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061.0000 Family Pinaceae Spreng. ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 35 (1830), nom. cons.
10 genera, ca. 220 spp.
Species listed in database: 255; hybrids: 26
= Cedraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 265, 280 (1818)
= Abietaceae Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 222, 223 (1822), nom. cons.
= Piceaceae Gorozh.; Lekts. Morf. Sist. Archegon. 79 (1904)
= Pseudolaricoideae L.Chu Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 33(5): 429 (1995)
= Lariceae Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 354 (1913)
061.2001 Genus Larix Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4, s. p. (1754)
Distribution: north-temperate, mostly E-Asia. Russian authors accept many split species which are intergrading and only forms and varieties.
Species listed in database: 11; hybrids: 2
species :
Larix decidua Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 1 (1768)
Name: European larch (EN), Gewöhnliche Lärche (DE), Melèze d´Europe (FR)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I], Outer Hebrides [I], Orkney Isl. [I], Shetland Isl. [I], Isle of Man [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Finland [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany (Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg [I], Bayern, Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz [I], Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland [I], Sachsen [I]); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary [I]; Spain [I]; Andorra [I]; SE-France; Channel Isl. [I] (Alderney [I], Jersey [I], Guernsey [I]); N-Italy; Slovenia; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Montenegro [I]; Serbia [c]; Kosovo [c]; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus [I]; Turkey [I]; China [I]; New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Illinois [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], North Carolina [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I])
10 fin grb ire nor swe 11 AUT bgm CZE GER hun LIE lux SLO SWI 12 ado cis FRA spa 13 bih cro ITA kos mnt SLV srb 14 blr est lat lit 34 tur 36 chi 51 nzl 72 cdn 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa
Remarks: clade B (decidua agg.)
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies larix (L.) J.St.-Hil.; Expos. Fam. Nat. 2: 330 (1805)
= Abies larix var. pendula (P.Lawson) Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 213 (1850)
= Larix caducifolia Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 413 (1792), opus utique oppr.
= Larix communis Laws. ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 124 (1858), nom. illeg.
= Larix communis Lindl.; Encycl. Pl. [Loudon]: 806 (1829), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Larix communis Link; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1827: 184 (1830)
= Larix decidua f. pendula (P.Lawson) R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 6(4): 5 (1919)
= Larix decidua f. tatrensis Domin; Acta Bot. Bohem. 10: 7 (1931)
= Larix decidua f. tortuosa L.V.Orlova, V.V.Byalt & Firsov; Hortus Botanicus 14: 39 (2019)
= Larix decidua subsp. europaea (DC.) Domin; Acta Bot. Bohem. 10: 5 (1931)
= Larix decidua subsp. sudetica (Domin) Domin; Acta Bot. Bohem. 10: 6 (1931)
= Larix decidua var. pendula (Aiton) Regel; Gartenflora 20: 102 (1871), nom. illeg.
= Larix decidua var. pendula (P.Lawson) Henkel & W.Hochst.; Syn. Nadelhölz.: 134 (1865)
= Larix decidua var. pendulina (Regel) Regel; Gartenflora 20: 101 (1871)
= Larix europaea DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3: 3 (1805) (nom. illeg.)
= Larix europaea var. multicaulis R.I.Schröd. ex Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 3: 21 (1894)
= Larix europaea var. pendula J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 136 (1839), nom. illeg.
= Larix europaea var. pendula P.Lawson; Agric. Man.: 386 (1836)
= Larix europaea var. pendulina Regel; Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1868(Suppl.): 18 (1869 publ. 1870)
= Larix excelsa Link; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 182 (1827)
= Larix gracilis A.Dietr.; Fl. Berlin 2: 797 (1824)
= Larix larix (L.) H.Karst.; Deut. Fl. [Karsten] 326 (1881), nom. inval.
= Larix larix (L.) Sudw.; Gard. & Forest 2: 166 (1891), nom. illeg.
