491.0000
Family
Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14337; hybrids: 48
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
491.3048
Genus
Borreria G.Mey.; Prim. Fl. Esseq. 79, t. 1 (1818)
Distribution: Tropical America. Even the current circumscription (following Florentin et al. 2021) remains polyphyletic with some species needing transfer in Diodia and some in a neotropical spinoff genus of Spermacoce s. str.
Species listed in database: 124
= Bigelovia Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 366, 404 (1827)
= Diacrodon Sprague; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 33 (1928)
= Tardavel Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 145 (1763)
species :
Borreria affinis
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 546 (1830)
Distribution: Bolivia; WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul); S-Brazil; Paraguay; N-Argentina
83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Remarks: see also B. eryngioides which is often combined
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria assurgens var. longisepala Hassl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 168 (1915)
= Borreria chacoensis Hassl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 167 (1915)
= Borreria chacoensis var. glabrata Hassl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 168 (1915)
= Borreria diffusa DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 544 (1830)
= Borreria eryngioides var. affinis (DC.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 48 (1888)
= Borreria lagurus S.Moore; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 4: 383 (1895)
= Borreria nectarifera Rusby; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 381 (1927)
= Spermacoce affinis (DC.) R.M.Salas; Syst. Bot. 45: 591 (2020)
= Spermacoce chacoensis (Hassl.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 15 (1996)
= Spermacoce hassleri E.L.Cabral & Florentín; Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 51(3): 559 (2016), nom. nov. superfl.
= Spermacoce lagurus (S.Moore) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 16 (1996)
= Spermacoce neodiffusa Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 17 (1996), nom. nov.
species :
Borreria amapaensis
E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo; Kew Bull. 59(2): 277 (2004)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Amapa)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce amapaensis (E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo) M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2025(1): 2 (2025)
species :
Borreria apodiensis
E.L.Cabral, L.M.Miguel & E.B.Souza; Acta Bot. Brasil. 30(2): 284 (2016)
Distribution: Brazil (Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte)
84 BRA
species :
Borreria argentea
Cham.; Linnaea 9: 215 (1834)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (São Paulo); Paraguay (Amambay, Caaguazu)
84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria argentea f. elegans Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 4: 184 (1904)
= Spermacoce argentea (Cham.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
species :
Borreria aristeguietaeana
Steyerm.; Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 29: 20 (1971)
Distribution: Venezuela (Cojedes, Guarico)
82 VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce aristeguietiana (Steyerm.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 14 (1996)
species :
Borreria bahamensis
Britton; Bahama Fl. [Britton & Millspaugh] 423 (1920)
Distribution: Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; St. Eustatius; St. Kitts; Antigua; Barbuda; Guadeloupe (incl. La Désirade, Les Saintes)
81 ABA BAH GDL STE STK TCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria wilsonii Britton; Bahama Fl. [Britton & Millspaugh] 423 (1920)
= Spermacoce bahamensis (Britton) Howard; Phytologia 65: 287 (1988)
species :
Borreria bahiana
E.L.Cabral; Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 29(3-4): 227 (1993)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce bahiana (E.L.Cabral) M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2025(1): 3 (2025)
species :
Borreria bolivarensis
Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 819 (1972)
Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar, Sucre)
82 VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce bolivarensis (Steyerm.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 15 (1996)
species :
Borreria brachysepala
Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 415 (1912)
Distribution: Dominican Republic; Haiti; Puerto Rico
81 HIS PUE
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria brachysepala var. pulverulenta Urb.; Ark. Bot. 24A(4): 54 (1931)
= Borreria laevis var. sintenisii Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 4: 607 (1911)
= Spermacoce brachysepala (Urb.) Alain; Fl. Puerto Rico & Adjac. Isls.: System. Synop. [Liogier & Martorell] 249 (1982)
= Spermacoce sintenisii (Urb.) Alain; Phytologia 64: 348 (1988)
species :
Borreria brachystemonoides
Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 314 (1828)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Caazapa, Central, Concepcion, Itapua); Uruguay (Rivera, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Corrientes, Entre Rios, Misiones)
83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Remarks: Borreria s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce brachystemonoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
species :
Borreria bradei
Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 184 (1936)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce bradei (Standl.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 15 (1996)
species :
Borreria brittonii
Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 388 (1931)
Distribution: Turks & Caicos Isl.
81 TCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria saxicola Britton; Bahama Fl. [Britton & Millspaugh] 422 (1920) (non Krausse 1908)
= Spermacoce brittonii (Standl.) Howard; Phytologia 65: 287 (1988)
species :
Borreria brownii
(Rusby) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 333 (1931)
Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Ceara); Argentina (Jujuy)
83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria laevis var. edentata Steyerm.; Acta Bot. Venez. 6: 196 (1971 publ. 1972)
= Borreria staurochlamys R.E.Fr.; Ark. Bot. 6(11): 9 (1907)
= Spermacoce brownii Rusby; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 4: 208 (1896)
species :
Borreria burchellii
E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 10: 126 (2000)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Tocantins)
84 BRA
Remarks: Borreria s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria tenella var. pumila K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 56 (1888)
= Spermacoce burchellii (E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo) Delprete; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2): 1025 (2007)
species :
Borreria capillaris
Correll; J. Arnold Arbor. 60(1): 161 (1979)
Distribution: Turks & Caicos Isl.
81 TCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce capillaris (Correll) Howard; Phytologia 65: 287 (1988)
species :
Borreria capitata
(Ruiz & Pav.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 545 (1830)
Distribution: Hawaii [I] (Hawaii Isl. [I]); Belize; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Guaviare, Huila, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Santander, Tolima, Valle, Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Portuguesa, Trujillo); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Roraima); NE-Brazil (Piauí, Ceara, Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná); Paraguay (Canindeyu)
63 haw 80 BLZ COS PAN 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 PAR
Remarks: Borreria s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Bigelovia cornifolia Heynh.; Nomencl. Bot. Hort. 121 (1840)
= Bigelovia distans (Kunth) Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 295 (1838)
= Borreria aturensis (Kunth) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 545 (1830)
= Borreria capitata f. ferruginea (A.St.-Hil.) Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 822 (1972)
= Borreria capitata f. glabra Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 823 (1972)
= Borreria capitata subsp. restingicola E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo; Kew Bull. 59: 284 (2004)
= Borreria coriacea Scheele; Linnaea 17: 339 (1844)
= Borreria cornifolia (Fisch. ex Nees) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 545 (1830)
= Borreria distans (Kunth) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 542 (1830)
= Borreria elongata DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 547 (1830)
= Borreria ferruginea (A.St.-Hil.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 547 (1830)
= Borreria gracilis Scheele; Linnaea 17: 340 (1844), nom. illeg.
