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480.0000 Family Solanaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 124 (1789), nom. cons.
96 genera, ca. 2900 spp. Phylogeny: Olmstead et al. (2008), Cole et al. (2020)
Species listed in database: 2802; hybrids: 19
= Atropaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 57 (1820)
= Browalliaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 243 (1820)
= Cestraceae Schltdl.; Linnaea 8: 250 (1833)
= Daturaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 243 (1820)
= Duckeodendraceae Kuhlm.; Arq. Serv. Florest. 3: 7 (1950)
= Goetzeaceae Miers; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27: 191 (1870)
= Hyoscyamaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 272, 294 (1818)
= Lyciaceae Raf.; Autik. Bot. 1: 15 (1840)
= Nicotianaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 416 (1820)
= Nolanaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 244 (1820), nom. cons.
= Salpiglossidaceae Hutch.; Evol. Phylogeny Fl. Pl. 631 (1969)
= Sclerophylacaceae Miers; London J. Bot. 7: 58 (1848)
480.8025 Genus Athenaea Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 133 (1846)
Distribution: Brazil (18), 2 Mexico
Species listed in database: 14
= Witheringia Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 3: 145 (1849)
= Aureliana Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 138, t. 19 (1846)
species :
Athenaea altoserranae I.M.C.Rodrigues & Stehmann; PhytoKeys 178: 3 (2021)
Distribution: Brazil (São Paulo)
84 BRA
species :
Athenaea angustifolia (Alm.-Lafetá) I.M.C.Rodrigues & Stehmann; Taxon 68(4): 840 (2019)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Aureliana angustifolia Alm.-Lafetá; Novon 10(3): 187 (2000)
species :
Athenaea anonacea Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 137, t. 18 (1846)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Athenaea pereirae Barboza & Hunz.; Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 26: 100 (1989)
= Aureliana anonacea (Sendtn.) I.M.C.Rodrigues & Stehmann; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 177(3): 329 (2015)
= Bassovia anonacea (Sendtn.) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 11: 94 (1853)
= Withania anonacea (Sendtn.) Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 463 (1852)
= Witheringia anonacea (Sendtn.) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 3: 146 (1849)
species :
Athenaea brasiliana Hunz.; Kurtziana 5: 397 (1969)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Aureliana brasiliana (Hunz.) Barboza & Hunz.; Darwiniana 30(1-4): 105 (1990 publ. 1991)
= Bassovia tomentosa var. lanceolata Dusén; Arq. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 13: 92 (1903)
species :
Athenaea cuspidata Witasek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 79: 318 (1910), Justs Bot. Jahresb. 39(2): 304 (1911)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Aureliana cuspidata (Witasek) I.M.C.Rodrigues & Stehmann; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 177(3): 329 (2015)
species :
Athenaea fasciculata (Vell.) I.M.C.Rodrigues & Stehmann; Taxon 68(4): 841 (2019)
Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Pando, Santa Cruz); NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Guaira, Paraguari, San Pedro); Argentina (Misiones)
83 BOL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Aureliana darcyi Carvalho & Bovini; Novon 5(3): 257 (1995)
= Aureliana fasciculata (Vell.) Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 140 (1846)
= Aureliana fasciculata var. longifolia (Sendtn.) Hunz. & Barboza; Darwiniana 30(1-4): 104 (1990 publ. 1991)
= Aureliana fasciculata var. tomentella (Sendtn.) Barboza & Hunz.; Darwiniana 30(1-4): 103 (1990 publ. 1991)
= Aureliana glomeruliflora Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 138 (1846)
= Aureliana glomuliflora Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 138 (1846)
= Aureliana glomuliflora var. longifolia Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 139 (1846)
= Aureliana lucida (Moric.) Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 139 (1846)
= Aureliana lucida var. tomentella Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 139 (1846)
= Bassovia fasciculata (Vell.) Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13: 408 (1852)
= Bassovia glomeruliflora Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 405 (1852)
= Bassovia glomeruliflora var. longifolia (Sendtn.) Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 405 (1852)
= Bassovia hebepoda Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13: 407 (1852)
= Bassovia lucida (Moric.) Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 406 (1852)
= Bassovia lucida var. celastroides (Sendtn. ex Mart.) Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 407 (1852)
= Bassovia lucida var. pilosulum Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 407 (1852)
= Bassovia lucida var. rufescens Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 407 (1852)
= Bassovia lucida var. tomentella (Sendtn.) Edwall; Bol. Commiss. Geogr. Estado São Paulo 13: 28 (1897)
= Capsicum fasciculatum (Vell.) Kuntze; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 15: 133 (1891)
= Capsicum glomeruliflorum (Sendtn.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 218 (1898)
= Capsicum hebepodum (Dunal) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450 (1891)
= Capsicum lucidum (Moric.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 449 (1891)
= Solanum celastroides Sendtn. ex Mart.; Flora 24(2. Beibl.): 86 (1841)
= Solanum fasciculatum Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 85 2: t. 106 (1825 publ. 1829)
= Solanum lucidum Moric.; Pl. Nouv. Amér. 26 (1837)
= Solanum monanthos Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 406 (1852)
species :
Athenaea hunzikeriana I.M.C.Rodrigues & Stehmann; PhytoKeys 178: 8, figs. 3-5 (2021)
Distribution: Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
species :
Athenaea martiana Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 136 (1846)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Athenaea hirsuta Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 137 (1846)
= Aureliana martiana (Sendtn.) I.M.C.Rodrigues & Stehmann; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 177(3): 329 (2015)
= Bassovia hirsuta (Sendtn.) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 11: 94 (1853)
= Bassovia martiana (Sendtn.) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 11: 94 (1853)
= Solanum paradoxum Schott ex Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 462 (1852)
= Withania hirsuta (Sendtn.) Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 463 (1852)
= Withania martiana (Sendtn.) Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 462 (1852)
= Witheringia hirsuta (Sendtn.) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 3: 146 (1849), nom. illeg.
