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060.0000 Family Pinaceae Spreng. ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 35 (1830), nom. cons.
10 genera, ca. 220 spp.
Species listed in database: 255; hybrids: 26
= Cedraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 265, 280 (1818)
= Abietaceae Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 222, 223 (1822), nom. cons.
= Piceaceae Gorozh.; Lekts. Morf. Sist. Archegon. 79 (1904)
= Pseudolaricoideae L.Chu Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 33(5): 429 (1995)
= Lariceae Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 354 (1913)
060.3001 Genus Abies Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4: s. p. (1754)
Distribution: north-temperate. Systematics and species list taken from Gymnosperm Database (Earle, 2026)
Species listed in database: 50; hybrids: 2
= Peuce Rich.; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 16: 298 (1810)

Search for: Abies magnifica-var.-shastensis

Nothing found!
species :
Abies alba Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 7: no. 1 (1756)
Name: Weiß-Tanne (DE), European or common silver fir (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I], Isle of Man [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen [I], Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland [I], Sachsen, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Italy; San Marino [I]; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; N-Greece; ?European Turkey; Estonia [I]; Belarus; Ukraine; Cyprus [I]; USA [I] (North Carolina [I])
10 den grb ire nor swe 11 AUT bgm CZE GER HUN LIE lux POL SLO SWI 12 ADO COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV sma SRB 14 BLR est UKR 34 cyp 78 usa
Remarks: Sect. Abies
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies abies Rusby; Bull. Pharm. (Paris), reimpr.: 16 (1892), nom. inval.
= Abies alba f. columnaris (Carrière) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 55 (1919)
= Abies alba f. compacta (Parsons) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 204 (1925)
= Abies alba f. pendula (Carrière) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 11 (1949)
= Abies alba f. pyramidalis (Carrière) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 1237 (1895)
= Abies alba lusus pendula (Carrière) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 1: 191 (1897)
= Abies alba subsp. apennina Brullo, Scelsi & Spamp.; Vegetaz. Aspromonte 41 (2001)
= Abies alba subsp. pardei (Gaussen) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 36 (2008)
= Abies alba var. aurea Anon.; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 5: 231 (1874)
= Abies alba var. brevifolia Mattf.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1925: 22 (1925)
= Abies alba var. columnaris (Carrière) C.K.Schneid.; Uns. Freil.-Nadelhölzer [Silva-Tarouca] 151 (1913)
= Abies alba var. compacta (Parsons) Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees: 34 (1927)
= Abies alba var. glauca Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 3 (1855)
= Abies alba var. pardei (Gaussen) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 9 (1990)
= Abies alba var. podolica R.I.Schröd.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1899: 121 (1899)
= Abies alba var. virescens (R.Hinterh. & J.Hinterh.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 673 (1881)
= Abies argentea Chambray; Traité Prat. Arbr. Résin. Conif. 17 (1845)
= Abies baldensis Zuccagni ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 674 (1881)
= Abies candicans Fisch. ex Endl.; Syn. Conif. 96 (1847), pro syn.
= Abies duplex Hormuz.; Bull. Sect. Sci. Acad. Roumaine 10(8-9): 194 (1927)
= Abies excelsa Link; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1830: 182 (1830), nom. illeg.
= Abies excelsa var. baldensis (Zuccagni) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 674 (1881)
= Abies excelsa var. chlorocarpa Purk. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 674 (1881), nom. nud.
= Abies metensis Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 211 (1875)
= Abies miniata Knight ex Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 8 (1875)
= Abies minor Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 412 (1792), opus utique oppr.
= Abies nobilis A.Dietr.; Fl. Berlin [Dietrich] 2: 793 (1824), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Abies pardei Gaussen; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 57: 358 (1928 publ. 1929)
= Abies pardei subsp. pancicii Rac & Lovrić; Simpoz. Proucavanje Biljnog Zivotinjskog Sveta sa Aspekta Problema Zaštite i Unapredenja Zivotne Sredine Kragujevac 80 (1988)
= Abies pectinata (Lam.) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 3: 14 (1805) (nom. illeg.)
= Abies pectinata f. pendula (Carrière) Conw.; Abh. Landesk. Prov. Westpreussen 9: 161 (1895)
= Abies pectinata var. columnaris Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris), sér. 4, 8: 40 (1859)
= Abies pectinata var. pendula Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif.: 207 (1855)
= Abies pectinata var. pendula-gracilis Sénécl.; Conifères: 14 (1868)
= Abies pectinata var. podolica R.I.Schröd.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1899: 121 (1899)
= Abies pectinata var. pyramidalis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif.: 207 (1855)
= Abies pectinata var. variegata J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 107 (1839)
= Abies picea (L.) Bluff & Fingerh.; Comp. Fl. German. [Bluff & Fingerhuth] 1: 541 (1825), nom. illeg.
= Abies picea (L.) Lindl.; Penny Cyclop. 1: 29 (1833), isonym
= Abies rinzii K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 218 (1873), nom. illeg.
= Abies taxifolia Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 1 (Cat. Pl. Horti Paris.) 356 (1804) non Duhamel
= Abies taxifolia Duhamel; Traité Arbr. Arbust. 1: 3 (1755)
= Abies taxifolia Raf.; New Fl. 1: 38 (1836)
= Abies tenuirifolia Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk.: 121 (1909)
= Abies vulgaris Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 6: 514 (1804)
= Peuce abies Rich.; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 16: 298 (1810), nom. inval.
= Picea cinerea Baumann ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 153 (1858)
= Picea excelsa Wender.; Pfl. Bot. Gärt. 1(Conif.): 11 (1851), nom. illeg.
= Picea kukunaria Wender.; Pfl. Bot. Gärt. 11 (1832)
= Picea metensis Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 152 (1858)
= Picea pectinata (Lam.) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2329 (1838)
= Picea pectinata var. compacta Parsons; Descr. Cat. Orn. Trees: 65 (1887)
= Picea pectinata var. pendula (Carrière) Godefroy ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum: 153 (1858)
= Picea pyramidalis Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 49 (1862)
= Picea rinzi Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 152 (1858), pro syn.
= Picea tenuifolia Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 433 (1891)
= Pinus abies Du Roi; Diss. Inaug. Obs. Bot. 39 (1771), nom. illeg.
= Pinus abies var. pectinata (Lam.) Christ; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 3: 542 (1863)
= Pinus alba (Mill.) Münchh.; Hausvater 5(1): 222 (1770)
= Pinus alba var. planifolia (Mill.) Münchh.; Hausvater 5: 222 (1770)
= Pinus baldensis Zuccagni; Cent. Observ. Pl. 1: 158 (1806)
= Pinus heterophylla K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 295 (1849)
= Pinus lucida Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 399 (1796)
= Pinus pectinata Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 202 (1779), nom. illeg.
= Pinus picea f. columnaris (Carrière) Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 774 (1913)
= Pinus picea f. pendula (Carrière) Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 774 (1913)
= Pinus picea f. pyramidalis (Carrière) Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 774 (1913)
= Pinus picea L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1001 (1753)
species :
Abies amabilis (Douglas ex Loudon) Douglas ex J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 125. I. 44 (1839)
Name: Pacific silver fir (EN)
Distribution: SE-Alaska; Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Oregon, Washington State)
70 ASK 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: Sect. Amabilis
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies grandis Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer., Bot. N. Brit. Amer. 2: 163 (1838), nom. illeg.
= Abies grandis var. densifolia Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 599 (1877)
= Picea amabilis (Douglas ex J.Forbes) Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum: 154 (1858)
= Pinus amabilis (Douglas ex J.Forbes) Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 426 (1868)
species :
Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 3 (1768)
Name: Balsam fir (EN)
Distribution: Slovakia [I]; Estonia [I]; Canada (Alberta, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Connecticut, Iowa, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
11 slo 14 est 70 CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Remarks: Sect. Balsamea
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies balsamea f. hudsonia (Jacques) Fernald & Weath.; Rhodora 34: 190 (1932)
= Abies balsamea f. nana (J.Nelson) Beissn.; Handb. Conif. [Beissner] 44 (1887)
= Abies balsamea var. brachylepis Willk.; Index Sem. (Dorpat) 1868: 7 (1869)
= Abies balsamea var. hudsonia (Jacques) H.J.Veitch; Man. Conif.: 88 (1881)
= Abies balsamea var. longifolia Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2339 (1838)
= Abies balsamea var. macrocarpa A.H.Kent; Man. Conif., ed. 2 [Veitch] 492 (1900)
= Abies balsamea var. nana (J.Nelson) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2.: 294 (1867)
= Abies balsamifera Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 207 (1803)
= Abies fraseri var. hudsonia (Jacques) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif.: 200 (1855)
= Abies fraseri var. nana Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 209 (1850)
= Abies hudsonia Jacques; J. Soc. Agron. Prat. 9: 199 (1829)
= Abies minor Duhamel ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 143 (1858)
= Peuce balsamea (L.) Rich.; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 16: 298 (1810)
= Picea aromatica Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 310 (1867), pro syn.
