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406.0000 Family Cactaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 310 (1789), nom. cons.
133 genera, ca. 1700-1800 spp. There has been excessive splitting, leading to over 3000 species in some collectors view. The phylogeny is still somewhat in flux, but is getting more stabilized now. It should be good practice in the future that each ´new species´ description is confirmed by molecular genetics, not only by morphology.
Species listed in database: 1808; hybrids: 78
= Cereaceae DC. & Spreng.(transl.Jameson); Elem. Philos. Pl. 142 (1821)
= Mammillariaceae D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(5): 352 (2024)
= Nopaleaceae E.Schmid & Curtman; Pflanzenreich [Petermann] 2: 135 (1856)
= Opuntiaceae Desv.; Dict. Rais. Bot. 52, 385 (1817)
406.5890 Genus Arrojadoa Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 2: 170 (1920)
Distribution: Brazil (Pernambuco, Piauí, Bahia, Minas Gerais)
Species listed in database: 15
= Arrojadoopsis Guiggi; Cactology 1: 26 (2007)
= Floribunda Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 1: 58 (1979)
= Pilosocereus subgen.Floribunda (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun; Bradleya 6: 90 (1988)
= Pierrebraunia Esteves; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 69(6): 296 (1997)
= Stephanocereus A.Berger; Entwicklungslin. Kakt. 97 (1926)
= Viridicereus Guiggi; Cactology 5(Suppl. 15): 4 (2024)
species :
Arrojadoa albiflora Buining & Brederoo; Succulenta (Netherlands) 54(2): 22 (1975)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Remarks: possibly a hybrid Arrojadoa dinae x rhodantha
species :
Arrojadoa bahiensis (P.J.Braun & Esteves) N.P.Taylor & Eggli; Kew Bull. 49(1): 98 (1994)
subspecies :
subsp. bahiensis
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Floribunda bahiensis P.J.Braun & Esteves; Pabstia 4(3): 16 (1993)
= Pierrebraunia bahiensis (P.J.Braun & Esteves) Esteves; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 69(6): 296 (1997)
subspecies :
subsp. flava (Gonzaga & Engels) N.P.Taylor; Bradleya 2024(42): 95 (2024)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Arrojadoa flava Gonzaga & Engels; Phytotaxa 597(1): 74 (2023)
= Pierrebraunia bahiensis subsp. flava (Gonzaga & Engels) Guiggi; Cactology 5(Suppl. 15): 3 (2024)
subspecies :
subsp. minutiflora Gonzaga & Oliveira-Pereira; Phytotaxa 684(1): 130 (2025)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Arrojadoa dinae Buining & Brederoo; Kakteen And. Sukk. 24(5): 99 (1973)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Arrojadoa beateae P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 40(10): 254 (1989)
= Arrojadoa dinae subsp. nana (P.J.Braun & Esteves) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(2): 82 (1995)
= Arrojadoa dinae var. nana P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 42(8): 194 (1991)
= Arrojadoa heimenii Van Heek & Strecker; Kakteen And. Sukk. 50: 137 (1999)
species :
Arrojadoa eddie-estevesii (P.J.Braun) M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2024(2): 1 (2024)
Distribution: Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Pilosocereus eddie-estevesii (P.J.Braun) Guiggi; Cactology 5(Suppl. 15): 4 (2024)
= Pierrebraunia eddie-estevesii P.J.Braun; Kakteen And. Sukk. 68(12): 319 (2017)
species :
Arrojadoa eriocaulis Buining & Brederoo; Kakteen And. Sukk. 24(11): 241 (1973)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Arrojadoa albicoronata (Van Heek, R.J.Paul, Heimen, Hovens & W.Strecker) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 79(6): 262 (2007)
= Arrojadoa dinae subsp. eriocaulis (Buining & Brederoo) N.P.Taylor & Zappi; Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 7 (1997)
= Arrojadoa eriocaulis subsp. albicoronata (Van Heek, R.J.Paul, Heimen, Hovens & W.Strecker) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 82 (1995)
= Arrojadoa eriocaulis var. albicoronata Van Heek, R.J.Paul et al.; Kakteen And. Sukk. 33(11): 227 (1982)
= Arrojadoa eriocaulis var. albicoronata Van Heek, R.J.Paul, Heimen, Hovens & W.Strecker; Kakteen And. Sukk. 33: 227 (1982)
= Arrojadoa eriocaulis var. rosenbergeriana Van Heek & W.Strecker; Kakteen And. Sukk. 44(12): 262 (1993)
= Arrojadoa rosenbergeriana (Van Heek & W.Strecker) P.J.Braun, Esteves & Van Heek; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 79(6): 260 (2007)
species :
Arrojadoa leucostele (Gürke) Anceschi & Magli; Cactus in Habitat S. Amer. 2013/2021: 39 (2021)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Arrojadoa luetzelburgii (Gürke) N.P.Taylor; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 132(5): 1002 (2023), isonym
= Cephalocereus leucostele (Gürke) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 2: 36 (1920)
= Cereus leucostele Gürke; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 53 (1908)
= Pilocereus leucostele (Gürke) Werderm.; Brasil. Säulenkakteen 112 (1933)
= Stephanocereus leucostele (Gürke) A.Berger; Entwicklungslin. Kakt. 97 (1926)
species :
Arrojadoa luetzelburgii (Vaupel) N.P.Taylor; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 132(5): 1002 (2023)
Name: Bottle Cactus
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalocereus luetzelburgii (Vaupel) Borg; Cacti [Borg] 111 (1937) in obs., et ed. 2: 140 (1951)
= Cereus luetzelburgii Vaupel; Z. Sukkulentenk. 1: 57 (1923)
= Coleocephalocereus luetzelburgii (Vaupel) Buxb.; Kakteen [H.Krainz] 48-49: CIVb (1972)
