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044.0000 Family Thelypteridaceae Ching ex Pic.Serm.; Webbia 24: 711 (1970)
5-34 genera (depending on genus concept), 1100-1200 spp. New genus concept adopted here from Fawcett & Smith (2021), based on molecular results.
Species listed in database: 1180; hybrids: 38
044.2029 Genus Abacopteris Fée; Congr. Sci. France, Xme session 1: 178 (1843)
Distribution: continental SE-Asia, Malesia, Australia, ?Africa
Species listed in database: 14
= Dryopteris sect.Abacopteris C.Chr.; Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 7: 247 (1934)
= Thelypteris subgen.Abacopteris K.Iwats.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31: 34 (1964)
= Cyclosorus subgen.Abacopteris (Fée) Panigrahi; Abstr. & Souv. Nation. Symp. Curr. Trends Pterid. Palayamkottai 13 (1991)
species :
Abacopteris afra (Christ) comb.ined.
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Principe Isl.; São Tomé; Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni); Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Sudan; Uganda; Tanzania; Angola
22 GHA GUI IVO LBR NGA SIE TOG 23 BIO BUR CAF CMN CON EQG GAB PRI RWA SAO ZAI 24 SUD 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG
Remarks: possibly of hybridogenous origin from Abacopteris x Christella, might need a separate genus
Synonyms: hidden
= Ctenitis afra (Christ) Ching; Sunyatsenia 5: 250 (1940)
= Cyclosorus afrus (Christ) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 242 (1941)
= Cyclosorus dewevrei (Christ ex Bonap.) Adams & Alston; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 1: 157 (1955)
= Dryopteris afra Christ; Mém. Soc. Bot. France 8: 107 (1908)
= Dryopteris dewevrei Christ ex Bonap.; Notes Ptéridol. 14: 207 (1924)
= Pneumatopteris afra (Christ) Holttum; Blumea 21: 306 (1973)
= Thelypteris afra (Christ) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 17: 258 (1968)
species :
Abacopteris aspera (C.Presl) Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 332 (1963)
Distribution: Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor, Terengganu); Sumatra; Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah); Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Lombok); Moluccas (Seram, etc.); ?New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (New Britain); Solomon Isl. (Bougainville); Australia (NE-Queensland)
41 THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL PHI SUL SUM 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Abacopteris multilineata var. malayensis Holttum; Rev. Fl. Malaya 2: 297, f. 173 (1955) (nom. illeg.)
= Abacopteris philippinarum Fée; Congr. Sci. France, Xme session 1: 178, Gen. 310 (1843)
= Abacopteris presliana (Ching) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 8: 248 (1938), nom. superfl.
= Aspidium asperum (C.Presl) Mett.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 225 (1863) non Gray
= Cyclosorus asperus (C.Presl) B.K.Nayar & S.Kaur; Companion Handb. Ferns Brit. India [Nayar & Kaur] 66 (1974)
= Cyclosorus philippinarum (Fée) Copel.; Fern Fl. Philipp. 1: 372 (1960)
= Dryopteris presliana Ching; Index Filic., Suppl. Tert. 95 (1934) nom. nov. for Polypodium asperum C. Presl
= Dryopteris urophylla var. novoguineensis Rosenst.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 336 (1912)
= Goniopteris aspera C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 183 (1836), nom. nov. for Polypodium asperum C. Presl, non L. 1753
= Goniopteris kennedyi (F.Muell.) F.M.Bailey; Handb. Queensl. Ferns 41, f. 31 (1874)
= Meniscium kennedyi F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 4: 165 (1864)
= Phegopteris kennedyi (F.Muell.) Luerss.; J. Mus. Godeffroy 3: 18 (1873)
= Polypodium asperum C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 24, t. 3, f. 4 (1825) (non L.)
= Polypodium kennedyi (F.Muell.) Baker; Syn. Fil. [W.J.Hooker & Baker] 8: 314 (1867)
= Pronephrium asperum (C.Presl) Holttum; Blumea 20: 112 (1972)
= Pronephrium asperum (C.Presl) W.C.Shieh & J.L.Tsai; Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2, 1: 394 (1994) (with incorrect basionym ref.)
