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Ver. 15.1
March 8th, 2023

168.0000 Family Poaceae Barnhart; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 22: 7 (1895), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 800 genera, ca. 12.000 spp. worldwide. Systematics following Soreng et al. (2017)
Species listed in database: 12350; hybrids: 324
= Aegilopaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 221 (1820)
= Agrostidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Alopecuraceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 19 (1820)
= Andropogonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 28 (1820)
= Anomochloaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Anthoxanthaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Arundinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 60 (1843)
= Arundinellaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 136 (1940)
= Asperellaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 106, 270 (1827)
= Avenaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 60. 31 (1820)
= Bambusaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Bromaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Cenchraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 9, 268 (1827)
= Chaeturaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 106, 269 (1827)
= Chloridaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Chondrosaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 269 (1827)
= Coleanthaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. 1(2): 818. ante (1873)
= Cynodontaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 51, 269 (1827)
= Cynosuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271, 272 (1827)
= Echinariaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Ehrhartaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Eragrostidaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Festucaceae Spreng.; J. Sadler, Fl. Comit. Pest. 1: 28 (1825)
= Glyceriaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Gramineae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 28 (1789), nom. cons.
= Holcaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 252 (1833)
= Hordeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Laguraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 250 (1833)
= Lepturaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 147 (1940)
= Loliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 6, 267 (1827)
= Melicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 390 (1820)
= Miliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 91, 270 (1827)
= Nardaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 413 (1820)
= Olyraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Ophiuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 3, 268 (1827)
= Oryzaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Panicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Pappophoraceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Parianaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Paspalaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 47, 269 (1827)
= Phalaridaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 250 (1833)
= Pharaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 139 (1940)
= Phleaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 269 (1827)
= Saccharaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Sesleriaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 60 (1843)
= Spartinaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 46, 268 (1827)
= Stipaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Streptochaetaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Triticaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 22, 268 (1827)
= Zeaceae A.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 651 (1891)
= Zoysiaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 8, 268 (1827)
168.8104 Genus Arundo L.; Sp. Pl. 1: 81 (1753)
Distribution: Mediterranean, SW- and S-Asia; 1 to Caucasus, and Middle Asia. Phylogeny and taxonomy: Hardion et al. (2012)
Species listed in database: 5
= Donax P.Beauv.; Agrost. 77 (1812)
= Scolochloa Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Roehl. Deutschl. Fl. ed. III. 1: 374, 528
= Donacium Fr.; Bot. Notiser (1843) 131
= Amphidonax Nees; Lindl. Introd. Nat. Syst. ed. II. 449 (1836)
species :
Arundo donaciformis (Loisel.) Hardion, Verlaque & B.Vila; Taxon 61(6): 1222 (2012)
Distribution: S-France; NW-Italy (Ligurian coast)
12 FRA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Calamagrostis donaciformis Loisel.; Fl. Gall. 1: 53 (1807)
species :
Arundo donax L.; Sp. PI.: 81 (1753)
Name: Italienisches Pfahlrohr (DE); Spanisches Rohr; Giant Cane (EN); Cana de Castilla, Guajana (ES)
Distribution: Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Albania [I]; Baleares [I]; Corsica [I]; France [I]; Spain [I]; Gibraltar [I]; Italy [I]; San Marino [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Montenegro [I]; Serbia & Kosovo [I]; Macedonia [I]; Croatia [I]; Slovenia [I]; Portugal [I]; Sardinia [I]; Sicily [I]; Germany [I]; European Russia; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; Bonin Isl. (Chichijima); Costa Rica [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); Algeria; Morocco; Tunisia; Libya; tropical Africa [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Peru [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Madagascar [I]; Botswana [I]; Namibia [I]; D.R.Congo [Zaire] [I]; St. Helena [I]; Ecuador [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Fiji [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; Christmas