= Picea balsamea (L.) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2339 (1838)
= Picea balsamea var. longifolia Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2339 (1838)
= Picea balsamea var. nana J.Nelson; Pinaceae [Nelson] 37 (1866)
= Picea fraseri var. hudsonia (Jacques) Knight & Perry; Syn. Conif. 39 (1850)
= Picea hudsonia (Jacques) F.Scott; Art Beautifying Suburban Home Grounds 551 (1870)
= Pinus balsamea L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1002 (1753)
= Pinus balsamea var. longifolia (Loudon) Endl.; Syn. Conif.: 103 (1847)
= Pinus taxifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 399 (1796), nom. illeg. superfl.
variant :
var. phanerolepis Fernald; Rhodora 11: 203 (1909)
Distribution: Estonia [I]; Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); USA (Maine, New Hampshire, Virginia, Vermont, West Virginia)
14 est 72 CDN 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies balsamea f. phanerolepis (Fernald) Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees, ed. 2: 16 (1940)
= Abies balsamea subsp. phanerolepis (Fernald) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 18 (1982)
= Abies intermedia Fulling; Castanea 1: 93 (1936)
= Abies ×phanerolepis (Fernald) T.S.Liu; Monogr. Gen. Abies 316 (1971)
species :
Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 14(2): 16 (1976)
Name: Baishan fir (EN)
Distribution: China (SW-Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Remarks: Sect. Pseudopicea
Conservation Status: IUCN E. Only about 3-5 specimens known in the wild
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies fabri subsp. beshanzuensis (M.H.Wu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 39 (2008)
= Abies faberi var. beshanzuensis (M.H.Wu) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 13 (1990)
species :
Abies bracteata (D.Don) Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 394 (1841)
Name: Santa Lucia fir, Bristlecone fir (EN)
Distribution: USA (California: Santa Lucia Mts.)
76 USA
Remarks: Sect. Bracteata
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies bracteata (D.Don) Poit.; Rev. Hort. (Paris), Sér. 2, 4: 7 (1845), isonym
= Abies venusta (Douglas) K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 210 (1873)
= Picea bracteata (D.Don) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2348 (1838)
= Pinus venusta Douglas; Compan. Bot. Mag. 2: 152 (1836)
species :
Abies cephalonica J.W.Loudon; Gard. Mag. & Reg. Rural Domest. Improv. 14: 81 (1838)
Name: Griechische Tanne (DE), Grecian fir (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Hungary [I]; Slovenia [I]; Serbia [c]; Kosovo [c]; Greece (mountains in mainland, Evvoia, Kefallenia); East Aegaean Isl.; Cyprus [I]
11 ger hun 13 GRC kos slv srb 34 cyp EAI
Remarks: Sect. Abies. Due to introgression (see Abies x borisii-regis) northern populations are not pure.
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies acicularis Maxim. ex Lavallée; Énum. Arbres: 257 (1877), pro syn.
= Abies alba subsp. cephalonica (Loudon) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 5 (1890)
= Abies apollinis Link; Linnaea 15: 528 (1841)
= Abies apollinis var. panachaica (Heldr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 702 (1884)
= Abies apollinis var. reginae-amaliae (Heldr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 702 (1884)
= Abies cephalonica f. pseudocilicica Guinier & Maire; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 187 (1908)
= Abies cephalonica subsp. apollinis (Link) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 37 (2008)
= Abies cephalonica subsp. peloponnesiaca (Haage ex K.Koch) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 37 (2008)
= Abies cephalonica var. apollinis (Link) Link & Beissn.; Handb. Conif. [Beissner] 68 (1887)
= Abies cephalonica var. arcadica Henkel & W.Hochst.; Syn. Nadelhölz. 182 (1865)
= Abies cephalonica var. graeca (Fraas) T.S.Liu; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 25 (1-2): 95 (1972), without basionym ref., Monogr. Abies 222, 354 (1971 publ. 1973), validly publ., et in Quart J. Taiwan Mus., 27 (1-2): 220 (1974)
= Abies cephalonica var. heterophylla K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 295 (1849)
= Abies cephalonica var. parnassica Henkel & W.Hochst.; Syn. Nadelhölz. 181 (1865)
= Abies cephalonica var. peloponnesiaca (Haage ex K.Koch) Viguié & Gaussen; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 58: 307 (1929)
= Abies cephalonica var. reginae-amaliae (Heldr.) Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 441 (1891)
= Abies cephalonica var. submutica E.Vilm.; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 60: 578 (1888)
= Abies luscombeana Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2325 (1838)
= Abies panachaica Heldr. ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 422 (1868)
= Abies peloponnesiaca Haage ex K.Koch; Wochenschr. Gärtnerei Pflanzenk. 1: Gartennachr. 12 (1858)
= Abies peloponnesiaca Haage ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 422 (1868)
= Abies peloponnesica Haage ex Heldr.; Gartenflora 9: 313 (1860)
= Abies picea var. apollinis (Link) Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 210 (1850)
= Abies reginae-amaliae Heldr.; Gartenflora 9: 313 (1860)
= Picea apollinis (Link) Rauch. ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 44 (1862)
= Picea apollinis var. panachaica (Heldr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 702 (1884)
= Picea cephalonica (Loudon) Loudon; Gard. Mag. & Reg. Rural Domest. Improv., n.s., 5: 238 (1839), et Encycl. Trees Shrubs 1039, f. 1940 (1842)
= Picea cephalonica var. panachaica (Heldr.) Lindl.; Pinet. Brit. 2: 175 (1868)
= Picea panachaica Heldr. ex.Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 283 (1867)
= Pinus abies var. apollinis (Link) Endl.; Syn. Conif. 96 (1847)
= Pinus abies var. cephalonica (Loudon) Christ; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 3: 544 (1864)
= Pinus abies var. panachaica (Heldr.) Christ; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 3: 544 (1863)
= Pinus apollinis (Link) Antoine; Coniferen [Antoine] 6: 73 (1841)
= Pinus cephalonica (Loudon) Endl.; Cat. Horti Vindob. 1: 218 (1842)
= Pinus cephalonica var. reginae-amaliae (Heldr.) Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 774 (1913)
= Pinus peloponnesiaca (Haage ex K.Koch) Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 441 (1891)
= Pinus picea var. graeca Fraas; Syn. Pl. Fl. Class.: 265 (1845)
= Pinus reginae-ameliae K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 391 (Index) (1873)
species :
Abies chensiensis Tiegh.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 38: 413 (1892)
Name: Shensi fir (EN)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, SW-Henan, W-Hubei, S-Shaanxi, W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Remarks: Sect. Pseudopicea
Conservation Status: IUCN V
variant :
var. ernestii (Rehder) T.S.Liu; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 25 (1-2): 94, 133 (1972), without basionym ref., etl. c., 25 (3-4): 236 (1972), validly publ., & T. S. Liu, Monogr. Abies 135, 355 (1971 publ. 1973)
Name: Ernest´s fir (EN)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan, SW-Gansu, W-Sichuan); SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Conservation Status: IUCN I
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies beissneriana Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 46 (1914), nom. illeg.
= Abies ernestii Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 85 (1939)
= Abies recurvata subsp. ernestii (Rehder) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 44 (2008)
= Abies recurvata var. ernestii (Rehder) C.T.Kuan; Fl. Sichuan. 2: 46 (1983)
= Abies recurvata var. ernestii (Rehder) Rushforth; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41(3): 536 (1984), isonym
variant :
var. salouenensis (Bordères & Gaussen) Silba; Phytologia 68: 10 (1990)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)
36 CHI TIB 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies chensiensis subsp. salouenensis (Bordères & Gaussen) Rushforth; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41(3): 539 (1984)
= Abies ernestii var. salouenensis (Bordères & Gaussen) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 93 (1978)
= Abies recurvata var. salouenensis (Bordères & Gaussen) C.T.Kuan; Fl. Sichuan. 2: 48 (1983)
= Abies salouenensis Bordères & Gaussen; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 1, sect. 4: Art. 15, 4 (1947)
variant :
var. yulongxueshanensis (Rushforth) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 10 (1990)
Distribution: China (Yunnan: Lijiang Shan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies chensiensis subsp. yulongxueshanensis Rushforth; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41(3): 539 (1984)
species :
Abies cilicica (Antoine & Kotschy) Carrière; Traite Gen. Conif. 229 (1855)
Name: Cilician fir (EN), Toros göknari (TU)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia); Cyprus [I]; N-Lebanon; N-Syria
34 cyp LEB SYR TUR
Remarks: Sect. Abies
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies cilicica subsp. isaurica Coode & Cullen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 26: 167 (1965)
= Abies cilicica var. isaurica (Coode & Cullen) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 18 (2000)
= Abies cilicica var. pyramidalis Boydak & Erdoğrul; Istanbul Üniv. Orman Fak. Derg., A 49(2): 21 (1999 publ. 2000)
= Abies kotschyana Fenzl ex Tchich.; Asie Min., Bot. 2: 495 (1866)
= Abies rinzi Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 50 (1862)
= Abies selinusia Carrière; Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 69 (1859)
= Abies tchugatskoi P.Lawson ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 50 (1862)
= Picea cilicica (Antoine & Kotschy) Rauch. ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 50 (1862)
= Pinus cilicica Antoine & Kotschy; Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 3: 409 (1853)
= Pinus tchugatskoi Fisch. ex Henkel & W.Hochst.; Syn. Nadelhölz. 157 (1865), nom. inval.
