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323.0000 Family Chrysobalanaceae R.Br.; Narr. Exped. Zaire [Tuckey] 433 (1818), nom. cons.
20 genera, ca. 540 spp., mainly tropical America. Phylogeny see Sothers et al. 2016.
Species listed in database: 548
= Chrysobalaneae DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 525 (1825)
= Chrysobalaninae Focke; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 3: 12 (1888)
= Chrysobalanineae J.Presl; Nowoceská Bibl. [Wseobecný Rostl.] 7: 467, 469 (1846)
= Chrysobalanoideae Arn.; Botany [Arnott] 107 (1832)
= Couepieae Prance & F.White; Philos. Trans., Ser. B, 320: 78 (1988)
= Grangeriinae Bonne; Res. Pédic. Fl. Rosacées 356 (1928)
= Hirtellaceae Horan.; Char. Ess. Fam. 152 (1847)
= Hirtelleae Bonne; Res. Pédic. Fl. Rosacées 356 (1928)
= Hirtellinae Focke; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 3: 12 (1888)
= Licaniaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 336 (1820)
= Parinarieae Prance & F.White; Philos. Trans., Ser. B, 320: 78 (1988)
323.0011 Genus Atuna Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 153 (1838)
Distribution: S-India, Thailand, Malesia (5, excl. Lesser Sunda Is.), Admiralty, Caroline, and Solomon Is. to Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa Is.
Species listed in database: 8
= Cyclandrophora Hassk.; Flora 25(2, 1. Beibl.): 47 (1842)
= Entosiphon Bedd.; Madras J. Lit. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 44 (1864)

Search for: Atuna excelsa-subsp.-racemosa

Nothing found!
species :
Atuna cordata Cockburn ex Prance; Brittonia 39(3): 364 (1987)
Distribution: Borneo (Sabah)
42 BOR
species :
Atuna elliptica (Kosterm.) Kosterm.; Reinwardtia 7(5): 421 (1969)
Distribution: Fiji
60 FIJ
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyclandrophora elliptica (Kosterm.) Kosterm. & Prance; Candollea 20: 120 (1965)
= Parinari elliptica Kosterm.; Reinwardtia 7: 48 (1965)
species :
Atuna excelsa (Jack) Kosterm.; Reinwardtia 7: 422 (1969)
subspecies :
subsp. excelsa
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Terengganu, Pahang, Johor); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan); Brunei; N-Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao); Java
42 BOR BRN JAW MLY PHI SNG SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Atuna racemosa subsp. excelsa (Jack) Prance; Fl. Males., Ser. 1, Spermatoph. 10(4): 670 (1989)
= Atuna villamilii (Merr.) Kosterm.; Reinwardtia 7: 422 (1969)
= Cyclandrophora excelsa (Jack) Kosterm.; Candollea 20: 128 (1965)
= Cyclandrophora villamilii (Merr.) Prance ex Kosterm.; Candollea 20: 126 (1965)
= Ferolia asperula (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 216 (1891)
= Ferolia jackiana (Benth.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 216 (1891)
= Parinari asperula Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 307 (1861)
= Parinari jackiana Benth.; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 335 (1849)
= Parinari maingayi King; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 280 (1897)
= Parinari spicata King; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 279 (1897)
= Parinari villamilii Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 10: 208 (1915)
= Petrocarya excelsa Jack; Malayan Misc. 2: no. VII, p. 66 (1822)
subspecies :
subsp. racemosa (Raf.) Prance; Gard. Bull. Singapore 71(1): 88 (2019)
Distribution: Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Kedah, Selangor); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo (Sarawak); Brunei; Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Luzon, Masbate, Mindanao); Java; Moluccas (Ambon, Ternate, Seram); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (Admiralty Isl., New Britain); Solomon Isl.; Santa Cruz Isl.; Vanuatu; Rotuma Isl.; Tonga (Tongatapu, Vava´u, Tafahi); Fiji; Wallis & Futuna; American Samoa (Tutuila); [Western] Samoa (Savai´i, ´Upolu); Palau (Babeldaob, Koror, Ngarakabesang); Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap, Moen, Tol, Fefan, Pohnpei, Kosrae)
41 THA 42 BOR BRN JAW MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SNG SUL SUM 43 BIS SOL 60 ASA FIJ ROT SAM SCZ TON VAN WAL 62 MIC PLU
Remarks: In the Pacific often only as ancient Polynesian introduction
Synonyms: hidden
= Atuna elata (King) Kosterm.; Reinwardtia 7: 42 (1969)
= Atuna racemosa Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 153 (1838)
= Atuna scabra (Hassk.) Kosterm.; Reinwardtia 7: 422 (1969)
