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406.0000 Family Cactaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 310 (1789), nom. cons.
133 genera, ca. 1700-1800 spp. There has been excessive splitting, leading to over 3000 species in some collectors view. The phylogeny is still somewhat in flux, but is getting more stabilized now. It should be good practice in the future that each ´new species´ description is confirmed by molecular genetics, not only by morphology.
Species listed in database: 1808; hybrids: 78
= Cereaceae DC. & Spreng.(transl.Jameson); Elem. Philos. Pl. 142 (1821)
= Mammillariaceae D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(5): 352 (2024)
= Nopaleaceae E.Schmid & Curtman; Pflanzenreich [Petermann] 2: 135 (1856)
= Opuntiaceae Desv.; Dict. Rais. Bot. 52, 385 (1817)
406.5216 Genus Ariocarpus Scheidw.; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 5: 491 (1838)
Distribution: S-USA (Texas), E-Mexico
Species listed in database: 7; hybrids: 1
= Anhalonium Lem.; Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov. 1 (1839)
= Neogomesia Castañeda; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 13: 98 (1941), et Cactaceae [Marshall & Bock] 164 (1941)
= Roseocactus Berger; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 45 (1925)
= Stromatocactus Karw. ex C.F.Först. & Rümpler; Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2 [Rümpler] 229 (1885)
species :
Ariocarpus agavoides (Castañeda) E.F.Anderson; Amer. J. Bot. 49: 615 (1962)
Name: Tamaulipas Living Rock Cactus
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Ariocarpus agavioides subsp. pulcher Halda & Horácek; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 10: 149 (2003)
= Ariocarpus agavioides subsp. sanluisensis Sotom., Arred., Sánchez Barra & Mart.Mend.; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 21: 100 (2003)
= Ariocarpus agavoides subsp. pulcher Halda & Horácek; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 10(2): 149 (2003)
= Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. agavoides (Castañeda) Halda; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5(1): 35 (1998)
= Neogomesia agavoides Castañeda; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 13: 99 (1941), et Cactaceae [Marshall & Bock] 164 (1941)
species :
Ariocarpus bravoanus H.M.Hern. & E.F.Anderson; Bradleya 10: 1 (1992)
subspecies :
subsp. bravoanus
Distribution: Mexico (S-San Luis Potosi)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. bravoanus (H.M.Hern. & E.F.Anderson) Halda; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5(1): 35 (1998)
= Ariocarpus fissuratus subsp. bravoanus (H.M.Hern. & E.F.Anderson) Lüthy; Kakteen And. Sukk. 50(11): 278 (1999)
subspecies :
subsp. hintonii (Stuppy & N.P.Taylor) E.F.Anderson & W.A.Fitz Maur.; Haseltonia 5: 11 (1997 publ. 1998)
Distribution: Mexico (N-San Luis Potosi)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Ariocarpus fissuratus var. hintonii Stuppy & N.P.Taylor; Bradleya 7: 84 (1989)
= Ariocarpus fissuratus subsp. hintonii (Stuppy & N.P.Taylor) Halda; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5(1): 36 (1998)
species :
Ariocarpus fissuratus (Engelm.) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 6a: 195 (1894)
Name: Chautle livingrock
Distribution: USA (SW-Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Anhalonium engelmannii Lem.; Cactées 42 (1868)
= Anhalonium fissuratum (Engelm.) Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory], 1 (Cact.): 75 (1859)
= Ariocarpus fissuratus subsp. lloydii (Rose) U.Guzmán; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 16 (2003)
= Ariocarpus fissuratus subsp. pailanus Halda; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5(5): 184 (1998)
= Ariocarpus fissuratus var. lloydii (Rose) W.T.Marshall; Cactaceae [Marshall & Bock] 135 (1941)
= Ariocarpus intermedius (Backeb. & Kilian) M.Voldan; Friciana, Rada 5: 9 (1965)
= Ariocarpus lloydii Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13: 308 (1911)
= Ariocarpus lloydii var. mayor Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29(1): 15 (1925)
= Mammillaria fissurata Engelm.; Syn. Cact. U.S. 14 (1856)