Isl. [Austr.] [I]; Surinam [I]; Chile [I] (Arica y Parinacota [I], Tarapacá [I], Antofagasta [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I]); Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Paraguay [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; El Salvador [I]; Colombia [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Venezuela [I]; Desventuradas Isl. [I]; Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I]); Nauru [I]; Palau [I] (Koror [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Huahine [I], Raiatea [I]); Guam [I]; Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I]); Tonga [I] (Lifuka [I]); Turkey (NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus); Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); European Turkey; Iran (N-Iran, NE-Iran, W-Iran); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria); United Arab Emirates; Qatar; Yemen (Tihama, W-Yemen); China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Ryukyu Isl.; Afghanistan (Badghys, Baghlan, Bamyan, Helmand, Kabul, Paktia / Khost); Bhutan; Cambodia; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Kazakhstan; Laos; peninsular Malaysia; Myanmar; Andaman Isl.; Java; Nepal; Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, Kurram, N.W.Frontier Prov., Chitral, Swat, Pakistani Punjab, Hazara); Tajikistan; Thailand; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; South Korea [I]; Vietnam; Philippines (Luzon, Samar); Azores [I] (Santa Maria Isl. [I], Sao Miguel Isl. [I], Terceira [I], Graciosa [I], Sao Jorge [I], Pico [I], Faial [I], Flores Isl. [I], Corvo Isl. [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I], Ilhas Desertas [I], Porto Santo Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Lanzarote [I], Fuerteventura [I], Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I], La Gomera [I], Hierro [I], La Palma Isl. [I]); Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Santo Antao Isl. [I], Sao Vicente Isl. [I], Ilha de Sao Nicolau [I], Sal Isl. [I], Ilha de Maio [I], Ilha de Sao Tiago [I], Fogo Isl. [I], Ilha Brava [I]); Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Illinois [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maryland [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], New Mexico [I], Nevada [I], Oklahoma [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], West Virginia [I])
11 ger 12 bal cor fra gib por sar spa 13 alb bih cro GRC ita KRI mnt nma sic slv sma srb TUE 14 RUS 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 azo cny cvi mdr 23 zai 26 zim 27 bot nam saf 28 sth 29 mdg 32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 33 AZE GEO 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 QAT SAU UAE YEM 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP kor NNS OGA 40 BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW MLY PHI xms 50 aus nfk 51 nzl 60 fij nru nwc ton 61 coo sci 62 gum mic plu 63 haw 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos els gua nic 81 trt 82 clm sur ven 83 bol ecu per 84 bra 85 arg cle dsv jnf par uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Aira bengalensis (Retz.) J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat.: 174 (1791)
= Amphidonax bengalensis (Retz.) Nees ex Steud.; Lindl. Introd. Nat. Syst. ed. II. 449 (1836)
= Amphidonax bifaria (Retz.) Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 197 (1854), pro syn.
= Arundo aegyptia Delile; Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat.: 4 (1813), nom. nud.
= Arundo aegyptiaca E.Vilm.; Fl. Pleine Terre, ed. 3: 984 (1870), pro syn.
= Arundo bambusifolia Hook. f. [Fl.Brit.India 7: 303 (1896)]
= Arundo bengalensis Retz.; Observ. Bot. 5: 20 (1789)
= Arundo coleotricha (Hack.) Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41: 14 (1927)
= Arundo coleotricha var. barbigera Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41: 14 (1927)
= Arundo donax f. picta Suess.; 364 (1936), nom. inval.
= Arundo donax var. angustifolia Döll; Fl. Bras. 2(3): 48 (1878)
= Arundo donax var. barbigera (Honda) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 265 (1941)
= Arundo donax var. coleotricha Hack.; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 724 (1899)
= Arundo donax var. lanceolata Döll; Fl. Bras. 2(3): 48 (1878)
= Arundo donax var. procerior Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 75 (1829), nom. nud.
= Arundo donax var. variegata E.Vilm.; Fl. Pleine Terre: 90 (1863)
= Arundo glauca Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 4: 303 (1901) [nom. illeg., non M. Bieb. 1808]
= Arundo latifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 24 (1796)
= Arundo longifolia Salisb. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 7: 303 (1896), pro syn.
= Arundo sativa Lam.; Fl. France 3: 616 (1778)
= Arundo scriptoria L.; Amoen. Acad. 4: 150 (1759), nom. nud.
= Arundo triflora Roxb.; Icon. Pict. Pl. Rar.: 853.
= Cynodon donax (L.) Raspail; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 5: 302 (1825)
= Donax arundinaceus P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 78, 152, 161 (1812) [nom. nov.]
= Donax bengalensis (Retz.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: 78 (1812)
= Donax bifarius (Retz.) Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 73 (1821)
= Donax donax (L.) Asch. & Graebn.; Fl. Nordostdeutsch. Flachl. 101 (1898), in obs.
= Donax sativus C.Presl; 16 (1818), nom. illeg.
= Donax sativus C.Presl; Cyper. Gramin. Sicul.: 32 (1820)
= Scolochloa arundinacea (P.Beauv.) Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl (ed. 3) 1(2): 530 (1823), nom. illeg.
