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232.0000 Family Polygalaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 1: 62 (1809), nom. cons.
27 genera, ca. 1300 spp.
Species listed in database: 1325; hybrids: 4
= Diclidantheraceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 195 (1858), nom. cons.
= Moutabeaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. [Pfeiffer] 2: 364 (1873)
= Xanthophyllaceae Gagnep. ex Reveal & Hoogland; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, Sér. 4, 12: 206 (1990)
232.0403 Genus Acanthocladus Klotzsch ex Hassk.; Mus. Bot. 1: 184 (1864)
Distribution: Panama, trop. South America
Species listed in database: 8
species :
Acanthocladus brasiliensis Klotzsch ex Hassk.; Mus. Bot. 1: 184 (1864)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná); Paraguay (Cordillera)
84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Mundia brasiliensis A.St.-Hil.; Fl. Bras. Merid. [A.St.-Hilaire] 2: 58, t. 92 (1829)
= Polygala klotzschii Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 30: n. 8 (1889) 114, in obs., et 31(2): 6 (1893)
species :
Acanthocladus colombianus Aymard & J.F.B.Pastore; Caldasia 31(1): 14 (2009)
Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca)
82 CLM
species :
Acanthocladus dichromus (Steud.) J.F.B.Pastore; Phytotaxa 286(1): 55 (2016)
Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz); WC-Brazil (Goiás); NE-Brazil (Ceara, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Amambay, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Pres. Hayes); Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Formosa, Misiones)
83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Acanthocladus albicans A.W.Benn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 13(3): 46 (1874)
= Polygala albicans (A.W.Benn.) Grondona; Darwiniana 8: 291 (1948)
= Polygala albicans var. caracaensis Glaz. ex Marques; Rodriguésia 36(60): 7 (1984)
= Polygala albicans var. silvae Marques; Rodriguésia 36(60): 7 (1984)
= Polygala bennettii Chodat; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 30: n. 8 (1889) 113, t. 32, fig. 2 et 31: n. 2, 7 (1893)
= Polygala bicolor Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 290 7: t. 59 (1825 publ. 1829), nom. illeg.
= Polygala dichroma Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 371 (1841)
species :
Acanthocladus dukei (Barringer) J.F.B.Pastore & D.B.O.S.Cardoso; Novon 20(3): 321 (2010)
Distribution: Panama
80 PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygala dukei Barringer; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 70(1): 203 (1983)
species :
Acanthocladus guayaquilensis B.Eriksen & Stahl; Fl. Ecuador 65: 7 (2000)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
species :
Acanthocladus pulcherrimus (Kuhlm.) J.F.B.Pastore & D.B.O.S.Cardoso; Novon 20(3): 321 (2010)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygala pulcherrima Kuhlm.; Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 83 (1935)
species :
Acanthocladus santosii (Wurdack) J.F.B.Pastore & D.B.O.S.Cardoso; Novon 20(3): 322 (2010)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Espírito Santo)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygala santosii Wurdack; Bradea 3(3): 17 (1979)
species :
Acanthocladus scleroxylon (Ducke) B.Eriksen & Stahl; Fl. Ecuador 65: 6 (2000)
Distribution: Ecuador; Peru
83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Polygala scleroxylon Ducke; Trop. Woods, No. 50: 35 (1937)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life