= Borreria kappleriana Miq.; Linnaea 18: 746 (1844)
= Borreria lutescens DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 547 (1830)
= Borreria procera Cham.; Linnaea 9: 593 (1835) non Schltdl.
= Borreria psyllioides DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 548 (1830)
= Borreria rubrostipulata DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 546 (1830)
= Borreria saturejifolia Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 313 (1828)
= Borreria sphaerica DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 547 (1830)
= Borreria strictissima DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 547 (1830)
= Borreria tenella var. caesia Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 4: 184 (1904)
= Borreria tenella var. coriacea Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 4: 185 (1904)
= Borreria tenella var. lavandulifolia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 548 (1830)
= Borreria tenella var. macrocephala Glaziou; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 56(3d): 362 (1909)
= Borreria tenella var. pubescens Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 4: 184 (1904)
= Borreria tenella var. suffruticosa Zahlbr.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 12: 81 (1923)
= Borreria tenella var. tenera K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 56 (1888)
= Jurgensia psylloides Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 147 (1838)
= Spermacoce aculeata Willd.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 531 (1818)
= Spermacoce aturensis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 345 (1819)
= Spermacoce capitata Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 1: 61 (1798), nom. cons.
= Spermacoce capitata var. ferruginea (A.St.-Hil.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 124 (1898)
= Spermacoce cornifolia Fisch. ex Nees; Horae Phys. Berol. [Nees] 50 (1820)
= Spermacoce distans Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 344 (1819), nom. superfl.
= Spermacoce elongata Pohl ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 547 (1830), pro syn.
= Spermacoce fasciculata Pohl ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 547 (1830), pro syn.
= Spermacoce ferruginea A.St.-Hil.; Pl. Usuel. Bras. tab. 13 (1824)
= Spermacoce globosa Pohl ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 547 (1830), pro syn.
= Spermacoce lavandulifolia Pohl ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 548 (1830), pro syn.
= Spermacoce lutescens Pohl ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 547 (1830), pro syn.
= Spermacoce procera Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 60 (1881)
= Spermacoce rubrostipulata Pohl ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 547 (1830), pro syn.
= Spermacoce strictissima Pohl ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 547 (1830), pro syn.
= Spermacoce terminalis Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 51 (1825 publ. 1829)
= Spermacoce tomentosa Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 51 (1825 publ. 1829)
species :
Borreria carajasensis
E.L.Cabral & L.M.Miguel; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 49(3): 212 (2012)
Distribution: Brazil (Pará)
84 BRA
species :
Borreria cataractarum
Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 813 (1972)
Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar); Guyana
82 GUY VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce cataractarum (Steyerm.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 15 (1996)
species :
Borreria catolensis
E.L.Cabral & L.M.Miguel; Acta Bot. Brasil. 25(2): 260 (2011)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Borreria cerradoana
E.L.Cabral, R.M.Salas & J.D.Soto; Brittonia 64(4): 399 (2012)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz); Brazil (Boias, Mato Grosso, Piauí)
83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce cerradoana (E.L.Cabral, R.M.Salas & J.D.Soto) Govaerts; Skvortsovia 4(3): 95 (2018)
species :
Borreria chartensis
Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 161 (1930)
Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca, Santander)
82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce chartensis (Standl.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 15 (1996)
species :
Borreria clinopodioides
Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 391 (1931)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)
83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce clinopodioides (Standl.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 15 (1996)
species :
Borreria confertifolia
Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 828 (1972)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Guyana
82 GUY VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce confertifolia (Steyerm.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 15 (1996)
species :
Borreria crispata
(K.Schum.) E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 10: 126 (2000)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Tocantins); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Remarks: Borreria s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria tenella var. crispata K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 55 (1888)
= Spermacoce crispata (K.Schum.) Delprete; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2): 1025 (2007)
species :
Borreria cupularis
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 543 (1830)
Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Tocantins); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Brasilia Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Amambay, Canindeyu, Guaira)
83 BOL PER 84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce cupularis (DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
species :
Borreria dasycephala
(Cham. & Schltdl.) Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral; Opera Bot. Belg. 7 (2nd Intern. Rubiac. Conf.): 306 (1996)
Name: Carretilla
Distribution: South Africa [I] (E-Cape Prov. [I]); Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; USA [I] (Arkansas [I], Louisiana [I]); Ecuador; Bolivia (Tarija); SE-Brazil (São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Uruguay (Florida, Montevideo, Rivera, Rocha); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Entre Rios, Jujuy, Salta, Santa Fe, Tucuman)
27 saf 29 mau reu 78 usa 83 BOL ECU 84 BRA 85 ARG URU
Remarks: Borreria s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria advena Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 6: 46 (1840)
= Diodia dasycephala Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 348 (1828)
= Spermacoce dasycephala (Cham. & Schltdl.) Delprete; Fl. Ilustr. Catarin. Rubiaceas 2: 719 (2005)
= Spermacoce repens Willd. ex Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 348 (1828)
species :
Borreria decipiens
K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 57 (1889)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Piauí)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce decipiens (K.Schum.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
species :
Borreria delicatula
E.L.Cabral; Hickenia 3(7): 21 (1999), nom. nov.
Distribution: N-Brazil (Rondônia)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce delicatula (E.L.Cabral) Delprete; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2): 1025 (2007)
= Borreria filiformis E.L.Cabral; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 9(1-2): 35 (1996), homonym, non Hutch. & Dalziel 1931
species :
Borreria densiflora
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 542 (1830)
Name: Bouquet false buttonweed
Distribution: USA (Florida); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; St. Kitts; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Martinique; St. Lucia; Tobago; Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Casanare, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Aragua, Bolívar, Carabobo, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Guarico, Merida, Miranda, Portuguesa, Zulia); Guyana; French Guiana; Ecuador; Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Tarija); N-Brazil (Tocantins); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais); S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Pres. Hayes); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Tucuman)
78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB GDL HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE STK STL TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY VEN 83 BOL ECU 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Remarks: Borreria s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria arenicola Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 417 (1924)
= Borreria densiflora var. mimima E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo; Brittonia 57(2): 131 (2005)
= Borreria densiflora var. perennis Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 334 (1931)
= Borreria densiflora var. pilosa Bacigalupo; Fl. Prov. Jujuy 8: 9: 413 (1993)
= Borreria radicosa Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 416 (1924)
= Borreria spinosa var. minima (E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo) E.L.Cabral; Brittonia 64(4): 408 (2012)
= Spermacoce arenicola (Brandegee) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 14 (1996)
= Spermacoce densiflora (DC.) Alain; Phytologia 64: 347 (1988)
= Spermacoce spinosa Sw.; Observ. Bot. [Swartz] 45 (1791), nom. illeg. (non L. 1762)
variant :
var. latifolia
E.L.Cabral & B.A.B.Martins; Weed Biol. Managem. 9(4): 289 (2009)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Tocantins); NE-Brazil (Piauí, Ceara, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria spinosa var. latifolia (E.L.Cabral & B.A.B.Martins) E.L.Cabral; Acta Bot. Brasil. 25(2): 267 (2011)
species :
Borreria diacrodonta
L.M.Miguel & E.L.Cabral; Anais Acad. Brasil. Ci. 90(2): 1407, figs. 1-4 (2018), nom. nov.
