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386.0000 Family Amaranthaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 87 (1789), nom. cons.
ca. 185 genera, ca. 2300 spp. According to many modern authors and all PCR results Chenopodiaceae is only a subfamily or section of Amaranthaceae.
Species listed in database: 2306; hybrids: 76
= Achyranthaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 35 (1837)
= Atriplicaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 83 (1789)
= Betaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 591, 1091, 1142 (1835)
= Blitaceae Kuntze; Lex. Gen. Phan. [Post & Kuntze] 637, 710 (1903)
= Celosiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 117 (1820)
= Chenopodiaceae Vent.; Tabl. Règn. Vég. 2: 253 (1799), nom. cons., Family
= Deeringiaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 369 (1858)
= Dysphaniaceae Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 230 (1927), nom. cons.
= Gomphrenaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 38 (1837)
= Polycnemaceae Menge; Cat. Pl. Grudent. Gedan. 161 (1839)
= Salicorniaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 558 (1820)
= Salsolaceae Menge; Cat. Pl. Grudent. Gedan. 165 (1839)
= Spinaciaceae Menge; Cat. Pl. Grudent. Gedan. 166 (1839)
386.4302 Genus Blitum Hill; Brit. Herb. [Hill] 490 (1757)
Distribution: Temperate holarctic, 1 in Australia
Species listed in database: 11; hybrids: 1
= Agathophytum Moq.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 1: 291 (1834), nom. superfl.
= Anserina Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 21 (1827)
= Carocarpidium S.C.Sand. & G.L.Chu; Gen. New Evol. System World Chenopod. 334 (2017)
= Monolepis Schrad.; Index Sem. (Göttingen) 4 (1830)
= Morocarpus Boehm.; Def. Gen. Pl., ed. 3: 385 (1760), nom. superfl.
= Scleroblitum Ulbr.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 16c: 495 (1934)
species :
Blitum asiaticum (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch; Willdenowia 42(1): 17 (2012)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, Yakutia); Russian Far East
11 ger 30 SIB 31 RFE
Synonyms: hidden
= Monolepis asiatica Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 2, 2: 131 (1844)
species :
Blitum atriplicinum F.Muell.; Trans. & Proc. Victorian Inst. Advancem. Sci. 1: 133 (1855)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Australia (S-Queensland to NW-Victoria and E-South Australia)
11 cze ger 50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Amaranthus enervis (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 5: 216 (1870)
= Amaranthus tenuis Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 5: 216 (1870)
= Chenopodium atriplicinum (F.Muell.) F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 7: 11 (1869)
= Euxolus enervis F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 1: 140 (1859)
= Scleroblitum atriplicinum (F.Muell.) Ulbr.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 16c: 496 (1934)
species :
Blitum bonus-henricus (L.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 582 (1832)
Name: Guter Heinrich (DE), Good-King-Henry, Wild Spinach (EN)
Distribution: Svalbard [I]; England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, +Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of mainland, Sporades, Skiros); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus [I]; C-European Russia; W-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Morocco [I]; New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Quebec [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Illinois [I], Kentucky [I], Maine [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I])
10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR sva SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB 14 blr EST LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 mor 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Agathophytum bonus-henricus (L.) Moq.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 1: 291 (1834)
= Agatophyton bonus-henricus (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 33(1): 485 (1915)
= Anserina bonus-henricus (L.) Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 21 (1827)
= Atriplex bonus-henricus (L.) Crantz; Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 206 (1766)
= Blitum bonus-henricus (L.) C.A.Mey.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 1: 11 (1829), nota
= Blitum bonus-henricus f. dentatum (Knaf) Mered´a & Schwarzová; Fl. Slovenska 6(4): 723, 220 (2016)
= Blitum bonus-henricus f. multiceps Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 7B(47B): 614 (1907 publ. 1908)
= Blitum bonus-henricus f. nivrense Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 7B(47B): 615 (1907 publ. 1908)
= Blitum bonus-henricus var. alpinum (DC.) Moq.; Chenop. Monogr. Enum. 47 (1840)
= Blitum bonus-henricus var. babiogorense Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 7B(47B): 614 (1907 publ. 1908)
= Blitum bonus-henricus var. dentatum Knaf; Flora 29: 308 (1846)
= Blitum bonus-henricus var. erosum Moq.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(2): 85 (1849)
= Blitum bonus-henricus var. sagittiforme Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 7B(47B): 614 (1907 publ. 1908)
= Blitum bonus-henricus var. silesiacum Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 7B(47B): 614 (1907 publ. 1908)
= Blitum bonus-henricus var. tatrense Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 7B(47B): 614 (1907 publ. 1908)
= Blitum perenne Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 173 (1897)
= Chenopodium bonus-henricus f. adnatum Aellen; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 69(1): 69 (1964)
= Chenopodium bonus-henricus f. rotundatum Aellen; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 69(1): 69 (1964)
= Chenopodium bonus-henricus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 218 (1753)
= Chenopodium bonus-henricus var. alpinum DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 3: 388 (1805)
= Chenopodium esculentum Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 151 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Chenopodium hastatum St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 703 (1889), nom. illeg.
