Whistler 2011) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes The Pteridophytes of 'Eua, Southern Tonga (Sykes 1978); New or noteworthy ferns from the Tongan Islands (Iwatsuki 1963) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Tonga, Niue and the Cook Isl. (Cribb & Whistler 2011)
more species list checklist	Niue Isl.	NUE	264	o	562	213	3
562 All Species 213 Indigenous Species 213 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3 Endemic Species 3 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 27 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 27 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 19 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 133 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 349 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora The flora of Niue Island (Yuncker 1943, outdated); Contributions to the flora of Niue (Sykes 1970) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Tonga, Niue and the Cook Isl. (Cribb & Whistler 2011)
more species list checklist	Fiji	FIJ	18.376	++	2513	1687	772
2513 All Species 1687 Indigenous Species 1687 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 772 Endemic Species 772 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 30.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 311 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 47 endemic) 10 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 4 endemic) 101 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 76 endemic) 145 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 46 endemic) 176 Indigenous Orchids (of them 46 endemic) 944 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 553 endemic) 826 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Vitiensis nova (A.C. Smith, 1971-1996, 5 vols. + Index, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes The pteridophyte flora of Fiji (Brownlie 1977); A revised Checklist of Fijian ferns and lycophytes (Brownsey & Perrie 2011) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora vitiensis nova, Vol. 5 (Kores 1991)
more species list checklist	Wallis & Futuna	WAL	177	+	262	251	4
262 All Species 251 Indigenous Species 251 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 56 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 14 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 20 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 33 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 128 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 11 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist The vascular plants of the Horne and Wallis Islands (St. John & Smith 1971) Most recent flora Contribution a la Connaissance de la Vegetation et de la Flore de Wallis et Futuna (Morat & Veillon 1985); Guide des Plants de Wallis et Futuna (Meyer 2018)
more species list checklist	American Samoa (Tutuila, Manua Isl. [Ofu, Olosega, Ta'u])	ASA	197	++	735	518	18
735 All Species 518 Indigenous Species 518 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 18 Endemic Species 18 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 152 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 55 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 64 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 232 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 14 endemic) 217 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Samoa (Whistler 2022); Flowering Plants of Samoa (Christopherson 1935/1938); A study of the rare plants of American Samoa (Whistler 1998); Vegetation of Eastern Samoa (Whistler 1980); Plants of the Manua Islands (Yuncker 1945); The Rare Plants of Samoa (Whistler 2011) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes A revision of the Pteridophyta of Samoa (Christensen 1943) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Samoa (Cribb & Whistler 1996)
more species list checklist	[Western] Samoa ('Upolu, Savai'i, Aleipata Isl., Manono Isl. etc.)	SAM	2.831	++	1043	766	153
1043 All Species 766 Indigenous Species 766 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 153 Endemic Species 153 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 14.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 231 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 18 endemic) 25 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 7 endemic) 66 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 10 endemic) 92 Indigenous Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 352 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 112 endemic) 277 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Samoa (Whistler 2022); Flowering Plants of Samoa (Christopherson 1935/1938); Vegetation and Flora of the Aleipata Islands, Western Samoa (Whistler 1983); The Rare Plants of Samoa (Whistler 2011) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes A revision of the Pteridophyta of Samoa (Christensen 1943) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of Samoa (Cribb & Whistler 1996)
more species list checklist	Tuvalu (Ellice Isl.)	TUV	26	+	163	56	0
163 All Species 56 Indigenous Species 56 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 6 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 12 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 36 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 107 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora The Flora of Tuvalu (Thaman 2016); Vegetation and Flora of Nui Atoll, Tuvalu (Woodroffe 1985)
more species list checklist	Tokelau Isl. (incl. Swains Isl.)	TOK	14	+	106	53	0
106 All Species 53 Indigenous Species 53 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 9 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 14 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 28 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 53 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora The vegetation of the Tokelau Islands with special reference to the plants of Nukunonu Atoll (Parham 1971); The Flora and Vegetation of Swains Island (Whistler 1983)
more species list checklist	Phoenix Islands (Kiribati p. p.)	PHX	42	+	82	37	0
82 All Species 37 Indigenous Species 37 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 11 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 25 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 45 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of the Phoenix Islands, Central Pacific (Fosberg & Stoddart 1994)
more species list checklist	Gilbert Islands (Kiribati p. p.)	GIL	311	+	213	90	0
213 All Species 90 Indigenous Species 90 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 4 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 26 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 57 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 123 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flora of the Gilbert Islands, Kiribati, checklist (Fosberg & Sachet 1987); Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae (Fosberg et al. 1982); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae (Fosberg); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae (Fosberg) Most recent flora Vegetation of Nauru and the Gilbert Islands (Thaman 1992)
more species list checklist	Banaba (Ocean Isl., Kiribati p. p.)	OCE	6	+	71	29	0
71 All Species 29 Indigenous Species 29 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 6 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 14 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 42 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Vascular Plants, Vegetation and Ethnobotany of Banaba (Ocean Islands) (Thaman & Samuelu 2016)
more species list checklist	Nauru	NRU	21	++	128	48	0
128 All Species 48 Indigenous Species 48 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 3 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 11 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 33 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 80 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Vegetation of Nauru and the Gilbert Islands (Thaman 1992); The Flora of Nauru (Thaman et al. 1994)
more species list checklist	Pacific Equatorial Sporades (incl. Howland Isl., Baker Isl.)	HBI	5	o	1	1	0
1 All Species 1 Indigenous Species 1 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic)
SOUTH CENTRAL PACIFIC (61)
more species list checklist	Line Isl. (Kiribati p. p., incl. Christmas Isl. = Kiritimati)	LIN	757	+	183	57	1
183 All Species 57 Indigenous Species 57 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 4 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 37 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 126 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the vascular plants of the northern Line Islands (Wester 1985) Most recent flora Notes on the vascular flora and terrestrial vertebrates of Caroline Atoll, Southern Line Islands (Clapp & Sibley 1971); Vegetation History of Washington Island (Teraina), Northern Line Islands (Wester et al. 1992); Plants of Christmas Island (Chock & Hamilton 1962); Flora of Kiritimati (Christmas) Atoll, Northern Line Islands (Thaman & Tye 2015)
more species list checklist	Cook Isl. (incl. Rarotonga)	COO	230	++	861	331	29
861 All Species 331 Indigenous Species 331 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 29 Endemic Species 29 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 104 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 6 endemic) 11 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 48 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 14 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 154 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 18 endemic) 530 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of the Cook Islands (Sykes 2016) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Orchids of Tonga, Niue and the Cook Isl. (Cribb & Whistler 2011)
more species list checklist	Marquesas Isl.	MRQ	1.020	++	569	343	163
569 All Species 343 Indigenous Species 343 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 163 Endemic Species 163 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 28.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 103 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 28 endemic) 11 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 7 endemic) 42 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 14 endemic) 4 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 183 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 112 endemic) 226 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/marquesasflora/ Most recent flora Flora of the Marquesas (Lorence & Wagner 2019/2020, complete in 2 vols.); Guide floristique - Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka, Ua Pou (Butaud 2014); Guide floristique - Niva Oa, Tahuata, Fatuiva (Butaud 2014) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Marquesas (Lorence & Wagner 2019), vol. 1 Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of the Marquesas (Lorence & Wagner 2019), vol. 1
more species list checklist	Society Isl. (Tahiti, Moorea, Raiatea, Huahine, Bora Bora, Makatea, etc.)	SCI	1.628	++	1250	647	238
1250 All Species 647 Indigenous Species 646 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 238 Endemic Species 238 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 19 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 205 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 51 endemic) 20 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 8 endemic) 60 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 35 Indigenous Orchids (of them 13 endemic) 327 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 157 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 603 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Societensis (Welsh 1998); Botanique de l'ile de Tupai (Sachet 1983); Flora of Makatea (Wilder 1934); Flore de la Polynesie Francaise (Florence 1997, 2004, incomplete); Partial Flora of the Society Islands: Ericaceae to Apocynaceae (Grant & Fosberg 1974) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Pteridophytes of Society Islands (Copeland 1931) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Societensis (Welsh 1998)
more species list checklist	Gambier Isl. (incl. Mangareva Isl.)	GBI	450	+	93	51	7
93 All Species 51 Indigenous Species 51 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 7 Endemic Species 7 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 9 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 34 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 7 endemic) 42 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Census of the flora of the Gambier Islands, Polynesia (St. John 1988) Most recent flora La vegetation des iles Gambier (Huguenin 1974); Chock & Hamilton (1962); Flora of Southestern Polynesia (E. D. & F. B. H. Brown 1930-1931, 3 vols.); Flore de la Polynesie Francaise (Florence 1997, 2004, incomplete); Gambier - Guide floristique (Butaud 2013) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Southestern Polynesia, II. Pteridophytes (Brown & Brown 1932) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of Southeastern Polynesia, I. Monocotyledons (F. B. H. Brown 1931)