= Chrysobalanus racemosus Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 506 (1832)
= Cyclandrophora elata (King) Prance ex Kosterm.; Candollea 20: 122 (1965)
= Cyclandrophora glaberrima Hassk.; Flora 25(2, 1. Beibl.): 47 (1842)
= Cyclandrophora laurina (A.Gray) Kosterm.; Candollea 20: 135 (1965)
= Cyclandrophora scabra (Hassk.) Kosterm.; Candollea 20: 126 (1965)
= Ferolia glaberrima (Hassk.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 216 (1891)
= Ferolia scabra (Hassk.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 216 (1891)
= Parinari curranii Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 4: 264 (1909)
= Parinari elata King; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 280 (1897)
= Parinari glaberrima (Hassk.) Hassk.; Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 10: 147 (1843)
= Parinari hahlii Warb.; Tropenpflanzer 6: 370 (1902)
= Parinari lanceolata Teijsm. & Binn.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Teijsmann & Binnendijk] 253 (1866), nomen
= Parinari laurina A.Gray; U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 15(1): 490 (1845)
= Parinari macrophylla Teijsm. & Binn.; Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 29: 256 (1867), nomen
= Parinari margarata A.Gray; U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 15(1): 489 (1845)
= Parinari mindanaensis Perkins; Fragm. Fl. Philipp. [Perkins] 1: 119 (1904)
= Parinari racemosa Merr.; Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 17: 19 (1904), nom. illeg.
= Parinari scabra Hassk.; Flora 27: 585 (1844)
= Parinari scabra var. lanceolata Koord. & Valeton; Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 5: 338 (1900)
= Parinari scabra var. macrophylla Koord. & Valeton; Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 5: 338 (1900)
= Parinari warburgii Perkins ex Merr.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 76: 82 (1917)
= Petrocarya glaberrima (Hassk.) Miers; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 17: 336 (1879)
= Petrocarya scabra (Hassk.) Miers; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 17: 336 (1879)
species :
Atuna indica (Bedd.) Kosterm.; Reinwardtia 7: 422 (1969)
Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyclandrophora indica (Bedd.) Prance ex Kosterm.; Candollea 20: 124 (1965)
= Entosiphon indicus Bedd.; Madras J. Lit. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 45 (1864)
= Ferolia indica (Bedd.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 216 (1891)
= Parinari indica (Bedd.) Bedd.; Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. [Beddome] 22 (1869)
species :
Atuna latifrons (Kosterm.) Prance & F.White; Philos. Trans., Ser. B, 320 (1197): 132 (1988)
Distribution: +peninsular Malaysia (Kedah/Perak border)
42 MLY
Conservation Status: only known from type collected 1938
Synonyms: hidden
= Atuna latifolia Kosterm.; Reinwardtia 7(5): 421 (1969), nom. superfl.
= Cyclandrophora latifolia (M.R.Hend.) Prance ex Kosterm.; Candollea 20: 121 (1965)
= Parinari latifolia M.R.Hend.; Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 7: 102 (1933)
= Parinarium latifrons Kosterm.; Reinwardtia 7: 54 (1965)
species :
Atuna nannodes (Kosterm.) Kosterm.; Reinwardtia 7: 422 (1969)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Penang, Terengganu, Perak, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan, Johor); Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah)
42 BOR MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Parinari nannodes Kosterm.; Reinwardtia 7: 50 (1965)
= Cyclandrophora nannodes (Kosterm.) Kosterm. & Prance; Candollea 20: 122 (1965)
species :
Atuna penangiana (Kosterm.) Kosterm.; Reinwardtia 7: 422 (1969)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Penang, Kelantan, Terengganu, Perak, Johor, Kedah, Selangor, Pahang)
42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyclandrophora penangiana Kosterm.; Candollea 20: 124 (1965)
species :
Atuna travancorica (Bedd.) Kosterm.; Reinwardtia 7(5): 422 (1969)
Distribution: India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Parinari travancoricum Bedd.; Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. [Beddome] 1: 43 (1868-74)
= Ferolia travancorica (Bedd.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 216 (1891)
= Cyclandrophora travancorica (Bedd.) Prance ex Kosterm.; Candollea 20: 125 (1965)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life