= Roseocactus fissuratus (Engelm.) A.Berger; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 46 (1925)
= Roseocactus intermedius Backeb. & Kilian; Kakteen And. Sukk. 11: 151 (1960)
= Roseocactus lloydii (Rose) A.Berger; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 48 (1925)
species :
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Lem.) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. 1: 259 (1898)
Name: Living Rock, Pata de Venado, Pezuna de Venado
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Anhalonium fissipedum Monv. ex C.F.Forst.; Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2 [Rümpler] 1: 232 (1885)
= Anhalonium kotchubeyi Lem. ex Salm-Dyck; Cact. Hort. Dyck. [1849 ed.]: 5 (1850)
= Anhalonium kotschoubeyanum Lem.; Hort. Universel 6: 63 (1844)
= Anhalonium sulcatum Salm-Dyck; Cact. Hort. Dyck. [1849 ed.]: 5, 78 (1850)
= Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. albiflorus (Backeb.) C.E.Glass; Guía Identif. Cact. Amenazadas México [Glass] 1: Ar/ko subsp. albiflorus (1998 publ. 1997)
= Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. elephantidens Halda; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5(5): 185 (1998)
= Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. macdowellii (Backeb.) Halda; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5(5): 184 (1998)
= Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. neotulensis Halda; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 9(1): 51 (2002)
= Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. skarupkeanus Halda & Horácek; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 9(1): 3 (2002)
= Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. sladkovskyi Halda & Horácek; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5(5): 185 (1998)
= Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. tulensis Halda; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5(1): 35 (1998)
= Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus var. elephantidens Skarupke; Stachelpost 9(44): 33 (1973)
= Ariocarpus sulcatus (Salm-Dyck) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 6a: 195 (1894)
= Cactus kotschubeyi (Lem.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260 (1891)
= Mammillaria sulcata Salm-Dyck; Cact. Hort. Dyck. [1849 ed.]: 78 (1850)
= Roseocactus kotschoubeyanus (Lem.) A.Berger; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 48 (1925)
= Roseocactus kotschoubeyanus subsp. macdowellii Backeb.; Blätt. Sukkulentenk. 1: 8 (1949)
= Roseocactus kotschoubeyanus var. albiflorus Backeb.; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 13: 151 (1951)
= Roseocactus kotschoubeyanus var. macdowellii (Backeb.) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 5: 3075 (1961)
= Strombocactus kotschoubeyi Karw. ex C.F.Först. & Rümpler; Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2 [Rümpler] 232 (1885)
species :
Ariocarpus retusus Scheidw.; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 5: (1838) 492. t. 1
Name: Chaute, Chautle, Living Rock Cactus, Peyote Cimarron, Seven Stars, Tsuwiri
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Anhalonium areolosum Lem.; Ill. Hort. 6(Misc.): 35 (1859)
= Anhalonium elongatum Salm-Dyck; Cact. Hort. Dyck. [1844 ed.]: 15 (1845)
= Anhalonium furfuraceum (S.Watson) J.M.Coult.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 130 (1894)
= Anhalonium prismaticum Lem.; Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov. 1 (1839)
= Anhalonium pulvilligerum Lem.; Herb. Gén. Amat., Sér. 2, 3(Misc.): 44 (1843)
= Anhalonium retusum (Scheidw.) Salm-Dyck; Cact. Hort. Dyck. [1844 ed.]: 15 (1845)
= Ariocarpus confusus Halda & Horácek; Cactaceae etc. 7(1): 1, 3-4 (1997)
= Ariocarpus elongatus (Salm-Dyck) M.H.Lee; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 9(5): 71, 74 (1937)
= Ariocarpus elongatus (Salm-Dyck) Wettst.; Kakteenkunde 1933(1): 13 (1933)
= Ariocarpus elongatus subsp. horacekii (Halda) Halda; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5(1): 36 (1998)
= Ariocarpus furfuraceus (S.Watson) H.J.Thomps.; Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 130 (1898)