= Larix pyramidalis Salisb.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8: 313 (1808), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Larix repens Laws. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 10 (1841)
= Larix sibirica Nois. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 463 (1821), et ed. 2, 2: 10 (1851), non Ledeb. 1833
= Larix sudetica Domin; Sborn. Vyzk. Ustav. Zemed. R.C.S. 65: 97 (1930)
= Larix vulgaris Fisch. ex Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. [Spach] 11: 432 (1841), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Peuce larix (L.) Rich.; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 16: 298 (1810), nom. inval.
= Picea larix (L.) Peterm.; Pflanzenreich [Petermann] ed. 1: 236 (1844)
= Pinus laeta Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 399 (1796), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Pinus larix L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1001 (1753)
= Pinus larix var. europaea Pall.; Fl. Ross. [Pallas] 1: 2 (1784)
= Pinus larix var. intermedia Antoine; Coniferen [Antoine] 52 (1840)
= Pinus larix var. pendula (Aiton) Antoine; Coniferen [Antoine] 51 (1840)
= Pinus larix var. pendula (P.Lawson) Endl.; Syn. Conif.: 134 (1847)
variant :
var. carpatica Domin; Sborn. Vyzk. Ustav. Zemed. R.C.S. 65: 149 (1930)
Distribution: S-Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Romania; Moldova; Ukraine
11 CZE POL SLO 13 ROM 14 MLD UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Larix carpatica (Domin) Domin; Acta Bot. Bohem. 10: 4 (1931)
= Larix decidua subsp. carpatica (Domin) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 50 (2008)
variant :
var. polonica (Racib. ex Wóycicki) Ostenf. & Syrach; Pflanzenareale 2: 63 (1930)
Distribution: Poland; Slovakia; Romania; W-Ukraine
11 POL SLO 13 ROM 14 UKR
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Larix decidua subsp. polonica (Racib. ex Wóycicki) Domin; Acta Bot. Bohem. 10: 6 (1931)
= Larix gmelinii subsp. polonica (Racib.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982)
= Larix sibirica subsp. polonica (Racib.) Sukaczev
= Larix ×polonica Racib.; Fl. Polska 1: 51 (1919), Grintescu & Antonescu in Bul. Inform. Grad. & Muz. Bot. Univ. Cluj 4: 43 (1924)
species :
Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Göpp.; Monogr. Foss. Conif. 14 (1850)
Name: Dahurian larch (EN), Gmelin-Lärche (DE)
Distribution: Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Finland [I]; Estonia [I]; Siberia (W-Siberia/Siberian Urals [c], NW-Siberia, SW-Siberia [c], Altay-Yenisey region [c], S-Yakutia, Baikal region, N-Yakutia); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol); NE-Mongolia; Russian Far East (N-Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Okhotsk); North Korea
10 den fin nor 14 est 30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 NKO
Remarks: clade B (decidua agg.). There are many local types in Siberia and East Asia, formed by secondary hybridizations and best treated as varieties. Russian authors list them as full species
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies gmelinii Rupr.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 2: 56 (1845)
= Abies kamtschatica Rupr.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 2: 57 (1845)
= Abies ledebourii Rupr.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 2: 56 (1845)
= Larix amurensis Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 328 (1891)
= Larix dahurica C.Lawson; Agric. Man.: 389 (1836), nom. subnud.