= Thelypteris aspera (C.Presl) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 17: 261 (1968)
= Thelypteris aspera (C.Presl) K.Iwats.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31: 192 (1965)
= Thelypteris multilineata var. malayensis (Holttum) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 17: 294 (1968) (type not cited)
species :
Abacopteris birii (R.D.Dixit & Balkr.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; Sida, Bot. Misc. 59: 22 (2021)
Distribution: China (Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan); India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State)
36 CHI 40 IND
Remarks: valid species close to P. repandum fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. (2017)
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyclosorus birii (R.D.Dixit & Balkr.) Panigrahi; Pl. Sci. Res. (India) 17(1-2): 51 (1995)
= Pronephrium birii R.D.Dixit & Balkr.; Indian Fern J. 7(1-2): 20 (1990)
= Pronephrium hirsutum Ching & Y.X.Lin; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 4(1): 351 (1999)
= Thelypteris birii (R.D.Dixit & Balkr.) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 27 (2018), isonym
= Thelypteris birii (R.D.Dixit & Balkr.) Fraser-Jenk.; Annot. Checkl. Ind. Pterid. 1: 418 (2016)
= Thelypteris saruman Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 37 (2018), nom. nov. for Pronephrium hirsutum Ching & Y. X. Lin
species :
Abacopteris gardneri (Holttum) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; Sida, Bot. Misc. 59: 22 (2021)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Conservation Status: IUCN I
Synonyms: hidden
= Pronephrium gardneri Holttum; Kew Bull. 26: 81 (1971)
= Cyclosorus gardneri (Holttum) B.K.Nayar & Kaur; Companion Handb. Ferns Brit. India [Nayar & Kaur] 66 (1974)
= Thelypteris gardneri (Holttum) Panigrahi; Phytologia 31: 371 (1975)
species :
Abacopteris gracilis (Ching ex Y.X.Lin) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; Sida, Bot. Misc. 59: 23 (2021)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Abacopteris gracilis Ching; Sporae Pterid. Sin. 265, t. 62: 44-45 (1976)
= Pronephrium gracile Ching ex Y.X.Lin; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 4(1): 352 (1999)
= Thelypteris gracilis (Ching ex Y.X.Lin) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 31 (2018), nom. illeg., non Proctor 1953
species :
Abacopteris gymnopteridifrons (Hayata) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 8: 251 (1938)
Distribution: China (Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hongkong, Yunnan); Taiwan; Philippines
36 CHI 38 TAI 42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Abacopteris hekouensis (Ching ex Y.X.Lin) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; Sida, Bot. Misc. 59: 23 (2021)
= Aspidium urophyllum var. uniseriale (Hook.) Hance; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 13: 140 (1872)
= Cyclosorus gymnopteridifrons (Hayata) C.M.Kuo; Taiwania 47(2): 171 (2002)
= Cyclosorus pustulosus Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 81: 37 (1952)
= Dryopteris gymnopteridifrons Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 8: 148, fig. 75, 76 (1919)
= Polypodium urophyllum var. uniseriale Hook.; Sp. Fil. [W.J.Hooker] 5: 10 (1863)
= Pronephrium gymnopteridifrons (Hayata) Holttum; Blumea 20: 112 (1972)
= Pronephrium hekouense Ching & Y.X.Lin; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 4(1): 353 (1999) (fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2018)
= Thelypteris gymnopteridifrons (Hayata) C.M.Kuo; Taiwania 30: 61 (1985)
= Thelypteris hekouensis (Ching ex Y.X.Lin) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 31 (2018)
= Thelypteris pustulosa (Copel.) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 17: 307 (1968)
species :
Abacopteris hirtisora (C.Chr.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; Sida, Bot. Misc. 59: 23 (2021)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, S-Yunnan); Nepal; India (?Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, ?Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura); Myanmar (Chin, etc.); N-Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
36 CHI 40 IND NEP 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE
Conservation Status: IUCN EN for India (Fraser-Jenkins 2012)
Synonyms: hidden
= Abacopteris gymnopteridifrons var. bipinnatifida Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 8(4): 251 (1938)
= Cyclosorus elegans Ching; nom. nud.
= Cyclosorus hirtisorus (C.Chr.) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 8: 221 (1938)
= Cyclosorus linearifolium Ching; nom. nud
= Cyclosorus validus (Christ) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 8: 221 (1938)
= Dryopteris hirticarpa Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 2: 197, t. 11 (1931)
= Dryopteris hirtisora C.Chr.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26: 277 (1926)
= Dryopteris valida C.Chr.; J. Bot. [Morot] 21: 230, 261 (1908)
= Sphaerostephanos hirtisorus (C.Chr.) Holttum; Kew Bull. 34(2): 223 (1979)
= Sphaerostephanos validus (Christ) Holttum; Kew Bull. 34: 224 (1979)
= Thelypteris hirtisora (C.Chr.) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 17(4): 283 (1968), nom. superfl.