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Ceara)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Diacrodon compressus Sprague; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 33 (1928)
species :
Borreria diamantinae
R.M.Salas & E.L.Cabral; Acta Bot. Brasil. 25(2): 261 (2011)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Borreria dimorpha
J.H.Kirkbr.; Brittonia 49(3): 373 (1997)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce dimorpha (J.H.Kirkbr.) Delprete; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2): 1025 (2007)
species :
Borreria dispersa
Hook.f.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 217 (1847)
Distribution: Galapagos
83 GAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria basalis Andersson; Galapagos Veg. 191 (1854)
= Borreria baurii B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 140 (1895)
= Borreria ovalis Andersson; Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 1853: 192 (1855)
= Borreria ovalis f. abingdonensis Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 38: 205 (1902)
= Borreria pacifica B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 140 (1895)
= Spermacoce basalis (Andersson) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
= Spermacoce baurii B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 141 (1895)
= Spermacoce dispersa (Hook.f.) Fosberg; Phytologia 62: 182 (1987)
= Spermacoce ovalis (Andersson) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
= Spermacoce pacifica (B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 141 (1895)
species :
Borreria divaricata
Hook.f.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 219 (1847)
Distribution: Galapagos
83 GAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria ericifolia Hook.f.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 218 (1847)
= Borreria parvifolia Hook.f.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 218 (1847)
= Spermacoce divaricata (Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
= Spermacoce ericifolia (Hook.f.) Fosberg; Phytologia 62: 182 (1987), nom. illeg.
= Spermacoce hookeri Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
= Spermacoce parvifolia (Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
species :
Borreria dussii
Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 185 (1936)
Distribution: Guadeloupe
81 GDL
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria ocymoides var. dussii (Standl.) Fournet; Fl. Ill. Phan. Guadeloupe & Martinique 1181 (1978)
= Spermacoce dussii (Standl.) Howard; Phytologia 65: 287 (1988)
species :
Borreria egleri
Sucre & C.G.Costa; Loefgrenia 48: 4 (1970)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce egleri (Sucre & C.G.Costa) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 15 (1996)
species :
Borreria elaiosulcata
E.L.Cabral & L.M.Miguel; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 49(3): 213 (2012)
Distribution: Brazil (Pará)
84 BRA
species :
Borreria eryngioides
Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 316 (1828)
Distribution: Antigua; Guadeloupe; Dominica; St. Lucia; Grenada; Tobago; Trinidad; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Tarija); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Caaguazu, Central, Concepcion, Guaira, Misiones, Paraguari, Pres. Hayes); Uruguay (Artigas, Colonia, Florida Prov., Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Salto, Soriano, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Tucuman)
81 ABA DOM GDL GRE STL TRT 83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Bigelovia eryngioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Misc. 3: 360 (1833)
= Borreria eryngioides var. latifolia Hassl.; Trab. Mus. Farmacol. 21: 118 (1909)
= Borreria parviflora var. scabra Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 156 (1879)
= Spermacoce diffusa Pohl ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 544 (1830), pro syn.
= Spermacoce eryngioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
species :
Borreria evenia
Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 109 (1940)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Espirito Santo)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce evenia (Standl.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 15 (1996)
species :
Borreria felis-insulae
Correll; J. Arnold Arbor. 58(1): 44 (1977)
Distribution: Bahamas (Cat Isl.)
81 BAH
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce felis-insulae (Correll) R.A.Howard; Phytologia 65(4): 288 (1988)
species :
Borreria fruticosa
Standl.; J. Arnold Arbor. 11: 42 (1930)
Distribution: Honduras
80 HON
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria fruticosa var. pubescens Standl. & L.O.Williams; Ceiba 1: 165 (1950)
= Spermacoce fruticosa (Standl.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 16 (1996)
= Spermacoce fruticosa var. pubescens (Standl. & L.O.Williams) C.Nelson; Ceiba 42(1): 61 (2001)
= Spermacoce hondurensis C.Nelson; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 58(1): 203 (2000), nom. nov. superfl.
species :
Borreria gracillima
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 543 (1830)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Tocantins); NE-Brazil; WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria tenuis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 543 (1830)
= Spermacoce gracillima (DC.) Delprete; Revista Biol. Neotrop. 3(1): 72 (2007)
= Spermacoce neotenuis Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 18 (1996), nom. nov. superfl.
= Spermacoce tenuis (DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898), nom. superfl.
= Spermacoce tenuissima Pohl ex K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 46 (1888), pro syn.
species :
Borreria gracilis
L.O.Williams; Phytologia 26: 487 (1973), nom. nov.
Distribution: Senegal [I]; Guinea-Bissau [I]; Guinea [I]; Sierra Leone [I]; Liberia [I]; Ivory Coast [I]; Ghana [I]; Benin [I]; Nigeria [I]; Cameroon [I]; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo] [I]; Principe Isl. [I]; São Tomé [I]; Annobon Isl. [I]; Gabon [I]; Congo [I]; Central African Republic [I]; Cabinda [I]; D.R.Congo (Zaire [I]); Chad [I]; Burundi [I]; Uganda [I]; Tanzania [I]; Zambia [I]; Malawi [I]; Madagascar [I]; Mauritius [I]; China [I] (Hongkong [I], Hainan [I]); Taiwan [I]; Nepal [I]; Bhutan [I]; India [I]; Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives] [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Nicobar Isl. [I]; Myanmar [I]; Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Vietnam [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Singapore [I]; Borneo [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I] (Bali [I]); Christmas Isl. [Austr.] [I]; New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (Queensland [I]); New Caledonia [I]; Fiji [I]; [Western] Samoa [I] (´Upolu [I], Savai´i [I]); Palau [I] (Babeldaob [I]); Palau [I] (Kayangl [I], Koror [I], Peleliu [I], Angaur [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Saipan [I], Rota [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Yap [I], Pohnpei [I]); Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Mexico (Colima, Jalisco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Isla del Coco; Panama; Bahamas; Cuba; Jamaica; Dominican Republic; Haiti; Antigua; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Grenada; Tobago; Trinidad; Aruba; Bonaire; Curacao; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Chocó, Magdalena, Meta, Valle); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Peru; Brazil (widespread)
22 ben gha gnb gui ivo lbr nga sen sie 23 ann bio bur cab caf cmn gab pri sao 24 cha 25 tan uga 26 mlw zam 29 mau mdg 36 chi 38 tai 40 bhu ind ldv nep srl 41 lao mya ncb tha vie 42 bor jaw lsi mly nwg phi sng sul xms 50 aus 60 fij nwc sam 62 gum mic mrn plu 63 haw 79 MEX 80 BLZ COC COS GUA NIC PAN 81 ABA ARU BAH BON CUB CUR DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR STL STV TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria exilis L.O.Williams; Phytologia 28: 227 (1974), nom. nov. based on B. gracilis L. O. Williams, Phytologia 26: 487 (1973), not Scheele (1844), nor Spermacoce gracilis Ruiz & Pav. (1798)
= Borreria repens DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 533 (1830)
= Spermacoce decandollei Deb & Ratna Dutta; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5(5): 1044 (1984), nom. nov. superfl.
= Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams; Fieldiana, Bot., n. s. 33: 316 (1993)
= Spermacoce exilis (L.O.Williams) C.D.Adams ex W.C.Burger & C.M.Taylor; Fieldiana, Bot., n. s. 33: 316 (1993)
= Spermacoce mauritiana Gideon; Kew Bull. 37(4): 547 (1983), nom. nov. superfl.
= Spermacoce repens (DC.) Fosberg & J.M.Powell; Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 45: 30 (1980), nom. illeg., not Willd. ex Chamisso & Schlechtendal (1828), nor Sessé & Mociño (1893), nor Larrañaga (1923)
species :
Borreria guimaraesensis
E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo; Kew Bull. 59(2): 280 (2004)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce guimaraesensis (E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo) M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2025(1): 3 (2025)
species :
Borreria heteranthera
E.L.Cabral & Sobrado; Phytotaxa 206(1): 59 (2015)
Distribution: Brazil (Pará)
84 BRA
species :
Borreria hispida
Spruce ex K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 62 (1889)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure?, Bolívar, Sucre, Yaracuy); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas); WC-Brazil
82 FRG GUY SUR VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce neohispida Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 18 (1996), nom. nov.
= Borreria hispida var. glabrescens K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 62 (1889)
species :
Borreria inaguensis
Britton; Bahama Fl. [Britton & Millspaugh] 422 (1920)
Distribution: Bahamas (Little Inagua Isl.)
81 BAH
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce inaguensis (Britton) Howard; Phytologia 65: 287 (1988)
species :
Borreria intricata
Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 828 (1972)
Distribution: Colombia (Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas)
82 CLM VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce intricata (Steyerm.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 16 (1996)
species :
Borreria irwiniana
E.L.Cabral; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 9(1-2): 36 (1996)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce irwiniana (E.L.Cabral) Delprete; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2): 1025 (2007)
species :
Borreria jangouxii
Steyerm.; Fl. Venez. 9(3): (1965 publ. 1974)
Distribution: Colombia (Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas)
82 CLM VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce jangouxii (Steyerm.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 16 (1996)
species :
Borreria johnwoodii
E.L.Cabral & R.M.Salas; Brittonia 63(2): 287 (2011)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz)
83 BOL
Conservation Status: Known only from type
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce johnwoodii (E.L.Cabral & R.M.Salas) Govaerts; Skvortsovia 4(3): 95 (2018)
species :
Borreria kelleri
L.M.Miguel & E.L.Cabral; Nordic J. Bot. 2022(5)-e03507: 2 (2022)
Distribution: Paraguay; Argentina (Misiones, Corrientes)
85 ARG PAR
species :
Borreria krapocarmeniana
E.L.Cabral & L.M.Miguel; Syst. Bot. 38(3): 778 (2013)
Distribution: Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay; Argentina (Misiones, Corrientes)
84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce krapocarmeniana (E.L.Cabral & L.M.Miguel) comb.ined.
species :
Borreria lagunensis
M.E.Jones; Contr. W. Bot. 18: 67 (1933)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte)
79 MEX
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce lagunensis (M.E.Jones) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 16 (1996)
species :
Borreria limae
Sucre; Rodriguésia 26(38): 253 (1971)
Distribution: Bolivia (Beni); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)
83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce limae (Sucre) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 17, 382 (1996)
species :
Borreria linearifolia
Hook.f.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 217 (1859)
Distribution: Galapagos
83 GAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria falcifolia Hook.f.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 219 (1859)
= Spermacoce falcifolia (Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
= Spermacoce linearifolia (Hook.f.) Fosberg; Phytologia 62: 182 (1987)
species :
Borreria litoralis
Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 20: 352 (1924)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)
81 HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce litoralis (Urb.) Alain; Phytologia 64: 348 (1988)
species :
Borreria loretiana
E.L.Cabral; Parodiana 4(1): 134 (1986)
Distribution: Argentina (Misioens)
85 ARG
Remarks: Borreria s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce loretiana (E.L.Cabral) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 17 (1996)
species :
Borreria macrocephala
Standl. & Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 228: 566 (1953)
Distribution: Colombia (Guainía); Venezuela (Amazonas)
82 CLM VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce macrocephala (Standl. & Steyerm.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 17 (1996)
species :
Borreria marticrovettiana
E.L.Cabral; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 5: 275 (1983)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); Paraguay (Caaguazu, Canindeyu, Concepcion, San Pedro); Argentina (Misiones)
84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce marticrovettiana (E.L.Cabral) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 17 (1996)
species :
Borreria matanzasia
Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 541 (1928)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce matanzasia (Urb.) Borhidi; Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 205 (1983)
species :
Borreria melochioides
Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 163 (1930)
Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca, Tolima)
82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce melochioides (Standl.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 17 (1996)
species :
Borreria minensis
E.L.Cabral, L.M.Miguel & E.B.Souza; Phytotaxa 201(2): 150 (2015)
Distribution: Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce minensis (E.L.Cabral, L.M.Miguel & E.B.Souza) comb.ined.
species :
Borreria multibracteata
E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo; Kew Bull. 59(2): 277 (2004)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais); S-Brazil (Paraná)
84 BRA
Remarks: Borreria s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce multibracteata (E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo) M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2025(1): 3 (2025)
species :
Borreria multiflora
(DC.) Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral; Opera Bot. Belg. 7 (2nd Intern. Rubiac. Conf.): 307 (1996)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Cesar); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Apure?, Delta Amacuro, Guarico, Monagas); Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz); NE-Brazil (Piauí, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná); Paraguay (Amambay, Canindeyu, San Pedro)
82 CLM VEN 83 BOL 84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Diodia appariciana Rizzini; Revista Brasil. Biol. 7: 277 (1947)
= Diodia multiflora DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 564 (1830)
= Diodia rogaguana Rusby; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 380 (1927)
= Spermacoce multiflora (DC.) Delprete; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2): 1026 (2007)
species :
Borreria myrtilloides
Borhidi & Salas-Mor.; Acta Bot. Hung. 55(3-4): 227 (2013)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)
79 MEX
species :
Borreria nana
Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 110 (1940)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (São Paulo)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce weygaertii Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 19 (1996), nom. nov.
species :
Borreria nelidae
Cabral; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 5: 143 (1981)
Distribution: Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce nelidae (E.L.Cabral) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 17 (1996)
species :
Borreria nesiotica
B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 409 (1910)
Distribution: Revillagigedos Isl. (Isla Socorro, Isla Clarion)
79 RGI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce nesiotica (B.L.Rob.) G.A.Levin; Mem. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 16 [Vasc. Fl. Isla Socorro]: 51 (1989)
species :
Borreria noronhensis
Sucre; Loefgrenia 38: 1 (1969)
Distribution: Fernando Noronha Isl.