= Pinus tschugatskoi K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 221 (1873)
species :
Abies concolor (Gordon & Glend.) Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 210 (1850)
Name: White fir, Colorado fir (EN); Colorado-Tanne (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Hungary [I]; Slovakia [I]; Serbia [c]; Kosovo [c]; USA (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Massachusetts, Maine, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Sonora)
11 ger hun slo 13 kos srb 73 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Remarks: Sect. Grandis. Inclusion of A. lowiana, which falls completely in the variability, see Farjon (2017)
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies concolor (Gordon & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr., Verh.Naturhist.Vereines Preuss.Rheinl.Westphalens 18: 261 (1861)
= Abies concolor unranked aurea Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 15: 144 (1906 publ. 1907)
= Abies concolor unranked brevifolia Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 15: 144 (1906 publ. 1907)
= Abies concolor unranked globosa Niemetz; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 14: 212 (1905)
= Abies concolor unranked pendula Simon-Louis ex Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 5: 64 (1896)
= Abies concolor unranked wattezii Beissn.; Ned. Tuinbouwbl. 1900: 421 (1900)
= Abies concolor f. atroviolacea Cinovskis; Introd. Rast. Bot. Sad. Pribaltiki 48 (1974)
= Abies concolor f. aurea (Beissn.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 13 (1949)
= Abies concolor f. brevifolia (Beissn.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 13 (1949)
= Abies concolor f. conica Slavin; Rep. Conif. Conf. R.H.S.: 90 (1932)
= Abies concolor f. globosa (Niemetz) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 13 (1949)
= Abies concolor f. pendula (Simon-Louis ex Beissn.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 13 (1949)
= Abies concolor f. violacea (A.Murray bis) Beissn.; Handb. Conif. [Beissner] 45 (1887)
= Abies concolor f. wattezii (Beissn.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 13 (1949)
= Abies concolor subsp. baja-californica (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 37 (2008)
= Abies concolor subsp. lowiana (Gordon) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 3 (1983)
= Abies concolor subsp. martinezii (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 38 (2008)
= Abies concolor subsp. viridula (Debreczy & I.Rácz) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 38 (2008)
= Abies concolor var. baja-californica Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 11 (1990)
= Abies concolor var. lowiana (Gordon) Lemmon; Cone-bear. Trees Pacif. Slope, ed. 3: 64 (1895)
= Abies concolor var. martinezii Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 12 (1990)
= Abies concolor var. pendens Sudw.; Bull. Div. Forest. U.S.D.A. 14: 55 (1897)
= Abies concolor var. pendula (Simon-Louis ex Beissn.) Zederb.; Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 1, 116: 1936 (1907)
= Abies concolor var. purpurea Sudw.; Bull. Div. Forest. U.S.D.A. 14: 55 (1897), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Abies concolor var. violacea (A.Murray bis) Beissn.; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl., ed. 2: 432 (1884)
= Abies grandis var. concolor (Gordon & Glend.) A.Murray bis; Gard. Chron., n. s. 3: 105 (1875)
= Abies grandis var. lowiana (Gordon) Hoopes; Book Evergr. 212 (1868)
= Abies lasiocarpa var. pendula Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 62: 117 (1890)
= Abies lowiana (Gordon) A.Murray bis; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 3: 317 (1863)
= Abies lowiana var. pendula (Carrière) Fitschen; Handb. Nadelholzk., ed. 3: 163 (1930)
= Abies lowiana var. viridula Debreczy & I.Rácz; Phytologia 78(4): 231 (1995)
= Picea concolor Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 155 (1858)
= Picea concolor var. violacea A.Murray bis; Gard. Chron., n. s. 3: 464 (1875)
= Picea grandis Newb.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. Williamson & Abbot, Bot. 6(3
= Picea lowiana Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. (1862)
= Picea lowii Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 218 (1875)
= Picea parsonsiana E.Manning; Gard. Monthly & Hort. Advertiser 10: 109 (1868)
= Picea parsonsii Fowler; Gard. Chron. 1872: 394 (1872)
= Pinus concolor (Gordon & Glend.) Engelm. ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 155 (1858)
= Pinus concolor (Gordon & Glend.) Engelm. ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 426 (1868)
= Pinus concolor f. violacea (A.Murray bis) Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 775 (1913)
= Pinus lowiana (Gordon) W.R.McNab; Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. Ser. 2, 2: 680, t. 46, f. 5 (1876)
species :
Abies delavayi Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 255 (1899)
subspecies :
subsp. delavayi
Name: Delavay fir (EN)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh); N-Myanmar
36 CHI TIB 40 IND 41 MYA
Remarks: Sect. Pseudopicea
variant :
var. fabri (Mast.) Hunt; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 92: 263 (1967)
Name: Faber´s fir (EN)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies fabri (Mast.) Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11: 278 (1920)
= Abies fabri subsp. minensis (Bordères & Gaussen) Rushforth; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 43(2): 273 (1986)
= Abies fabri var. minensis (Bordères & Gaussen) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 14 (1990)
= Abies minensis Bordères & Gaussen; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 1, sect. 4: Art. 15, 10 (1947)
= Keteleeria fabri Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 555 (1890)
= Pinus fabri (Mast.) Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 773 (1914)
variant :
var. motuoensis W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 83 (1975)
Distribution: SE-Tibet (Motuo)
36 TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies delavayi subsp. motuoensis (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 38 (2008)
variant :
var. nukiangensis (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Farjon & Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 13 (1990)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan: Nukiang River); N-Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies nukiangensis W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 83 (1975). 13(4): 83 (1975)
= Abies delavayi subsp. nukiangensis (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 38 (2008)
subspecies :
subsp. fansipanensis (Q.P.Xiang, L.K.Fu & Nan Li) Rushforth; Int. Dendrol. Soc. Year Book 1998: 62 (1999)
Distribution: NW-Vietnam (Mt. Fan Si Pan)
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies fansipanensis Q.P.Xiang, L.K.Fu & Nan Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(4): 356 (1997)
species :
Abies densa Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 19 (1854)
Name: Sikkim fir (EN)
Distribution: S-Tibet; W-Nepal; Bhutan; NE-India (incl. Sikkim); Myanmar (Kachin)
36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
Remarks: Sect. Pseudopicea
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies densa Griff. ex Parker; Indian Forester 53(12): 686 (1927)
= Abies fabri subsp. fordei (Rushforth) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 18(1): 13 (2011)
= Abies fordei Rushforth; Int. Dendrol. Soc. Year Book 2008: 42 (2009)
= Abies spectabilis subsp. densa (Griff.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15: 46 (2008)
= Abies spectabilis var. densa (Griff.) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 10 (1984), et J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 46
species :
Abies durangensis Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 13: 621 (1942)
Name: Durango fir (EN)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, N-Jalisco, Sinaloa)
79 MEX
Remarks: Sect. Grandis
variant :
var. coahuilensis (I.M.Johnst.) Martínez; Pinac. Mexic., ed. 3, 139 (1963)
Name: Coahuila fir (EN)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila)
79 MEX
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies coahuilensis I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 332 (1943)
= Abies durangensis subsp. coahuilensis (I.M.Johnst.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 38 (2008)
species :
Abies fanjingshanensis W.L.Huang, Y.L.Tu & S.Z.Fang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(2): 154 (1984)
Name: Fanjingshan fir (EN)
Distribution: China (NE-Guizhou)
36 CHI
Remarks: Sect. Pseudopicea
Conservation Status: IUCN E. Only known from a single locality
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies fargesii var. fanjingshanensis (W.L.Huang, Y.L.Tu & L.K.Fu) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 15 (1990)
species :
Abies fargesii Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 256 (1899)
Name: Farges fir (EN)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, W-Hubei, Shaanxi, NW-Sichuan, N-Chongqing, W-Henan)
36 CHI
Remarks: Sect. Pseudopicea
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies fargesii subsp. hupehensis (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 39 (2008)
= Abies fargesii var. hupehensis Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 15 (1990)
= Abies fargesii var. tieghemii Bordères & Gaussen; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse 1(4, 5): 7 (1944)
variant :
var. faxoniana (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) T.S.Liu; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 25 (1-2): 94 (1972), without basionym ref., & l. c.,25 (3-4): 260 (1972), validly publ., & T. S. Liu, Monogr. Abies 151, 360 (1971 publ. 1973)
Distribution: China (Gansu, NW-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies delavayi var. faxoniana (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) A.B.Jacks.; Conif. Cult. Rep. (R.H.S.) 246 (1932)
= Abies fargesii subsp. faxoniana (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 39 (2008)
= Abies faxoniana Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 42 (1914)
variant :
var. sutchuenensis Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 13: 256 (1899)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, NW-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies kansouensis Bordères & Gaussen; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 1, sect. 4: Art. 5, 6 (1944)
= Abies sutchuenensis (Franch.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 48 (1914)
= Abies fargesii subsp. sutchuenensis (Franch.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 39 (2008)
species :
Abies firma Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 2: 15, t. 107 (1842)
Name: Momi fir (EN)
Distribution: China [I]; South Korea [I]; Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Yakushima Isl.); Taiwan [I]
36 chi 38 JAP kor NNS tai
Remarks: Sect. Pseudopicea
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies bifida Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. (Lugduni) 2: 18 (1842)
= Abies firma var. bifida (Siebold & Zucc.) Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 514 (1881)
= Abies firma var. momi (Siebold) Mast.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 12: 199 (1879)
= Abies momi Siebold; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 12: 12 (1830)
= Abies momi Siebold ex K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 227 (1873), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Picea firma (Siebold & Zucc.) Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 147 (1858)
= Picea firma var. bifida (Siebold & Zucc.) Mast.; Gard. Chron., n.s., 12: 199 (1879)
= Picea webbiana Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 160 (1858)
= Pinus bifida (Siebold & Zucc.) Antoine; Coniferen [Antoine] 7: 79, t. 31, f. 2 (1841)
= Pinus firma (Siebold & Zucc.) Antoine; Coniferen [Antoine] 6: 70, t. 27/28 (1841)
= Pinus firma var. incisa Endl.; Syn. Conif.: 99 (1847)
= Pinus momi (Siebold) Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 94 (1907), nom. illeg. superfl.
species :
Abies flinckii Rushforth; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 46(1): 101 (1989)
Distribution: Mexico (S-Jalisco, Michoacán)
79 MEX
Remarks: Sect. Grandis
species :
Abies forrestii Coltm.-Rog.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 65: 150 (1919), et ex Craib, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11: 279 (1920)
Name: Forrest fir (EN)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan, SW-Sichuan); E-Tibet; Myanmar
36 CHI TIB 41 MYA
Remarks: Sect. Pseudopicea
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies chengii Rushforth; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41(2): 333 (1983)
= Abies delavayi var. forrestii (Coltm.-Rog.) A.B.Jacks.; Conif. Cult. Rep. (R.H.S.) 245 (1931)
= Abies forrestii Craib; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11: 279 (1919), nom. illeg.
