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134.0000 Family Orchidaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 64 (1789), nom. cons.
over 800 genera, more than 30.000 spp. worldwide, mostly tropical
Species listed in database: 30822; hybrids: 1491
= Apostasiaceae Lindl.; Nix. Pl. 22 (1833), nom. cons.
= Cypripediaceae Lindl.; Nix. Pl. 22 (1833)
= Limodoraceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam. 44 (1847)
= Liparidaceae Vines; Stud. Text-book Bot. 2: 567 (1895)
= Neottiaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 50 (1834)
= Neuwiediaceae R.Dahlgren ex Reveal & Hoogland; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, Sér. 4, 13: 91 (1991)
= Ophrydaceae Vines; Stud. Text-book Bot. 2: 566 (1895)
= Pycnanthaceae Ravenna; Onira 12(6): 29 (2011)
= Vanillaceae Lindl.; Key Bot. 73 (1835)
134.6751 Genus Zygopetalum Hook.; Bot. Mag. t. 2748 (1827), nom. cons.
Distribution: Tropical South America, all of them Brazil, only 2 expanding to Bolivia, Peru, Argentina, Paraguay
Species listed in database: 14
= Menadenium Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 45 (1836)
species :
Zygopetalum brachypetalum Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 30(Misc.): 9 (1844)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná)
84 BRA
species :
Zygopetalum crinitum G.Lodd.; Bot. Cab. 17: t. 1687 (1831)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Eulophia stenochila (G.Lodd. ex Drapiez) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 605 (1841)
= Zygopetalum crepeauxii Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 59: 420 (1887)
= Zygopetalum crinitum var. rubellum Regel; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1855: 23 (1855)
= Zygopetalum microtus Hoffmanns. ex Rchb.f.; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 6: 661 (1863)
= Zygopetalum pubescens Hoffmanns.; Verz. Orchid., ed. 2: 61, 63 (1843)
= Zygopetalum stenochilum G.Lodd. ex Drapiez; Encyclogr. Règne Vég. 1: s. p. (1834)
species :
Zygopetalum ghillanyi Pabst; Bradea 2(14): 86 (1976)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (São Paulo)
84 BRA
species :
Zygopetalum graminifolium Rolfe; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 1892(II): 179 (1892), et Lindenia 8: 9, t. 339 (1892), Veitch, Man. Orch. Pl. 9: 52 (1893)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
species :
Zygopetalum maculatum (Kunth) Garay; Orquideologia 5: 89 (1970)
Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil; SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)
83 BOL PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Broughtonia maculata (Kunth) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 735 (1826)
= Dendrobium maculatum Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 359 (1816)
= Eulophia mackaiana Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 17: t. 1433 (1831)
= Maxillaria maculata (Kunth) Lindl.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 149 (1832)
= Zygopetalum bolivianum Schltr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 10: 50 (1922)
= Zygopetalum intermedium Lodd. ex Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 30(Misc.): 9 (1844)
= Zygopetalum intermedium Regel; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]), Suppl. 9: 22, 23 (1855), nom. illeg.
= Zygopetalum intermedium var. peruvianum Rolfe; Lindenia "9: 71 (-72
= Zygopetalum mackayi Hook.; Bot. Mag. 54: t. 2748 (1827)
= Zygopetalum mackayi var. charlesworthii R.H.Pearson; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 51: 83 (1912)
= Zygopetalum mackayi var. intermedium Mutel; Mém. Orchid. 2: 9 (1842)
= Zygopetalum mackayi var. parviflorum Regel; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1855: 22 (1855)
= Zygopetalum mackayi var. pictum Regel; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1855: 23 (1855)
= Zygopetalum maculatum f. charlesworthii (R.H.Pearson) Meneguzzo; Heringeriana 14(2): 176 (2020)
= Zygopetalum massangei Jacob-Makoy ex T.Moore & Mast.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 5: 603 (1876)
= Zygopetalum rivieri Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 45: 191 (1873)
= Zygopetalum velutinum Hoffmanns.; Verz. Orchid., ed. 2: 62 (1843), et Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 1: 835 (1843)
species :
Zygopetalum maxillare G.Lodd.; Bot. Cab. 18: t. 1776 (1832)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Alto Paraná); Argentina (Corrientes, Formosa, Misiones)
84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Eulophia maxillaris (G.Lodd.) G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Loudon], Suppl. 3: 588 (1850)
= Zygopetalum gautieri Lem.; Ill. Hort. 14, t. 535 (1867)
= Zygopetalum hasslerianum Kraenzl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 27: 389 (1900)
= Zygopetalum mandibulare Rchb.f.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 7: 684 (1877)
= Zygopetalum maxillare f. sanderianum (Regel) Meneguzzo; Heringeriana 14(2): 180 (2020)
= Zygopetalum rigbyanum Ruschi; Bol. Mus. Biol. Prof. Mello-Leitão, Sér. Bot. 83: 1 (1975)
= Zygopetalum sanderae Sander; Sander´s Orch. Guide, ed. rev. 450 (1927)
= Zygopetalum sanderianum Regel; Gartenflora 37: 657 (1888)
species :
Zygopetalum microphytum Barb.Rodr.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. 1: 109 (1877)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo)
84 BRA
species :
Zygopetalum mosenianum Barb.Rodr.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. 1: 108 (1877)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cymbidium pedicellatum Thunb.; Pl. Bras. 2: 19 (1818), nom. illeg., non Sw.
= Zygopetalum caulescens Rolfe; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 7: 544 (1890)
= Zygopetalum pedicellatum (Thunb.) Garay; Bradea 1(27): 305 (1973)
species :
Zygopetalum pabstii Toscano; Bradea 3(15): 115 (1980)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Espirito Santo)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Zygopetalum crinitum subsp. pabstii (Toscano) Meneguzzo; Heringeriana 14(2): 173 (2020)
species :
Zygopetalum reginae Pabst; Bradea 2(14): 87 (1976)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (São Paulo)
84 BRA
species :
Zygopetalum sellowii Rchb.f.; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 6: 660 (1861)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
species :
Zygopetalum silvanum V.P.Castro & Campacci; Bol. CAOB 3(4): 27 (1991)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Remarks: sometimes included in Z. maxillare
species :
Zygopetalum sincoranum V.P.Castro Neto & Campacci; Orquidário 14(2): 36 (2000)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Zygopetalum triste Barb.Rodr.; Gen. Sp. Orchid. 1: 108 (1877)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Zygopetalum maculatum subsp. triste (Barb.Rodr.) Meneguzzo; Heringeriana 14(2): 176 (2020)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life