= Larix dahurica f. chlorocarpa Kom.; Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 156 (1934)
= Larix dahurica f. denticulata Liou & Q.L.Wang; Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China 548 (1955)
= Larix dahurica f. erythrocarpa Kom.; Fl. S.S.S.R. 1: 156 (1934)
= Larix dahurica f. glauca Liou & Q.L.Wang; Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China 547 (1955)
= Larix dahurica f. macrocarpa Liou & Q.L.Wang; Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China 547 (1955)
= Larix dahurica f. multilepis Liou & Q.L.Wang; Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China: 548 (1955)
= Larix dahurica Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 101 (1838)
= Larix dahurica Turcz. ex Trautv.; Pl. Imag. Descr. Fl. Russ. 3(7): 48 (1846)
= Larix dahurica var. heilingensis (Y.C.Yang & Y.L.Chou) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 47 (1979)
= Larix dahurica var. prostrata Regel; Gartenflora 20: 105 (1871)
= Larix dahurica var. pubescens Patschke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 651 (1913)
= Larix dahurica var. pumila Doktur. & Flerow; Ill. Opred. Rast. Sib. 2: 68 (1909)
= Larix europaea Middend.; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 3: 255 (1845)
= Larix europaea var. dahurica Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2352 (1838)
= Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Rossiisk. Akad. Nauk 18: 41 (1920), isonym
= Larix gmelinii f. genhensis (S.Y.Li & Adair) L.K.Fu & Nan Li; Novon 7(3): 262 (1997)
= Larix gmelinii f. hsinganica (Y.C.Yang & Y.L.Chou) Y.L.Chou; Ligneous Fl. Heilongjiang 36 (1986)
= Larix gmelinii f. macrocarpa (Liou & Q.L.Wang) Y.C.Yang & Y.L.Chou; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 172 (1964)
= Larix gmelinii f. pubibasis Y.C.Yang & S.C.Nie; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 173 (1964)
= Larix gmelinii subsp. genhensis (S.Y.Li & K.T.Adair) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 50 (2008)
= Larix gmelinii subsp. prostrata (Regel) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982)
= Larix gmelinii var. genhensis S.Y.Li & Adair; Sida 16(1): 183 (1994)
= Larix gmelinii var. hsinganica Y.C.Yang & Y.L.Chou; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 177 (1964)
= Larix gmelinii var. pumila Doktur. & Flerow; Ill. Opred. Rast. Sibiri 68 (1909)
= Larix heilingensis Y.C.Yang & Y.L.Chou; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 173 (1964)
= Larix kamtschatica (Rupr.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 279 (1855)
= Larix komarovii f. divaricata L.V.Orlova, V.V.Byalt & Firsov; Hortus Botanicus 14: 41 (2019)
= Larix komarovii Kolesn.; Mater. Istorii Fl. Rastitel´n S.S.S.R. 2: 356 (1946)
= Larix koreana Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho, No. 158 (Indig. Spec. Conif. & Taxads Korea & Manchur. I.) 6 (1938), nomen, et in Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho, No. 165 (Indig. Spec. Conif. &Taxads Korea & Manchur. III.) 32 (syn.)
= Larix ledebourii (Rupr.) Cinovskis; Bot. Sady Pribaltiki Okhrana Rast. 140 (1977)
= Larix middendorfii Kolesn.; Mater. Istorii Fl. Rastitel´n. S.S.S.R. 2: 358 (1946)
= Larix ochotensis Kolesn.; Mater. Istorii Fl. Rastitel´n S.S.S.R. 2: 358 (1946)
= Larix olgensis var. heilingensis (Y.C.Yang & Y.L.Chou) Y.L.Chou; Ligneous Fl. Heilongjiang: 40 (1986)
= Larix olgensis var. komarovii (Kolesn.) Dylis; Larix Sib. Or. & Extrem. Or. 202 (1961)
= Larix pumila (Doktur. & Flerow) Doktur. & Flerow; Mater. Issl. Kolonizat. Aziatsk. Rossii 1: 147 (1912)
= Larix ×maritima Sukaczev; Trudy Issl. Lesn. Khoz. Lesn. Promysl. 10: 3 (1931)
= Pinus altaica Fisch. ex Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9: 211 (1884)
= Pinus dahurica Fisch. ex Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 101 (1838), nom. nud., ex Endl. Syn. Conif. 128
= Pinus kamtschatica (Rupr.) Endl.; Syn. Conif.: 135 (1847)
= Pinus larix Siev.; Neueste Nord. Beytr. Phys. Geogr. Erd- Völkerbeschreib. 7: 229 (1796)
= Pinus larix var. dahurica (Loudon) Antoine; Coniferen: 51 (1840)
= Pinus ledebourii (Rupr.) Endl.; Syn. Conif. 131 (1847)
= Pinus sibirica Lodd. ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 352 (1867)
variant :
var. cajanderi (Mayr) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 36 (1990)
Distribution: Siberia (NW-Siberia, SW-Siberia [c], S-Yakutia, N-Yakutia); Russian Far East (Chukotka)
30 SIB 31 RFE
Remarks: genetically weakly separated and probably best treated as variety
Synonyms: hidden
= Larix cajanderi Mayr; Fremdländ. Wald- Parkbäume 297 (1906)
= Larix dahurica subsp. cajanderi (Mayr) Nikolin; Turczaninowia 12(3-4): 69 (2009), nom. illeg.