= Abies forrestii subsp. chengii (Rushforth) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 40 (2008)
= Abies forrestii var. chengii (Rushforth) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 17 (1990)
= Abies georgei Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 8 (1929), in obs.
variant :
var. ferreana (Bordères & Gaussen) Farjon & Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 17 (1990)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies chayuensis W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 83 (1975)
= Abies ferreana Bordères & Gaussen; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 1, sect. 4: Art. 15, 8 (1947)
= Abies ferreana var. longibracteata L.K.Fu & Nan Li; Novon 7: 261 (1997)
= Abies forrestii subsp. chayuensis (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 40 (2008)
= Abies forrestii subsp. ferreana (Bordères & Gaussen) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 40 (2008)
= Abies forrestii subsp. longibracteata (L.K.Fu & Nan Li) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 1 (2009)
= Abies forrestii var. chayuensis (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 16 (1990)
= Abies forrestii var. longibracteata L.K.Fu & Nan Li; Novon 7: 261 (1997)
= Abies rolii Bordères & Gaussen; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 1, sect. 4: Art. 26, 3 (1948)
= Abies yuana Bordères & Gaussen; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 1, sect. 4: Art. 26, 6 (1948)
variant :
var. georgei (Orr) Farjon; Pinaceae [Farjon] 59 (1990)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies delavayi var. georgei (Orr) Melville; Kew Bull. 13: 533 (1958)
= Abies georgei Orr; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 18: I (1933)
= Abies georgei subsp. wumongensis Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 16(1): 2 (2008)
variant :
var. smithii Viguié & Gaussen; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 58: 355
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies delavayi var. smithii (Viguié & Gaussen) T.S.Liu; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 25 (1-2): 94 (1972), without basionym ref., & l. c.,29 (3-4): 472 (1976), validly publ.
= Abies georgei subsp. smithii (Viguié & Gaussen) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 40 (2008)
= Abies georgei var. smithii (Viguié & Gaussen) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 63 (1975)
species :
Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 5: 35 (1817)
Name: Fraser fir (EN)
Distribution: Estonia [I]; USA (W-North Carolina, E-Tennessee, SW-Virginia)
14 est 78 USA
Remarks: Sect. Balsamea
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies balsamea subsp. fraseri (Pursh) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 18 (1982)
= Abies balsamea var. fraseri (Pursh) Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. [Spach] 11: 422 (1841)
= Abies fraseri (Pursh) Lindl.; Penny Cyclop. 1: 30 (1833), isonym
= Abies fraseri f. prostrata Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 9: 30 (1928)
= Abies fraseri var. hudsonia (Bosc ex Jacques) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 200 (1855)
= Abies fraseri var. prostrata (Rehder) Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers, ed. 2: 25 (1939)
= Abies hudsonia Bosc ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 200 (1855)
= Abies humilis Bach Pyl.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 4: 437 (1826)
= Picea balsamea var. fraseri (Pursh) J.Nelson; Pinaceae [Nelson] 179 (1866)
= Picea fraseri (Pursh) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2340 (1838)
= Picea hudsonia Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 148 (1858), nom. illeg.
= Pinus balsamea var. fraseri (Pursh) Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 223 (1818)
= Pinus fraseri Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 639 (1813)
species :
Abies gamblei Hickel; Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 38, adnot. (1929)
Distribution: Portugal [I]; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Garhwal)
12 por 40 IND
Remarks: Sect. Pseudopicea, quite distinct from A. pindrow fide Gymnosperm Database
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies pindrow var. brevifolia Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.; Handb. Conif. [Dallimore & Jackson] 126 (1923)
= Abies pindrow subsp. brevifolia (Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 44
= Abies pindrow subsp. gamblei (Hickel) Rushforth; Int. Dendrol. Soc. Year Book 1998: 63 (1999)
= Abies pseudochensiensis Debreczy & I.Rácz; Acta Bot. Hung. 52(3-4): 309 (2010)
species :
Abies grandis (Douglas ex D.Don) Lindl.; Penny Cyclop. 1: 30 (1833)
Name: Riesen-Tanne, Große Küsten-Tanne (DE); Grand fir (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I], Outer Hebrides [I], Isle of Man [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Italy [I]; Serbia [c]; Kosovo [c]; New Zealand [c]; Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington State)
10 den grb ire nor 11 ger swi 13 ita kos srb 51 nzl 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: Sect. Grandis
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies aromatica Raf.; Atlantic J. 119 (1832), nom. rej.
= Abies concolor var. lasiocarpa Beissn.; Handb. Conif. [Beissner] 71 (1887)
= Abies excelsior Franco; Bol. Soc. Brot., Sér. 2, 23: 162 (1949)
= Abies gordoniana Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 298 (1867)
= Abies gordoniana var. pumila Anon.; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 6: 73 (1874)
= Abies grandis f. johnsonii O.V.Matthews; J. Forest. (Washington) 40: 580 (-581
= Abies grandis unranked pendula Späth; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 5: 28 (1896)
= Abies grandis subsp. idahoensis (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 40 (2008)
= Abies grandis var. idahoensis Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 19 (1990)
= Abies lasiocarpa Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 210 (1850), nom. illeg.
= Abies occidentalis Cinovskis; Introd. Rast. Bot. Sad. Pribaltiki 46 (1974) (nom. nov., without replaced synonym ref.)
= Abies oregona Hort.; Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 1138 (1895), pro syn.
= Abies parsonii Bailly; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 66: 274 (1894)
= Abies parsonsiana Mast.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 13: 648 (1880)
= Picea grandis (Douglas ex D.Don) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2341, f. 2245-2246 (1838)
= Picea lasiocarpa Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 53 (1862), nom. illeg.
= Picea lasiocarpa Lavallée; Icon. Sel. Arb. 259 (1877), nom. illeg.
= Picea parsonsii Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 52 (1862)
= Pinus grandis Douglas; Compan. Bot. Mag. 2: 147 (1836)
= Pinus grandis Douglas ex D.Don; Descr. Pinus [Lambert], ed. 3, 2: 144 bis (1832)
species :
Abies guatemalensis Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 285 (1939)
Name: Guatemalan fir (EN)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras
79 MEX 80 ELS GUA HON
Remarks: Sect. Grandis
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies guatemalensis subsp. ixtepejiensis (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 41 (2008)
= Abies guatemalensis subsp. longibracteata (Debreczy & I.Rácz) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 41 (2008)
= Abies guatemalensis subsp. rushforthii (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 41 (2008)
= Abies guatemalensis subsp. tamaulipasensis (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 41 (2008)
= Abies guatemalensis subsp. zapotekensis (Debreczy, I.Rácz & G.Ramirez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 41 (2008)
= Abies guatemalensis var. ixtepejiensis Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 19 (2000)
= Abies guatemalensis var. longibracteata Debreczy & I.Rácz; Phytologia 78(4): 227 (1995)
= Abies guatemalensis var. rushforthii Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 19 (2000)
= Abies guatemalensis var. tacanensis (Lundell) Martínez; Pinac. Mexic., ed. 3: 129 (1963)
= Abies guatemalensis var. tamaulipasensis Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 5: 45 (1998 publ. 1997)
= Abies tacanensis Lundell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 23: 175 (1940)
= Abies zapotekensis Debreczy, I.Rácz & G.Ramirez; Phytologia 78(4): 225 (1995)
species :
Abies hickelii Flous & Gaussen; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 64: 24 (1932)
Name: Hickel fir (EN)
Distribution: S-Mexico (Veracruz, Guererro, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Puebla)
79 MEX
Remarks: Sect. Grandis
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies religiosa subsp. hickelii (Flous & Gaussen) Strandby, K.I.Chr. & M.Sørensen; Pl. Syst. Evol. 280(1-2): 72 (2009)
variant :
var. macrocarpa Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 13: 621 (1942)
Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca)
79 MEX
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies hickelii subsp. oaxacana (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 42 (2008)
= Abies hickelii var. oaxacana (Martínez) Farjon & Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 20 (1990)
= Abies oaxacana Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 19: 39 (1949)
species :
Abies hidalgensis Debreczy, I.Rácz & Guízar; Phytologia 78(4): 220 (1995)
Name: Hidalgo fir (EN)
Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo)
79 MEX
Remarks: Sect. Grandis
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Abies holophylla Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 10: 487 (1866)
Name: Manchurian fir (EN)
Distribution: Siberia [c] (SW-Siberia [c]); Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning); North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.)