84 FNI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce noronhensis (Sucre) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 18 (1996)
species :
Borreria ocymifolia
(Willd.) Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral; Opera Bot. Belg. 7 (2nd Intern. Rubiac. Conf.): 307 (1996)
Name: Slender buttonweed; Herbe a cornette, Herbe a macornet (Lesser Antilles)
Distribution: La Réunion [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Singapore [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Java [I]; Moluccas [I]; New Guinea [I]; Solomon Isl. [I]; Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Isla del Coco; Panama; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. John); St. Martin/St. Maarten; St. Barthélémy; St. Kitts; Antigua; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Caldas, Cauca, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Guainía, Huila, La Guajira, Meta, Nariño, Putumayo, Risaralda, Valle, Vaupés, Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Guarico, Merida, Monagas, Sucre, Tachira, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas); NE-Brazil (Ceara, Bahia); SE-Brazil (São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina)
29 reu 40 srl 42 jaw mly mol nwg sng sul 43 sol 79 MEX 80 BLZ COC COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA CAY CUB DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SBA STK STL STM STV TRT VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Remarks: Borreria s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria alternans Bello; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 283 (1881)
= Borreria asperula DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 543 (1830)
= Borreria virgata Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 324 (1828)
= Diodia ocymifolia (Willd.) Bremek.; Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 31: 305 (1934)
= Hemidiodia ocymifolia (Willd.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 30 (1888)
= Spermacoce alternans (Bello) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
= Spermacoce asperula (DC.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 14 (1996)
= Spermacoce coerulea Pohl ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 552 (1830)
= Spermacoce elliptica Thunb.; Pl. Bras. 3: 28 (1821)
= Spermacoce longiflora D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 475 (1839), nom. illeg.
= Spermacoce longifolia Aubl. ex Miq.; Linnaea 18: 299 (1844)
= Spermacoce longifolia f. glabrata Miq.; Linnaea 18: 300 (1845)
= Spermacoce neovirgata Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 18 (1996), nom. nov. superfl.
= Spermacoce nervata Mart. ex Colla; Herb. Pedem. 3: 145 (1835)
= Spermacoce ocymifolia Willd.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 530 (1819)
= Spermacoce portoricensis Balb. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 552 (1830)
= Spermacoce virgata (Cham. & Schltdl.) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 61 (1881), nom. superfl.
species :
Borreria orientalis
E.L.Cabral, R.M.Salas & L.M.Miguel; Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 47(3-4): 430 (2012)
Distribution: Paraguay; Argentina (Misiones, Paraná)
85 ARG PAR
Remarks: Borreria s. str.
species :
Borreria orinocensis
(Willd.) L.M.Miguel, Sobrado & E.L.Cabral; Darwiniana, n. s. 10(2): 407 (2022)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Pará, Tocantins, Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Piauí, Ceara, Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Canindeyu, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Misiones, Paraguari, San Pedro); Uruguay (Cerro Largo, Rivera, Treinta y Tres); Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones)
82 FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Remarks: Borreria s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria capitata var. tenella (Kunth) Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 823 (1972)
= Borreria linoides DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 548 (1830)
= Borreria suaveolens var. linoides (DC.) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 185 (1936)
= Borreria suaveolens var. platyphylla (K.Schum.) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 185 (1936)
= Borreria tenella Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 317 (1828), nom. superfl.
= Borreria tenella var. angustifolia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 547 (1830)
= Borreria tenella var. platyphylla K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 55 (1888)
= Spermacoce brasiliensis Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 402 (1824)
= Spermacoce linoides (DC.) M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2025(1): 3 (2025)
= Spermacoce orinocensis Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 531 (1818)
= Spermacoce suaveolens var. tenella (Kunth) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 124 (1898)
= Spermacoce tenella Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 345 (1819), nom. superfl.
= Tardavel tenella (Kuntze) Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 122 (1916), nom. superfl.
species :
Borreria ostenii
Standl.; Ostenia 119, pl. 1 (1933)
Distribution: Argentina; etc.
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria eryngioides var. ostenii (Standl.) E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo; Opera Bot. Belg. 7 (2nd Intern. Rubiac. Conf.): 317 (1996)
= Spermacoce ostenii (Standl.) E.L.Cabral & Florentín; Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 51(3): 561 (2016)
species :
Borreria ovalifolia
M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(1): 129 (1844)
Distribution: American Samoa [I] ; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I]); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Costa Rica; Panama; Antigua; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Grenada; Trinidad; Colombia (Nariño, Valle); Ecuador; Peru
60 asa 62 mic 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON PAN 81 ABA DOM GRE MAR STL STV TRT 82 CLM 83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce ernstii Fosberg & D.Powell; Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 45: 29 (1980)
= Spermacoce ovalifolia (M.Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 59 (1881)
= Spermacoce pringlei S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 152 (1890)
species :
Borreria paraensis
E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo; Darwiniana 37(3-4): 268 (1999)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará); NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce paraensis (E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo) Delprete; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2): 1027 (2007)
species :
Borreria paranaensis
E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo; Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 34(3-4): 149 (2000)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce paranaensis (E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo) Delprete; Fl. Ilustr. Catarin. Rubiaceas 2: 745 (2005)
species :
Borreria paulista
E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo; Acta Bot. Brasil. 11(1): 46 (1997)
Distribution: Brazil (São Paulo)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce paulista (E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo) M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2025(1): 3 (2025)
species :
Borreria pazensis
E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo; Brittonia 57(2): 129 (2005)
Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz)
83 BOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce pazensis (E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo) M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2025(1): 3 (2025)
species :
Borreria perangusta
S.Moore; J. Bot. 42: 100 (1904)
Distribution: Brazil
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce perangusta (S.Moore) Delprete; Revista Biol. Neotrop. 3(1): 72 (2007)
species :
Borreria perpusilla
Hook.f.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 218 (1847)
Distribution: Galapagos
83 GAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce perpusilla (Hook.f.) Fosberg; Phytologia 62: 182 (1987)
species :
Borreria petraea
Pires-O´Brien; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 108(1): 31 (1992)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce petraea (Pires-O´Brien) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 18 (1996)
species :
Borreria poaya
(A.St.-Hil.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 549 (1830)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Concepcion, Paraguari, San Pedro); Argentina (Misiones)
83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria asclepiadea Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 320 (1828)
= Borreria asclepiadea var. glaberrima DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 548 (1830)
= Borreria balansae Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 389 (1931)
= Borreria flavescens DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 548 (1830)
= Borreria nervosa DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 548 (1830)
= Borreria poaya var. grandiflora Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 4: 185 (1904)
= Borreria poaya var. nervosa (DC.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 59 (1888)
= Borreria poaya var. stenophylla K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 59 (1888)
= Borreria poaya var. suffruticosa K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 59 (1888)
= Borreria pratensis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 548 (1830)
= Spermacoce balansae (Standl.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 15 (1996)
= Spermacoce flavescens Pohl ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 548 (1830), pro syn.