= Larix dahurica var. cajanderi (Mayr) Staf.; Kosmos (Lvov) 38: 1296 (1913)
= Larix gmelinii subsp. cajanderi (Mayr) Kozhevn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 233 (1981)
variant :
var. japonica (Maxim. ex Regel) Pilg.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 13: 327 (1926)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido)
31 RFE 38 JAP
Remarks: often included as variety in L. gmelinii, but genetically more related to L. kaempferi
Synonyms: hidden
= Larix dahurica var. japonica Maxim. ex Regel; Gartenflora 20: 105 (1871), non L. japonica Carrière 1855
= Larix dahurica var. kurilensis (Mayr) Sargent; Silva [Sargent] 12: 4 (1898)
= Larix gmelinii subsp. japonica (Maxim. ex Regel) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982)
= Larix kurilensis Mayr; Fremdländ. Wald- Parkbäume 300 (1906)
= Pinus kurilensis (Mayr) Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 770 (1913)
variant :
var. olgensis (A.Henry) Ostenf. & Syrach; Pflanzenareale 2: 62 (1930)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); NE-China; North Korea; South Korea
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Larix amurensis Kolesn. ex Dylis; Larix Sib. Or. & Extrem. Or. 198 (1961), non Beissn.
= Larix dahurica f. viridis E.H.Wilson; J. Arnold Arbor. 1(3): 189 (1920)
= Larix dahurica var. koreana Nakai; Atlas Geogr. Dist. Korean Woody Pl. Bamboos [Tozawa & Nakai] 1: 1 (1929)
= Larix gmelinii f. viridis (E.H.Wilson) T.B.Lee; Ill. Woody Pl. Korea 233 (1966)
= Larix gmelinii f. viridis (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl., ed. 3: 513 (2017), isonym
= Larix gmelinii subsp. olgensis (A.Henry) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982)
= Larix gmelinii var. koreana (Nakai) Uyeki; Woody Pl. Distr. Chôsen 4 (1940)
= Larix koreensis Rafn; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 24: 257 (1915)
= Larix lubarskii f. pendula L.V.Orlova, V.V.Byalt & Firsov; Hortus Botanicus 14: 42 (2019)
= Larix ×lubarskii Sukaczev; Trudy Issl. Lesn. Khoz. Lesn. Promysl. 10: 9 (1931)
= Larix olgensis A.Henry; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 57: 109 (1915)
= Larix olgensis f. intermedia (Taken.) Y.C.Yang & S.Q.Nie; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 172 (1964)
= Larix olgensis f. pubibasis Y.C.Yang & S.Q.Nie; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 172 (1964)
= Larix olgensis f. viridis (E.H.Wilson) Nakai; Bull. Forest. Soc. Korea 165: 31 (1938)
= Larix olgensis var. amurensis (Kolesn. ex Dylis) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 47 (1979)
= Larix olgensis var. changpaiensis Y.C.Yang & Y.L.Chou; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 169 (1964)
= Larix olgensis var. intermedia Taken.; Bull. Beaur. Infom. Centr. China 17: 8 (1942)
= Larix olgensis var. koreana (Nakai) Nakai; Bull. Forest. Soc. Korea (Chosen Sanrin Kwaiho) 165: 32 (1938)
variant :
var. principis-rupprechtii (Mayr) Pilg.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 13: 327 (1926)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, N-Hebei, ?NW-Henan, Shanxi, Nei Mongol)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Larix dahurica var. principis-rupprechtii (Mayr) Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 21 (1914)