30 sib 31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Remarks: Sect. Pseudopicea
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies holophylla var. aspericorticea Y.Y.Sun; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 25(3): 264
= Picea holophylla (Maxim.) Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2, 2: 206 (1875)
= Pinus holophylla (Maxim.) Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16: 424 (1868)
species :
Abies homolepis Siebold & Zucc.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 2: 17 (1842)
Name: Nikko fir (EN); Nikko-Tanne (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Japan (C-Honshu, Shikoku); USA [I] (New York [I])
11 ger 38 JAP 75 usa
Remarks: Sect. Pseudopicea
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies brachyphylla Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 10: 488 (1866)
= Abies brachyphylla var. tomomi (Bobbink & Atk. ex Rehder) Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.; Handb. Conif.: 88 (1923)
= Abies finhonnoskiana R.Neum. ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 431 (1868)
= Abies firma var. brachyphylla (Maxim.) Bertrand; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 18: 380 (1871)
= Abies harryana W.R.McNab; Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. 689 (1876)
= Abies homolepis f. fujisanensis Hayashi; Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 125: 71 (1960)
= Abies homolepis f. tomomi (Bobbink & Atk. ex Rehder) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 9 (1949)
= Abies homolepis var. scottae McFarland; Hortic. 456 (1932)
= Abies homolepis var. tokunaiae Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 216 (1855)
= Abies homolepis var. tomomi Bobbink & Atk. ex Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 53 (1920)
= Abies tschonoskiana Regel; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]), Suppl. 9: 32 (1865)
= Picea brachyphylla (Maxim.) Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 201 (1875)
= Picea brachyphylla Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 518 (1881)
= Picea firma Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 518 (1881), nom. illeg.
= Picea homolepis (Siebold & Zucc.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 290 (1867)
= Picea pinnosa Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 515 (1881)
= Picea tschonofskiana (Regel) Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 518 (1881)
= Picea veitchii Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 515, 518 (1881), nom. illeg.
= Pinus brachyphylla (Maxim.) Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 424 (1868)
= Pinus finhonnoskiana Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 431 (1868), nom. inval.
= Pinus firma W.J.de Wilde; Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. 28 686 (1876), nom. illeg.
= Pinus harryana (W.R.McNab) W.R.McNab; Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., ser. 2, 2: 689 (1876)
= Pinus homolepis (Siebold & Zucc.) Antoine; Coniferen [Antoine] 6: 78, t. 31, f. 1 (1841)
= Pinus tschonoskiana Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 431 (1868), nom. inval.
variant :
var. umbellata (Mayr) E.H.Wilson; Conif. Taxads Japan 58 (1916)
Distribution: Japan (C-Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies brachyphylla var. umbellata (Mayr) Dallim. & A.B.Jacks.; Handb. Conif. [Dallimore & Jackson] 88 (1923)
= Abies homolepis f. umbilicata Schelle; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 34: 344 (1924)
= Abies homolepis subsp. umbellata (Mayr) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 42 (2008)
= Abies umbellata Mayr; Monogr. Abietin. Japan. Reich. 34 (-35
= Abies umbilicata Carl Hansen; J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 14: 478 (1892), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Pinus umbilicata Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 16: 94 (1907), nom. illeg. superfl.
species :
Abies jaliscana (Martínez) Mantilla, Shalisko & A.Vázquez; Phytotaxa 183(1): 28 (2014)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, Michoacán)
79 MEX
Remarks: Sect. Grandis
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies guatemalensis subsp. jaliscana (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 41 (2008)
= Abies guatemalensis var. jaliscana Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México (1948)
= Abies religiosa var. emarginata Loock & Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 19: 1 (1948)
species :
Abies kawakamii (Hayata) Ito; Encycl. Jap. 2: 167, Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 9: 108 (1920)
Name: Kawakami fir, Taiwan fir (EN)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Remarks: Sect. Pseudopicea
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies mariesii var. kawakamii Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 25(19): 223 (1908)
species :
Abies koreana E.H.Wilson; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 188 (1920)
Name: Korean fir (EN)
Distribution: North Korea (Mt. Daesong); South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.)
38 KOR NKO
Remarks: Sect. Balsamea
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies koreana f. nigrocarpa Hatus.; Exp. Forest. Kyushu Imp. Univ. 5: 20 (1934)
species :
Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.; N. Amer. Sylv. [Nuttall] 3: 138 (1849)
Name: Subalpine fir (EN)
Distribution: Iceland [I]; Sweden [I]; Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Northern Territories, Yukon); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)
10 ice swe 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Remarks: Sect. Balsamea
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies balsamea f. compacta (Beissn.) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 86(10): 222 (1959)
= Abies balsamea subsp. lasiocarpa (Hook.) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 86(10): 223 (1959)
= Abies bifolia A.Murray bis; Syn. Var. Conif.: 29 (1863)
= Abies grandis var. lasiocarpa (Hook.) Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 259 (1877)
= Abies lasciocarpa (Hook.) Sarg.; Gard. & Forest 2: 496 (1889), orth. var.
= Abies lasiocarpa f. compacta (Beissn.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 55 (1919)
= Abies lasiocarpa f. conica (Hornibr.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 12 (1949)
= Abies lasiocarpa subsp. bifolia (A.Murray bis) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 42 (2008)
= Abies lasiocarpa var. bifolia (A.Murray bis) Eckenw.; Conifers World 647 (2009)
= Abies lasiocarpa var. conica Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers 21 (1923)
= Abies lasiocarpa var. fallax (Engelm.) Franco; Anais Inst. Super. Agron. 17: 15 (1950)
= Abies subalpina unranked compacta Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 9: 64 (1900)
= Abies subalpina unranked pendula Ordnung ex Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 18: 268 (1909)
= Abies subalpina Engelm. ex Ward; Amer. Naturalist 10: 555 (1876)
= Abies subalpina var. fallax Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 597 (1878), et Gard. Chron., n. s. 15: 236 (1881)
= Picea amabilis Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 154 (1858), nom. illeg.
= Picea bifolia (A.Murray bis) Roezl; Gard. Chron., n.s., 3: 106 (1875)
= Picea lasiocarpa (Hook.) A.Murray bis; Gard. Chron., n.s., 4: 135 (1875)
= Pinus lasiocarpa f. compacta (Beissn.) Voss in Landlexikon; Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 776 (1913
= Pinus lasiocarpa Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 2: 163 (1838)
variant :
var. arizonica (Merriam) Lemmon; Sierra Club Bull. 2: 167 (1898)
Name: Corkbark fir, Rocky Mountain alpine fir (EN)
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies arizonica Merriam; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 10: 116 (1896)
= Abies arizonica unranked pendula Schelle; Winterh. Nadelh.: 151 (1909)
= Abies balsamea var. arizonica (Merriam) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 86(10): 223 (1959)
= Abies bifolia var. arizonica (Merriam) O´Kane & K.D.Heil; Harvard Pap. Bot. 7(2): 324 (2003)
= Abies lasiocarpa subsp. arizonica (Merriam) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 18 (1982)
= Picea bifolia (A.Murray bis) A.Murray bis; Gard. Chron., n. s. 3: t. 97 (1875)
= Pinus beissneri Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 94 (1907)
species :
Abies magnifica A.Murray bis; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 3: 318 (1863)
Name: California red fir (EN)
Distribution: USA (California, W-Nevada, SW-Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: Sect. Nobilis
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies amabilis var. magnifica (A.Murray bis) Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 258 (1877)
= Abies campylocarpa A.Murray bis; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 6: 370 (1860)
= Abies magnifica f. glauca (Beissn.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 14 (1949)
= Abies magnifica var. argentea Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk., ed. 2: 167 (1909)
= Abies magnifica var. glauca Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk., ed. 2: 167 (1909)
= Abies nobilis var. magnifica (A.Murray bis) Kellogg; Forest Trees Calif. 29 (1882)
= Picea magnifica (A.Murray bis) F.Sanders; Gard. Chron., n.s., 2: 702 (1874)
= Picea magnifica var. macrocarpa F.Sanders; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 702 (1874)
= Picea nobilis var. magnifica (A.Murray bis) J.Nelson; Pinaceae [Nelson] 40, 200 (1866)
= Pinus campylocarpa (A.Murray bis) Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 774 (1913)
= Pinus magnifica (A.Murray bis) W.R.McNab; Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., ser. 2, 2: 700 (1876), nom. illeg.