more species list checklist	Tuamotu Arch. (excl. Gambier Isl.)	TUA	450	+	313	133	9
313 All Species 133 Indigenous Species 133 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 9 Endemic Species 9 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 9 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 25 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 3 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 92 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 7 endemic) 180 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Southestern Polynesia (E. D. & F. B. H. Brown 1930-1931, 3 vols.); Flora of Maupiti (Fosberg & Sachet 19??); Flore de la Polynesie Francaise (Florence 1997, 2004, incomplete); Guide floristique - Atolls soulevés des Tuamotu (Polynésie francaise) Butaud & Jacq 2009); Tuamotu de l'ouest - Guide floristique (Butaud 2013); Tuamotu du centre - Guide floristique (Butaud 2010); Tuamotu de l'est - Guide Floristique (Butaud 2009) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Southestern Polynesia, II. Pteridophytes (Brown & Brown 1931) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of Southeastern Polynesia, I. Monocotyledons (F. B. H. Brown 1931)
more species list checklist	Austral Isl. (Rimatara, Rurutu, Tubuai, Raivavae, Rapa Iti)	AUI	148	+	605	357	102
605 All Species 357 Indigenous Species 357 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 102 Endemic Species 102 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 16.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 99 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 24 endemic) 9 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 52 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 10 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 187 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 73 endemic) 248 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Les Orchidees du Tubuai, suives d'un catalogue des plantes a fleurs et fougeres des Îles Australes (Hallé 1980) Most recent flora Flora of Southestern Polynesia (E. D. & F. B. H. Brown 1930-1931, 3 vols.); Flore de la Polynesie Francaise (Florence 1997, 2004, incomplete); Guide floristique - Rimatara, Rurutu, Tubuai, Raivavae (Australes) (Butaud 2014); Rapa, iles australis - Guide floristique (Meyer 2011); Terrestrial biodiversity of the Austral Islands (Meyer & Claridge 2014) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Southestern Polynesia, II. Pteridophytes (Brown & Brown 1931) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Les orchidees de Tubuai (Hallé 1980); Flora of Southeastern Polynesia, I. Monocotyledons (F. B. H. Brown 1931)
more species list checklist	Pitcairn Isl. (incl. Oeno Atoll)	PIT	6	+	167	87	10
167 All Species 87 Indigenous Species 87 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 10 Endemic Species 10 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 27 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 51 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 7 endemic) 80 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An account of the flora of Pitcairn Island (St. John 1987); List of the flora of Oeno Atoll (St. John & Philipson 1960) Most recent flora Flora of Southestern Polynesia (E. D. & F. B. H. Brown 1930-1931, 3 vols.); Flore de la Polynesie Francaise (Florence 1997, 2004, incomplete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes The pteridophyte flora of Pitcairn Island (Brownlie 1961); Flora of Southestern Polynesia, II. Pteridophytes (Brown & Brown 1931)
more species list checklist	Henderson Isl. (incl. Ducie Atoll)	HEN	37	++	67	64	4
67 All Species 64 Indigenous Species 64 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 11 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 6 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 44 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 3 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An account of the flora of Pitcairn Island (St. John 1987) Most recent flora Henderson Island (Southeast Polynesia): Summary of current knowledge (Fosberg et al. 1983); Flora of Southestern Polynesia (E. D. & F. B. H. Brown 1930-1931, 3 vols.); Ducie Atoll (Rehder & Rantall 1975) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of Southestern Polynesia, II. Pteridophytes (Brown & Brown 1931) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of Southeastern Polynesia, I. Monocotyledons (F. B. H. Brown 1931)
more species list checklist	Easter Island (Rapa Nui)	EAS	180	+	172	45	9
172 All Species 45 Indigenous Species 45 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 9 Endemic Species 9 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 17 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic) 12 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 16 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 127 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile (Rodriguez et al. 2018) Most recent flora Flowering Plants of Easter Island (Zizka 1991); Plantas de Rapa Nui. Guia Ilustrada (Dubois 2013)
NORTH WEST PACIFIC (62)
more species list checklist	Minami-Torishima (Marcus Isl.)	MCU	2	-	22	10	0
22 All Species 10 Indigenous Species 10 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 2 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 12 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora An Ecological Perspective of Marcus Island (Sakagami 1961)
more species list checklist	Palau Isl. (Republic of Palau, Western Carolines)	PLU	516	o	1094	700	138
1094 All Species 700 Indigenous Species 700 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 138 Endemic Species 138 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 12.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 123 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 12 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 5 endemic) 163 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 12 endemic) 64 Indigenous Orchids (of them 27 endemic) 333 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 82 endemic) 394 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vascular Plants of Palau with vernacular names (Fosberg et al. 1980); Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae (Fosberg et al. 1982); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae (Fosberg); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae (Fosberg) Most recent flora Flora of Micronesia (Fosberg & Sachet, 5 vols. published, 1975-1993)
more species list checklist	Northern Marianas	MRN	464	+	676	346	24
676 All Species 346 Indigenous Species 346 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 24 Endemic Species 24 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 59 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 74 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 24 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 181 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 17 endemic) 330 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Vascular flora of the northern Mariana Islands (Fosberg et al. 1975-1980) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Ferns and Orchids of the Mariana Islands (Raulerson & Rinehart 1992) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Ferns and Orchids of the Mariana Islands (Raulerson & Rinehart 1992)
more species list checklist	Guam	GUM	540	+	1031	397	12
1031 All Species 397 Indigenous Species 397 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 12 Endemic Species 12 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 61 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 105 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 29 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 194 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 8 endemic) 634 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae (Fosberg et al. 1982); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae (Fosberg); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae (Fosberg) Most recent flora The Flora of Guam (Stone 1970) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Ferns and Orchids of the Mariana Islands (Raulerson & Rinehart 1992) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Ferns and Orchids of the Mariana Islands (Raulerson & Rinehart 1992)
more species list checklist	Federal States of Micronesia (Central and Eastern Carolines: Truk, Yap, Pohnpei, Kosrae)	MIC	702	+	1197	669	131
1197 All Species 669 Indigenous Species 669 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 131 Endemic Species 131 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 10.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 141 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 12 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 13 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 4 endemic) 133 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 13 endemic) 66 Indigenous Orchids (of them 27 endemic) 314 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 75 endemic) 528 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Pohnpei (Herrera et al. 2010); Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae (Fosberg et al. 1982); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae (Fosberg); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae (Fosberg); The Endemic Plants of Micronesia: A Geographical Checklist and Commentary (Costion & Laurence 2012) Most recent flora Flora of Micronesia (Fosberg & Sachet, 5 vols. published, 1975-1993); Flora of Ponape (Glassmann 1952); Trees of Yap. A Field Guide (Cushing Falanruw 2016)
more species list checklist	Marshall Isl.	MRS	174	o	458	108	0
458 All Species 108 Indigenous Species 108 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 30 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 74 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 350 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae (Fosberg et al. 1982); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae (Fosberg); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae (Fosberg) Most recent flora Vascular Plants recorded from Jaluit Atoll (Fosberg & Sachet 1962); A review of the natural history of the Marshall Islands (Fosberg 1990); Vegetation of Bikini Atoll (Fosberg 1988); The Vascular Plants of Majuro Atoll (van der Velde 2003); Flora of Rongelap and Ailinginae Atolls (Releford 2009)
more species list checklist	Wake Isl.	WAK	8	o	111	33	1
111 All Species 33 Indigenous Species 33 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 9 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 24 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 78 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Geographical checklist of the Micronesian Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae (Fosberg et al. 1982); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae (Fosberg); A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae (Fosberg) Most recent flora Vegetation and flora of Wake Island (Fosberg 1959); Wake Island vegetation and flora, 1961-1963 (Fosberg & Sachet 1969)
NORTH CENTRAL PACIFIC (63)
more species list checklist	Hawaii (incl. Johnston Atoll, Midway Isl.)	HAW	16.729	++	2428	1250	1111
2428 All Species 1250 Indigenous Species 1249 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1111 Endemic Species 1111 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 45.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 173 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 129 endemic) 28 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 25 endemic) 145 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 106 endemic) 3 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 901 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 848 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 1178 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Hawaiian Native and Naturalized Vascular Plants Checklist (Imada, ed., 2012); Hawaiian Naturalized Vascular Plants Checklist (Imada et al., 2019) Most recent flora Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i (2., rev. ed., 2 vols., Wagner, Herbst & Sohmer 2000); Hawaiian Vascular Plant Updates (Wagner et al. 2012); Common Plants of Midway Atoll (Holthuijzen 2017); Botanical Survey of Midway Atoll (Starr & Starr 2008) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Ferns of Hawai’i (Valier 1995)
NORTH AMERICA (7)
ARCTIC NORTH AMERICA (70)
more species list checklist	Alaska (incl. Aleutes)	ASK	1.530.000	++	1591	1386	40
1591 All Species 1386 Indigenous Species 1384 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 40 Endemic Species 40 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 84 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 13 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 372 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 30 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 882 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 36 endemic) 2 Microspecies (of them endemic) 205 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of The United States, Canada and Greenland (Kartesz & Kartesz 1980); BONAP North American Distribution Atlas (www.bonap.org); PLANTS database (plants.usda.gov) Most recent flora Flora of Alaska and neighboring territories (Hulten 1968); Flora of the Aleutian Islands (Hulten 1960); Flora of North America (1993 ff., 19 of 26 volumes published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Vol. 2 (1993); A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States and Canada (Lellinger 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of North America, Vol. 26: Orchidaceae (Romero-Gonzales et al. 2002); The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida (Luer 1975); Wild Orchids of North America north of Mexico (Brown 2003)