= Larix gmelinii f. pendula (D.S.Zhang & Y.M.Chen) L.K.Fu & Nan Li; Novon 7(3): 261 (1997)
= Larix gmelinii subsp. principis-rupprechtii (Mayr) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982)
= Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr; Fremdländ. Wald- Parkbäume 309 (1906)
= Larix principis-rupprechtii var. pendula D.S.Zhang & Y.M.Chen; J. Beijing Forest. Univ. 10(2): 113 (1988)
= Larix principis-rupprechtii var. wulingshanensis (Liou & Q.L.Wang) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 48 (1979)
= Larix wulingschanensis Liou & Q.L.Wang; Ill. Fl. Ligneous Pl. N. E. China 547 (1958)
species :
Larix griffithii Hook.f.; Himal. J. [J.D.Hooker] 2: 44 (1854) (nomen) et ed. 2, 1: 255 (1855)
Name: Sikkim larch
Distribution: E-Tibet; S-Tibet; W-Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim); Myanmar (Kachin)
36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
Remarks: clade D (griffithii agg.)
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies griffithiana Hook.f. ex Lindl. & Gordon; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 5: 214 (1850), nomen
= Larix griffithiana (Lindl. & Gordon) Carrière; Traité Gen. Conif. 278 (1855)
= Larix griffithiana subsp. kongboensis (R.R.Mill) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 51
= Larix kongboensis R.R.Mill; Novon 9: 79 (1999)
= Larix sikkimensis Hook. ex Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 171 (1875), nom. inval.
= Pinus griffithiana (Carrière) Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 16: 93 (1908)
= Pinus griffithii (Hook.f.) Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 411 (1868), non McClelland (1854)
species :
Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière; Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 11: 97 (1856)
Name: Japanese larch (EN), Japanische Lärche (DE)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I], Shetland Isl. [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark [I]; Sweden [I]; Finland [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; Austria [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [c]; Serbia [c]; Kosovo [c]; Belarus [I]; European Russia [c]; Turkey [c]; China [I]; South Korea [I]; Japan (Honshu); Taiwan [I]; Canada [I] (Newfoundland [I], Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Pennsylvania [I])
10 den fin grb ire swe 11 aut bgm ger net 12 cis fra 13 kos srb 14 blr rus 34 tur 36 chi 38 JAP kor tai 72 cdn 75 usa
Remarks: clade B (decidua agg.)
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies kaempferi (Lamb.) Lindl.; Penny Cyclop. 1: 34 (1833)
= Abies leptolepis Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 12, t. 103 (1842)
= Laricopsis kaempferi (Lamb.) A.H.Kent; Man. Conif., ed. 2 [Veitch] 403 (1900)
= Larix japonica A.Murray bis; Pines Firs Japan 94, f. 178 (1863), nom. illeg.
= Larix japonica Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 272 (1855)
= Larix kaempferi f. pendula (Beissn.) Yonek.; J. Jap. Bot. 80: 323 (2005)
= Larix kaempferi f. rubescens (Inokuma) T.Shimizu; New Alp. Fl. Japan Color 2: 359 (1983)
= Larix kaempferi Fortune ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 292 (1858), nom. illeg.