= Scolochloa donax (L.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 202 (1828)
variant :
var. versicolor (Mill.) Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 160 (1812)
Distribution: Australia [I] (Western Australia [I]); Palau [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Andaman Isl. [I] (South Andamans [I]); Bahamas [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Cuba [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Jamaica [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Antigua [I]; Barbados [I]; Dominica [I]; Grenada [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Martinique [I]; Montserrat [I]; St. Kitts [I]; St. Lucia [I]; St. Martin/St. Maarten [I]; St. Vincent [I]; Isla Margarita [I]; Mexico [I]; Central America [I]; South America [I]
38 nns 41 and 50 aus 62 plu 79 mex 81 aba bah bbd cay cub dom gdl gre his jam mar mts pue stk stl stm stv ven
Synonyms: hidden
= Arundo coleotricha var. versicolor (Mill.) Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 100 (1812)
= Arundo donax f. versicolor (Mill.) Beetle; Phytologia 38: 174 (1978)
= Arundo donax var. versicolor (Mill.) Kunth; Revis. Gramin. 1: 78 (1829)
= Arundo versicolor Mill.; Gard. Dict (ed. 8) 8: 3 (1768)
= Donax versicolor (Mill.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: t. 16, f. 5 (1812)
species :
Arundo formosana Hack.; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 724 (1899)
subspecies :
subsp. formosana
Distribution: Taiwan; Ryukyu Isl.; Philippines (Batan, Samar)
38 NNS TAI 42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Arundo parviflora Ohwi; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 40 (1934)
= Arundo formosana subsp. robusta (Conert) S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 2: 24 (2019)
= Arundo formosana var. robusta Conert; Syst. Anat. Arundin.: 35 (1961)
subspecies :
subsp. gracilis (Hack.) Hardion, Verlaque & B.Vila; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 183(2): 246 (2017)
Distribution:
Synonyms: hidden
= Arundo formosana var. gracilis Hack.; Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 724 (1899)
species :
Arundo micrantha Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 196 (1791)
Name: Mittelmeer-Riesenschilf (DE); Mediterranean Giant Cane (EN)
Distribution: Spain; Baleares (Mallorca); Portugal; S-France; Sardinia; NE-Italy; Croatia; Greece; Crete; European Turkey; Israel; Lebanon (coastal); Cyprus; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Algeria; Morocco; Tunisia
12 BAL FRA POR SAR SPA 13 CRO GRC ITA KRI TUE 20 ALG MOR TUN 34 CYP EAI ISR LEB TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Arundo mediterranea Danin; Willdenowia 34(2): 362 (2004)
species :
Arundo plinii Turra; Farset. Nov. Gen. 11 (1765)
Name: Plinius´ Riesenschilf (DE); Plinius´ Giant Cane (EN)
Distribution: Italy (widespread); San Marino; Sicily; Malta; Croatia; Montenegro; Albania; Greece; W-Crete
13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KRI MLT MNT SIC SMA
Synonyms: hidden
= Arundo collina subsp. hellenica (Danin, Raus & H.Scholz) H.Scholz; Willdenowia 36(2): 663 (2006)
= Arundo collina Ten.; Fl. Nap. t. 108 (1822)
= Arundo donax subsp. plinii (Turra) Mateo & Figuerola; Fl. Analit. Prov. Valencia (IAM. Investig. 14): 368 (1987)
= Arundo hellenica Danin, Raus & H.Scholz; Willdenowia 32(2): 191 (2002)
= Arundo mauritanica Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 106 (1798), nom. illeg.
= Arundo semifurcta Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 144 (1840), pro syn.
= Calamagrostis altissima Host; Fl. Austriaca 1: 101 (1827)
= Calamagrostis mauritanica Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 1: 252 (1824)
= Calamagrostis plinii (Turra) J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat.: 172 (1796)
= Donax acuminatus J.Presl ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 524 (1840), pro syn.
= Donax collinus (Ten.) Tineo; Cat. Pl. Hort. Panorm.: 100 (1827)
= Donax plinii (Turra) K.Koch; Dendrologie 2: 352 (1873)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 15.1 (March 8th, 2023)

Covering 353,598 accepted species,
8,943 hybrids, 50,327 accepted infraspecific taxa and 959,496 synonyms,
in total 1,372,364* names

[*about 39,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 30 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life