more species list checklist	Greenland	GNL	2.175.600	++	547	445	12
547 All Species 445 Indigenous Species 440 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 12 Endemic Species 11 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 42 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 152 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 5 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 245 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 6 endemic) 5 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 102 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the vascular plants of Greenland (2nd ed., Holmen 1968); A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of The United States, Canada and Greenland (Kartesz & Kartesz 1980) Most recent flora The Flora of Greenland (2nd ed., Böcher et al. 1968); The flowering plants of Greenland (Jorgensen et al. 1958) [see also Flora of North America] Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Vol. 2 (1993); A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States and Canada (Lellinger 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of North America, Vol. 26: Orchidaceae (Romero-Gonzales et al. 2002); BONAP North American Distribution Atlas (www.bonap.org); PLANTS database (plants.usda.gov); The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida (Luer 1975); Wild Orchids of North America north of Mexico (Brown 2003)
CANADA (70-72)
more species list checklist	Canada	CDN	9.970.610	++	5106	3986	99
5106 All Species 3986 Indigenous Species 3972 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 99 Endemic Species 99 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 179 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic) 36 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 22 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 999 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 13 endemic) 72 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2678 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 79 endemic) 14 Microspecies (of them endemic) 1120 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of The United States, Canada and Greenland (Kartesz & Kartesz 1980); BONAP North American Distribution Atlas (www.bonap.org); PLANTS database (plants.usda.gov) Most recent flora The flora of Canada (Scoggan 1978, 1979, 4 vols.); Flora of North America (1993 ff., 20 of 26 volumes published). Many regional and state floras not listed here (a majority of the states has recent floras) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Les fougeres et les plantes alliees du Canada (Cody & Britton 1989); Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Vol. 2 (1993); A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States and Canada (Lellinger 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of North America, Vol. 26: Orchidaceae (Romero-Gonzales et al. 2002); BONAP North American Distribution Atlas (www.bonap.org); PLANTS database (plants.usda.gov); The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida (Luer 1975); Wild Orchids of North America north of Mexico (Brown 2003)
more species list checklist	St. Pierre & Miquelon	SPM	242	++	525	412	1
525 All Species 412 Indigenous Species 410 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 42 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 154 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 6 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 201 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 2 Microspecies (of them endemic) 113 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Atlas of the vascular plants of the island of Newfoundland and of the island of St. Pierre et Miquelon (Rouleau & Lamoureux 1992) Most recent flora Les plantes vasculaires des iles Saint-Pierre et Miquelon (LeGallo 1954) [see also Flora of North America and some Canadian regional floras] Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Vol. 2 (1993); A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States and Canada (Lellinger 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of North America, Vol. 26: Orchidaceae (Romero-Gonzales et al. 2002); BONAP North American Distribution Atlas (www.bonap.org); PLANTS database (plants.usda.gov); The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida (Luer 1975); Wild Orchids of North America north of Mexico (Brown 2003)
USA (73-78)
more species list checklist	USA (Lower 48 States)	USA	8.262.426	++	19325	15968	5527
19325 All Species 15968 Indigenous Species 15815 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 5527 Endemic Species 5455 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 28.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 449 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 40 endemic) 112 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 30 endemic) 98 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 36 endemic) 2814 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 647 endemic) 200 Indigenous Orchids (of them 25 endemic) 12295 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 4749 endemic) 153 Microspecies (of them 72 endemic) 3357 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of The United States, Canada and Greenland (Kartesz & Kartesz 1980); BONAP North American Distribution Atlas (www.bonap.org); PLANTS database (plants.usda.gov) Most recent flora Flora of North America (1993 - 2023, 22 of 26 volumes published). Many regional and state floras not listed here (a majority of the states has recent floras - see subpage "Literature"). Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of North America, North of Mexico, Vol. 2 (1993); A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern-Allies of the United States and Canada (Lellinger 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of North America, Vol. 26: Orchidaceae (Romero-Gonzales et al. 2002); The Native Orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida (Luer 1975); Wild Orchids of North America north of Mexico (Brown 2003)
more species list checklist	Bermuda	BER	53	+	217	137	14
217 All Species 137 Indigenous Species 137 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 14 Endemic Species 14 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 18 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 37 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 78 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 80 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Bermuda (Britton 1918, very outdated)
MEXICO (79)
more species list checklist	Mexico	MEX	1.964.382	+	25515	24449	12962
25515 All Species 24449 Indigenous Species 24442 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 12962 Endemic Species 12960 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 50.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1059 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 206 endemic) 173 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 113 endemic) 663 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 352 endemic) 3520 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1670 endemic) 1340 Indigenous Orchids (of them 596 endemic) 17694 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 10025 endemic) 7 Microspecies (of them 2 endemic) 1066 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico (Villasenor 2016); numerous state checklists (Listados Floristicos de Mexico) Most recent flora Numerous regional floras, especially: Flora de Aguascalientes (1982 ff., few volumes published), Flora of Baja California (Wiggins 1980); Flora of Chiapas (1981 ff., 6 vols. published); Flora of Bajío y de regiones adyacentes (Rzedowski et al., 1991 ff., 236 vols. published); Flora de Guerrero (1989 ff., 95 vols. published); Flora de Jalisco y areas colindantes (27 vols. published), Flora Novo-Galiciana (McVaugh et al., 1974 ff., 9 vols. published); Flora del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán (1993 ff., 181 vols. published); Flora de Veracruz (1978 ff., 193 vols. published); Flora Mesoamericana (southern Mexico only, 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); Pteridophytes of Mexico (Mickel & Smith 2004); Flora Novo-Galiciana, Volume 17 (McVaugh 1992); Pteridophytes. Flora of Chiapas, part 2 (Smith 1981); Flora of Baja California (Wiggins 1980); Pteridophyte flora of Oaxaca, Mexico (Mickel & Beitel 1988); Ferns and fern allies of Chihuahua, Mexico (Knobloch & Correll 1962); Listados floristicos de Mexico. IX. Flora de Durango (Elizondo et al. 1991); Flora de Mexico, Volume 6, parts 1-3: Pteridophyta (1993-1995) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Listado Actualizado de las Orquideas de Mexico (Soto Arenas 1988); Icones Orchidacearum (Mexico), Fasc. 1-6 (Hagsater & Salazar 1990-2003)
more species list checklist	Isla Guadalupe	GLP	244	++	201	152	26
201 All Species 152 Indigenous Species 152 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 26 Endemic Species 26 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 12.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 8 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 15 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 125 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 23 endemic) 49 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora The Flora of Guadalupe Island, Mexico (Moran 1996) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Pteridophytes of Mexico (Mickel & Smith 2004) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Listado Actualizado de las Orquideas de Mexico (Soto Arenas 1988)
more species list checklist	Revillagigedo Isl. (incl. Socorro Isl.)	RGI	157	+	187	154	29
187 All Species 154 Indigenous Species 154 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 29 Endemic Species 29 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 15.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 17 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 24 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 4 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 105 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 20 endemic) 33 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora The vascular flora of Isla Socorro, Mexico (Lewin & Moran 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Pteridophytes of Mexico (Mickel & Smith 2004)
TROPICAL AMERICA (8)
CENTRAL AMERICA (80)
more species list checklist	Guatemala	GUA	108.889	o	8246	7939	688
8246 All Species 7939 Indigenous Species 7935 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 688 Endemic Species 688 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 8.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 738 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic) 29 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 333 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 84 endemic) 1207 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 68 endemic) 957 Indigenous Orchids (of them 198 endemic) 4675 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 332 endemic) 4 Microspecies (of them endemic) 307 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts); Flora of Guatemala (Standley, ed., 1958-1977, outdated) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); Ferns and fern allies of Guatemala, pt. 1-3 (Stolze 1976-83) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Orchids of Guatemala: A revised annotated checklist (Dix & Dix 2000); Orchids of Guatemala and Belize (Ames & Correll 1985); Guatemala y sus orquídeas (Behar & Tinschert 1998)
more species list checklist	Belize	BLZ	22.965	+	3679	3425	71
3679 All Species 3425 Indigenous Species 3424 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 71 Endemic Species 71 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 279 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 9 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic) 145 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 9 endemic) 626 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 11 endemic) 291 Indigenous Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 2075 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 41 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 254 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Belize (Balick et al. 2000) Most recent flora Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Belize (Balick, Nee & Atha 2000); Native Orchids of Belize (McLeish, Pearce & Adams 1995); Orchids of Guatemala and Belize (Ames & Correll 1985); Lista Comentada de las orquideas de Belice (Catling & Catling 1988)