= Witheringia martiana (Sendtn.) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 3: 146 (1849)
species :
Athenaea picta (Mart.) Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 134 (1846)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Aureliana picta (Mart.) I.M.C.Rodrigues & Stehmann; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 177(3): 329 (2015)
= Bassovia gardneri Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 409 (1852)
= Bassovia picta (Mart.) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 11: 94 (1853)
= Bassovia pogogena Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 11: 94 (1853)
= Capsicum hirsutum (Gardner) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450 (1891)
= Cyphomandra physaloides Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 388 (1852)
= Solanum physaloides Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 388 (1852)
= Withania picta (Mart.) Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 458 (1852)
= Withania picta var. subnuda Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 459 (1852)
= Witheringia hirsuta Gardner; London J. Bot. 1: 541 (1842)
= Witheringia mollis Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 459 (1852), nom. illeg.
= Witheringia picta Mart.; Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. [Martius] 3: 74 (1829)
species :
Athenaea pogogena (Moric.) Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 135 (1846)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Athenaea micrantha Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 135 (1846)
= Athenaea pogogena var. glabra Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 135 (1846)
= Athenaea pohliana Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 136 (1846)
= Athenaea schottiana Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 135 (1846)
= Aureliana pogogena (Moric.) I.M.C.Rodrigues & Stehmann; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 177(3): 329 (2015)
= Bassovia micrantha (Sendtn.) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 11: 94 (1853)
= Bassovia mollis (Dunal) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 11: 94 (1853)
= Bassovia novofriburgensis (Dunal) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 11: 94 (1853)
= Bassovia oocarpa (Dunal) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 11: 94 (1853)
= Bassovia pohliana (Sendtn.) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 11: 94 (1853)
= Bassovia pyrifolia (Dunal) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 11: 94 (1853)
= Bassovia schottiana (Sendtn.) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 11: 94 (1853)
= Saracha brasiliensis Klotzsch; Linnaea 14: 290 (1840)
= Solanum pogogenum Moric.; Pl. Nouv. Amér. 25 (1836)
= Withania micrantha (Sendtn.) Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 460 (1852)
= Withania mollis Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 460 (1852)
= Withania novofriburgensis Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 462 (1852)
= Withania oocarpa Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 463 (1852)
= Withania picta var. parvifolia Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 459 (1852)
= Withania pogogena (Moric.) Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 459 (1852)
= Withania pogogena var. glabra (Sendtn.) Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 460 (1852)
= Withania pohliana (Sendtn.) Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 461 (1852)
= Withania pyrifolia Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 461 (1852)
= Withania schottiana (Sendtn.) Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 461 (1852)
= Witheringia micrantha (Sendtn.) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 3: 145 (1849)
= Witheringia pogogena (Moric.) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 3: 145 (1849)
= Witheringia pohliana (Sendtn.) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 3: 146 (1849)
= Witheringia schottiana (Sendtn.) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 3: 146 (1849)
species :
Athenaea sellowiana (Sendtn.) I.M.C.Rodrigues & Stehmann; Taxon 68(4): 844 (2019)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (São Paulo)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Aureliana sellowiana (Sendtn.) Barboza & Stehmann; Syst. Bot. 35(2): 421 (2010)
= Saracha sellowiana (Sendtn.) Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 11: 93 (1853)
= Solanum witheringioides Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: (1891) 448 in nota
= Witheringia sellowiana Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 123 (1846)
species :
Athenaea tomentosa (Sendtn.) I.M.C.Rodrigues & Stehmann; Taxon 68(4): 844 (2019)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Aureliana tomentosa Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 140 (1846)
= Bassovia crassiflora Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 409 (1852)
= Bassovia tomentosa (Sendtn.) Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13: 409 (1852)
= Capsicum crassiflorum (Dunal) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450 (1891)
= Capsicum tomentosum (Sendtn.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 450 (1891)
species :
Athenaea velutina (Sendtn.) D´Arcy; Solanaceae Newslett. 2(4): 16 (1986)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás, Brazília Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Aureliana velutina Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 140 (1846)
= Aureliana velutina var. obtusifolia Sendtn.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 10: 141 (1846)
= Bassovia velutina (Sendtn.) Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 410 (1852)
= Capsicum velutinum (Sendtn.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450 (1891)
species :
Athenaea wettsteiniana (Witasek) I.M.C.Rodrigues & Stehmann; Taxon 68(4): 845 (2019)
Distribution: NE-Brazil; SE-Brazil (São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Aureliana wettsteiniana (Witasek) Hunz. & Barboza; Darwiniana 30(1-4): 107 (1990 publ. 1991)
= Bassovia wettsteiniana Witasek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 79: 323 (1910), Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 39(2): 304 (1911)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life