= Larix kaempferi var. pendula (Beissn.) C.K.Schneid.; Uns. Freil.-Nadelhölzer [Silva-Tarouca] 213 (1913)
= Larix kaempferi var. rubescens Inokuma; Bull. Tokyo Imp. Univ. Forests 25: 21 (1937)
= Larix leptolepis (Siebold & Zucc.) Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 128 (1858)
= Larix leptolepis f. minor (A.Murray bis) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 29 (1949)
= Larix leptolepis f. pendula (Beissn.) Sugim.; Hokuriku J. Bot. 6: 27 (1957)
= Larix leptolepis unranked pendula Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 6: 92 (1897)
= Larix leptolepis var. louchanensis Ferré & Augère; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 78: 137 (1943)
= Larix leptolepis var. minor A.Murray bis; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 2: 637 (1862)
= Larix leptolepis var. murrayana Maxim.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 3 (1866)
= Larix orientalis Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 275 (1784)
= Pinus japonica Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 275 (1784)
= Pinus kaempferi Lamb.; Descr. Pinus [Lambert] 2: 7 (1824)
= Pinus larix Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 275 (1784), sensu auct.
= Pinus leptolepis (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.; Syn. Conif. 130 (1847)
= Pinus nummularia Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 128 (1858), nom. inval.
= Pseudolarix kaempferi (Lamb.) Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum: 292 (1858)
species :
Larix laricina (Du Roi) K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 263 (1873)
Name: American larch, eastern tamarack
Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Remarks: clade A (laricina agg.)
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies microcarpa (Lamb.) Lindl.; Penny Cyclop. 1: 33
= Larix alaskensis W.Wight; Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 50: 174 (1907)
= Larix americana Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 203 (1803)
= Larix americana var. incurva Peck; Rep. (Annual) Regents Univ. State New York New York State Mus. 47: 160 (1894)
= Larix americana var. pendula (Aiton) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2400 (1838)
= Larix americana var. prolifera Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2401 (1838)
= Larix americana var. rubra Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2400 (1838)
= Larix dahurica var. americana (Michx.) Henkel & W.Hochst.; Syn. Nadelhölz.: 133 (1865)
= Larix fraseri Curtis ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 129 (1858), nom. inval.
= Larix intermedia (Du Roi) Lodd. ex J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn.: 141 (1839)
= Larix intermedia (Du Roi) Lodd. ex Link; Linnaea 15: 535 (1841)
= Larix laricina f. depressa J.Rousseau; Bull. Natl. Mus. Canada 66(17): 28 (1931)
= Larix laricina f. lutea (Jaurès & Ferré) Ouden & Boom; Man. Cult. Conif.: 215 (1978)
= Larix laricina f. parvistrobus (Jaurès & Ferré) Ouden & Boom; Man. Cult. Conif.: 215 (1978)
= Larix laricina subsp. alaskensis (W.Wight) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 51
= Larix laricina var. alaskensis (W.Wight) Raup; Sargentia 6: 105 (1947)
= Larix laricina var. americana (Michx.) Lemmon; Rep. (Annual) Calif. State Board Forest. 3: 108 (1890)
= Larix laricina var. lutea Jaurès & Ferré; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse 1(3)33: 6 (1949)
= Larix laricina var. parvistrobus Jaurès & Ferré; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse 1(4)33: 4 (1949)
= Larix microcarpa (Lamb.) Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 139, t. 47 (1839), isonym
= Larix microcarpa (Lamb.) Mirb.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 13: 71 (1825)
= Larix microcarpa var. pendula (Aiton) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 275 (1855)
= Larix pendula Salisb.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8: 313 (1808)
= Larix rubra Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 10 (1841), nom. inval.
= Larix tenuifolia Salisb.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8: 313 (1808), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Picea microcarpa (Lamb.) Peterm.; Pflanzenreich [Petermann] ed. 1: 236 (1844)
= Pinus americana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 621 (1821), nom. illeg.
