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133.0000 Family Liliaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 48 (1789), nom. cons.
16-17 genera, ca. 800 spp.
Species listed in database: 822; hybrids: 13
= Calochortaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 53 (1829)
= Compsoaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 51 (1834)
= Erythroniaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 238 (1820)
= Fritillariaceae Salisb.; Gen. Pl. [Salisbury] 56 (1866)
= Liriaceae Batsch ex Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 374 (1797)
= Medeolaceae Takht.; Sist. Magnoliof. 291 (1987)
= Paridaceae Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 131 (1827)
= Scoliopaceae Takht.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(2): 86 (1996)
= Tricyrtidaceae Takht.; Diversity Classif. Fl. Pl. 482 (1997), nom. cons.
= Tulipaceae Batsch ex Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 2: 391 (1797)
133.5104 Genus Erythronium L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 305 (1753)
Distribution: North America (24), temp. Eurasia (7)
Species listed in database: 30
= Dens-canis Tourn. ex Rupp.; Fl. Jen., ed. 3: 197 (1745), nom. inval. (pre-Linnean)
= Mithridatium Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 48 (1763)
species :
Erythronium albidum Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 1: 223 (1818)
Name: White trout-lily
Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, District of Columbia, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythronium albidum var. coloratum Sterns; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 15: 111 (1888)
species :
Erythronium americanum Ker Gawl.; Bot. Mag. t. 1113 (1808)
subspecies :
subsp. americanum
Name: Dogtooth violet, Yellow trout-lily
Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythronium americanum f. bachii (Farw.) Dole; Fl. Vermont, ed. 3: 84 (1937)
= Erythronium americanum f. carolinianum (J.F.Gmel.) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 1115 (1895)
= Erythronium americanum f. castaneum L.B.Sm.; Rhodora 31: 36 (1929)
= Erythronium americanum f. nuttallianum (Schult. & Schult.f.) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 1115 (1895)
= Erythronium americanum f. oswaldii Moldenke; Phytologia 4: 291 (1953)
= Erythronium americanum var. bachii Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 363 (1920)
= Erythronium americanum var. rubrum Farw.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 23: 128 (1939)
= Erythronium angustatum Raf.; Med. Repos., Ser. 2, 5: 354 (1808)
= Erythronium aquatile Salisb.; Trans. Hort. Soc. London 1: 331 (1812)
= Erythronium aureum Loisel.; Herb. Amat. Fl. 1: t. 51 (1828)
= Erythronium bracteatum Bigelow; Fl. Boston., ed. 2: 136: 365 (1824)
= Erythronium carolinianum J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 2(1): 546 (1791), nom. illeg.
= Erythronium flavescens Loisel.; Herb. Amat. Fl. 1: 51 (1828)
= Erythronium flavum Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 13: no. 2 (1809), nom. superfl.
= Erythronium lanceolatum Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 230 (1813)
= Erythronium nuttallianum Schult. & Schult.f.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 7: 1681 (1830)
= Uvularia caroliniana (J.F.Gmel.) Wilbur; Rhodora 63: 39 (1961)
subspecies :
subsp. harperi (W.Wolf) C.R.Parks & Hardin; Brittonia 15: 252 (1963)
Name: Harper´s trout-lily
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythronium harperi W.Wolf; Castanea 6: 24 (1941)
species :
Erythronium californicum Purdy; Fl. & Sylva 2: 253 (1904)
Name: California fawn-lily (EN)
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythronium bolanderi (S.Watson) Baker; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 21: 299 (1897)
= Erythronium revolutum var. bolanderi S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 129 (1891)
species :
Erythronium caucasicum Woronow; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1: 214 (1933)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia, Racha-Lechkhumi, Imereti); NW-Iran
33 GEO NCS 34 IRN
species :
Erythronium citrinum S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 480 (1887)
Name: Cream fawn-lily (EN)
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
variant :
var. roderickii Shevock & G.A.Allen; Phytologia 71(2): 102 (1991)
Name: Roderick´s fawn-lily (EN)
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
species :
Erythronium dens-canis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 305 (1753)
Name: Hundszahnlilie (DE), Dog´s-tooth-violet (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Germany [I]; Switzerland; Austria; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (NE-Greece, Mt. Olimbos); Ukraine
10 grb ire 11 AUT cze ger HUN SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythronium bifidum Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 2: 597 (1830)
= Erythronium bulbosum St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 70 (1880)
= Erythronium caninum Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 113 (1867)
= Erythronium dens-canis subsp. albiflorum Kricsf.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 80(9): 48 (1995)
= Erythronium dens-canis subsp. niveum (Baumg.) Buia & Panţu; Contr. Bot. Cluj (1960)
= Erythronium dens-canis var. niveum Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 1: 299 (1816)
= Erythronium dens-canis var. ovatifolium Poir. ex Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 410 (1910), nom. inval.