= Pinus nobilis var. magnifica (A.Murray bis) Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 16: 94 (1907)
= Pseudotsuga magnifica (A.Murray bis) W.R.McNab; Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., ser. 2, 2: 209 (1877)
variant :
var. critchfieldii Lanner; Madroño 57: 143 (2010)
Distribution: USA (C-California)
76 USA
variant :
var. shastensis Lemmon; Rep. Calif. State Board Forest 3: 145 (1890)
Name: Shasta red fir (EN)
Distribution: USA (California, SW-Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies magnifica subsp. shastensis (Lemmon) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 43 (2008)
= Abies magnifica var. xanthocarpa Lemmon; Third Bienn. Rep. Calif. State Board Forest 145 (1890)
= Abies ×shastensis var. xanthocarpa (Lemmon) Lemmon; Sierra Club Bull. 2: 166 (1898)
= Abies ×shastensis (Lemmon) Lemmon; Gard. & Forest 184 (1897) emend. T. S. Liu
= Pinus campylocarpa var. shastensis (Lemmon) Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 774 (1913)
species :
Abies mariesii Mast.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 12: 789 (1879)
Name: Maries´ fir (EN)
Distribution: C-Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Remarks: Sect. Amabilis
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies mariesii f. hayachinensis Hayashi; Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 77: 25, f. 11 (1955)
= Pinus mariesii (Mast.) Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 94 (1907)
species :
Abies marocana Trab.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 154 (1906)
Name: Moroccan fir (EN)
Distribution: N-Morocco (Rif Mts.)
20 MOR
Remarks: Sect. Abies
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies marocana subsp. tazaotana (Cózar ex Villar) Rivas Mart.; Itinera Geobot. 18: 481 (2011)
= Abies pinsapo subsp. marocana (Trab.) Emb. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 19: 245 (1938)
= Abies pinsapo subsp. marocana (Trab.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 44 (2008), isonym
= Abies pinsapo subsp. tazaotana (Cózar ex Villar) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 1(1): 6 (1995)
= Abies pinsapo var. marocana (Trab.) Ceballos & Bolaño; Serv. Forest. 2: 18 (1928)
= Abies pinsapo var. marocana (Trab.) Ceballos & Martín Bol.; Bol. Inst. Nac. Invest. Agron. 1(2): 18 (1929)
= Abies pinsapo var. tazaotana (Cózar ex Villar) Pourtet; Ann. École Natl. Eaux 9(1): 100 (1954)
= Abies tazaotana Côzar ex Villar; Types Sols Afr. Nord 1: 79 (1947)
= Picea marocana (Trab.) Trab.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: t. 3 (1907)
species :
Abies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei; Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 7: 64 (1908)
Name: Sicilian fir, Sizilianische Tanne
Distribution: Sicily (Madonie)
13 SIC
Remarks: Sect. Abies
Conservation Status: IUCN E. Extremely threatened, only about 30 plants remaining in the wild
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies alba subsp. nebrodensis (Lojac.) Nitz.; Lustgården 49: 178 (1968)
= Abies alba var. nebrodensis (Lojac.) Svoboda; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 60 (1964)
= Abies pectinata Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 614 (1844), nom. illeg.
= Abies pectinata var. nebrodensis Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 2(2): 409 (1904)
species :
Abies neodurangensis Debreczy, I.Rácz & R.M.Salazar; Phytologia 78(4): 223 (1995)
Distribution: Mexico (Sinaloa, Durango)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies durangensis subsp. neodurangensis (Debreczy, I.Rácz & R.M.Salazar) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 38 (2008)
species :
Abies nephrolepis (Trautv.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 10: 486 (1866)
Name: Eastern Siberian fir, Khinghan fir (EN)
Distribution: Siberia [c] (SW-Siberia [c]); Russian Far East (Upper Amur, Russian Manchuria/Primorye, Sakhalin, Okhotsk / Magadan); China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi); North Korea; South Korea
30 sib 31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Remarks: Sect. Balsamea
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies koreana f. prostrata Kolesn.; Vestn. Dal´nevost. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 31: 115 (1938)
= Abies nephrolepis f. chlorocarpa E.H.Wilson; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 189 (1920)
= Abies sibirica var. nephrolepis Trautv.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 260 (1859)
= Abies sibiriconephrolepis Taken. & J.J.Chien; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6: 153 (1957)
= Abies veitchii var. nephrolepis (Trautv. ex Maxim.) Mast.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 13: 589 (1880)
= Abies veitchii var. nephrolepis (Trautv.) Mast.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 12: 589 (1879)
= Abies yoneyamae Soto; Manmo Jumoko Zusetu 5: 5 (1942)
= Pinus nephrolepis (Trautv.) Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 94 (1907)
species :
Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. [Spach], Phan. 11: 418 (1842)
subspecies :
subsp. nordmanniana
Name: Caucasian fir, Nordmann fir (EN), Pikhta kavkazkaya (RUS), Nordmann-Tanne (DE)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark [I]; Sweden [I]; Germany [I]; Austria [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Italy [I]; Slovenia [I]; Serbia [c]; Kosovo [c]; Romania [I]; Uzbekistan [c]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (NE-Anatolia); New Zealand [I]
10 den grb ire swe 11 aut ger hun slo 13 ita kos rom slv srb 32 uzb 33 ARM GEO NCS 34 TUR 51 nzl
Remarks: Sect. Abies
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies leioclada Steven ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 152 (1858)
= Abies nordmanniana f. aurea Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk.: 437 (1891)
= Abies nordmanniana f. pendula (M.Young) Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk.: 437 (1891)
= Abies nordmanniana f. robusta Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk.: 437 (1891)
= Abies nordmanniana f. tortifolia Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 109 (1923)
= Abies nordmanniana var. leioclada (Steven) Czeczott; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 107(2): 257 (1939)
= Abies nordmanniana var. tortifolia (Rehder); Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 259 (1923)
= Abies pectinata var. leioclada (Steven) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 276 (1867)
= Abies pectinata var. nordmanniana (Steven) Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 471 (1879)
= Abies picea var. leioclada (Steven) Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 210 (1850)
= Picea nordmanniana (Steven) Loudon; Encycl. Trees Shrubs 1042, f. 1950 (1842)
= Picea nordmanniana unranked pendula M.Young; Cat. Arbr. Amer. 1874: 8 (1874)
= Pinus abies var. leioclada (Steven) Endl.; Syn. Conif. 96 (1847)
= Pinus abies var. nordmanniana (Steven) F.Muell.; Ann. Rep. Victorian Acclim. Soc. 1870-1871: 36 (1871)
= Pinus leioclada Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 44 (1838)
= Pinus nordmanniana Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 45 (1838)
= Pinus picea var. leioclada (Steven) Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 669 (1850)
subspecies :
subsp. equi-trojani (Asch. & Sint. ex Boiss.) Coode & Cullen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 26: 167 (1965)
Distribution: Turkey (NW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies alba subsp. equi-trojani (Asch. & Sint. ex Boiss.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 1: 192 (1897)
= Abies bornmuelleriana Mattf.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 239 (1925)
= Abies cephalonica var. graeca (Fraas) Liu; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 25(1-2): 95 (1972), without basionym ref., et Monogr. Abies 222, 354 (1971), et in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 27(1-2): 220 (1974)
= Abies equi-trojani (Asch. & Sint. ex Boiss.) Mattf.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 25: 29 (1925)
= Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmuelleriana (Mattf.) Coode & Cullen; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 26: 167 (1965)
= Abies nordmanniana var. bornmuelleriana (Mattf.) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 21 (1990)
= Abies nordmanniana var. equi-trojani (Asch. & Sint. ex Boiss.) Guinier & Maire; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 187 (1908)
= Abies olcayana Ata & Merev; Commonw. Forest Rev. 66: 224 (1987)
= Abies pectinata var. equi-trojani Asch. & Sint. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 701 (1884)
= Abies pectinata var. graeca Fraas; Syn. Pl. Fl. Class. 262 (1845)
species :
Abies numidica de Lannoy ex Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 27: 106 (1866)
Name: Algerian fir (EN)
Distribution: N-Algeria (Mt. Babor, Mt. Thababor)
20 ALG
Remarks: Sect. Abies
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies baborensis (Coss.) Coss. ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 423 (1868)
= Abies pinsapo subsp. numidica (De Lannoy ex Carrière) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 27 (1982)
= Abies pinsapo var. baborensis Coss.; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 38: 144 (1866)
= Abies pinsapo var. numidica (de Lannoy ex Carrière) Salomon; Deutschl. Winterharte Bäume & Sträucher: 26 (1884)
= Picea numidica (de Lannoy ex Carrière) R.Sm. ex Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 220 (1875)
= Pinus baborensis (Coss.) W.R.McNab; Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., ser. 2, 2: 697 (1876)
species :
Abies pindrow (Royle ex D.Don) Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 350, t. 86, f. a-c (1836)
Name: West Himalayan fir (EN)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); Pakistan (Karakorum); W-Nepal; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, etc.)
34 AFG 40 IND NEP PAK
Remarks: Sect. Pseudopicea
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies chiloensis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif.: 222 (1855), pro syn.
= Abies himalayensis Lavallée; Énum. Arbres: 259 (1877)
= Abies pindrow Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. [Spach] 11: 423 (1841), nom. illeg.
= Abies pindrow var. intermedia A.Henry; Trees Great Britain [Elwes & Henry] 756 (1909)
= Abies webbiana var. pindrow (Royle ex D.Don) Brandis; Forest Fl. N.W. India [Brandis] 528 (1874)
= Picea herbertiana Madden; J. Agric. Soc. India 7: 99, obs. (1850)
= Picea herbertiana Madden ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 222 (1855)
= Picea pindrow (Royle ex D.Don) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2346, t. 2254, 2255 (1838)
= Pinus naphta Antoine; Coniferen [Antoine] 7: 80 (1841)
= Pinus pindrow Royle ex D.Don; Descr. Pinus [Lambert], ed. 2, 3: 47-48, t. 99 (1837)
= Pinus spectabilis var. pindrow (Royle ex D.Don) Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 776 (1913)
= Taxus lambertiana Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6056 (1832), nom. nud.
species :
Abies pinsapo Boiss.; Not. Abies Pinsapo 8 (1838) (Bibl. Univ. Genève (1838)
Name: Spanish silver spruce, Spanish fir, Spanische Tanne
Distribution: Austria [I]; Spain (S-Spain: Málaga, Cádiz); Slovenia [I]; Serbia [c]; Kosovo [c]; Uzbekistan [c]; Bolivia [c]
11 aut 12 SPA 13 kos slv srb 32 uzb 83 bol
Remarks: Sect. Abies
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies hispanica Chambray; Traité Prat. Arbr. Résin. Conif. 339 (1845), nom. superfl.