= Pinus intermedia Du Roi; Harbk. Baumz., ed. 2: 114 (1800)
= Pinus laricina Du Roi; Diss. Inaug. Obs. Bot. 49 (1771)
= Pinus larix var. alba Castigl.; Viagg. Stati Uniti 2: 315 (1790)
= Pinus larix var. americana Pall.; Fl. Ross. [Pallas] 1(2): t. 1, f. 2 (1789)
= Pinus larix var. nigra Castigl.; Viagg. Stati Uniti 2: 315 (1790)
= Pinus larix var. rubra Castigl.; Viagg. Stati Uniti 2: 315 (1790)
= Pinus microcarpa Lamb.; Descr. Pinus [Lambert], ed. 2, 2: 56, t. 37 (1828), et ed. 3, 87, t. 53 (1832)
species :
Larix lyallii Parl.; J. Bot. 1: 35 (1863)
Name: Alpine larch, Lyall larch
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia); USA (Idaho, Montana, Washington State)
71 CDN 73 USA
Remarks: clade A (laricina agg.)
Synonyms: hidden
= Pinus lyallii (Parl.) Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 412 (1868)
species :
Larix masteriana Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 19 (1914)
Name: Master´s larch
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Remarks: clade C (potaninii agg.)
Conservation Status: IUCN E
Synonyms: hidden
= Larix griffithii f. masteriana (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 39 (1984)
= Larix griffithii var. masteriana (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 26 (2000)
species :
Larix occidentalis Nutt.; N. Amer. Sylv. [Nuttall] 2: 199 (1849)
Name: Western larch
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia); USA (Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)
71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: clade A (laricina agg.)
Synonyms: hidden
= Larix americana var. brevifolia Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2, 1: 357 (1867)
= Larix nuttallii Parl. ex Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 176 (1875)
= Pinus larix Douglas; Compan. Bot. Mag. 2: 109 (1836)
= Pinus nuttallii Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 412 (1868)
species :
Larix potaninii Batalin; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13: 385 (1894), et Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 112 (1899)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); E-Tibet; Myanmar (Kachin)
36 CHI TIB 41 MYA
Remarks: clade C (potaninii agg.)
Synonyms: hidden
= Larix thibetica Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 262 (1899)
= Larix potaninii var. australis A.Henry ex Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 14 (1929)
variant :
var. chinensis L.K.Fu & Nan Li; Novon 7: 262 (1997)
Distribution: China (S-Shaanxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Larix chinensis Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 68 (1896) (non Mill. 1768)
= Larix potaninii subsp. chinensis (Beissn.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 52
= Larix potaninii var. chinensis (Beissn.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 26 (2000)
= Pinus chinensis Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 769 (1913), nom. illeg.
variant :
var. himalaica (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Farjon & Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 37 (1990)
Distribution: S-Tibet (Gyirong River); C-Nepal (Langtang Khola)
36 TIB 40 NEP
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Larix himalaica W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13: 84, t. 26, 1-6 (1975)
= Larix potaninii subsp. himalaica (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 52 (2008)
= Larix potaninii subsp. langtangensis Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 8 (2009)
variant :
var. macrocarpa Y.W.Law ex W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 84 (1975)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Larix potaninii subsp. macrocarpa (Y.W.Law ex W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 52 (2008)
species :
Larix sibirica Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 204 (1833)
Name: Siberian larch, Russian larch, Russische Lärche
Distribution: Sweden [I]; Finland [I]; Estonia [I]; European Russia (C-European Russia, N-European Russia); Siberia (W-Siberia/Siberian Urals, NW-Siberia, SW-Siberia, Altay-Yenisey region, S-Yakutia, Baikal region); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia
10 fin swe 14 est RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ UZB 36 CHI 37 MON
Remarks: clade B (decidua agg.)
Synonyms: hidden
= Larix altaica Fisch. ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 127 (1858), nom. inval.
= Larix archangelica C.Lawson; Agric. Man.: 389 (1836), nom. subnud.
= Larix archangelica C.Lawson ex Trautv., Trudy Imp.S.-Peterburgsk.Bot.Sada 9: 211 (1884), nom.illeg.superfl.