= Erythronium dens-canis var. prodanii Buia & Panţu; Contr. Bot. Cluj (1960)
= Erythronium dens-canis var. purpureum Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 1: 299 (1816)
= Erythronium dens-canis var. roseum Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 1: 299 (1816)
= Erythronium dens-canis var. tetragonum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 663 (1866)
= Erythronium latifolium Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 663 (1866)
= Erythronium longifolium Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 2 (1768)
= Erythronium maculatum DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 3: 197 (1805)
= Erythronium maculosum Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 286 (1779)
= Erythronium niveum (Baumg.) Pînzaru; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 41: 314 (2009)
= Erythronium niveum var. pedemontanum Pînzaru; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 41: 314 (2009)
= Erythronium obtusiflorum Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 42 (1852)
= Erythronium ovatifolium Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 8: 660 (1808)
= Erythronium vernale Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 238 (1796), nom. superfl.
species :
Erythronium elegans P.C.Hammond & K.L.Chambers; Madroño 32(1): 49 (1985)
Name: Coast Range fawn-lily (EN)
Distribution: USA (W-Oregon, Coast Ranges)
73 USA 76 USA
species :
Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 231 (1814)
Name: Glacier-lily, Yellow avalanche-lily
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia); USA (California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)
71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythronium giganteum Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 21: t. 1786 (1835)
= Erythronium grandiflorum f. giganteum (Lindl.) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 1115 (1895)
= Erythronium grandiflorum subsp. chrysandrum Applegate; Contr. Dudley Herb. 1: 190 (1933)
= Erythronium grandiflorum var. chrysandrum (Applegate) B.Boivin; Phytologia 42(1): 15 (1979)
= Erythronium grandiflorum var. chrysandrum (Applegate) Scoggan; Fl. Canada 1: 51 (1978)
= Erythronium grandiflorum var. giganteum (Lindl.) Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 2: 182 (1838)
= Erythronium grandiflorum var. maculatum A.Murray bis; Gard. Chron., n. s. 1: 832 (1874)
= Erythronium grandiflorum var. minus Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 2: 182 (1838)
= Erythronium grandiflorum var. nudiflorum C.L.Hitchc.; Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. [C.L.Hitchcock et al.] 1: 787 (1969)
= Erythronium grandiflorum var. pallidum H.St.John; Res. Stud. State Coll. Wash. 2: 113 (1931)
= Erythronium grandiflorum var. parviflorum S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 129 (1891)
= Erythronium grandiflorum var. robustum Tubergen; Nursery Cat. (van Tubergen) 1905(Flowerroots): 19 (1905)
= Erythronium leptopetalum Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 165 (1917)
= Erythronium maximum Douglas ex Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 298 (1874)
= Erythronium nudipetalum Applegate; Contr. Dudley Herb. 1: 189 (1933)
= Erythronium obtusatum Goodd.; Bot. Gaz. 33: 67 (1902)
= Erythronium pallidum (H.St.John) G.N.Jones; Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 7: 58, 174 (1938)
= Erythronium parviflorum (S.Watson) Goodd.; Bot. Gaz. 33: 67 (1902)
= Erythronium speciosum Nutt. ex Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 298 (1874)
= Erythronium utahense Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 165 (1917)
species :
Erythronium helenae Applegate; Contr. Dudley Herb. 1: 188 (1933)
Name: Pacific fawn-lily (EN)
Distribution: USA (California, vicinity of Mount Helena)
73 USA 76 USA
species :
Erythronium hendersonii S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 479 (1887), et ex Hook.f. in Bot. Mag. t. 7017 (1888)
Name: Henderson´s fawn-lily (EN)
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
species :
Erythronium howellii S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 480 (1887)
Name: Howell´s fawn-lily (EN)
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
species :
Erythronium idahoense H.St.John & G.N.Jones; Res. Stud. State Coll. Wash. 1: 91 (1929)