more species list checklist	El Salvador	ELS	21.041	o	3143	2897	38
3143 All Species 2897 Indigenous Species 2897 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 38 Endemic Species 38 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 380 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic) 12 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 94 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic) 536 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 400 Indigenous Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 1475 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 25 endemic) 246 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); An Annotated Checklist of the Monilophytes (Ferns) and Lycophytes of El Salvador (Monterrosa & Monro 2008); Una guia taxonomica para helechos de El Salvador (Seiler 1980); Listado de la flora Salvadorensis / Pteridophyta (Pfeiffer-Berendsohn 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Las Orquideas de El Salvador (Hamer 1974-1981)
more species list checklist	Honduras	HON	112.492	+	7613	6664	242
7613 All Species 6664 Indigenous Species 6664 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 242 Endemic Species 242 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 668 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic) 25 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 5 endemic) 298 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 61 endemic) 1123 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 28 endemic) 611 Indigenous Orchids (of them 10 endemic) 3939 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 133 endemic) 949 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de Honduras, espermatofitas (Nelson Sutherland et al. 2008) Most recent flora Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Ferns and Lycophytes of Honduras: A new annotated checklist (J. D. Reyes et al. 2021); Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); Hondurensis Plantarum Vascularium Catalogus. Pteridophyta (Sutherland et al. 1996) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft)
more species list checklist	Nicaragua	NIC	129.494	++	6342	5892	83
6342 All Species 5892 Indigenous Species 5891 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 83 Endemic Species 83 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 616 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 11 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 220 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 5 endemic) 1021 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 629 Indigenous Orchids (of them 10 endemic) 3395 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 61 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 450 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora of Nicaragua (Stevens et al., eds.) (2001-2009, 4 vols., complete); Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); Flora of Nicaragua, Vol. 4 (Helechos) (Gomez & Arbelaez 2009) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Orchids of Nicaragua, Pt. 1-6 (Hamer 1982-1985); Orchidaceae (Hamer). - In: Flora of Nicaragua, Vol. 2 (Stevens, ed., 2001)
more species list checklist	Costa Rica (except Isla del Coco)	COS	51.060	++	11192	10555	1933
11192 All Species 10555 Indigenous Species 10554 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1933 Endemic Species 1933 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 17.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1178 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 116 endemic) 10 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic) 803 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 340 endemic) 1617 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 234 endemic) 1602 Indigenous Orchids (of them 535 endemic) 5345 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 705 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 637 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica (Hammel et al., 2003-2020, 8 vols., complete); Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts); Flora Costaricensis (Burger, ed., 1971, 10 vols. published, outdated) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); The Ferns and Fern allies of Costa Rica, Panama, and the Choco. Part 1 (Lellinger 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Field Guide to the Orchids of Costa Rica and Panama (Dressler 1993); Flora Costaricensis, Family 39, part V (Maxillarieae and Oncidinae) (Atwood & de Retana 1999); Lista actualizada de las orquideas de Costa Rica (Mora-Retana & Garcia 1992); Catalogo revisado y anotado de las Orchidaceae de Costa Rica (Pupulin 2002); Orchidaceae (Dressler et al.) - In: Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, Vol. III (Hammel et al., ed., 2003)
more species list checklist	Isla del Coco (Cocos Isl.)	COC	40	++	175	161	42
175 All Species 161 Indigenous Species 161 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 42 Endemic Species 42 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 24 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 57 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 21 endemic) 4 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 27 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 6 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 67 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 14 endemic) 14 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Preliminary List of Plants from Cocos Island (Fosberg & Klawe 1966) Most recent flora Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica (Hammel et al., 2003-2020, 8 vols., complete); Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 6 of ca. 10 volumes published, plus numerous drafts) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); The ferns and fern-allies of Cocos Island, Costa Rica (Gomez 1975) [= Contribuciones a la pteridologia costarricense. VII. Pteridofita de la Isla de Cocos]
more species list checklist	Panama	PAN	75.517	+	10361	9936	1737
10361 All Species 9936 Indigenous Species 9935 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1737 Endemic Species 1737 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 16.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 973 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 44 endemic) 21 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 11 endemic) 653 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 156 endemic) 1801 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 477 endemic) 1390 Indigenous Orchids (of them 344 endemic) 5098 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 705 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 425 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Flora of Panama, vol. 1: The introduction and checklist (d'Arcy 1987) Most recent flora Flora of Panama (d'Arcy 1943-1980, 9 parts in 21 vols. published, incomplete), Flora Mesoamericana (1994 ff., 13 vols. published and the remaining families available in drafts) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1 (1995); Ferns and allied plants, with special reference to tropical America (Tryon & Tryon 1982); Flora of Panama: Checklist and index (D'Arcy 1987); The Ferns and Fern allies of Costa Rica, Panama, and the Choco. Part 1 (Lellinger 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids An updated checklist of the Orchidaceae of Panama (Bogarin et al. 2014); Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 7 (draft); Field Guide to the Orchids of Costa Rica and Panama (Dressler 1993); Flora of Panama: Checklist and index (D'Arcy 1987); Checklist of the Orchids of Panama (Dressler 1980)
more species list checklist	Clipperton Isl.	CLI	30	+	32	13	0
32 All Species 13 Indigenous Species 13 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 8 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 19 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Flora and vegetation of Clipperton Island (Sachet 1962); Flora and Vegetation of Clipperton (La Passion) Atoll (Jost et al. 2019)
more species list checklist	Isla Malpelo	MAL	1	++		0
All Species 0 Indigenous Species 0 Indigenous Species except Microspecies Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) Most recent flora Flora terreste de la isla Malpelo (Colombia) (Gonzalez-Roman et al. 2014); The biological investigation of Malpelo Island (Graham 1975)
CARIBBEAN (81)
more species list checklist	Bahamas	BAH	13.939	++	1336	1066	58
1336 All Species 1066 Indigenous Species 1065 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 58 Endemic Species 58 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 42 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 16 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 220 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 11 endemic) 53 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 732 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 42 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 270 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Bahamian Archipelago (Correll & Correll 1982); Endemic Seed Plants in the Bahamian Archipelago (Freid et al. 2014); Vascular flora of Andros Island, Bahamas (Nickrent et al. 2008) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae (Sauleda & Adams). - In: Flora of the Bahama Archipelago (Correll & Correll 1982)
more species list checklist	Turks & Caicos Isl.	TCI	430	++	416	364	7
416 All Species 364 Indigenous Species 364 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 7 Endemic Species 7 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 8 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 80 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 268 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 6 endemic) 52 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Bahamian Archipelago (Correll & Correll 1982) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of the Bahama Archipelago (Sauleda & Adams 197
more species list checklist	Cuba	CUB	114.525	+(+)	6930	6060	2897
6930 All Species 6060 Indigenous Species 6060 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2897 Endemic Species 2897 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 41.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 559 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 85 endemic) 12 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 8 endemic) 167 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 80 endemic) 928 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 246 endemic) 319 Indigenous Orchids (of them 105 endemic) 4075 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2373 endemic) 870 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012); Base de datos de especímenes de la flora de Cuba : con mapas de distribución, Versión 4.0 - 2008 Most recent flora Flora de la Republica de Cuba (1998 ff., 27 vols. published); Flora de Cuba (Leon & Alain 1946-1962, outdated) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Lista de los helechos y licofitos de Cuba (Sanchez 2017) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Las orquideas nativas de Cuba (Diaz 1988); Iconografia de orquídeas Cubanas (Marquez & Bocourt Vigli 1997); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014)
more species list checklist	Cayman Isl.	CAY	262	++	713	549	23
713 All Species 549 Indigenous Species 549 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 23 Endemic Species 23 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 3.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 23 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 12 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 101 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 28 Indigenous Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 384 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 17 endemic) 164 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Cayman Islands (Proctor 1984) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Cayman Islands (Proctor 1984); Orquideas de las Islas Cayman (Adams 1971)
more species list checklist	Jamaica	JAM	10.991	++	3739	3023	816
3739 All Species 3023 Indigenous Species 3023 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 816 Endemic Species 816 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 21.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 563 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 66 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 95 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 31 endemic) 455 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 39 endemic) 209 Indigenous Orchids (of them 55 endemic) 1697 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 623 endemic) 716 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flowering plants of Jamaica (Adams 1972); Flora of Jamaica (Warner 2007) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Ferns of Jamaica (Proctor 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchids of Jamaica (Gloudon & Tobisch 1995); A Checklist of the Orchids of Jamaica (Adams 1966); Orchidaceae (Adams, Proctor & Read). In: Flowering Plants of Jamaica (1972); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014)