= Abies pinsapo f. argentea (J.Nelson) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 9 (1949)
= Abies pinsapo f. glauca (Carrière) Beissn.; Handb. Conif. [Beissner] 43 (1887)
= Abies pinsapo f. pendula Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk.: 466 (1891)
= Abies pinsapo subsp. hispanica (Chambray) Maire; Fl. Afrique N. 1: 131 (1952) (comb inval.)
= Abies pinsapo var. argentea (J.Nelson) Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk.: 446 (1891)
= Abies pinsapo var. glauca Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 304 (1867)
= Abies pinsapo var. hispanica (Chambray) Christ; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 23: 215 (1865)
= Abies pinsapo var. pendula (Beissn.) C.K.Schneid.; Uns. Freil.-Nadelhölzer: 154 (1913)
= Picea pinsapo (Boiss.) Loudon; Encycl. Trees Shrubs: 1041 (1842)
= Picea pinsapo var. argentea J.Nelson; Pinaceae [Nelson] 201 (1866)
= Picea pinsapo var. glauca (Carrière) Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 427 (1875)
= Picea pinsapo var. variegata Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum: 160 (1858)
= Pinus pinsapo (Boiss.) Antoine; Coniferen [Antoine] 65 (1840)
= Pinus pinsapo (Boiss.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 338 (1841), isonym
= Pinus pinsapo f. argentea (J.Nelson) Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 775 (1913)
= Pinus pinsapo f. glauca (Carrière) Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 775 (1913)
= Pinus sapo d´Ounous; Rev. Bot. 1861: 33 (1861)
species :
Abies procera Rehder; Rhodora 42: 522 (1940)
Name: Noble fir (EN); Edel-Tanne, Pazifische Edel-Tanne, Silber-Tanne (DE)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I], Outer Hebrides [I], Orkney Isl. [I], Shetland Isl. [I], Isle of Man [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Ireland [I]; Denmark [I]; Germany [I]; Channel Isl. [I] (Sark [I]); USA (NW-California, W-Oregon, W-Washington State)
10 den grb ire 11 ger 12 cis 73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: Sect. Nobilis
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies nobilis (Douglas ex D.Don) Lindl.; Penny Cyclop. 1: 30 (1833), not A. Dietr. (1824)
= Abies nobilis f. robusta Veitch ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2.: 269 (1867)
= Abies nobilis var. argentea Freudenberg; Bekannt. Cult. Nadelh. 5 (1886)
= Abies nobilis var. compacta Chitt.; Conif. Cult. Rep. (R.H.S.) 71 (1932)
= Abies nobilis var. glauca (Ravenscr.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2.: 269 (1867)
= Abies nobilis var. glaucophylla Sudw.; Bull. Div. Forest. U.S.D.A. 14: 58 (1879)
= Abies nobilis var. prostrata Hornibr. ex Chitt.; Conif. Cult. Rep. (R.H.S.) 71 (1932)
= Abies nobilis var. robusta (Veitch ex Carrière) Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk., ed. 3: 170 (1930)
= Abies procera f. glauca (Ravenscr.) Rehder; Rhodora 42(504): 523 (1940)
= Abies procera f. prostrata (Hornibr. ex Chitt.) Rehder; Rhodora 42(504): 524 (1940)
= Picea amabilis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 269 (1867), nom. illeg.
= Picea nobilis (Douglas ex D.Don) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2342 (1838)
= Picea nobilis var. coerulea Paul ex J.Dix; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 2: 691 (1862)
= Picea nobilis var. glauca Ravenscr.; Pinet. Brit. 2: 183 (1863)
= Pinus nobilis Douglas ex D.Don; Descr. Pinus, ed. 3, 2: 144 bis (1832)
= Pinus nobilis f. glauca (Ravenscr.) Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 774 (1913)
= Pseudotsuga nobilis (Douglas ex D.Don) W.R.McNab; Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., ser. 2, 2: t. 49 (1877)
species :
Abies recurvata Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 423 (1906)
Name: Min fir (EN)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, N-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Remarks: Sect. Pseudopicea
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham.; Linnaea 5: 77 (1830)
subspecies :
subsp. religiosa
Name: Sacred fir, oyamel, pinabete
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
Remarks: Sect. Grandis
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies colimensis Rushforth & Narave; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 46(1): 105 (1989)
= Abies glauca Roezl ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 149 (1858)
= Abies glaucescens Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 5 (1858 publ. 1859)
= Abies hirtella (Kunth) Lindl.; Penny Cyclop. 1: 31 (1833), isonym
= Abies hirtella (Kunth) Mirb.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 13: 70 (1825)
= Abies lindleyana Roezl ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 275 (1867)
= Abies religiosa (Kunth) Lindl.; Penny Cyclop. 1: 31 (1833), isonym
= Abies religiosa subsp. colimensis (Rushforth & Narave) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 44 (2008)
= Abies religiosa subsp. glaucescens (Roezl) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 45 (2008)
= Abies religiosa subsp. perotensis (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 45 (2008)
= Abies religiosa var. colimensis (Rushforth & Narave) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 20 (2000)
= Abies religiosa var. glaucescens (Gordon) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2.: 274 (1867)
= Abies religiosa var. hirtella (Kunth) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2, 1: 275 (1867)
= Abies religiosa var. lindleyana Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2.: 275 (1867)
= Abies religiosa var. perotensis Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 21 (2000)
= Abies tlapalcatuda Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 5 (1858 publ. 1859)
= Picea glaucescens (Roezl) Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 149 (1858)
= Picea hirtella (Kunth) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2349 (1838)
= Picea religiosa (Kunth) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2349 (1838)
= Pinus hirtella Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 5 (1817)
= Pinus religiosa Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 5 (1817)
= Pinus religiosa var. minor Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 420 (1868)
= Pseudotsuga glaucescens Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 274 (1867)
subspecies :
subsp. mexicana (Martínez) Strandby, K.I.Chr. & M.Sørensen; Pl. Syst. Evol. 280(1-2): 72 (2009)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies mexicana Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 13: 626 (1942)
= Abies vejarii subsp. mexicana (Martínez) Farjon; Pinaceae [Farjon] 103 (1990)
= Abies vejarii var. mexicana (Mart.) T.S.Liu; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 25 (1-2): 95 (1972), without basionym ref., & T. S. Liu, Monogr. Abies 261, 377 (1971 publ. 1973), validly publ.
species :
Abies sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Mast.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 12: 588 (1879)
Name: Sakhalin fir (EN)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Sakhalin, S-Kamchatka); Japan (Hokkaido)
31 RFE 38 JAP
Remarks: Sect. Balsamea
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies akatodo Miyabe ex Sarg.; Gard. & Forest 6: 525 (1893)
= Abies homolepis var. tokunaiae Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif.: 216 (1855)
= Abies nephrolepis subsp. sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Vorosch.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 96(1): 133 (1991)
= Abies sachalinensis f. corticosa (Tatew.) Hayashi; Taxon. Phytogr. Japon. Conif.: 26 (1960)
= Abies sachalinensis var. alpina (Poljakov ex Kom.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 21 (2000)
= Abies sachalinensis var. corticosa Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 45: 70 (1935)
= Abies sibirica f. alpina Poljakov ex Kom.
= Abies veitchii var. sachalinensis F.Schmidt; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 12(2) [Reis. Amur-Land, Bot.] 175 (1868)
= Pinus sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 777 (1913)
variant :
var. gracilis (Kom.) Farjon; Pinaceae [Farjon] 83 (1990)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka)
31 RFE
Remarks: native area limited to about 20 hectars in the Kronotsky Reserve
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies gracilis Kom.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 20: 203 (1901)
= Abies nephrolepis var. kamchatkensis Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 5: 61 (1998 publ. 1997), not effectively publ., et in Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 20 (2000)
= Abies sachalinensis subsp. gracilis (Kom.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 45 (2008)
= Abies sibirica var. gracilis (Kom.) Patschke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 684 (1913)
variant :
var. mayriana Miyabe & Kudô; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. (1919)
Distribution: Russian Far East (S-Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido)
31 RFE 38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies mayriana (Miyabe & Kudô) Miyabe & Kudô; Icon. Forest Trees Hokkaido 1: 9, t. 3, 4 (1920)
= Abies sachalinensis subsp. mayriana (Miyabe & Kudô) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 45
variant :
var. nemorensis Mayr; Monogr. Abietin. Japan. Reich. 42 (1890)
Distribution: Russian Far East (S-Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido)
31 RFE 38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies nemorensis (Mayr) Miyabe & Kudô; Fl. Saghalin 745 (1915)
= Abies sachalinensis subsp. nemorensis (Mayr) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 45
= Abies sachalinensis var. wilsonii (Miyabe & Kudô) Viguié & Gaussen; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 58: 430 (1929)
= Abies wilsonii Miyabe & Kudô; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 7: 132 (1919)
= Pinus sachalinensis var. nemorensis (Mayr) Voss; Landlexikon [Putlitz & Meyer] 4: 777 (1913)
species :
Abies sibirica Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 202 (1833)
subspecies :
subsp. sibirica
Name: Siberian fir (EN), Sibirische Tanne (DE)
Distribution: Iceland [I]; Denmark [I]; Finland [I]; Estonia [I]; Siberia (W-Siberia/Siberian Urals, NW-Siberia, SW-Siberia, Altay-Yenisey region, S-Yakutia, Baikal region); Kazakhstan; China (NE-Xinjiang); Mongolia
10 den fin ice 14 est 30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON
Remarks: Sect. Balsamea
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies heterophylla K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 295 (1849), nom. illeg., non Raf.
