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338.0000 Family Phyllanthaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 369 (1820), nom. cons.
58 genera, ca. 2200 spp.
Species listed in database: 2113; hybrids: 5
= Antidesmataceae Loudon; Hort. Brit. [Loudon] 534 (1830)
= Aporosaceae Lindl. ex Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 2: 265 (1854)
= Bischofiaceae Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 252 (1965)
= Hymenocardiaceae Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 261 (1965)
= Porantheraceae Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 224 (1954)
= Scepaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 171 (1836)
= Stilaginaceae C.Agardh; Aphor. Bot. 199 (1824)
= Uapacaceae Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 270 (1965)
338.2207 Genus Actephila Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 581 (1826)
Distribution: India, China, Malesia, Australia, SW-Pacific
Species listed in database: 34
= Anomospermum Dalzell; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 228 (1851)
= Lithoxylon Endl.; Gen. Pl. [Endlicher] 1122 (1840)
species :
Actephila alanbakeri Welzen & Ent; Bot. Stud. (Taipei) 57(6): 2 (2016)
Distribution: Borneo (N-Sabah); Philippines (Mindoro, Danjugan Isl.)
42 BOR PHI
species :
Actephila albidula Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 566 (1924)
Distribution: S-Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Actephila anthelminthica Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: 458 (1925), et Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 536 (1927)
Distribution: C-Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Actephila bella P.I.Forst.; Austrobaileya 7(1): 65 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Actephila championiae P.I.Forst.; Austrobaileya 7(1): 66 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Actephila collinsiae Hunter ex Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924: 96 (1924)
Distribution: SW-Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Actephila siamensis Pierre ex Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 568 (1924)
species :
Actephila daii Thin; J. Biol. (Vietnam) 9(2): 39 (1987)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Actephila discoidea Heijkoop & Welzen; Blumea 62(1): 11 (2017)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Actephila dolichopoda Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 32(2): 380 (1978)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Actephila emarginata Heijkoop & Welzen; Blumea 62(1): 13 (2017)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Actephila excelsa (Dalzell) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 78 (1863)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Yunnan); India (Karnataka. Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Langkawi Isl., P. Jarak, P. Tioman, Pahang, Johor); Singapore; Sumatera; Borneo; Sulawesi; Jawa
36 CHI 40 BAN IND SRL 41 AND MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR JAW MLY SNG SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Actephila bantamensis Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 356 (1859)
= Actephila dispersa (Elmer) Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 4: 276 (1909)
= Actephila dolichantha Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 23(1): 30 (1942)
= Actephila excelsa var. brevifolia N.Balach., Mahesw. & Chakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 33(3): 717 (2009)
= Actephila excelsa var. javanica (Miq.) Pax & K.Hoffm.; Pflanzenreich [Engler] IV.147.XV, Heft 81 (Euph.-Phyllantheae): 192 (1922)
= Actephila excelsa var. thomsonii (Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm.; Pflanzenreich [Engler] IV.147.XV, Heft 81 (Euph.-Phyllantheae): 192 (1922)
= Actephila excelsa var. zeylanica (Baill.) Pax & K.Hoffm.; Pflanzenreich [Engler] IV.147.XV, Heft 81 (Euph.-Phyllantheae): 192 (1922)
= Actephila gigantifolia Koord.; Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19: 625 (1897)
= Actephila gitingensis Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 3: 903 (1910)
= Actephila javanica Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 356 (1859)
= Actephila magnifolia Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 3: 904 (1910)
= Actephila major Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 32: 77 (1863)
= Actephila minahassae Koord.; Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19: 625 (1897)
= Actephila neilgherrensis Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 5: t. 1910 (1852)
= Actephila thomsonii Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 34: 65 (1865)
= Actephila zeylanica Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 34: 77 (1865)
= Anomospermum excelsum Dalzell; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 228 (1851)
= Croton laevigatus Benth.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7749 (1847) non Vahl
= Pimelodendron dispersum Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 1: 308 (1908)
= Savia actephila Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Hasskarl] 243 (1844)
= Savia zeylanica Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 571, nomen (1858)
variant :
var. puberula (Kurz) Pax & K.Hoffm.; Pflanzenreich [Engler] IV.147.XV, Heft 81 (Euph.-Phyllantheae): 193 (1922)
Distribution: Andaman Isl.; Barren Isl.; Nicobar Isl. (Central Nicobar Isl.)