= Spermacoce gentianoides A.St.-Hil.; Pl. Usuel. Bras., t. 12, p. 3 (1824)
= Spermacoce poaya A.St.-Hil.; Pl. Usuel. Bras. tab. 12 (1824)
= Spermacoce poaya var. pubescens A.St.-Hil.; Pl. Usuel. Bras., t. 12, p. 3 (1824)
species :
Borreria psyllocarpoides
E.L.Cabral & L.M.Miguel; Phytotaxa 201(2): 153 (2015)
Distribution: Brazil (Minas Gerais, Goiás)
84 BRA
species :
Borreria pulchristipula
(Bremek.) Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral; Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 34: 151 (2000)
Distribution: Surinam; Bolivia (Beni); N-Brazil (Pará); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); Paraguay (Amambay, Caaguazu, Central, Cordillera, Paraguari, San Pedro)
82 SUR 83 BOL 84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Diodia macrophylla var. angustifolia Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 4: 182 (1904)
= Diodia pulchristipula Bremek.; Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 33: 713 (1936)
= Spermacoce pulchristipula (Bremek.) Delprete; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2): 1027 (2007)
species :
Borreria pygmaea
Spruce ex K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 58 (1889)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar)
82 VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce spruceana Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898), nom. nov.
= Borreria pygmaea var. robusta Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 812 (1972)
species :
Borreria quadrifaria
E.L.Cabral; Parodiana 4(1): 138 (1986)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz); S-Brazil (Paraná); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Amambay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Paraguari); Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones)
83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce quadrifaria (E.L.Cabral) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 18 (1996)
species :
Borreria reflexa
J.H.Kirkbr.; Acta Amazonica 10: 112 (1980)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce reflexa (J.H.Kirkbr.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 18 (1996)
species :
Borreria remota
(Lam.) Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral; Darwiniana 37(3-4): 334 (1999)
Name: Woodland false buttonweed; Balie Jab, Buttonweed, Iron Grass, Man-to-Man root, Nigger-head, White Broom, Whitehead Broom (Trinidad & Tobago)
Distribution: Mauritania [I]; Tanzania [I]; China [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Taiwan [I]; India [I]; Maldives [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Andaman Isl. [I]; Nicobar Isl. [I]; Thailand [I]; Vietnam [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Singapore [I]; Sumatra [I]; Borneo [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I]; Moluccas [I]; Christmas Isl. [Austr.] [I]; New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (Northern Territory [I], Queensland [I]); New Caledonia [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; Tonga [I]; Fiji [I]; Wallis & Futuna [I]; [Western] Samoa [I] (´Upolu [I], Savai´i [I]); American Samoa [I] (Tutuila [I], Ta´u [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Mangaia [I], Aitutaki [I], Atiu [I], Mitiaro [I], Rakahanga [I], Penrhyn [I]); Northern Marianas [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I]); Hawaii [I]; USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia); Bermuda; Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Coahuila, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, Tortola); St. Kitts; Antigua; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Antioquia, Bolívar, Boyacá, Chocó, Meta, Nariño, Risaralda, Santander, Valle); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Galapagos [I]; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz); NE-Brazil; SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro)
22 mtn 25 tan 36 chi 38 nns tai 40 ind mdv srl 41 and ncb tha vie 42 bor jaw lsi mly mol nwg phi sng sul sum xms 50 aus 60 asa fij nwc rot sam ton wal 61 coo 62 mic mrn 63 haw 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA BBD BER CAY DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE STK STL STV TRT VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU gal PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Bigelovia vaginata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 405 (1824)
= Borreria assurgens (Ruiz & Pav.) Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 156 (1879)
= Borreria linifolia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 551 (1830)
= Borreria malacophylla Standl. & L.O.Williams; Ceiba 1: 165 (1950), nom. illeg.
= Borreria vaginata (Willd.) F.Dietr.; Neu. Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 2: 16 (1826)
= Borreria wydleriana DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 545 (1830)
= Spermacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 1: 60 (1798)
= Spermacoce chapmanii Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 2: 27 (1841)
= Spermacoce dichotoma Willd. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 618 (1841)
= Spermacoce echioides Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 344 (1820)
= Spermacoce hebecarpa DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 553 (1830)
= Spermacoce hondurensis Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 16 (1996), nom. nov. superfl.
= Spermacoce lanceolata Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 132 (1821)
= Spermacoce parviflora Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 60 (1796)
= Spermacoce remota Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 273 (1792)
= Spermacoce sexangularis Sieber ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 619 (1841), nom. inval.
= Spermacoce suffrutescens Jacq.; Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 40 (1798)
= Spermacoce suffruticosa Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 400 (1824), nom. illeg.
= Spermacoce tenuior var. commersonii Verdc.; Kew Bull. 37(4): 546 (1983)
= Spermacoce tetragona DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 553 (1830)
= Spermacoce vaginata Willd.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 531 (1818)
= Spermacoce wydleriana (DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
= Tessiera pubescens Miq.; Stirp. Surinam. Select. 178 (1851)
species :
Borreria rosea
Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 414 (1912)
Name: Juana la blanca cimarrona (Dominican Republic)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)
81 HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce rosea (Urb.) Alain; Phytologia 64: 348 (1988)
species :
Borreria rosmarinifolia
E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo; Acta Bot. Brasil. 11(1): 48 (1997)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce rosmarinifolia (E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo) M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2025(1): 3 (2025)
species :
Borreria rotundifolia
Andersson; Kongl. Svenska Freg. Eugenies Resa, Bot. 77 (1861)
Distribution: Galapagos
83 GAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce rotundifolia (Andersson) Fosberg; Phytologia 62: 183 (1987)
species :
Borreria rubricaulis
(Wright) Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 550 (1913)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce rubricaulis Wright ex Sauv.; Anales Real Acad. Ci. Méd. Fís. Nat. Habana Revista Ci. 6: 149 (1869)
species :
Borreria runkii
K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 42 (1889)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); Paraguay (Amambay, Caaguazu, Canindeyu)
84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce runkii (K.Schum.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
species :
Borreria santacruciana
Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral; Darwiniana 43(1-4): 70 (2005)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz)
83 BOL
Conservation Status: Known only from type
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce santacruciana (Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral) M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2025(1): 3 (2025)
species :
Borreria savannarum
Britton; Bahama Fl. [Britton & Millspaugh] 423 (1920)
Distribution: Bahamas (Great Inagua Isl., Samana Cay Isl.); Turks & Caicos Isl.