= Chenopodium ruderale Kit. ex Moq.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(2): 77 (1849)
= Chenopodium ruderale St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 69 (1880)
= Chenopodium sagittatum Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 244 (1779)
= Chenopodium spinacifolium Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 2: 14 (1812)
= Chenopodium triangulare Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 171 (1867) non Forssk.
= Chenopodium triangularifolia Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 437 (1792), opus utique oppr.
= Orthospermum bonus-henricus (L.) Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 63 (1853)
= Orthospermum unctuosum Montandon; Syn. Fl. Jura, ed. 2: 262 (1868)
= Orthosporum bonus-henricus (L.) T.Nees; Gen. Fl. Germ. [Nees] Monochl. no. 58 (1835)
= Orthosporum unctuosum Montandon; Syn. Fl. Jura 262 (1856)
species :
Blitum californicum S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 9: 101 (1874)
Name: California goosefoot, soap plant
Distribution: USA (California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carocarpidium californicum (S.Watson) S.C.Sand. & G.L.Chu; Gen. New Evol. System World Chenopod. 334 (2017)
= Chenopodium californicum (S.Watson) S.Watson; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 2: 48 (1880)
species :
Blitum capitatum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 4 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. capitatum
Name: Strawberry-blite, Indian-paint, Indian Ink (EN), Ähriger Erdbeerspinat (DE)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark [I]; Netherlands [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; Slovakia [I]; France [I]; Italy [I]; Croatia [I]; Romania [I]; Greece [I]; Estonia [I]; Belarus [I]; European Russia [I]; Ukraine [I]; India [I]; New Zealand [I]; Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, N. W. T., Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Washington State, West Virginia Wisconsin, Wyoming)
10 den grb ire 11 aut ger net pol slo swi 12 fra 13 cro grc ita rom 14 blr est rus ukr 40 ind 51 nzl 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA
Remarks: virgatum agg. See also B. petiolare which is frequently included here
Synonyms: hidden
= Blitum tataricum Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 3 (1768)
= Blitum terminale Stokes; Bot. Comm. 1: 11 (1830)
= Blitum virgatum subsp. capitatum (L.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 269 (1894)
= Blitum virgatum var. capitatum (L.) Coss., Germ. & Wedd.; Introd. Fl. Anal. Paris 108 (1842)
= Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 572 (1864)
= Morocarpos capitatus (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 342 (1794), isonym
= Morocarpus capitatus (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 6 (1771)
subspecies :
subsp. hastatum (Rydb.) Mosyakin; Phytoneuron 2013-56: 2 (2013)
Name: Over´s goosefoot
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Blitum hastatum Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 273 (1901)
= Chenopodium capitatum var. parvicapitatum S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Naturalist 44(2): 199 (1984)
= Chenopodium overi Aellen; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 159 (1929)
species :
Blitum korshinskyi Litv.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 7: 76 (1910)
Distribution: Tajikistan; NE-Pakistan; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
32 TZK 40 IND PAK
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, often included in B. virgatum
Synonyms: hidden
= Chenopodium korshinskyi (Litv.) Minkw.; Rastitel´n. Turkest. [B.Fedtschenko] 332 (1915)
species :
Blitum litwinowii (Paulsen) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch; Willdenowia 42(1): 17 (2012)
Distribution: Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Ghorat, Kabul, Wardak, Paktia / Khost, Parwan)
32 TZK 34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Chenopodium litwinowii (Paulsen) Uotila; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 30(3): 190 (1993)
= Monolepis litwinowii Paulsen; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 6, 7: 187 (1903)
species :
Blitum nuttallianum Roem. & Schult.; Mant. 1 [Schultes] 65 (1822), nom. nov.
