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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.3024 Genus Arcytophyllum Willd.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.] 5 (1827)
Distribution: Costa Rica to Bolivia
Species listed in database: 20
= Anotis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 431 (1830)
= Ereicoctis (DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 281 (1891)
= Mallostoma H.Karst.; Fl. Columb. [Karsten] 2: 9 (1862)
= Pseudrachicallis H.Karst.; Fl. Columb. [Karsten] 2: 10 (1862)
= Teinosolen Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 61 (1873)
= Terrellianthus Borhidi; Acta Bot. Hung. 54: 46 (2012)
species :
Arcytophyllum aristatum Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 36 (1930)
Distribution: Colombia (Caldas, Cauca, Nariño, Risaralda, Tolima); Ecuador
82 CLM 83 ECU
species :
Arcytophyllum cachirense (Benth.) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 4: 28 (1891)
Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá, Cesar, Norte de Santander)
82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Arcytophyllum cephalanthum (Wedd.) Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 127 (1916)
= Hedyotis cachirensis H.Karst.; Linnaea 30: 145 (1859 publ. 1860)
= Hedyotis cephalantha Wedd.; Chlor. Andina 2: 46 (1859)
= Mallostoma cachirensis (H.Karst.) H.Karst.; Fl. Columb. [Karsten] 2: 9 (1862)
species :
Arcytophyllum capitatum (Benth.) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 4: 28 (1891)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Caldas, Cauca, Chocó, Nariño, Risaralda); Ecuador
82 CLM 83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Arcytophyllum latifolium Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 127 (1916)
= Ereicoctis capitata (Benth.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 281 (1891)
= Hedyotis capitata (Benth.) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 6: 56 (1846), nom. illeg.
= Hedyotis hartwegiana Wedd.; Chlor. Andina 2: 45 (1859)
= Rachicallis capitata Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 195 (1845)
species :
Arcytophyllum ciliolatum Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 324 (1929)
Distribution: Ecuador; Peru
83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Arcytophyllum andreanum Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 205 (1931)
species :
Arcytophyllum ericoides (Kunth) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 182 (1936)
Distribution: Ecuador; Peru
83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Anotis ericoides (Willd.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 433 (1830)
= Anotis thymifolia var. ericoides (Kunth) Wedd.; Chlor. Andina 2: 44 (1857)
= Arcytophyllum parvifolium K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 313 (1908)
= Arcytophyllum virgatum Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 325 (1929)
= Ereicoctis ericoides (Willd.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 281 (1891)
= Hedyotis ericoides Willd.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 527 (1818)
= Hedyotis thymifolia var. ericoides (Willd.) Wedd.; Chlor. Andina 2: 44 (1858)
species :
Arcytophyllum fasciculatum (A.Gray) Terrell & H.Rob.; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4(2): 625 (2010)
Name: Tangled starviolet
Distribution: USA (New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Nuevo León, Coahuila)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Hedyotis intricata Fosberg; Lloydia 4: 290 (1941)
= Houstonia fasciculata A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 203 (1882), non Bertol.
species :
Arcytophyllum filiforme (Ruiz & Pav.) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 183 (1936)
Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá, Cauca, Nariño); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)
82 CLM 83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Anotis conferta (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 431 (1830)
= Anotis filiformis (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 431 (1830)
= Anotis hypnoides DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 432 (1830), nom. superfl.
= Anotis microphylla (Willd.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 432 (1830)
= Anotis pilifera Schltdl.; Linnaea 28: 487 (1856)
= Anotis serpens (Kunth) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 433 (1830)
= Arcytophyllum bryoides (Willd.) Diels; Biblioth. Bot. 29(116): 149 (1937)
= Arcytophyllum confertum (Ruiz & Pav.) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 37 (1930)
= Arcytophyllum confertum var. bryoides (Willd.) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 206 (1931)
= Ereicoctis conferta (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 281 (1891)
= Ereicoctis filiformis (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 281 (1891)
= Ereicoctis hypnoides Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 281 (1891), nom. superfl.