81 BAH TCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce savannarum (Britton) Howard; Phytologia 65: 287 (1988)
species :
Borreria savannicola
E.B.Souza, Nepom. & L.M.Miguel; Phytotaxa 576(3): 281 (2022)
Distribution: Brazil (Ceará)
84 BRA
species :
Borreria scabiosoides
Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 318 (1828)
Distribution: Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Venezuela (Guarico, Portuguesa, Apure, Cojedes, Guarico, Portuguesa); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz); NE-Brazil (Piauí, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Sergipe); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso); SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Canindeyu, Guaira, San Pedro); Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones)
80 COS NIC 82 VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria anderssonii Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 245 (1931)
= Borreria flexuosa E.L.Cabral; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 9(1-2): 36 (1996)
= Borreria humifusa Mart.; Flora 24 (2. Beibl.). 68 (1841)
= Borreria organensis Gardner; London J. Bot. 4: 111 (1845)
= Borreria scabiosoides var. anderssonii (Standl.) Steyerm.; Acta Bot. Venez. 6: 194 (1971)
= Borreria scabiosoides var. glabrescens Huber; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Sér. 2, 11 6: 211 (1914)
= Spermacoce casmae Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 15 (1996), nom. nov.
= Spermacoce martiana Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898), nom. illeg.
= Spermacoce scabiosoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
species :
Borreria scandens
(J.F.Gmel.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 546 (1830) (excl. syn., non Willd. 1797)
Distribution: Antigua; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Dominica
81 ABA DOM GDL MTS
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce berteroana R.A.Howard; Phytologia 65(4): 287 (1988), nom. nov.
= Spermacoce scandens J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis, 2: 235 (1791), nom. superfl.
species :
Borreria schumanniana
Taub. ex Ule; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 453 (1895)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce schumanniana (Taub. ex Ule) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 18 (1996)
species :
Borreria semiamplexicaulis
E.L.Cabral; Bonplandia (Corrientes) 9(1-2): 37 (1996)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce semiamplexicaulis (E.L.Cabral) Delprete; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2): 1028 (2007)
species :
Borreria siberiana
E.L.Cabral & R.M.Salas; Brittonia 63(2): 289 (2011)
Distribution: Bolivia (Cochabamba, Santa Cruz)
83 BOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce siberiana (E.L.Cabral & R.M.Salas) Govaerts; Skvortsovia 4(3): 96 (2018)
species :
Borreria simplicicaulis
K.Schum. ex Sucre; Rodriguésia 26(38): 253 (1971)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce simplicicaulis (K.Schum. ex Sucre) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 19 (1996)
species :
Borreria spinosa
(Jacq.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 542 (1830)
Distribution: Belize; Cuba
80 BLZ 81 CUB
Remarks: Borreria s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Machaonia calcicola Britton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43, 453 (1916)
= Machaonia galeottiana Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 204 (1879)
= Machaonia havanensis (Jacq. ex J.F.Gmel.) Alain; Phytologia 8: 370 (1962)
= Machaonia havanensis subsp. orientalis Borhidi & M.Fernández; Acta Bot. Hung. 30: 32 (1984 publ. 1985)
= Spermacoce havanensis Jacq. ex J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 234 (1791)
= Spermacoce spinosa Jacq.; Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 21 (1763)
= Spermacoce spinulosa Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 275 (1792), orth. var.
species :
Borreria squamosa
Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. [Grisebach] 142 (1866)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Diodia squamosa (Griseb.) Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 549 (1913)
= Spermacoce squamosa (Griseb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
species :
Borreria strumpfioides
Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. [Grisebach] 142 (1866)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce strumpfioides (Griseb.) C.Wright; Anales Real Acad. Ci. Méd. Fís. Nat. Habana Revista Ci. 6: 174 (1869)
species :
Borreria suaveolens
G.Mey.; Prim. Fl. Esseq. 81 (1818)
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Colombia (Antioquia, Cauca, Magdalena, Meta, Santander, Valle, Vichada); Guyana; Surinam; Ecuador; Peru; S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina)
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB 82 CLM GUY SUR 83 ECU PER 84 BRA
Remarks: Borreria s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Bigelovia suaveolens (G.Mey.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 404 (1824)
= Bigelovia tenuis Heynh.; Nomencl. Bot. Hort. 122 (1840)
= Borreria aspera M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(1): 130 (1844)
= Borreria capitata var. suaveolens (G.Mey.) Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 825 (1972)
= Borreria haenkeana DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 547 (1830)
= Borreria procera Schltdl.; Linnaea 9: 593 (1835)
= Borreria tenella var. suaveolens (G.Mey.) K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 56 (1888)
= Spermacoce aspera (M.Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 58 (1881), nom. superfl.
= Spermacoce capitata P.J.Bergius; Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 4: 146 (1770), nom. rej. prop.
= Spermacoce haenkeana (DC.) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 59 (1881)
= Spermacoce linoides Pohl ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 548 (1830), pro syn.
= Spermacoce mexicana Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 17 (1996), nom. nov. superfl.
= Spermacoce suaveolens (G.Mey.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 124 (1898)
= Spermacoce suaveolens f. glabra Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 124 (1898)
= Spermacoce suaveolens f. pubescens Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 124 (1898), nomen
= Spermacoce tenuifolia Sessé & Moc.; Pl. Nov. Hisp., ed. 1: 16 (1887)
= Spermacoce tenuis Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic. 25 (1893), orth. var.
species :
Borreria suberecta
Hook.f.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 217 (1859)
Distribution: Galapagos
83 GAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria galapageia B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 140 (1895)
= Borreria suberecta var. flaccida Hook.f.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 217 (1847)
= Spermacoce galapageia B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 141 (1895)
= Spermacoce suberecta (Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
species :
Borreria sulcata
(Bacigalupo) E.L.Cabral; Parodiana 4(1): 140 (1986)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Paraná); Argentina (Corrientes, Entre Rios)
84 BRA 85 ARG
Remarks: Borreria s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria verticillata var. sulcata Bacigalupo; Fl. Ilustr. Entre Ríos 6: 23 (1973 publ. 1974)
= Spermacoce sulcata (Bacigalupo) M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2025(1): 4 (2025)
species :
Borreria tenera
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 543 (1830)
Distribution: Panama; Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz); NE-Brazil; WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal)
80 PAN 83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Borreria pumila DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 543 (1830)
= Borreria pumilio Standl.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 342 (1940)
= Spermacoce neotenera Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 18 (1996), nom. nov.
