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495.0000 Family Apocynaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 143 (1789), nom. cons.
372 genera, ca. 6500 spp. According to modern authors and PCR Asclepiadaceae is only a subfamily of Apocynaceae.
Species listed in database: 6747; hybrids: 10
= Asclepiadaceae Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 31 (1797), nom. cons.
= Carissaceae Bertol; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 212 (1891)
= Cerberaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 119 (1820)
= Cynanchaceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 245, 251 (1836)
= Ophioxylaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 24 (1835)
= Pacouriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Periplocaceae Schltr.; Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 351 (1905), nom. cons.
= Plumeriaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Stapeliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Vincaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 299 (1818)
= Willughbeaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 256 (1858)
495.3711 Genus Anodendron A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 443 (1844)
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka east to Japan and Taiwan, peninsular Malaysia, Solomon Isl.
Species listed in database: 17
= Formosia Pichon; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 20: 300 (1948)
species :
Anodendron affine (Hook. & Arn.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4: 605 (1917)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; NE-India (West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; Philippines (Luzon, Catanduanes, Samar)
36 CHI 38 JAP NNS TAI 40 BAN IND 41 LAO MYA THA VIE 42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Aganosma laevis Champ. ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 335 (1852)
= Anodendron affine var. effusum Tsiang; Sunyatsenia 2(2): 128-129, t. 26 (1934)
= Anodendron affine var. pingpienense Tsiang & P.T.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11(4): 379 (1973)
= Anodendron fangchengense Tsiang & P.T.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11(4): 378-379, t. 48 (1973)
= Anodendron laeve (Champ. ex Benth.) Maxim. ex Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 315. 1875?.
= Anodendron loheri Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: 332 (1912)
= Anodendron salicifolium Tsiang & P.T.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11(4): 379 (1973)
= Anodendron suishaense Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 29-30, t. 7 (1916)
= Echites laevigata Wall.; Numer. List. [Wallich] no. 1669 (1829), nomen
= Epigynum laevigatum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 666 (1882)
= Holarrhena affinis Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 198 (1837)
species :
Anodendron axillare Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: 331 (1912)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perak); Sumatra; Borneo; Philippines (Mindanao, Negros); Java
42 BOR JAW MLY PHI SUM
species :
Anodendron benthamianum Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26(173): 98-99 (1889)
Distribution: N-Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Formosia benthamiana (Hemsl.) Pichon; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Ser. 2, 20(3): 301 (1948)
species :
Anodendron borneense (King & Gamble) D.J.Middleton; Blumea 41(1): 46 (1996)
Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah); Brunei; ?Philippines
42 BOR BRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cleghornia borneensis King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74(2): 492 (1908)
= Micrechites borneensis (King & Gamble) P.T.Li; J. S. China Agric. Coll. 11(2): 34 (1990)
species :
Anodendron candolleanum Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4(1): 1309 (1848)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Langkawi Isl., Penang, Perak, Selangor, Melaka, Kedah, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (Biliran); Java
41 THA 42 BOR JAW MLY PHI SNG SUL SUM
Conservation Status: critically endangered (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Anodendron rubescens (Teijsm. & Binn.) Teijsm. & Binn.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Teijsmann & Binnendijk] 127 (1866)
= Anodendron scandens (Hassk.) Pichon; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 20: 191 (1948)
= Dendrocharis rubescens Teijsm. & Binn.; Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 25: 403 (1863)
= Ecdysanthera rubescens (Teijsm. & Binn.) Boerl.; Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. [Boerlage] 2: 398 (1899)
= Ecdysanthera scandens Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Hasskarl] 309 (1844)
species :
Anodendron coriaceum (Blume) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 455 (1857)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Perak); Sumatra; Borneo; ?Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Sumbawa); Moluccas
41 THA 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Anodendron coriaceum var. salaccense Hochr.; Candollea 5: 182 (1934.