= Abies krylovii Golub; Herb. Univ. Tomsk (1937)
= Abies pichta Fisch. ex Jacques; Ann. Fl. Pomone 4: 324 (1836)
= Abies pichta J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 113, t. 39 (1839), nom. illeg.
= Abies sibirica f. alpina Poljakov; Zhurn. Russk. Bot. Obshch. 16: 476 (1931)
= Abies sibirica f. candelabrum R.I.Schröd.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 3: 24 (1894)
= Abies sibirica f. glauca R.I.Schröd.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 3: 23 (1894)
= Abies sibirica f. monstrosa R.I.Schröd.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 3: 24 (1894)
= Abies sibirica f. nana R.I.Schröd.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 3: 23 (1894), nom. altern.
= Abies sibirica f. parvula R.I.Schröd.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 3: 23 (1894)
= Abies sibirica f. pendula R.I.Schröd.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 3: 23 (1894)
= Abies sibirica f. pumila R.I.Schröd.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 3: 23 (1894)
= Abies sibirica f. pyramidalis R.I.Schröd.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 3: 23 (1894)
= Abies sibirica var. alpina (Poljakov ex Kom.) Silba, J.Int.Conifer Preserv.Soc.7: 21 (2000)
= Picea pichta (Fisch. ex Jacques) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2338 (1838)
= Picea sibirica Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 156 (1858), pro syn.
= Pinus picea Pall.; Fl. Ross. 1: t. 7 (1784) (non L.)
= Pinus pichta (Fisch. ex Jacques) Fisch. ex Endl.; Syn. Conif.: 108 (1847)
= Pinus sibirica (Ledeb.) Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 101 (1838) non Du Tour
subspecies :
subsp. semenovii (B.Fedtsch.) Farjon; Pinaceae [Farjon] 81 (1990)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan (Talasskij Alatau)
32 KAZ KGZ
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies semenovii B.Fedtsch.; Bot. Centralbl. 73: 210 (1898)
= Abies sibirica var. semenovii (B.Fedtsch.) T.S.Liu; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 25 (1-2): 94 (1972), without basionym ref., & l. c.,26 (3-4): 414 (1973), validly publ., & T. S. Liu. Monogr. Abies 188 (1971 publ. 1973)
species :
Abies spectabilis (D.Don) Mirb.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 13: 70 (1825)
Name: Webb fir, Himalayan fir (EN)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Hindukush); Tibet; Pakistan; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, etc.); Myanmar (Kachin)
34 AFG 36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA
Remarks: Sect. Pseudopicea
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies brevifolia Dallim.; Conif. Cult. Rep. (R.H.S.) 9 (1931 publ. 1932), pro syn.
= Abies chilrowensis Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 425 (1868), pro syn.
= Abies spectabilis subsp. langtangensis (Silba) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 46
= Abies spectabilis var. brevifolia (A.Henry) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 54 (1919)
= Abies spectabilis var. langtangensis Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 22 (1990)
= Abies webbiana (Wall. ex D.Don) Lindl.; Penny Cyclop. 1: 30 (1833) (nom. illeg.)
= Abies webbiana var. brevifolia A.Henry; Trees Great Britain [Elwes & Henry] 4: 751 (1909)
= Picea naphta Knight; Encycl. Trees Shrubs 1053 (1842)
= Picea webbiana (Wall. ex D.Don) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2344 (1838)
= Pinus spectabilis D.Don; Descr. Pinus [Lambert], ed. 1, 2: 3, t. 2 (1824)
= Pinus striata Buch.-Ham. ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 160 (1858)
= Pinus tinctoria Wall. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 3 (1824) (pro syn.)
= Pinus webbiana Wall. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 55 (1825) (pro syn.)
species :
Abies squamata Mast.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 39: 299 (1906)
Name: Flaky fir (EN)
Distribution: China (S-Gansu, S-Qinghai, W-Sichuan, N-Sichuan); SE-Tibet (Markam Xian)
36 CHI TIB
Remarks: Sect. Pseudopicea
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Abies veitchii Lindl.; Gard. Chron. 1861: 23 (1861)
Name: Veitch´s fir (EN)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku)
38 JAP
Remarks: Sect. Balsamea
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies eichleri Lauche; Gart.-Zeitung (Berlin) 1: 69 (1882)
= Abies nordmanniana var. eichleri (Lauche) Beissn.; Einheitl. Conif.-Ben. 42 (1891)
= Abies veitchii f. olivacea (Shiras.) Cinovskis; Introd. Rast. Bot. Sad. Pribaltiki 33 (1974)
= Abies veitchii var. komagatakensis Hayashi; Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 57: 151 (1952)
= Abies veitchii var. nikkoensis Mayr; Monogr. Abietin. Japan. Reich. 39 (1890)
= Abies veitchii var. olivacea Shiras.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 132 (1913)
= Abies veitchii var. reflexa Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 327 (1916)
= Picea veitchii (Lindl.) Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 56 (1862)
= Pinus nephrolepis var. veitchii (Lindl.) Voss; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 16: 94 (1907)
= Pinus selenolepis Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 427 (1868)
= Pinus veitchii (Lindl.) W.R.McNab; Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. 28: 686 (1876), nom. illeg.
variant :
var. sikokiana (Nakai) Kusaka; Conif. Jap. Ill., ed. 2: 212 (1954)
Distribution: Japan (Shikoku)
38 JAP
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies veitchii subsp. sikokiana (Nakai) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 46
= Abies sikokiana Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 42: 452 (1928) (shikokiana)
species :
Abies vejarii Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 13: 629 (1942)
Name: Vejar´s fir (EN), hayarin (ES)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
Remarks: Sect. Grandis
variant :
var. macrocarpa Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México (1949)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies vejarii subsp. macrocarpa (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 46 (2008)
species :
Abies yuanbaoshanensis Y.J.Lu & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(2): 206 (1980)
Name: Yuanbaoshan fir (EN)
Distribution: China (N-Guangxi)
36 CHI
Remarks: Sect. Pseudopicea. Possibly a variety or subspecies of A. forrestii
Conservation Status: IUCN E
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies koreana var. yuanbaoshanensis (Y.J.Lu & L.K.Fu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 5: 53 (1998 publ. 1997)
= Abies fabri subsp. yuanbaoshanensis (Y.J.Lu & L.K.Fu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 39 (2008)
species :
Abies ziyuanensis L.K.Fu & S.L.Mo; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(2): 208 (1980)
Name: Ziyuan fir (EN)
Distribution: China (NE-Guangxi, SW-Hunan, W-Jiangxi)
36 CHI
Remarks: Sect. Pseudopicea
Conservation Status: IUCN E
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies beshanzuensis var. ziyuanensis (L.K.Fu & S.L.Mo) L.K.Fu & Nan Li; Novon 7: 261 (1997)
= Abies dayuanensis Q.X.Liu; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 8(3): 85 (1988)
= Abies fabri subsp. dayuanensis (Q.X.Liu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 39 (2008)
= Abies fabri subsp. ziyuanensis (L.K.Fu & S.L.Mo) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 39 (2008)
= Abies fabri var. ziyuanensis (L.K.Fu & S.L.Mo) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 14 (1990)
species :
Abies ×borisii-regis Mattf.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 235 (1925)
Name: Bulgarian fir, Macedonian fir, King Boris fir (EN)
Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania; S-Bulgaria; Greece (mountains in mainland, Athos, Thasos)
13 ALB BUL GRC NMA
Remarks: Sect. Abies. Stabilized hybrid derived from Abies alba x A. cephalonica
Synonyms: hidden
= Abies alba subsp. acutifolia (Turrill) Turrill & Fukarek; Univ Istanbul Fac. Forestry Publ. 209: 92 (1974)
= Abies alba subsp. borisii-regis (Mattf.) Kožuharov & N.Andreev; Opred. Vissh. Rast. Bulg. 785
= Abies alba var. acutifolia Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1925: 34 (1925)
= Abies cilicica subsp. borisii-regis (Mattf.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 15(2): 37 (2008)
= Abies cilicica var. borisii-regis (Mattf.) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 11 (1990)
= Abies ×apollinis Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 702 (1884), nom. illeg.
= Abies ×borisii-regis var. pungentipilosa Viguié & Gaussen; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 58: 279 (1929)
species :
Abies ×masjoannis D.Soto, J.I.García Viñas & E.P.Bujarrabal; Acta Bot. Malac. 42(2): 218 (2017)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: Abies alba x A. pinsapo
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life