41 AND NCB
Synonyms: hidden
= Actephila puberula Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42(2): 236 (1873)
species :
Actephila flavescens P.I.Forst.; Austrobaileya 7(1): 68 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Actephila foetida Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 315 (1927)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Actephila forsteri B.J.Conn; Telopea 20: 11 (2017), nom. nov.
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Actephila longipedicellata P.I.Forst.; Austrobaileya 7(1): 78 (2005), non (Merr.) Croizat 1942
species :
Actephila latifolia Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 6: 89 (1873)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl. (Timor); Moluccas (Kei Isl.); Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)
42 LSI MOL 50 AUS
species :
Actephila lindleyi (Steud.) Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 25(3): 496 (1971)
Distribution: Moluccas (Aru Isl.); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (New Britain); Solomon Isl. (Santa Ysabel)
42 MOL NWG 43 BIS SOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Actephila grandifolia (Müll.Arg.) Baill.; Adansonia 6: 330 (1866)
= Actephila nitida (Müll.Arg.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Drake; Ill. Fl. Ins. Pacif. 177, 286 (1892)
= Lithoxylon grandifolium Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 34: 65 (1865)
= Lithoxylon lindleyi Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 57 (1841)
= Lithoxylon nitidum (W.T.Aiton ex Lindl.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 232 (1841)
= Securinega nitida W.T.Aiton; Hort. Kew., ed. 2 [W.T.Aiton] 5: 383 (1813)
species :
Actephila longipedicellata (Merr.) Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 29 (1942)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Cleistanthus longipedicellatus Merr.; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 425 (1924)
species :
Actephila macrantha Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 72: 459 (1925), et Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 5: 533 (1927)
Distribution: C-Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Actephila merrilliana Chun; Sunyatsenia 3(1): 26-27, f. 3 (1935)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hainan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Actephila inopinata Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 21(4): 490-491 (1940)
species :
Actephila mooreana Baill.; Adansonia 6: 330 (1865 publ. 1866)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Actephila nitidula Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 566 (1924)
Distribution: Cambodia; Vietnam
41 CBD VIE
Remarks: status uncertain, probably a synonym of A. ovalis
species :
Actephila ovalis (Ridl.) Gage; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 9: 219 (1922)
Distribution: S- & peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Langkawi Isl., Kedah, Penang)
41 THA 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Dimorphocalyx ovalis Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 59: 178 (1911)
species :
Actephila petiolaris Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 6: 89 (1873)
subspecies :
subsp. petiolaris
Distribution: Australia
50 AUS
subspecies :
subsp. jagonis P.I.Forst.; Austrobaileya 7(1): 83 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Actephila pierrei Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 567 (1924)
Distribution: S-Vietnam
41 VIE
Remarks: status uncertain, probably a synonym of A. ovalis
species :
Actephila platysepala Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 567 (1924)
Distribution: Laos; Vietnam
41 LAO VIE
Remarks: status uncertain, probably a synonym of A. ovalis
species :
Actephila plicata P.I.Forst.; Austrobaileya 7(1): 83 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Actephila saccata Welzen & Heijkoop; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 44(2): 101 (2016)
Distribution: SW-Thailand; peninsular Thailand
41 THA
species :
Actephila sessilifolia Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 6: 90 (1873)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Actephila stipularis Heijkoop & Welzen; Blumea 62(1): 21 (2017)
Distribution: E-Sulawesi
42 SUL
species :
Actephila subsessilis Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 569 (1924)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan); ?Myanmar; N-Thailand; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia
36 CHI 41 THA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Actephila excelsa var. acuminata Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 26(2): 209 (1972)
species :
Actephila traceyi P.I.Forst.; Austrobaileya 7(1): 87 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Actephila trichogyna Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 25(3): 499 (1971)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Antidesma triplinervium Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. [Sprengel] 2: 116 (1821)
species :
Actephila venusta P.I.Forst.; Austrobaileya 7(1): 89 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Actephila vernicosa P.I.Forst.; Austrobaileya 7(1): 91 (2005)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life