Distribution: USA (Idaho, Montana, Washington State)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythronium grandiflorum subsp. candidum Piper; Fl. S.E. Washington [Piper & Beattie] 61 (1914)
= Erythronium grandiflorum var. albiflorum Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 2: 182 (1838)
= Erythronium grandiflorum var. candidum (Piper) Abrams; Ill. Fl. Pacific States 1: 427 (1923)
= Erythronium grandiflorum var. idahoense (H.St.John & G.N.Jones) R.J.Davis; Contr. Fl. Idaho Leafl. 13: 13 (1946)
= Erythronium idahoense f. tricolor H.St.John; Res. Stud. State Coll. Wash. 1: 95 (1929)
species :
Erythronium japonicum Decne.; Rev. Hort. (Paris), Sér. 4, 3: 284 (1854)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); China (S-Jilin); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku); Taiwan
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythronium dens-canis var. japonicum Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14(76): 297 (1875)
= Erythronium japonicum f. immaculatum P.Y.Fu & Q.S.Sun; Fl. Liaoningica 2: 1159 (1992)
= Erythronium japonicum f. leucanthum (I.Yamam. & K.Tsukam.) Okuyama; J. Jap. Bot. 30: 32 (1955)
= Erythronium japonicum Poit.; Rev. Hort. (Paris), Sér. 4, 3: 284 (1854), nom. illeg.
= Erythronium japonicum var. leucanthum I.Yamam. & K.Tsukam.; Fl. Hakodate 192 (1932)
species :
Erythronium klamathense Applegate; Contr. Dudley Herb. 1: 151 (1930)
Name: Klamath fawn-lily (EN)
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
species :
Erythronium mesochoreum Knerr; Midl. Coll. Monthly 2: 5 (1891)
Name: Prairie trout-lily
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythronium albidum var. mesochoreum (Knerr) Rickett; Rhodora 39: 105 (1937)
species :
Erythronium montanum S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 130 (1891)
Name: White avalanche-lily
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (Oregon, Washington State)
71 CDN 73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythronium grandiflorum var. album Purdie; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey] 548 (1900)
species :
Erythronium multiscapideum (Kellogg) A.Nelson & Kenn.; Muhlenbergia 3: 137 (1908)
Name: Sierra foothills fawn-lily (EN)
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythronium grandiflorum var. multiscapideum (Kellogg) Alph.Wood; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 20: 166 (1868)
= Erythronium hartwegii S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 261 (1879)
= Fritillaria multiscapidea Kellogg; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 46 (1855)
species :
Erythronium oregonum Applegate; Madroño 3: 99 (1935)
Name: Oregon fawn-lily (EN)
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Oregon, Washington State)
71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythronium giganteum subsp. leucandrum Applegate; Contr. Dudley Herb. 1: 189 (1933)
= Erythronium oregonum subsp. leucandrum (Applegate) Applegate; Madroño 3: 106 (1935)
= Erythronium revolutum var. albiflorum Purdie; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey] 548 (1900)
= Erythronium revolutum var. praecox Purdy; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey] 548 (1900)
= Erythronium revolutum var. watsonii Purdy; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey] 548 (1900)
species :
Erythronium pluriflorum Shevock, Bartel & G.A.Allen; Madroño 37: 268, fig. 3 (1991)
Name: Manyflower fawnlily (EN)
Distribution: USA (California: Madera Co.)
76 USA
Conservation Status: of conservation concern
species :
Erythronium propullans A.Gray; Amer. Naturalist 5: 300, t. 74 (1871)
Name: Minnesota fawnlily (EN)
Distribution: USA (Minnesota: Goodhue and Rice counties)
75 USA
Conservation Status: of conservation concern
species :
Erythronium purpurascens S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 277 (1877)
Name: Purple fawn-lily (EN)
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythronium grandiflorum f. multiflorum (Torr.) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 1115 (1895)
= Erythronium grandiflorum var. multiflorum Torr.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5, no. 4), Bot. [Whipple] 146 (1857)
= Erythronium purpurascens var. uniflorum S.Watson; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 2: 171 (1880)
= Erythronium revolutum Baker; Gard. Chron., n. s. 5: 138 (1876), nom. illeg., non Sm.
