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465.0000 Family Apiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 21 (1836), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 460 - 480 genera, ca. 3900 spp. Phylogeny still partially incomplete, taken from recent partial revisions (Downie et al. etc.), and Clarkson et al. (2021) who do cover only 290 genera. Genus circumscriptions mostly following Kubitzki (ed., 2018)
Species listed in database: 3885; hybrids: 17
= Actinotaceae Konstant. & Melikyan; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 90: 1763 (2005)
= Ammiaceae Bercht. & C.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Angelicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 29 (1820)
= Bupleuraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 258 (1820)
= Caucalidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Coriandraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 773, 783, 1093, 1128 (1835)
= Daucaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 183 (1820)
= Eryngiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Ferulaceae Sacc.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 4: 214 (1872)
= Imperatoriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 328 (1820)
= Lagoeciaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Mackinlayaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: lii (2001)
= Pastinacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 457 (1820)
= Pimpinellaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 258 (1820)
= Saniculaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Scandicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Selinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Sileraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 259 (1820)
= Smyrniaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 773, 1093, 1128 (1835)
= Umbelliferae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 218 (1789), nom. cons.
465.6304 Genus Astrantia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 235 (1753)
Distribution: Central, South, and E-Europe; Asia Minor; Caucasus; Iran
Species listed in database: 8
= Etoxoe Raf.; Good Book 53 (1840)
= Transcaucasia M.Hiroe; Umbelliferae World 616 (1979)
species :
Astrantia bavarica F.W.Schultz; Flora 41: 161 (1858)
Name: Bayrische Sterndolde (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Austria; N-Italy; Slovenia
11 AUT GER 13 ITA SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrantia alpina Stur ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 318 (1879)
= Astrantia carniolica W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 280 (1835) non Jacq.
= Astrantia dondiifolia Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 245 (1866)
= Astrantia gracilis Bartl.; Linnaea 15: Litt. 93 (1841)
= Astrantia major subsp. bavarica (F.W.Schultz) F.Herm.; Fl. Deutschl. Fennoskand. 335 (1912)
= Astrantia microphylla Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 245 (1866)
= Sanicula bavarica (F.W.Schultz) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 12: 19 (1904)
species :
Astrantia carniolica Jacq.; Fl. Austriac. [Jacquin] 5: 31 (1778)
Name: Krainer Sterndolde (DE)
Distribution: Austria; NE-Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina
11 AUT 13 BIH CRO ITA SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrantia gracilis Schur; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 22 (1858)
= Astrantia major var. carniolica (Wulfen) Roth; Enum. Pl. Phan. Germ. 1(1): 968 (1827)
= Astrantia major var. pauciflora Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 299 (1828)
= Astrantia transsilvanica Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 245 (1866)
= Etoxoe aromatica (Wulfen) Raf.; Good Book 53 (1840)
species :
Astrantia major L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 235 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. major
Name: Große Sterndolde (DE), Astrantia, Greater Masterwort (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I], Orkney Isl. [I], Shetland Isl. [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark [I]; Finland [I]; Germany (Brandenburg [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen [I], Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz [I], Schleswig-Holstein [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Estonia [I]; Latvia; Lithuania [I]; Belarus; C-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Northern Caucasus; St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]
10 den fin grb ire 11 AUT CZE GER HUN LIE POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB BUL CRO ITA ROM SLV 14 BLR est LAT lit RUS UKR 33 NCS 72 spm
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrantia australis Huter & Porta ex H.Wolff; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.228, Heft 61 (Umbellif.-Sanicul.): 86 (1913)
= Astrantia candida Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 2 (1768)
= Astrantia caucasica Willd. ex Spreng.; Pl. Umbell. Prodr. 17 (1813)
= Astrantia ceretana Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 27: 142 (1928)
= Astrantia ceretanica Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 63: 128 (1916 publ. 1917), nomen
= Astrantia europaea L. ex Rehmann; Not. Veg. Schwarz. Meer. 63 (1872)
= Astrantia major f. caucasica (Willd. ex Spreng.) Bolzon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1912: 85 (1912)
= Astrantia major f. integra (K.Malý) Assenov; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 8: 34 (1982)
= Astrantia major f. rosea Ahlfv.; Sver. Fl. 227 (1901)
= Astrantia major f. rosea Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(2): 967 (1926)
= Astrantia major subsp. vulgaris W.D.J.Koch ex Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 265 (1882), nom. inval.
= Astrantia major var. brevicaule Losa & P.Monts.; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 11(2): 446 (1954), nom. inval.
= Astrantia major var. illyrica Borbás; Math. Term. Közlem. 15: 268 (1878)
= Astrantia major var. integra K.Malý; Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 18: 446 (1906)
= Astrantia major var. intermedia Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 2: 830 (1872)
= Astrantia major var. major Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 1: 295 (1827), nom. inval.
= Astrantia major var. major-pallida Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling], ed. 3, 2: 468 (1826)
= Astrantia major var. maxima Kuntze; Index Sem. (Leipzig) 1850: [1] (1850)
= Astrantia major var. minor Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 1: 295 (1827)
= Astrantia major var. minor-pallida Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling], ed. 3, 2: 468 (1826)
= Astrantia major var. minor-rosea Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling], ed. 3, 2: 468 (1826)
= Astrantia major var. rosea Fiek; Fl. Schlesien [Fiek] 172 (1881)
= Astrantia major var. vulgaris W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 280 (1836), nom. inval.