more species list checklist	Hispaniola (Dominican Republic & Haiti)	HIS	76.200	+(+)	5957	4990	1923
5957 All Species 4990 Indigenous Species 4990 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1923 Endemic Species 1923 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 32.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 633 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 67 endemic) 6 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic) 176 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 82 endemic) 617 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 71 endemic) 358 Indigenous Orchids (of them 161 endemic) 3200 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1539 endemic) 967 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of Hispaniola (Liogier, ed.) (1981 ff., 9 vols. published, mostly complete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014)
more species list checklist	Navassa Isl.	NAV	5	+	139	106	3
139 All Species 106 Indigenous Species 106 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3 Endemic Species 3 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 5 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 20 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 81 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 33 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Navassa Island and its flora. 2. Checklist of the vascular plants (Zanoni & Buck 1999)
more species list checklist	Puerto Rico (incl. Mona Isl., Desecheo Isl., Culebra Isl., Vieques Isl.)	PUE	8.959	+(+)	3312	2359	250
3312 All Species 2359 Indigenous Species 2358 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 250 Endemic Species 250 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 370 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 21 endemic) 4 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 87 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 9 endemic) 414 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 15 endemic) 139 Indigenous Orchids (of them 16 endemic) 1345 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 188 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 953 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012); Liogier (1982) Most recent flora Flora of Puerto Rico (Liogier, ed., 1985-1997, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Ferns of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Proctor 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); The Orchids of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Ackerman & Del Mayda 1995); An orchid Flora of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Ackerman 1995); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014)
more species list checklist	U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Croix, St. Thomas, St. John), British Virgin Islands (Anegada, Virgin Gorda, Tortola, Jost Van Dyke Isl., Peter Isl., Salt Isl.)	VIR	495	+	1583	1070	22
1583 All Species 1070 Indigenous Species 1069 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 22 Endemic Species 22 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 61 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 38 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 193 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 33 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 745 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 19 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 513 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012); Annotated checklist of the dicotyledons of Tortola (d'Arcy 1967)); An Environmental Profile of the Island of Tortola, Addendum I, Preliminary List of Species (Lindsay 2015); Monocotyledons ang Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong 2005) Most recent flora Flora of Virgin Gorda (Little et al. 1971); The flora of the American Virgin Islands (Britton 1918); Flora of St. John (Proctor in Acevedo-Rodriguez et al. 1996); The island of Anegada and its flora (D'Arcy 1971) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Ferns of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Proctor 1989) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); An Orchid Flora of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Ackermann 1995)
more species list checklist	Anguilla	AGU	70	++	338	260	2
338 All Species 260 Indigenous Species 260 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 44 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 212 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 78 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete); A Guide to Common Plants of Anguilla (Walker 2005) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	St. Maarten (St. Martin)	STM	86	++	514	409	2
514 All Species 409 Indigenous Species 409 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 15 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 64 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 315 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 105 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete); Flora of the Netherlands Antilles (Stoffers, ed., 8 vols., 1962-1984) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	St. Barthelemy (St. Barts)	SBA	21	++	444	349	0
444 All Species 349 Indigenous Species 349 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 9 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 19 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 308 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 95 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora The flora of the island of St. Bartholomew and its origin (Questel 1941); Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	Saba	SAB	13	++	558	427	1
558 All Species 427 Indigenous Species 427 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 59 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 18 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 60 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 10 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 280 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 131 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete); Flora of the Netherlands Antilles (Stoffers, ed., 8 vols., 1962-1984) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	St. Eustatius	STE	21	++	453	353	1
453 All Species 353 Indigenous Species 353 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 32 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 16 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 37 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 12 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 256 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 100 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete); Flora of the Netherlands Antilles (Stoffers, ed., 8 vols., 1962-1984) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	St. Kitts & Nevis	STK	269	++	817	665	3
817 All Species 665 Indigenous Species 665 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3 Endemic Species 3 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 134 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 3 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 25 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 103 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 25 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 377 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 152 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977); A revised list of pteridophytes from St. Kitts (Proctor 1962) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	Antigua and Barbuda (incl. Redonda Isl.)	ABA	441	++	979	766	1
979 All Species 766 Indigenous Species 766 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1 Endemic Species 1 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 34 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 30 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 131 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 19 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 551 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 213 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	Montserrat	MTS	102	++	909	712	4
909 All Species 712 Indigenous Species 712 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 121 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 35 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 79 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 18 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 458 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 197 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	Guadeloupe (incl. Marie Galante, La Désirade, Les Saintes)	GDL	1.600	++	2065	1645	28
2065 All Species 1645 Indigenous Species 1645 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 28 Endemic Species 28 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 295 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 5 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 64 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 3 endemic) 266 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 106 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 913 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 14 endemic) 420 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flore illustree des phanerogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique (Fournet 1978); Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974); Orchidaceae (Fournet). - In: Flore illustrée des phanerogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique (1978); Atlas des Orchidées sauvages de Gouadeloupe (Feldmann & Barré 2001)
more species list checklist	Dominica	DOM	750	++	1458	1203	15
1458 All Species 1203 Indigenous Species 1202 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 15 Endemic Species 15 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 202 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 45 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 175 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 87 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 693 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 11 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 255 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of Dominica (Hodge 1954, Nicolson 1991); Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974); Flora of Dominica, Pt. 1 (Orchidaceae) (Hodge 1954)
more species list checklist	Martinique	MAR	1.102	++	1913	1483	31
1913 All Species 1483 Indigenous Species 1483 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 31 Endemic Species 31 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 226 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 58 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 240 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 6 endemic) 85 Indigenous Orchids (of them 4 endemic) 873 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 20 endemic) 430 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flore illustree des phanerogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique (Fournet 1978); Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	St. Lucia	STL	616	++	1449	1132	9
1449 All Species 1132 Indigenous Species 1132 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 9 Endemic Species 9 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.6 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 120 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 47 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 187 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 55 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 721 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 8 endemic) 317 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	St. Vincent and the Grenadines	STV	389	++	1361	1110	15
1361 All Species 1110 Indigenous Species 1110 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 15 Endemic Species 15 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 168 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 48 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 128 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 57 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 709 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 13 endemic) 251 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974)
more species list checklist	Grenada	GRE	344	++	1103	925	4
1103 All Species 925 Indigenous Species 925 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 154 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 27 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 132 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 67 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 545 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 178 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974); The Orchids of the Islands of Grenada, British West Indies (Schultes 1956, in Amer. Orch. Soc. Bull. 25)
more species list checklist	Barbados	BBD	430	++	859	583	7
