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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.5403 Genus Adina Salisb.; Parad. Lond., t. 115 (1807) s. l.
Distribution: Indochina, E-Asia, Malesia
Species listed in database: 11
= Adinauclea Ridsdale; Blumea 24: 349 (1978)
= Haldina Ridsdale; Blumea 24: 360 (1978)
= Metadina Bakh.f.; Taxon 19: 472 (1970)
= Pertusadina Ridsdale; Blumea 24: 353 (1978)
species :
Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks.; Forest Fl. N.W. India [Brandis] 263 (1874)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Nepal; India (almost throughout); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Bago, Mandalay, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (once from Perlis)
36 CHI 40 BAN IND NEP SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale; Blumea 24(2): 361 (1978)
= Nauclea cordifolia Roxb.; Pl. Coromandel 1: 49 (1796)
= Nauclea sterculiifolia A.Rich. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 672 (1830)
species :
Adina dissimilis Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1931: 208 (1931)
Distribution: Thailand (SW-Thailand, peninsular Thailand); peninsular Malaysia
41 THA 42 MLY
species :
Adina eurhyncha (Miq.) Å.Krüger & Löfstrand; Syst. Bot. 39(1): 310 (2014)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (scattered); Singapore; Sumatera (incl. Bangka Isl., Belitung); Brunei
42 BRN MLY SNG SUM
Conservation Status: vulnerable (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Adina minutiflora Valeton; Icon. Bogor. [Boerlage] t. 390 (1914)
= Adina rubescens Hemsl.; J. Bot. 25: 204 (1887)
= Nauclea oxyphylla Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 538 (1861)
= Pertusadina eurhyncha (Miq.) Ridsdale; Blumea 24(2): 354 (1978)
= Uncaria eurhyncha Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 539 (1861)
species :
Adina fagifolia (Teijsm. & Binn. ex Havil.) Valeton ex Merr.; Interpr. Herb. Amboin. 481 (1917)
Distribution: Sulawesi; Moluccas (Ambon)
42 MOL SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Adinauclea fagifolia (Teijsm. & Binn. ex Havil.) Ridsdale; Blumea 24(2): 350 (1978)
= Nauclea fagifolia Teijsm. & Binn. ex Havil.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 33: 63 (1897)
= Neonauclea fagifolia (Teijsm. & Binn. ex Havil.) Merr.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5: 539 (1915)
species :
Adina malaccensis (Ridsdale) Å.Krüger & Löfstrand; Syst. Bot. 39(1): 310 (2014)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia
41 THA 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Pertusadina malaccensis Ridsdale; Blumea 24(2): 356 (1978)
species :
Adina metcalfii Merr. ex H.L.Li; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 454 (1943)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Zhejiang); Thailand
36 CHI 41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Adina affinis F.C.How; Sunyatsenia 6: 238 (1946)
= Adina hainanensis F.C.How; Sunyatsenia 6: 240 (1946)
= Adina polycephala var. glabra F.C.How; Sunyatsenia 3: 246 (1946)
= Pertusadina hainanensis (F.C.How) Ridsdale; Blumea 24(2): 354 (1978)
= Pertusadina metcalfii (Merr. ex H.L.Li) Y.F.Deng & C.M.Hu; Blumea 51(3): 559 (2006)
species :
Adina multifolia Havil.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 33: 45 (1897)
Distribution: India (Meghalaya, Assam, Manipur); Myanmar; Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatera; Borneo; Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Sibuyan, Ticao, Samar, Mindanao); Jawa; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
40 IND 41 CBD MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW MLY MOL NWG PHI SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Adina garciae Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 3: 986 (1911)
= Metadina multifolia (Havil.) Ridsdale; Gard. Bull. Singapore 25: 250 (1970)
= Pertusadina multifolia (Havil.) Ridsdale; Blumea 24(2): 356 (1978)
species :
Adina pilulifera (Lam.) Franch. ex Drake; J. Bot. [Morot] 9: 207 (1895)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Japan (Kyushu); Laos; Vietnam
36 CHI 38 JAP 41 LAO VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Adina globiflora Salisb.; Parad. Lond. 2: t. 115 (1808)
= Adina globiflora var. macrophylla Nakai; Trees Shrubs Japan 378 (1922)
= Adina globiflora var. tonkinensis Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 39 (1922)
= Adina nipponica Masam.; Fl. Yakushima 415 (1934)
= Adina peduncularis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 349 (1830)
= Adina pilulifera var. tonkinensis (Pit.) Merr. ex H.L.Li; J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 317 (1944)
= Cephalanthus pilulifer Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 679 (1783)
= Cephalanthus piluliflorus Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 525 (1818)
= Nauclea adina Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 24: 13 (1813)
= Nauclea adinoides Lindl.; Bot. Reg. 11: t. 895 (1825)
= Nauclea nipponica Masam.; Mem. Fac. Sci. Taihoku Imp. Univ. 11(4): 415 (1934)
= Nauclea orientalis var. macrophylla (Nakai) Nakai; Trees Shrubs Japan, Revis. Ed. 511 (1927)
= Nauclea pilulifera (Lam.) Baill. ex Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 6: 34 (1883)
species :
Adina pubicostata Merr.; J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 385 (1942)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Hunan); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
species :
Adina rubella Hance; J. Bot. 6: 114 (1868)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Zhejiang); South Korea
36 CHI 38 KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Adina fauriei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 283 (1910)
= Nauclea rubella (Hance) Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 18: 216 (1942)
= Nauclea rubella f. rubescens Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 18: 216 (1942)
= Nauclea rubella f. viridis Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 18: 216 (1942)
species :
Adina trichotoma (Zoll. & Moritzi) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 1: 43 (1893)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Hunan); NE-India (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Mon, Taninthayi); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (scattered); Sumatera; Borneo; Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Sibuyan); Jawa; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Adina aralioides (Zoll. & Moritzi) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 1: 43 (1893)
= Adina parvula E.T.Geddes; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 241 (1928)
= Adina polycephala Benth.; Fl. Hongk. 146 (1861)
= Adina polycephala var. macrophylla Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 25 (1880)
= Adina polycephala var. noei Craib; Fl. Siam 2(1): 10 (1932)
= Adina polycephaloides Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1931: 209 (1931)
= Adina trichotoma var. aralioides (Zoll. & Moritzi) Bakh.f.; Blumea 12(1): 63 (1963)
= Adina zschokkei Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 3: 987 (1911)
= Aidia polycephala var. macrophylla Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 25 (1880)
= Cephalanthus aralioides Zoll. & Moritzi; Syst. Verz. Arch. Ind. [Moritzi et al.] 61 (1846)
= Metadina trichotoma (Zoll. & Moritzi) Bakh.f.; Taxon 19: 472 (1970)
= Nauclea aralioides (Zoll. & Moritzi) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 344 (1857)
= Nauclea capitellata Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 375 (1845), nomen
= Nauclea polycephala Wall. ex G.Don; (1834), not A. Rich. ex DC. (1830)
= Nauclea trichotoma Zoll. & Moritzi; Syst. Verz. Arch. Ind. [Moritzi et al.] 61 (1846)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life