= Thelypteris hirtisora (C.Chr.) K.Iwats.; J. Jap. Bot. 38: 314 (1963)
= Thelypteris valida (Christ) Tagawa & K.Iwats.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 22: 101 (1967)
species :
Abacopteris macrophylla (Ching ex Y.X.Lin) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; Sida, Bot. Misc. 59: 23 (2021)
Distribution: China (NW-Guangxi, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Pronephrium macrophyllum Ching ex Y.X.Lin; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 4(1): 352 (1999)
= Thelypteris rex Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 36 (2018), nom. nov.
species :
Abacopteris nitida (Holttum) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm. ex Kovalchuk; Phytotaxa 619(2): 203 (2023)
Distribution: Sumatra (Bangka Isl.); Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan); Brunei; C-Sulawesi; N-Sulawesi; Philippines (Sula Arch., Mindanao)
42 BOR BRN PHI SUL SUM
Remarks: not in India
Synonyms: hidden
= Abacopteris nitida (Holttum) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; Sida, Bot. Misc. 59: 23 (2021)
= Cyclosorus nitidus (Holttum) Mazumdar & R.Mukhop.; Bionature 33(1): 26 (2013)
= Dryopteris urophylla var. nitida Holttum; Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 7: 249, 251 (fig.) (1934)
= Pronephrium nitidum (Holttum) Holttum; Blumea 20: 109 (1972)
= Thelypteris nitida (Holttum) K.Iwats. & M.Kato; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 31(4-6): 175 (1980)
= Thelypteris urophylla var. nitida (Holttum) K.Iwats.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 22: 94 (1966)
species :
Abacopteris nudata (Roxb.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; Sida, Bot. Misc. 59: 23 (2021)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Jammu & Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jarkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand (widespread); Cambodia; N-Vietnam; Borneo (Sarawak, Kalimantan)
36 CHI TIB 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 CBD MYA THA VIE 42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Abacopteris multilineata (Wall. ex Hook.) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 8: 253 (1938)
= Aspidium moulmeinense (Bedd.) Christ; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 247 (1902)
= Aspidium multilineatum (Wall. ex Hook.) Christ; Farnkr. Erde 249 (1897), non Mett. 1858
= Christella moulmeinensis (Bedd.) H.Lév.; Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 434 (1915)
= Cyclosorus clarkei (Sarn.Singh & Panigrahi) Mazumdar & R.Mukhop.; Bionature 33(1): 16 (2013), non (Bedd.) Ching. 1938
= Cyclosorus moulmeinensis (Bedd.) Tardieu & C.Chr.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 7: 74 (1938)
= Cyclosorus multilineatus (Wall. ex Hook.) Tardieu & C.Chr.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 7(8): 388 (1941)
= Cyclosorus nudatus (Roxb.) B.K.Nayar & Kaur; Companion Handb. Ferns Brit. India [Nayar & Kaur] 66, 69 (1974), comb. inval. (alternative name)
= Dryopteris moulmeinensis (Bedd.) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 278 (1905)
= Goniopteris multilineata (Wall. ex Hook.) Bedd.; Ferns Brit. India, t. 231 (1867)
= Nephrodium moulmeinense Bedd.; Ferns Brit. India Suppl. 18 (1876)
= Phegopteris multilineata (Wall. ex Hook.) Luerss.; Filic. Graeff. 173 (1871), non Mett. (1858)
= Pneumatopteris nudata (Roxb.) Punetha & Kholia; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 86(3): 476 (1989 publ. 1990)
= Pneumatopteris nudata var. minor Punetha & Kholia; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 86(3): 476 (1989 publ. 1990)
= Polypodium multilineatum Wall. ex Hook.; Sp. Fil. [W.J.Hooker] 5: 11 (1863) (fide Fraser-Jenkins 1997)
= Polypodium nudatum Roxb. ex Griff.; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 491 (1844)
= Pronephrium clarkei Sarn.Singh & Panigrahi; Ferns Fern-Allies Arunachal Pradesh 2: 726 (2005) (fide Fraser-Jenkins 2008)
= Pronephrium nudatum (Roxb. ex Griff.) Holttum; Blumea 21(1): 111 (1972)
= Pronephrium nudatum (Roxb.) P.Chandra; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 13(3-4): 274 (1971 publ. 1974), isonym
= Pronephrium nudatum var. minus (Punetha & Kholia) P.C.Pande & H.C.Pande; Pteridol. W. Himalaya (Kumaun) 87 (2002)
= Thelypteris celebornii Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 28 (2018), nom. nov. for Pronephrium clarkei Sarn. Singh & Panigrahi