Name: Nuttalls povertyweed
Distribution: Germany [I]; Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maine, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Sonora); Argentina [I]
11 ger 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 85 arg
Synonyms: hidden
= Blitum chenopodioides Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 1: 4 (1818) non L. 1771
= Chenopodium arcticum Moq.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(2): 86 (1849)
= Chenopodium trifidum Trevir.; Index Sem. (Breslau) 1829: ? (1829)
= Monolepis chenopodioides (Nutt.) Moq.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(2): 85 (1849)
= Monolepis chenopodioides var. trifida (Trevir.) Moq.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(2): 86 (1849)
= Monolepis nuttalliana (Roem. & Schult.) Greene; Fl. Francisc. 168 (1891)
= Monolepis patagonica Ulbr.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 16c: 499 (1934)
= Monolepis trifida (Trevir.) Schrad.; Index Sem. (Göttingen) 1830: 4 (1830)
species :
Blitum petiolare Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 8 (1821)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya
12 POR SPA 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN
Remarks: status uncertain, possibly to be included in B. capitatum
Synonyms: hidden
= Blitum exsuccum C.Loscos; Trat. Pl. Aragon Suppl. 8: 106 (1886)
= Blitum virgatum var. minus Vahl; Enum. Pl. [Vahl] 1: 18 (1804)
= Chenopodium exsuccum (C.Loscos) Uotila; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 16(3): 237 (1979)
= Chenopodium foliosum var. exsuccum (C.Loscos) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Man. Països Catalans 2: 770 (1990)
= Chenopodium foliosum var. minus (Vahl) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 572 (1864)
= Chenopodium virgatum var. exsuccum (C.Loscos) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 182 (1932)
= Chenopodium virgatum var. minus (Vahl) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 182 (1932)
species :
Blitum venetum Iamonico, Argenti, Sciuto & M.A.Wolf; Acta Bot. Croat. 81: 125 (2022)
Distribution: NE-Italy
13 ITA
species :
Blitum virgatum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 4-5 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. virgatum
Name: Durchblätterter Erdbeerspinat, Echter Erdbeerspinat (DE)
Distribution: Denmark [I]; Sweden [I]; ?Netherlands [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Spain; France; Italy; Croatia [I]; North Macedonia [I]; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; N-Greece; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus [I]; European Russia [I]; Moldova [I]; Ukraine [I]; Crimea [I]; Algeria; Libya; South Africa [I]; Siberia (Altai, Chita [I], Tuva); Russian Far East [I] (Magadan [I], Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iran (E-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Wakhan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Ghorat, Jawzjan / Sar-e-Pol, Kunar / Nuristan, Wardak, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Takhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); China (Xinjiang, Gansu); Tibet; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Murree, Astor, Gilgit); Nepal; NW-India (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh, Zanskar, Poonch, Jammu & Kashmir); Canada [I] (Alberta [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Colorado [I], Idaho [I], Massachusetts [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Dakota [I], Oregon [I], Utah [I], Washington [I], Wisconsin [I])
10 den swe 11 AUT ger hun LIE pol slo SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 ALB BUL cro GRC ITA nma ROM 14 blr est kry lat lit mld rus ukr 20 ALG LBY 27 saf 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE geo ncs 34 AFG CYP IRN LEB TUR 36 CHI TIB 38 tai 40 IND NEP PAK 71 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa
Remarks: virgatum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Blitum virgatum f. humile Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 7B(47B): 613 (1907 publ. 1908)
= Blitum virgatum f. zabiense Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 7B(47B): 613 (1907 publ. 1908)
= Chenopodium blitum F.Muell.; Addit. Princip. Timber Trees & Sel. Pl. 11 (1874)
= Chenopodium blitum Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 3: 52 (1880)
= Chenopodium foliosum Moench ex Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 572 (1864)
= Chenopodium foliosum var. virgatum (L.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 8: 43 (1962), nom. inval.
= Chenopodium virgatum (L.) Ambrosi; Fl. Tirolo Mer. [Ambrosi] 2: 179 (1857) (non Thunb. 1815)
= Chenopodium virgatum (L.) Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 345 (1914)
= Chenopodium virgatum f. minus (Vahl) Aellen; Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel 41: 103 (1930)
= Chenopodium virgatum var. minus (Vahl) Thell.; Mém. Soc. Natl. Sci. Nat. Math. Cherbourg 38: 198 (1912)
= Morocarpus foliosus Moench; Methodus [Moench] 342 (1794), nom. illeg.
subspecies :
subsp. montanum (Uotila) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch; Willdenowia 42(1): 17 (2012)
Distribution: SE-Turkey; N-Iran
34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Chenopodium foliosum subsp. montanum Uotila; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 30(3): 190 (1993)
species :
Blitum ×tkalcsicsii (H.Melzer) Mosyakin; Phytoneuron 2013-56: 2 (2013)
Distribution: Italy
13 ITA
Remarks: Blitum bonus-henricus x B. virgatum
Synonyms: hidden
= Chenopodium ×tkalcsicsii H.Melzer; Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 58: 75 (1987)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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