= Astrantia montana Clairv.; Man. Herbor. Suisse 78 (1811)
= Astrantia nigra Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 188 (1771)
= Astrantia pallida C.Presl ex W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 280, ed. 2: 309 (1835)
= Astrantia saniculifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 159 (1796)
= Astrantia vulgaris Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Tirol [Dalla Torre & Sarnthein] 6(2): 895 (1909)
= Sanicula astrantia E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, Abbild., 12: 18 (1904), nom. superfl.
= Sanicula astrantia Garsault; Fig. Pl. Méd., t. 515 (1764), opus utique rej.
variant :
var. apenninica (Wörz) Reduron; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, Numero Special 28 (Ombellif. France) (2007)
Distribution: Italy
13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrantia major subsp. apenninica Wörz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 123(3): 314 (2001)
variant :
var. pyrenaica (Wörz) Reduron; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest, Numero Special 28 (Ombellif. France) (2007)
Distribution: NE-Spain; Andorra; France
12 ADO FRA SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrantia major subsp. pyrenaica Wörz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 123(3): 315 (2001)
subspecies :
subsp. elatior (Friv.) K.Malý; Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 18: 441 (1906)
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; NW-Greece (mountains)
13 BIH GRC KOS MNT NMA SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrantia elatior Friv.; Flora 19: 434 (1836)
= Astrantia major var. elatior (Friv.) Murb.
subspecies :
subsp. involucrata (W.D.J.Koch) Ces.; Not. Nat. Civ. Lombardia [Cattaneo] 1: 298 (1844)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Austria; Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Bulgaria
11 AUT GER 12 FRA SPA 13 BUL CRO ITA MNT SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrantia carinthiaca Hoppe ex W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 281 (1835), nom. inval.
= Astrantia major f. pallida Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(2): 967 (1926)
= Astrantia major subsp. carinthiaca (Hoppe ex Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 265 (1882)
= Astrantia major subsp. carinthiaca (Rchb.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 265 (1882)
= Astrantia major var. carinthiaca Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 3 (Clav. Enum. Gen.): XLIV (1833)
= Astrantia major var. involucrata W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 280 (1835)
= Astrantia major var. major-rosea Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling], ed. 3, 2: 468 (1826)
species :
Astrantia maxima Pall.; Nova Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. Hist. Acad. 7: 357, t. 11 (1793)
subspecies :
subsp. maxima
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (NE-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrantia helleborifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 159 (1796)
= Astrantia heterophylla Willd.; Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 3: 419 (1801)
= Astrantia speciosa Heynh.; Alph. Aufz. Gew. 53 (1846)
= Transcaucasia armenia M.Hiroe; Umbelliferae World 616 (1979), as ´armunia´ in index p. 2124
subspecies :
subsp. haradjianii (Grintz.) Rech.f.; Ark. Bot., a. s. 5(1): 302 (1959)
Distribution: Turkey (WC-Anatolia, SC-Anatolia, C-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrantia maxima var. haradjianii Grintz.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 13/14: 130 (1910)
= Astrantia maxima var. quadriloba Grintz.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 13/14: 134 (1910)
species :
Astrantia minor L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 235 (1753)
Name: Kleine Sterndolde (DE)
Distribution: Switzerland; NE-Spain; Andorra; France; Italy
11 SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrantia alpina Clairv.; Man. Herbor. Suisse 78 (1811)
= Astrantia digitata Moench; Methodus [Moench] 94 (1794)
= Astrantia major subsp. minor (L.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 135 (1894), nom. illeg.
species :
Astrantia pauciflora Bertol.; J. Bot. [Desvaux] 2: 76 (1813)
subspecies :
subsp. pauciflora
Distribution: Italy (C- & S-Appennini, Alpi Apuane)
13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrantia minor Vitman; Summa Pl. 2: 124 (1790)
subspecies :
subsp. tenorei (Mariotti) Bechi & Garbari; Fl. Medit. 4: 222 (1994)
Distribution: Italy
13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrantia tenorei Mariotti; Webbia 43(1): 11 (1989)
species :
Astrantia pontica Albov; Prodr. Fl. Colchic. 99 (1895), et Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 521 (1895)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO NCS
species :
Astrantia trifida Hoffm.; Gen. Pl. Umbell. [Hoffmann], ed. 2(1): praef. 8 in nota (1816)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrantia biebersteinii Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 2: 28 (1836)
= Astrantia colchica Albov; Prodr. Fl. Colchic. 100 (1895), et Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 519 (1895)
= Astrantia intermedia M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. Suppl. 194 (1819)
= Astrantia major M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. Suppl. n. 509 (1819) non L.
= Astrantia major subsp. biebersteinii (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) I.Grint.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 13/14: 85 (1910)
= Astrantia major var. biebersteinii (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Schmalh.; Fl. Ross. Centr. Merid. 1: 385 (1895)
= Astrantia neglecta K.Koch & Bouché; Append. Sp. Hort. Berol. 1853: 22 (1853)
= Astrantia orientalis Woronow; Trudy Bot. Sada Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 6: 68 (1905)
= Astrantia ossica Woronow ex Grossh.; Trudy Bot. Sada Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 6: 70 (1905)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life