= Thelypteris multilineata (Wall. ex Hook.) C.V.Morton; Amer. Fern J. 49: 113 (1959)
= Thelypteris multilineata var. bhutanica N.C.Nair; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 11: 193 (1969)
= Thelypteris nudata (Roxb.) C.V.Morton; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 38: 352 (1974)
species :
Abacopteris peltochlamys (C.Chr.) Holttum; Rev. Fl. Malaya 2: 295, f. 171 (1955)
Distribution: Myanmar; peninsular Malaysia (Kelantan); Sumatra; Java (many localities); Lesser Sunda Isl. (Flores)
41 MYA 42 JAW LSI MLY SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Dryopteris peltochlamys C.Chr.; Dansk Bot. Ark. 9(3): 65 (1937)
= Sphaerostephanos peltochlamys (C.Chr.) Holttum; Fl. Males., Ser. 2, Pterid. 1(5): 495 (1982)
= Thelypteris peltochlamys (C.Chr.) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 17: 303 (1968)
species :
Abacopteris repanda (Fee) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; Sida, Bot. Misc. 59: 23 (2021)
Distribution: NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh); Myanmar (Moulmein); Thailand (SW-Thailand, peninsular Thailand); Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Sumatra (incl. Lingga Arch., Riouw Arch.); Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan, Natuna Isl.); Sulawesi; W-Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Sumbawa)
40 IND 41 MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY SNG SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Abacopteris urophylla (Mett.) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 8: 251 (1938)
= Aspidium urophyllum (Mett.) Christ; Farnkr. Erde 248 (1897)
= Christella urophylla (Mett.) H.Lév.; Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 474-476 (1915)
= Cyclosorus repandus (Fée) B.K.Nayar & Kaur; Companion Handb. Ferns Brit. India [Nayar & Kaur] 66 (1974), comb. inval., alternative narre.
= Cyclosorus urophyllus (Mett.) Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 7: 77 (1938)
= Dryopteris urophylla (Mett.) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 299 (1905) (p. p.)
= Dryopteris urophylla f. uniseriata Bonap.; Notes Ptéridol. 14: 96 (1923)
= Dryopteris urophylla var. pustulosa Christ; Philipp. J. Sci., C 2: 205 (1907)
= Goniopteris dalhousieana Fée; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Strasbourg 5: 92 (1857)
= Goniopteris repanda Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.) 251 (1852), non Aspidium repandum Willd. 1810, nec Blume 1828
= Goniopteris urophylla (Mett.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 183 (1836)
= Meniscium urophyllum (Mett.) H.Itô; Nov. Fl. Jap. [Nakai & Honda] 4: 184 (1939)
= Nephrodium urophyllum (Mett.) Keyserl.; Polyp. Herb. Bunge 49 (1873)
= Nephrodium uropyllum var. pinwillii (Baker) Bedd.; Suppl. Ferns Brit. Ind. 72 (1892)
= Phegopteris urophylla Mett.; Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 2(2) [Pheg. u. Asp.]: 310 (1858)
= Polypodium cuspidatum Roxb.; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 491 (1844) (non Pronephrium cuspidatum (Blume) Holttum nec Don (1825) nec C. Presl (1825))
= Polypodium pinwillii Baker; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 5: 460 (1891)
= Polypodium urophyllum (Mett.) Hook.; Sp. Fil. [W.J.Hooker] 5: 9 (1863)
= Pronephrium repandum (Fée) Holttum; Blumea 20: 109 (1972)
= Thelypteris repanda (Fée) C.V.Morton; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 38: 340 (1974)
= Thelypteris urophylla (Mett.) K.Iwats.; S. E. Asian Stud. 3: 81 (1965)
species :
Abacopteris setosa (Ching ex Y.X.Lin) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; Sida, Bot. Misc. 59: 23 (2021)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyclosorus setosus (Y.X.Lin) Mazumdar & R.Mukhop.; Bionature 33(1): 30 (2013)
= Pronephrium setosum Y.X.Lin; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 4(1): 352 (1999)
= Thelypteris setosa (Y.X.Lin) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 37 (2018)
species :
Abacopteris yunguiensis (Ching ex Y.X.Lin) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; Sida, Bot. Misc. 59: 23 (2021)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Pronephrium yunguiensis Ching & Y.X.Lin; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 4(1): 352 (1999)
= Thelypteris yunguiensis (Ching & Y.X.Lin) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 40 (2018)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

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