= Larix decidua subsp. sibirica (Ledeb.) Domin; Acta Bot. Bohem. 10: 6 (1931)
= Larix decidua var. russica (Endl.) Henkel & W.Hochst.; Syn. Nadelhölz. 132 (1865)
= Larix decidua var. sibirica (Ledeb.) Regel; Gartenflora 20: 101 (1871)
= Larix europaea var. russica (Endl.) Beissn.; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl., ed. 2: 469 (1884)
= Larix europaea var. sibirica (Ledeb.) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2352 (1838)
= Larix pseudolarix Lodd. ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 127 (1858), nom. inval.
= Larix russica (Endl.) Sabine ex Loudon; Encycl. Trees Shrubs 1054 (1842)
= Larix russica (Endl.) Sabine ex Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9(1): 212 (1884)
= Larix sibirica f. pendula Schelle; Winterh. Nadelh.: 169 (1909)
= Larix sibirica subsp. altaica (Szafer) Sukaczev; Trudy Issl. Lesn. Khoz. Lesn. Promysl. 10: ? (1931)
= Larix sibirica subsp. baicalensis Dylis; Dokl. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 50: p. ? (1945 publ. 1946)
= Larix sibirica subsp. jeniseensis Sukaczev; Trudy Issl. Lesn. Khoz. Lesn. Promysl. 10: ? (1931)
= Larix sibirica subsp. sayanensis Dylis; Dokl. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 50: p. ? (1945 publ. 1946)
= Larix sibirica var. hybrida Y.N.Lee; Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 3: 22 (2003)
= Larix sibirica var. tittelbachii R.I.Schröd. ex Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 3: 20 (1894)
= Larix sibirica var. viridis R.E.Schroed.; Ukaz. Rast. Dendrol. Sada Moskovsk. Sel´skokhoz. Inst.: 14 (1899)
= Larix sibirica var. viridis Y.N.Lee; Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 3: 20 (2003), nom. illeg.
= Larix sukaczewii Dylis; Dokl. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 50: 489 (1945 publ. 1946)
= Pinus archangelica C.Lawson ex Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9: 211 (1884)
= Pinus larix var. intermedia Antoine; Coniferen [Antoine] 52 (1840)
= Pinus larix var. russica Endl.; Syn. Conif. 134 (1847)
= Pinus pseudolarix Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 338 (1841)
species :
Larix speciosa W.C.Cheng & Y.W.Law ex W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 84 (1975)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Remarks: clade C (potaninii agg.)
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Larix griffithiana var. speciosa (W.C.Cheng & Y.W.Law) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 37 (1990)
= Larix griffithii subsp. speciosa (W.C.Cheng & Y.W.Law) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 51
= Larix griffithii var. speciosa (W.C.Cheng & Y.W.Law) Farjon; World Checkl. & Bibliogr. Conifers 139 (1998)
species :
Larix ×czekanowskii Szafer; Kosmos (Lvov) 38: 1281-1322 (1913)
Distribution: Siberia (NW-Siberia, S-Yakutia, Baikal region); Mongolia
30 SIB 37 MON
Remarks: Larix gmelinii x L. sibirica
Synonyms: hidden
= Larix uszkanensis Sukaczev & Lamak.; nomen
species :
Larix ×marschlinsii Coaz; Schweiz. Z. Forstwesen 68(1): 12, fig. 4 (1917)
Name: Hybrid-Lärche (DE)
Distribution: Germany [c]; France [c]; etc.
11 ger 12 fra
Remarks: Larix europaea x L. kaempferi. Artificially formed, not occurring in the wild
Synonyms: hidden
= Larix ×eurolepis A.Henry & Flood; Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. 35: Sect. B. 58 (1919)
= Larix ×henryana Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 50: 52 (1919)
= Larix ×hybrida R.Farquhar & Farquhar ex Rehder; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey] 6: 3569 (1917), nom. illeg.
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 26.05 (May 20th, 2026)

Covering 359,646 accepted species,
8,890 hybrids, 47,679 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,012,517 synonyms,
in total 1,428,732* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life