= Ariocarpus furfuraceus f. cristata Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29(4): 14 (1925)
= Ariocarpus furfuraceus var. rostratus A.Berger; Kakteen [Berger] 334 (1929)
= Ariocarpus prismaticus (Lem.) Cobbold; J. Hort. Home Farm. III 46: 332 (1903)
= Ariocarpus prismaticus var. maior Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29: 9 (1925)
= Ariocarpus prismaticus var. minor Fric; Zivot v Prírod 29: 9 (1925)
= Ariocarpus pulvilligerus (Monv. ex C.F.Först. & Rümpler) K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 550 (1898)
= Ariocarpus retusus subsp. confusus (Halda & Horácek) Lüthy; Kakteen And. Sukk. 50(11): 278 (1999)
= Ariocarpus retusus subsp. horacekii Halda & Panar.; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5(4): 163 (1998)
= Ariocarpus retusus subsp. jarmilae Halda, Horácek & Panar.; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5(4): 162 (1998)
= Ariocarpus retusus subsp. panarottoi Halda & Horácek; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5(4): 163 (1998)
= Ariocarpus retusus subsp. pectinatus Weisbarth; Kakteen And. Sukk. 54(11): 291 (2003)
= Ariocarpus retusus subsp. scapharostroides Halda & Horácek; Cactaceae etc. 7(3): 97-98 (1997)
= Ariocarpus retusus subsp. sladkovskyi Halda & Kupcák; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 7(1): 33 (2000)
= Ariocarpus retusus var. furfuraceus (S.Watson) G.Frank; Kakteen [H.Krainz] 63: CVIIIb (1975), no basionym date.
= Ariocarpus trigonus var. elongatus (Salm-Dyck) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 5: 3087 (1961)
= Ariocarpus trigonus var. horacekii Halda; Cactaceae etc. 7(3): 97-99 (1997)
= Cactus areolosus (Hemsl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260 (1891)
= Cactus prismaticus (Hemsl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261 (1891), nom. illeg.
= Cactus procerus (C.Ehrenb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261 (1891)
= Mammillaria aloides Monv. ex Labour.; Monogr. Cact. 153 (1853)
= Mammillaria areolosa Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 1: 503 (1880)
= Mammillaria elongata Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 1: 509 (1880), nom. illeg.
= Mammillaria furfuracea S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 4: 130 (1894)
= Mammillaria prismatica (Lem.) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 1: 517 (1880)
= Mammillaria procera C.Ehrenb.; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 17: 241 (1849)
= Mammillaria pulvilligera Monv. ex C.F.Först. & Rümpler; Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2 [Rümpler] 231 (1885)
= Mammillaria purpuracea S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 150 (1890)
= Neomammillaria elongata Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 4: 134 (1923)
species :
Ariocarpus scaphirostris Boed.; Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 2: 60 (1930) (scapharostris)
Name: Nuevo Leon Living Rock Cactus, Orejas de Conejo, Orejitas
Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo Leon)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Ariocarpus scaphirostrus var. swobodae Halda, Horácek & Panar.; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5: 163 (1998)
species :
Ariocarpus trigonus (F.A.C.Weber) K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24: 550 (1898)
Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Coahuila)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Anhalonium trigonum F.A.C.Weber; Dict. Hort. [Bois] 1: 90 (1893)
= Ariocarpus retusus subsp. trigonus (F.A.C.Weber) E.F.Anderson & W.A.Fitz Maur.; Haseltonia 5: 18 (1997 publ. 1998)
= Ariocarpus trigonus var. minor Voldan; Kaktusy (Brno) 12: 3 (1976)
species :
Ariocarpus ×drabi Halda & Sladk.; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 7(1): 33 (2000)
Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo Leon)
79 MEX
Remarks: Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus x retusus
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.06 (June 15th, 2025)

Covering 356,645 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,735* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life