859 All Species 583 Indigenous Species 583 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 7 Endemic Species 7 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 30 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 19 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 103 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 8 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 422 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 3 endemic) 276 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies (Acevedo-Rodriguez & Strong (eds.) 2012) Most recent flora Flora of Barbados (Gooding et al., 1965); Flora of the Lesser Antilles (Howard, ed., 6 vols., 1974-1989, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 2: Pteridophyta (Proctor 1977) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae Antillanae (Nir 2000); Orchid Flora of the Greater Antilles (Ackerman 2014); Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Vol. 1 (Garay & Sweet 1974); Orchidaceae. - In: Flora of Barbados (Gooding, Loveless & Proctor 1965)
more species list checklist	Trinidad & Tobago	TRT	5.048	+	3490	2361	86
3490 All Species 2361 Indigenous Species 2360 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 86 Endemic Species 86 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 297 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 6 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 79 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 6 endemic) 465 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 15 endemic) 185 Indigenous Orchids (of them 7 endemic) 1333 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 51 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 1129 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago (Baksh-Comeau et al. 2016) Most recent flora Flora of Trinidad & Tobago - Williams, R. O. et al. (1928-1979, mostly complete, plus additional volumes until 1992) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Checklist of the pteridophytes of Trinidad & Tobago (Baksh-Comeau 2000) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Native Orchids of Trinidad and Tobago (Schultes 1960)
more species list checklist	Aruba	ARU	179	+	334	272	3
334 All Species 272 Indigenous Species 272 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3 Endemic Species 3 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 58 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 2 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 211 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 62 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Zakflora (Wat in het wild groeit en bloeit op Curacao, Aruba en Bonaire) (2. ed.) (Arnoldo 1964); Flora of the Netherlands Antilles (Stoffers, ed., 8 vols., 1962-1984) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Pteridophyta, in: Flora of the Netherlands Antilles, Vol. 1 (Kramer 1962)
more species list checklist	Bonaire	BON	288	+	370	302	3
370 All Species 302 Indigenous Species 302 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3 Endemic Species 3 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 4 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 3 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 66 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 2 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 227 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 68 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Zakflora (Wat in het wild groeit en bloeit op Curacao, Aruba en Bonaire) (2. ed.) (Arnoldo 1964); Flora of the Netherlands Antilles (Stoffers, ed., 8 vols., 1962-1984) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Pteridophyta, in: Flora of the Netherlands Antilles, Vol. 1 (Kramer 1962)
more species list checklist	Curacao	CUR	444	+	516	430	5
516 All Species 430 Indigenous Species 430 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 5 Endemic Species 5 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 7 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 0 endemic) 97 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 4 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 316 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 86 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Zakflora (Wat in het wild groeit en bloeit op Curacao, Aruba en Bonaire) (2. ed.) (Arnoldo 1964); Flora of the Netherlands Antilles (Stoffers, ed., 8 vols., 1962-1984) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Pteridophyta, in: Flora of the Netherlands Antilles, Vol. 1 (Kramer 1962)
more species list checklist	San Andres y Providencia	SWC	43	o	68	66	0
68 All Species 66 Indigenous Species 66 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 66 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 2 Neophytes or Culture Escapes
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA (82)
more species list checklist	Colombia	CLM	1.141.748	+	26300	25223	8201
26300 All Species 25223 Indigenous Species 25221 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 8201 Endemic Species 8201 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 31.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1763 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 201 endemic) 37 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 16 endemic) 1469 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 462 endemic) 3806 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1132 endemic) 4511 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2336 endemic) 13637 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 4054 endemic) 2 Microspecies (of them endemic) 1077 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia (Bernal, Gradstein & Celis, eds., 2015) Most recent flora Flora de Colombia (1983 ff., 32 vols. published, very incomplete); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes The Ferns and Fern allies of Costa Rica, Panama, and the Choco. Part 1 (Lellinger 1989); Helechos y plantas afines de Colombia (Murillo-Pulido 1990); Flora de Colombia, Vol. 9: Pteridophyta 1 (Murillo-Pulido 1988) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Materials to the Orchid Flora of Colombia (Szlachetko et al., 2017 ff., 3 volumes published); Native Colombian Orchids, Vol. 1-6 (Escobar 1990-98); Orquideas de Colombia (Ortiz 1995) [contains checklist]; Lista de especies de Orquídeas registradas para Colombia: Adiciones y correcciones (Ortiz 2000, in Orquideologia 21)
more species list checklist	Venezuela (incl. Isla Margarita)	VEN	912.050	+	16658	16030	3814
16658 All Species 16030 Indigenous Species 16029 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 3814 Endemic Species 3814 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 22.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1273 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 140 endemic) 28 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 745 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 203 endemic) 2666 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 655 endemic) 1539 Indigenous Orchids (of them 292 endemic) 9779 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2522 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 628 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Nuevo Catalogo de la flora vascular de Venezuela (Hokche, Berry & Huber, eds., 2008) Most recent flora Flora of the Venezuelan Guyana (Steyermark et al., eds., 9 vols., complete); Flora of Venezuela (Lasser et al., eds., 1968-1989, 24 parts published, incomplete); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora de Venezuela, Vol. 1 + 2 (Helechos) (Vareschi 1968-69); Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, Vol. 2 (1995) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Venezuelan orchids illustrated (Dunsterville & Garay 1959-1976, 6 vols.) (reprint as Orchids of Venezuela - An Illustrated Field Guide, 1979, 2nd ed. as Illustrated Field Guide of Orchids of Venezuela, Romero & Carnevali 2000, 3 Vols.); Flora de Venezuela, Vol. XV, pt. 1-5 (Foldats 1969-70); Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, Vol. 7 (2003)
more species list checklist	Guyana (British Guyana)	GUY	214.969	+	6473	6222	464
6473 All Species 6222 Indigenous Species 6222 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 464 Endemic Species 464 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 545 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 27 endemic) 5 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 295 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 25 endemic) 1050 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 62 endemic) 568 Indigenous Orchids (of them 34 endemic) 3759 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 316 endemic) 251 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (2nd Edition) (Boggan et al. 1997) Most recent flora Flora of the Venezuelan Guyana (Steyermark et al., eds., 9 vols., complete); Flora of the Guianas / ed. by A. R. A. Görts-van Rijn (1985 ff., 34 vols. published, incomplete); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of the Guianas, Vol. 1 (Szlachetko et al. 2017); Orchidaceae (Christenson & Boggan). - In: Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (2nd Edition) (Boggan et al. 1997); Guide to the Vascular Plants of Central French Guiana: Orchidaceae (Christensen in Mori et al. 1997)
more species list checklist	Surinam	SUR	163.265	+	4681	4455	134
4681 All Species 4455 Indigenous Species 4455 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 134 Endemic Species 134 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 2.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 332 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic) 2 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 238 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 9 endemic) 823 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 22 endemic) 396 Indigenous Orchids (of them 9 endemic) 2664 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 90 endemic) 226 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (2nd Edition) (Boggan et al. 1997) Most recent flora Flora of the Guianas / ed. by A. R. A. Görts-van Rijn (1985 ff., 34 vols. published, incomplete); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes The Pteridophytes of Suriname (Kramer 1978) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of the Guianas, Vol. 1 (Szlachetko et al. 2017); Orchidaceae (Christenson & Boggan). - In: Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (2nd Edition) (Boggan et al. 1997); Orchideeen van Suriname (Werkhoven 1986)
more species list checklist	French Guiana	FRG	83.534	+	5125	4918	351
5125 All Species 4918 Indigenous Species 4918 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 351 Endemic Species 351 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 6.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 343 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 10 endemic) 3 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 290 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 31 endemic) 803 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 48 endemic) 447 Indigenous Orchids (of them 60 endemic) 3032 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 202 endemic) 207 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (2nd Edition) (Boggan et al. 1997) Most recent flora Flora of the Guianas / ed. by A. R. A. Görts-van Rijn (1985 ff., 34 vols. published, incomplete); Guide to the Vascular Plants of Central French Guiana (Mori 1997, 2 vols.); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchids of the Guianas, Vol. 1 (Szlachetko et al. 2017); Orchidaceae (Christenson & Boggan). - In: Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (2nd Edition) (Boggan et al. 1997); Guide to the Vascular Plants of Central French Guiana: Orchidaceae (Christensen in Mori et al. 1997)
more species list checklist	Ecuador	ECU	272.045	+(+)	19533	18856	6087
19533 All Species 18856 Indigenous Species 18853 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 6087 Endemic Species 6086 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 31.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1534 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 193 endemic) 15 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 1005 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 265 endemic) 2730 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 930 endemic) 4407 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2360 endemic) 9165 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2338 endemic) 3 Microspecies (of them 1 endemic) 677 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador (Moeller-Jorgensen ed., 1999); Supplements by Ulloa Ulloa & Neill (2005); Neill & Ulloa Ulloa (2011) Most recent flora Flora of Ecuador (1973 ff., 97 vols. published, incomplete); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora of Ecuador, Vol. 9 (Garay 1979); Native Ecuadorian orchids (Dodson & Escobar 1994, Dodson 2001); Calaway H. Dodson & Carlyle A. Luer (2009): Flora of Ecuador, Vol. 76: Orchidaceae. Genera Aa - Cyrtidiorchis.; Calaway H. Dodson & Carlyle A. Luer (2009): Flora of Ecuador, Vol. 84: Orchidaceae. Masdevallia and Affiliates.; Calaway H. Dodson & Carlyle A. Luer (2010): Flora of Ecuador, Vol. 87: Orchidaceae. Genera Cyrtochiloides - Epibator.