= Hedyotis conferta Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 1: 57 (1798)
= Hedyotis conferta var. pusilla Wedd.; Chlor. Andina 2: 42 (1858)
= Hedyotis filiformis Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 1: 57 (1798)
= Hedyotis hypnoides Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 389 (1820), nom. superfl.
= Hedyotis microphylla Willd.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 526 (1818)
= Hedyotis serpens Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 390 (1820)
= Houstonia bryoides Willd.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 527 (1818)
= Houstonia serpens Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 390 (1820)
= Mallostoma confertum (Ruiz & Pav.) B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 1: 1101 (1893)
= Mallostoma filiformis (Ruiz & Pav.) B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 1: 1101 (1893)
species :
Arcytophyllum lavarum K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 4: 28 (1891)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama
80 COS PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Arcytophyllum chirripoense Suess.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 72: 285 (1942)
= Mallostoma lavarum (K.Schum.) Donn.Sm.; Enum. Pl. Guatem. 5: 36 (1899)
species :
Arcytophyllum leymebambense Montesin., Borsch & Torr.-Montúfar; Pl. Ecol. Evol. 159(2): 248 (2026)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
species :
Arcytophyllum macbridei Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 183 (1936)
Distribution: Ecuador; Peru
83 ECU PER
species :
Arcytophyllum microthecum (Schltdl. & Cham.) comb.ined.
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Remarks: placed here by molecular results
Synonyms: hidden
= Gerontogea deppeana Schltdl. & Cham.; Linnaea 5: 169 (1830)
= Gerontogea microtheca Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 5: 169 (1830)
= Hedyotis deppeana (Cham. & Schltdl.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 728 (1841)
= Hedyotis microtheca (Schltdl. & Cham.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 728 (1841)
= Oldenlandia deppeana (Cham. & Schltdl.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 428 (1830)
= Oldenlandia microtheca (Schltdl. & Cham.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4. 428 (1830)
species :
Arcytophyllum muticum (Wedd.) Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 163 (1928)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Santander); Venezuela (Táchira); Ecuador
80 COS PAN 82 CLM VEN 83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Arcytophyllum recurvatum Suess.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 72: 286 (1942)
= Hedyotis mutica Wedd.; Chlor. Andina 2: 43 (1857)
species :
Arcytophyllum nitidum (Kunth) Schltdl.; Linnaea 28: 492 (1856)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Arauca, Boyacá, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Santander); Venezuela (Venezuela Distrito Federal, Lara, Mérida, Miranda, Táchira, Trujillo, Zulia)
82 CLM VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Arcytophyllum blaerioides Willd.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.] 5 (1827)
= Arcytophyllum caracasanum (Kunth) Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 126 (1916)
= Arcytophyllum nitidum f. hispidulum Steyerm.; Acta Bot. Venez. 3: 117 (1971 publ. 1972)
= Arcytophyllum nitidum subsp. caracasanum (Kunth) Steyerm.; Acta Bot. Venez. 6: 118 (1971)
= Arcytophyllum nitidum var. culmenicola Steyerm.; Acta Bot. Venez. 6: 119 (1971 publ. 1972)
= Arcytophyllum nitidum var. glabratum Steyerm.; Acta Bot. Venez. 6: 118 (1971 publ. 1972)
= Arcytophyllum puberulentum Standl. ex Steyerm.; Acta Bloi. Venez. 4: 3 (1964)
= Arcytophyllum vareschii Steyerm.; Acta Bot. Venez. 6: 113 (1971 publ. 1972)
= Ereicoctis caracasana (Kunth) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 281 (1891)
= Ereicoctis nitida (Kunth) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 281 (1891)
= Hedyotis caracasana Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 393 (1820)
= Hedyotis floribunda H.Karst.; Linnaea 30: 146 (1859)
= Hedyotis humboldtiana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 727 (1841)
= Hedyotis nitida Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 392 (1820)
= Mallostoma caracasanum (Kunth) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 3: 150 (1894)
= Mallostoma nitidum (Kunth) B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 1: 1102 (1893)
= Pseudrachicallis floribunda (H.Karst.) H.Karst.; Fl. Columb. [Karsten] 2: 10 (1862)
= Rachicallis caracasana (Kunth) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 434 (1830)
= Rachicallis nitida (Kunth) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 433 (1830)
species :