= Anodendron gracilentum Markgr.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1: 26 (1950)
= Chonemorpha coriacea (Blume) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 76 (1837)
= Echites coriaceus Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1039 (1826)
species :
Anodendron gracile (King & Gamble) D.J.Middleton; Blumea 41(1): 50 (1996)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Kelantan, Perak, Pahang); Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak); ?Philippines
42 BOR MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Cleghornia gracilis King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74(2): 491 (1908)
= Micrechites gracilis (King & Gamble) P.T.Li; J. S. China Agric. Coll. 11(2): 34 (1990)
species :
Anodendron howii Tsiang; Sunyatsenia 3: 141 (1936)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Hainan)
36 CHI
species :
Anodendron nervosum Kerr; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 93 (1937)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan); India (Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; ?peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Java
36 CHI 40 IND 41 LAO THA VIE 42 JAW SUM
Conservation Status: IUCN I
Synonyms: hidden
= Anodendron formicina (Tsiang & P.T.Li) D.J.Middleton; Novon 4(2): 152 (1994)
= Micrechites formicina Tsiang & P.T.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 385 (1973)
species :
Anodendron oblongifolium Hemsl.; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 5: 504 (1891), et in Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 23: t. 2207 (1892)
Distribution: Borneo; ?Philippines; Moluccas (Seram); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Vanuatu
42 BOR MOL NWG 43 BIS SOL 60 VAN
species :
Anodendron parviflorum (Roxb.) I.M.Turner; Webbia 71(2): 227 (2016)
Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Mizoram); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (North Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (Bago, Kachin, Taninthayi, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis); Sumatra; Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Luzon, Guimaras, Mindanao, Dinagat); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Flores, Timor, Wetar); Moluccas (Ambon); Vanuatu [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]
40 BAN IND SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 JAW LSI MLY MOL PHI PLW SUL SUM 60 van 81 trt
Synonyms: hidden
= Anodendron lanceolatum King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74(2): 490 (1908)
= Anodendron manubriatum (Wall.) Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: 333 (1912)
= Anodendron moluccanum Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 140 (1869)
= Anodendron paniculatum (Roxb.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 444 (1844)
= Anodendron rhinosporum Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 194 (1859)
= Anodendron sutepense Kerr; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 94 (1937)
= Anodendron tenuiflorum (Miq.) Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 140 (1869)
= Echites manubriata Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1663 (1829)
= Echites paniculata Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 20 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 17 (1824)
= Echites polyanthus Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1664 (1829), nomen
= Echites trichotomus Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3 (Cat. Pl. Horti Paris.) 398 (1829), nom. rej.
= Ichnocarpus paniculatus Moon; Cat. Pl. Ceylon. 20 (1824), nomen
= Strophanthus balansae Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Sér. 3, 5: 262 (1893)
= Tabernaemontana tenuiflora Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 554 (1861)
species :
Anodendron pauciflorum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 669 (1882)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Penang, Perak); Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei
42 BOR BRN MLY SUM
species :
Anodendron punctatum Tsiang; Sunyatsenia 2: 129 (1934)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan); SE-Thailand; Cambodia
36 CHI 41 CBD THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anodendron punctatum Tsiang, Tsiang; Sunyatsenia 3: 140 (1936), descr. ampl.
species :
Anodendron seramense D.J.Middleton; Blumea 41(1): 59 (1996)
Distribution: Moluccas (Seram, Ambon)
42 MOL
species :
Anodendron tubulosum (Ridl.) D.J.Middleton; Blumea 39(1-2): 89 (1994)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Selangor); Sumatra
42 MLY SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Micrechites tubulosa Ridl. ex Burkill & Hend.; Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 3: 397 (1925), Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 5: 321 (1925)
species :
Anodendron whitmorei D.J.Middleton; Blumea 41(1): 63 (1996)
Distribution: Moluccas; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl.
42 MOL NWG 43 SOL
species :
Anodendron wrayi King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74(2): 489 (1908)
Distribution: ?Laos; peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Pahang)
42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Trachelospermum obtusifolium Ridl.; J. Bot. 62: 298 (1924)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life