more species list checklist	Galapagos Isl.	GAL	7.844	+(+)	786	653	180
786 All Species 653 Indigenous Species 653 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 180 Endemic Species 180 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 22.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 117 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 12 endemic) 7 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 99 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 14 endemic) 15 Indigenous Orchids (of them 5 endemic) 415 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 148 endemic) 133 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador (Moeller-Jorgensen ed., 1999) Most recent flora Flora of the Galapagos Islands (Wiggins & Porter 1971); Flowering Plants of the Galapagos (McMullen 1999, Field Guide) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The orchids of the Galapagos Islands (Luer 1972)
WEST CENTRAL SOUTH AMERICA (83)
more species list checklist	Peru	PER	1.280.000	+	21175	20594	7582
21175 All Species 20594 Indigenous Species 20592 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 7582 Endemic Species 7582 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 35.8 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1319 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 142 endemic) 18 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic) 1484 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 780 endemic) 2719 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 937 endemic) 2515 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1156 endemic) 12539 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 4564 endemic) 2 Microspecies (of them endemic) 581 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru (Brako & Zarucchi 1993) Most recent flora Flora of Peru (1936 - 1995, 27 vols. published, mostly outdated); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Pteridophyta of Peru, pt. 1-6 (Tryon & Stolze 1989-94) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Icones Orchidacearum Peruvianum (Bennett & Christenson 1995-2000, Vol. 1-8, ongoing series); Orchids of Peru, Vol. I-IV (Schweinfurth 1959-1961, in Fieldiana Bot.)
more species list checklist	Bolivia	BOL	1.098.581	+	15530	14659	2975
15530 All Species 14659 Indigenous Species 14659 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2975 Endemic Species 2975 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 19.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1196 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 139 endemic) 16 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 2 endemic) 568 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 129 endemic) 2254 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 377 endemic) 1387 Indigenous Orchids (of them 552 endemic) 9238 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1776 endemic) 871 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Bolivia (Jorgensen et al. 2014) Most recent flora Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Prodromus of a Fern Flora of Bolivia (Smith & Kessler 2016 ff., over 30 parts, complete) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orquideas de Bolivia, Vol. 1 (Vasquez & Ibisch 2000); Orquideas de Bolivia, Vol. 2 (Vasquez & Ibisch 2003); Index Orchidacearum Bolivianum (Hashimoto 1993)
BRAZIL (84)
more species list checklist	Brazil	BRA	8.547.404	+	37275	36670	21693
37275 All Species 36670 Indigenous Species 36669 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 21693 Endemic Species 21693 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 58.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1440 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 528 endemic) 25 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 5 endemic) 1652 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 894 endemic) 6698 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 4244 endemic) 2780 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1790 endemic) 24075 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 14232 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 605 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Lista de Especies da Flora do Brasil (floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br) Most recent flora Many regional floras (all incomplete), especially: Flora d Bahia (ca. 85 families and groups published); Flora do Ceara (2013 ff., ca. 30 families and groups published); Flora do Sergipe (2 vols., 2013, 2015), Flora dos estados de Goiás e Tocantins (1981 ff., 51 families and groups published); Flora do Distrito Federal (2001 ff., 11 families published); Flora Ecologia de Restingas do Sudeste do Brazil (1965-1978, 22 families published); Flora do Rio de Janeiro (2017 ff., 24 families published); Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais (134 families published); Flora Fanerogamica da Ilha do Cardoso (1991 ff., 16 vols. published); Flora ilustrata do Rio Grande do Sul (1955-1992, 22 vols. published); Flora ilustrada Catarinense (Reitz, ed., 1967 ff., 184 parts published); Flora Neotropica Monograph (1968 ff., over 120 vols. published, ongoing); Especies Arboreas Brasileiras (Carvalho 2003-2014, 5 vols. published); Arvores Brasileiras (Lorenzi 2009, 3 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Flora Brasileira: Orquideas 1 (A-L), 2 (M-Z) (CD-ROM, Campacci 2000); Lista de Especies da Flora do Brasil (floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br); Orchidaceae Brasilienses (Pabst & Dungs 1975-77); Icones Orchidacearum Brasilienses (Castro & Campacci, Vol. 1, 2001)
more species list checklist	Fernando Noronha Isl.	FNI	26	-	30	29	11
30 All Species 29 Indigenous Species 29 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 11 Endemic Species 11 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 36.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 4 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 25 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 10 endemic) 1 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent flora Terrestrial vascular floras of Brazil's Oceanic Archipelagos (Alves 2006) [not seen and not included]
more species list checklist	Ilha da Trindade	ITR	11	o	16	16	12
16 All Species 16 Indigenous Species 16 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 12 Endemic Species 12 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 75 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 10 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 7 endemic) 2 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 2 endemic) 1 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 2 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) Most recent flora Ilha da Trindade & Arquipelago Martin Vaz (Alves 1998)
TEMPERATE SOUTH AMERICA (85)
more species list checklist	Paraguay	PAR	406.752	+	5199	5035	452
5199 All Species 5035 Indigenous Species 5035 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 452 Endemic Species 452 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 8.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 255 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 4 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 109 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 11 endemic) 905 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 50 endemic) 173 Indigenous Orchids (of them 19 endemic) 3592 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 368 endemic) 164 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur (Zuloaga et al. 2008); Checklist of the endemic vascular plants of Paraguay (Pena Chocarro & de Egea 2018) Most recent flora Flora de Paraguay (1983 ff., 52 vols. plus Key published, still incomplete)
more species list checklist	Uruguay	URU	176.215	+	2853	2522	141
2853 All Species 2522 Indigenous Species 2522 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 141 Endemic Species 141 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 4.9 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 114 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 2 endemic) 1 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 0 endemic) 27 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 687 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 40 endemic) 50 Indigenous Orchids (of them 8 endemic) 1643 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 90 endemic) 331 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur (Zuloaga et al. 2008) Most recent flora Flora Montevidensis (Lombardo 1982-1984, 3 vols.); Flora del Uruguay (1958-1972, only 4 vols. published) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora de Uruguay, Vol. 1 Pteridophyta (Legrand & Lombardo 1958) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids Orchidaceae. - In: Flora del Uruguay (Herter 1949)
more species list checklist	Argentina	ARG	2.780.400	+	10158	9281	1969
10158 All Species 9281 Indigenous Species 9275 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1969 Endemic Species 1966 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 19.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 401 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 28 endemic) 18 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 1 endemic) 108 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 11 endemic) 1962 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 399 endemic) 279 Indigenous Orchids (of them 30 endemic) 6513 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1500 endemic) 6 Microspecies (of them 3 endemic) 877 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur (Zuloaga et al. 2008); Catalogo de las plantas vasculares de la Republica Argentina (2 vols., Zuloaga et al. 1996) Most recent flora Flora de Argentina (Anton & Zuloaga, dir., 2012 ff., 14 vols. published, incomplete); Flora Fanerogamica Argentina (online, 87 parts published). Various regional floras, most important: Flora Patagonica (1971-1998, 7 parts in 8 vols.); Flora de Mendoza (2009 ff., 10 families published); Flora de San Juan (2003 ff., 4 vols. published); Flora Rioplatense (7 parts published); Flora del Valle de Lerma (176 families published); Biota Rioplatense (1997-2005, 11 parts published)
more species list checklist	Chile (excl. Juan Fdz. Isl.)	CLE	756.626	+	4948	4275	1928