species :
Erythronium pusaterii (Munz & J.T.Howell) Shevock, Bartel & G.A.Allen; Madroño 37(4): 264 (1990 publ. 1991)
Name: Kaweah Lakes fawn-lily (EN)
Distribution: USA (California: Tulare Co.)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythronium grandiflorum subsp. pusaterii Munz & J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 10: 104 (1964)
species :
Erythronium quinaultense G.A.Allen; Syst. Bot. 26: 269, fig. 3 (2001)
Name: Quinault fawn-lily (EN)
Distribution: USA (Washington, SW-Olympic peninsula)
73 USA
species :
Erythronium revolutum Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 13: n. 3 (1809)
Name: Mahogany fawn-lily (EN)
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Oregon, Washington State)
71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythronium grandiflorum f. revolutum (Sm.) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 1115 (1895)
= Erythronium grandiflorum var. smithii Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 2: 182 (1838)
= Erythronium johnsonii Bol.; Erythea 3: 127 (1895)
= Erythronium revolutum var. johnsonii (Bol.) Purdy; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey] 548 (1900)
= Erythronium smithii Orcutt; W. Amer. Sci. 7: 129 (1891)
species :
Erythronium rostratum W.Wolf; Castanea 6: 24, 25 (1941)
Name: Yellow troutlily
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
species :
Erythronium shastense D.A.York, J.K.Nelson & D.W.Taylor; Madroño 62(3): 158, figs. 2-4 (2015)
Distribution: USA (California: Shasta Co.)
76 USA
species :
Erythronium sibiricum (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Krylov; Fl. Zapadnoi Sibiri 3: 641 (1929)
Distribution: Siberia (SW-Siberia, Altay-Yenisey region); Kazakhstan; China (N-Xinjiang); Mongolia
30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Erythronium altaicum Besser ex Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 297 (1874), pro syn.
= Erythronium dens-canis var. parviflorum Regel; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(1): 437 (1868)
= Erythronium dens-canis var. sibiricum Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 7: 47 (1841)
= Erythronium krylovii Stepanov; Vĕstn. Krasnoyarsk. Gosud. Agrar. Univ. 8: 62 (2011)
= Erythronium sajanense Stepanov & Stassova; Vĕstn. Krasnoyarsk. Gosud. Agrar. Univ. 8: 60 (2011)
= Erythronium sajanense var. argenteum Stepanov; Red Book Krasnoyarsk. Territ. [ed. 3] 268 (2022)
= Erythronium sajanense var. elephantinum Stepanov; Red Book Krasnoyarsk. Territ. [ed. 3] 268 (2022)
= Erythronium sajanense var. pygmaeum Stepanov; Red Book Krasnoyarsk. Territ. [ed. 3] 268 (2022)
= Erythronium sajanense var. rubinum Stepanov; Red Book Krasnoyarsk. Territ. [ed. 3] 268 (2022)
= Erythronium sajanense var. smaragdinum Stepanov; Red Book Krasnoyarsk. Territ. [ed. 3] 268 (2022)
= Erythronium sibiricum subsp. altaicum Rukšāns; Buried Treasures 362 (2007)
= Erythronium sibiricum subsp. sulevii Rukšāns; Buried Treasures 362 (plate 221) (2007)
= Erythronium sulevii (Rukšāns) Stepanov; Vĕstn. Krasnoyarsk. Gosud. Agrar. Univ. 8: 62 (2011)
species :
Erythronium taylorii Shevock & G.A.Allen; Madroño 44(4): 360 (1997 publ. 1998)
Name: Taylor´s fawn-lily (EN)
Distribution: USA (California: Tuolumne Co.)
76 USA
species :
Erythronium tuolumnense Applegate; Contr. Dudley Herb. 1: 153 (1930)
Name: Tuolumne fawn-lily (EN)
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Conservation Status: of conservation concern
species :
Erythronium umbilicatum Parks & Hardin; Brittonia 15: 252 (1963)
subspecies :
subsp. umbilicatum
Name: Dimpled trout-lily
Distribution: USA (Alabama, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia)
75 USA 78 USA
subspecies :
subsp. monostolum Parks & Hardin; Brittonia 15: 254 (1963)
Distribution: USA (North Carolina, Tennessee)
78 USA
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.12 (Dec. 21st, 2025)

Covering 358,226 accepted species,
8,847 hybrids, 48,003 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,006,142 synonyms,
in total 1,421,218* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life