Arcytophyllum peruvianum (Wernham) J.H.Kirkbr.; Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45: 1258 (1993)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Declieuxia peruviana Wernham; J. Bot. 52: 225 (1914)
species :
Arcytophyllum rivetii Danguy & Cherm.; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 28: 434 (1922)
Distribution: Ecuador; Peru
83 ECU PER
species :
Arcytophyllum serpyllaceum (Schltdl.) Terrell; Novon 9: 263 (1999)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Arcytophyllum shannonii (Donn.Sm.) Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 128 (1916)
= Hedyotis serpyllacea Schltdl.; Linnaea 9: 599 (1834)
= Houstonia serpyllacea (Schltdl.) C.L.Sm. ex Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 284 (1897)
= Mallostoma shannonii Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 18: 203 (1893)
= Terrellianthus serpyllaceus (Schltdl.) Borhidi; Acta Bot. Hung. 54(1-2): 48 (2012)
species :
Arcytophyllum setosum (Ruiz & Pav.) Schltdl.; Linnaea 28: 489 (1856)
Distribution: Colombia (Cauca, Cundinamarca, Huila, Nariño, Tolima, Valle); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)
82 CLM 83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Anotis setosa (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 432 (1830)
= Arcytophyllum caucanum Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 127 (1916)
= Arcytophyllum nodosum Rusby; Phytologia 1: 78 (1934)
= Ereicoctis setosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 281 (1891)
= Hedyotis setosa Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 1: 57 (1798)
= Mallostoma setosum (Ruiz & Pav.) B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 1: 1102 (1893)
= Rachicallis setosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 429 (1841)
= Teinosolen jamesonii K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 4: 27 (1891). Nom. nud.
species :
Arcytophyllum thymifolium (Ruiz & Pav.) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 40 (1930)
Distribution: Colombia (Cauca, Cundinamarca, Nariño); Ecuador; Peru
82 CLM 83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Anotis juniperifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 432 (1830)
= Anotis laricifolia (Cav.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 432 (1830)
= Anotis thymifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 432 (1830)
= Anotis thymifolia var. hyssopifolia (Cav.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 432 (1830)
= Anotis thymifolia var. thesioides (Willd. ex Kunth) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 432 (1830)
= Arcytophyllum juniperifolium (Ruiz & Pav.) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 207 (1931)
= Arcytophyllum laricifolium (Cav.) W.H.Lewis; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 110 (1966)
= Arcytophyllum thymifolium var. scolnikii Monach.; Phytologia 5: 2 (1954)
= Arcytophyllum weberbaueri K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54(2, Beibl. 119): 42 (1916)
= Ereicoctis hyssopifolia Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 281 (1891)
= Ereicoctis juniperifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 281 (1891)
= Ereicoctis laricifolia (Cav.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 281 (1891)
= Ereicoctis thymifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 281 (1891)
= Hedyotis coarctata Willd.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 527 (1818)
= Hedyotis hyssopifolia Cav.; Icon. [Cavanilles] 6: 54 (1801)
= Hedyotis juniperifolia Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 1: 57 (1798)
= Hedyotis laricifolia Cav.; Icon. [Cavanilles] 6: 54 (1801)
= Hedyotis thesioides Willd. ex Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 391 (1820), pro syn.
= Hedyotis thujoides Willd.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 527 (1818)
= Hedyotis thymifolia Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 1: 56 (1798)
= Mallostoma hyssopifolium (Cav.) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 61 (1873)
= Mallostoma juniperifolium (Ruiz & Pav.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 3: 150 (1894)
= Mallostoma laricifolium (Cav.) B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 1: 1101 (1893)
= Mallostoma thymifolium (Ruiz & Pav.) B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 1: 1103 (1893)
species :
Arcytophyllum venezuelanum Steyerm.; Acta Bot. Venez. 6: 120 (1971)
Distribution: Venezuela (Mérida, Táchira)
82 VEN
species :
Arcytophyllum vernicosum Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 209 (1931)
Distribution: Ecuador; Peru
83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Arcytophyllum jamesonii Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 207 (1931)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life