4948 All Species 4275 Indigenous Species 4270 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 1928 Endemic Species 1928 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 39 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 117 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 20 endemic) 15 Indigenous Gymnosperms (of them 3 endemic) 16 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 14 endemic) 825 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 299 endemic) 57 Indigenous Orchids (of them 30 endemic) 3245 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1562 endemic) 5 Microspecies (of them endemic) 673 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile (Rodriguez et al. 2018); Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur (Zuloaga et al. 2008) Most recent flora Flora de Chile (1995 ff., 5 vols. published, about 50 % complete); numerous regional floras and field guides
more species list checklist	Desventuradas Isl.	DSV	30	+(+)	53	35	16
53 All Species 35 Indigenous Species 35 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 16 Endemic Species 16 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 30.2 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 7 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 27 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 15 endemic) 18 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile (Rodriguez et al. 2018) Most recent flora The flora of San Felix Island (Johnston 1931); Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands (Mueller-Dombois & Fosberg 1998)
more species list checklist	Juan Fernandez Isl.	JNF	181	+	477	259	131
477 All Species 259 Indigenous Species 258 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 131 Endemic Species 131 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 27.5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 56 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 26 endemic) 6 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 5 endemic) 52 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 17 endemic) 1 Indigenous Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 144 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 82 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 218 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Chile (Rodriguez et al. 2018); Catalogue of the vascular flora of the Robinson Crusoe or Juan Fernandez Islands (Marticorena 1998); Nouveau catalogue de la flore fasculaire de l'archipel Juan Fernández (Danton 2013, with corrections and additions 2017) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Helechos de Juan Fernandez (Barrera Moscoso 1997)
ANTARCTIC (9)
SUBANTARCTIC ISLANDS (90)
more species list checklist	Macquarie Isl.	MAQ	123	++	55	48	4
55 All Species 48 Indigenous Species 48 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 4 Endemic Species 4 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 7.3 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 6 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 14 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 2 Indigenous Orchids (of them 2 endemic) 26 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 7 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora Flora of Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2) (1993)
more species list checklist	Campbell Isl.	CMP	137	++	139	127	2
139 All Species 127 Indigenous Species 127 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 1.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 23 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 39 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 60 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 2 endemic) 12 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora Flora of New Zealand (1961-2000, 5 vols.) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Flora of New Zealand: Ferns and Lycophytes (Brownsey & Perrie, 2014, 2015) - various volumes; New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants (Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth 1989); A revised classification of New Zealand pteridophytes with a synonymic checklist of species (Brownsey, Given & Lovis 1985) Additional Reference Literature for Orchids The Nature Guide to New Zealands Native Orchids (St. George 1999)
more species list checklist	Heard & McDonald Isl.	HMD	372	+	13	12	0
13 All Species 12 Indigenous Species 12 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 4 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 1 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora Flora of Australia 50 (Oceanic Islands 2) (1993)
more species list checklist	Marion & Prince Edward Isl.	MPE	335	+	37	25	2
37 All Species 25 Indigenous Species 25 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 7 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 7 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 1 endemic) 11 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 12 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora An update on the indigenous vascular flora of sub-Antarctic Marion Island (Chau et al. 2020) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)
more species list checklist	Île Amsterdam & St. Paul Isl.	ASP	67	+	38	38	9
38 All Species 38 Indigenous Species 38 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 9 Endemic Species 9 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 23.7 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 20 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 9 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 3 endemic) 9 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 5 endemic) Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora La flore de l’île Amsterdam, état des lieux des connaissances. - Saboureau, F. (2023), Carnets botaniques no. 137. 40 p. Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)
more species list checklist	Îles Crozet	CRZ	300	+	20	20	0
20 All Species 20 Indigenous Species 20 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 7 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 5 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)
more species list checklist	Îles Kerguélen	KEG	6.993	+	40	29	2
40 All Species 29 Indigenous Species 29 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 2 Endemic Species 2 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 8 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 1 endemic) 6 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 15 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 1 endemic) 11 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighboring islands (Roux 2009)
more species list checklist	Falkland Isl.	FAL	12.173	+	261	170	14
261 All Species 170 Indigenous Species 170 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 14 Endemic Species 14 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 5.4 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 22 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 45 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 4 Indigenous Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 99 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 14 endemic) 91 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur (Zuloaga et al. 2008); SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora Flowering Plants of the Falkland Islands (Woods 2000); The vascular flora of the Falkland Islands (Moore 1968); The non-native vascular flora of the Falkland Islands (Broughton & McAdam 2002); Field Guide to the Plants of the Falkland Islands (Heller et al. 2019) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes The current status and distribution of the Falkland islands pteridophyte flora (Broughton & MacAdam 2003)
more species list checklist	Tristan da Cunha (incl. Gough Island, Nightingale Isl., Inaccessible Island)	TDC	202	o	178	98	50
178 All Species 98 Indigenous Species 98 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 50 Endemic Species 50 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 28.1 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 39 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 16 endemic) 1 Indigenous Basal Angiosperms (of them 1 endemic) 34 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 20 endemic) 24 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 13 endemic) 80 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist Vegetation and Checklist of Inaccessible Island (Roux et al. 1992); SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora The terrestrial botany of the Tristan da Cunha Islands (Wace & Dixon 1965); Vegetation and Checklist of Inaccessible Island (Roux et al. 1992) Additional Reference Literature for Ferns and Lycophytes Farne auf atlantischen Inseln (Benl & Benl 1988)
more species list checklist	South Georgia Isl.	SGE	3.756	++	78	24	0
78 All Species 24 Indigenous Species 23 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 7 Indigenous Ferns and Lycophytes (of them 0 endemic) 9 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 8 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) 1 Microspecies (of them endemic) 54 Neophytes or Culture Escapes Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025) Most recent flora The Vascular Flora of South Georgia (Greene 1964); Survey for baseline information on introduced vascular plants: South Georgia (Osborne et al. 2009)
more species list checklist	South Sandwich Isl.	SSA	310	++	2	2	0
2 All Species 2 Indigenous Species 2 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025)
more species list checklist	South Orkney Isl.	SOI	622	++	2	2	0
2 All Species 2 Indigenous Species 2 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025)
more species list checklist	South Shetland Isl.	SSI	4.700	++	2	2	0
2 All Species 2 Indigenous Species 2 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025)
ANTARCTIC CONTINENT (91)
more species list checklist	Antarctic continent	ANT	13.200.000	+	2	2	0
2 All Species 2 Indigenous Species 2 Indigenous Species except Microspecies 0 Endemic Species 0 Endemic Species (excluding endemic Microspecies) 0 % Percentage of True Endemics (excluding Microspecies) 1 Indigenous Monocotyledons excl. Orchids (of them 0 endemic) 1 Indigenous Dicotyledons (of them 0 endemic) Most recent checklist SIVFLORA: Southern Islands Vascular Flora database (v 2.0, 2025)

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