= Lagenosocereus luetzelburgii (Vaupel) Doweld; Turczaninowia 5(1): 8 (2002)
= Pilocereus luetzelburgii (Vaupel) Werderm.; Brasil. Säulenkakteen 111 (1933)
= Pilosocereus luetzelburgii (Vaupel) Byles & G.D.Rowley; Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 19: 67 (1957)
= Pseudopilocereus luetzelburgii (Vaupel) Buxb.; Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 44: 252 (1968)
= Stephanocereus luetzelburgii (Vaupel) N.P.Taylor & Eggli; Bradleya 9: 91 (1991)
species :
Arrojadoa luetzelburgioides N.P.Taylor & Zappi; Bradleya 42: 31 (2024)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Arrojadoa marylanae Soares Filho & M.Machado; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 21(3): 114 (2003)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Arrojadoopsis marylanae (Soares Filho & M.Machado) Guiggi; Cactology 1: 26 (2007)
species :
Arrojadoa multiflora F.Ritter ex N.P.Taylor; Bradleya 42: 34 (2024)
Distribution: Brazil
84 BRA
Remarks: valid species fide Romeiro-Brito et al. 2023
Synonyms: hidden
= Arrojadoa hofackeriana (P.J.Braun & Esteves) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 79(6): 259 (2007)
= Arrojadoa multiflora F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 1: 89 (1979)
= Arrojadoa multiflora subsp. hofackeriana P.J.Braun & Esteves; Kakteen And. Sukk. 53(3): 75 (2002)
= Micranthocereus hofackerianus (P.J.Braun & Esteves) M.Machado; Kakteen And. Sukk. 57(10): 272 (2006)
species :
Arrojadoa olsthoorniana Hofacker, M.Machado & R.Pontes; Kakteen And. Sukk. 72(10): 306 (2021)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Remarks: known only from type locality
species :
Arrojadoa penicillata (Gürke) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 2: 171 (1920)
subspecies :
subsp. penicillata
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Arrojadoa penicillata var. decumbens Backeb. & Voll; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 9: 164 (1950)
= Arrojadoa penicillata var. spinosior Buining & Brederoo; Succulenta (Netherlands) 59(1): 20 (1980)
= Cephalocereus penicillatus (Gürke) Werderm.; Brasil. Säulenkakteen 116 (1933)
= Cereus penicillatus Gürke; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 70 (1908)
subspecies :
subsp. grandis N.P.Taylor & Zappi; Bradleya 40: 77 (2022)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
subspecies :
subsp. minensis N.P.Taylor & Zappi; Bradleya 40: 76 (2022)
Distribution: Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
species :
Arrojadoa pusilliflora (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 132(5): 1002 (2023)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Arrojadoa pusilliflora (F.Ritter) M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2024(2): 1 (2024), isonym
= Cipocereus pusilliflorus (F.Ritter) Zappi & N.P.Taylor; Bradleya 9: 86 (1991)
= Floribunda pusilliflora F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 1: 58 (1979)
= Pilosocereus pusilliflorus (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun; Bradleya 6: 90 (1988)
species :
Arrojadoa rhodantha (Gürke) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 2: 170 (1920)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Piauí, Pernambuco, Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Arrojadoa aureispina Buining & Brederoo; Kakteen And. Sukk. 23(4): 95 (1972)
= Arrojadoa aureispina var. anguinea P.J.Braun & Esteves; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 60: 174 (1988)
= Arrojadoa aureispina var. guanambensis P.J.Braun & Heimen; Kakteen And. Sukk. 31: 337 (1980)
= Arrojadoa canudosensis Buining & Brederoo; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 44(3): 111 (1972)
= Arrojadoa horstiana P.J.Braun & Heimen; Kakteen And. Sukk. 32(8): 189 (1981)
= Arrojadoa rhodantha subsp. aureispina (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 81 (1995)
= Arrojadoa rhodantha subsp. canudosensis (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun; Bradleya 6: 90 (1988)
= Arrojadoa rhodantha subsp. reflexa P.J.Braun; Kakteen And. Sukk. 35: 38 (1983)
= Arrojadoa rhodantha var. anguinea (P.J.Braun & Esteves) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(2): 81 (1995)
= Arrojadoa rhodantha var. guanambensis (P.J.Braun & Heimen) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(2): 81 (1995)
= Arrojadoa rhodantha var. occibahiensis P.J.Braun; Kakteen And. Sukk. 36(6): 115 (1985)
= Arrojadoa rhodantha var. theunisseniana (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun; Bradleya 6: 90 (1988)
= Arrojadoa theunisseniana Buining & Brederoo; Kakteen [H.Krainz] 52: CVb. (1973)
= Cephalocereus rhodanthus (Gürke) Werderm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Sonderbeih. C. t. 44 (1932)
= Cereus rhodanthus Gürke; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 69 (1908)
species :
Arrojadoa violaciflora N.P.Taylor; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 132(5): 1002 (2023)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Micranthocereus violaciflorus Buining; Kakteen And. Sukk. 20: 129 (1969)
= Viridicereus violaciflorus (Buining) Guiggi; Cactology 5(Suppl. 15): 5 (2024)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.06 (June 15th, 2025)

Covering 356,645 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,735* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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