= Spermacoce pohliana Govaerts; Skvortsovia 4(3): 83 (2018), nom. nov. for Borreria pumila DC.
= Spermacoce pumilio (Standl.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2: 18 (1996)
species :
Borreria terminalis
Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 387 (1924)
Name: Everglades Key false buttonweed
Distribution: USA (Florida Keys)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce terminalis (Small) Kartesz & Gandhi; Brittonia 44(3): 370 (1992)
= Spermacoce neoterminalis Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2: 18 (1996), nom. nov.
species :
Borreria thymifolia
Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 350 (1861)
Distribution: Bahamas (Great Inagua Isl.); Turks & Caicos Isl.
81 BAH TCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce thymifolia (Griseb.) Howard; Phytologia 65: 287 (1988)
species :
Borreria thymocephala
Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. [Grisebach] 142 (1866)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce thymocephala (Griseb.) Wright; Fl. Cub. [Sauvalle] 72 (1869)
species :
Borreria tocantinsiana
E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo; Kew Bull. 59(2): 284 (2004)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Tocantins)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce tocantinsiana (E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo) Delprete; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1(2): 1028 (2007)
species :
Borreria tonalensis
Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 191 (1915)
Distribution: ?Mexico; Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama
80 COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce tonalensis (Brandegee) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 19 (1996)
= Borreria vegeta Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 21 (1943)
= Spermacoce vegeta (Standl. & Steyerm.) C.D.Adams; Fieldiana, Bot., n. s. 33: 320 (1993)
species :
Borreria valens
Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 390 (1931)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais); S-Brazil (Paraná); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Guaira, Itapua, Paraguari); Argentina (Misiones)
84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce valens (Standl.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 19 (1996)
species :
Borreria velascoana
E.L.Cabral, R.M.Salas & J.D.Soto; Brittonia 64(4): 409 (2012)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz)
83 BOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce velascoana (E.L.Cabral, R.M.Salas & J.D.Soto) Govaerts; Skvortsovia 4(3): 96 (2018)
species :
Borreria verticillata
(L.) G.Mey.; Prim. Fl. Esseq. 83 (1818)
Name: Shrubby false buttonweed
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Santo Antao Isl. [I], Santa Luzia Isl. [I], Ilha de Sao Nicolau [I], Ilha da Boa Vista [I], Ilha de Sao Tiago [I], Fogo Isl. [I]); Mauritania [I]; Senegal [I]; Gambia [I]; Guinea-Bissau [I]; Guinea [I]; Sierra Leone [I]; Liberia [I]; Mali [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Ivory Coast [I]; Ghana [I]; Togo [I]; Benin [I]; Nigeria [I]; Cameroon [I]; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo] [I]; São Tomé [I]; Annobon Isl. [I]; Gabon [I]; Congo [Brazzaville] [I]; Congo [I]; Central African Republic [I]; D.R.Congo (Zaire [I]); Sudan [I]; Zanzibar [I]; Angola [I]; Ascension Isl. [I]; Comores [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Chagos Arch. [I] (Diego Garcia [I]); S-India [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Nicobar Isl. [I]; Thailand [I]; Borneo [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I]; New Guinea [I] (Mapia Atoll [I]); Australia [I] (Northern Territory [I], Queensland [I]); New Caledonia [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Tonga [I] (Late Isl. [I]); Tonga [I] (Tongatapu [I], ´Eua [I]); Niue [I]; Tokelau [I] (Nukunonu); Tokelau [I] (Swains Isl. [I]); Gilbert Isl. [I] (Butaritari [I], Tarawa [I]); N-Line Isl. [I] (Palmyra Atoll [I], Teraina [I], Tabueran [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Raiatea [I]); Austral Isl. [I] (Tubuai [I]); Palau [I] (Babeldaob [I], Koror [I], Malakal [I], Peleliu [I], Angaur [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Rota [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I], Yap [I], Ulithi [I], Woleai [I], Satawan [I]); Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Florida [I], Texas [I]); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Anegada, St. Croix, Virgin Gorda); Saba; Guadeloupe (incl. Les Saintes); Dominica; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Trinidad; San Andres y Providencia (San Andres, Providencia y Santa Catalina); Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Risaralda, Tolima, Valle, Vichada); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Roraima, Pará, Amazonas, Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Piauí, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Caazapa, Canindeyu, Cordillera); Uruguay (Artigas, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Paysandu, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones, Santa Fe)
21 cvi 22 ben bkn gam gha gnb gui ivo lbr mli mtn nga sen sie tog 23 ann bio caf cmn con gab sao 24 sud 25 tan 26 ang 28 asc 29 cgs com mau reu 40 ban ind srl 41 ncb tha 42 bor lsi nwg 50 aus 60 gil nue nwc tok ton van 61 aui lin sci 62 gum mic mrn plu 63 haw 77 usa 78 usa 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 BAH CUB DOM GDL HIS JAM PUE SAB STL STV TRT VEN VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Remarks: Borreria s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Bigelovia verticillata (L.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 404 (1824)
= Borreria globularioides Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 312 (1828)
= Borreria graminifolia M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(1): 129 (1844)
= Borreria kohautiana Cham. & Schltdl.; Linnaea 3: 311 (1828)
= Borreria laevigata M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(1): 130 (1844)
= Borreria minima DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 542 (1830)
= Borreria molleri Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 34 (1918)
= Borreria oaxacana M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(1): 130 (1844)
= Borreria oligodonta Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 826 (1972)
= Borreria podocephala DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 542 (1830)
= Borreria podocephala var. pumila Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S. 175 (1860)
= Borreria stricta (L.) G.Mey.; Prim. Fl. Esseq. 83 (1818)
= Borreria suaveolens f. rigidior Miq.; Linnaea 18: 298 (1845)
= Borreria verticillata var. brevifolia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 541 (1830)
= Borreria verticillata var. caesia Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier 7(App. 1): 85 (1899)
= Borreria verticillata var. thymiformis B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 410 (1910)
= Spermacoce fruticosa Pohl ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 541 (1830), pro syn.
= Spermacoce globosa Schumach. & Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 73 (1827)
= Spermacoce graminifolia (M.Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 58 (1881)
= Spermacoce hyssopifolia Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 123 (1805), pro syn.
= Spermacoce laeta Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 60 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Spermacoce laevigata (M.Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 59 (1881), nom. illeg.
= Spermacoce minima Pohl ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 560 (1830)
= Spermacoce molleri (Gand.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 17 (1996)
= Spermacoce mucronata Nees; Horae Phys. Berol. [Nees] 49 (1820)
= Spermacoce oaxacana (M.Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 59 (1881)
= Spermacoce oligodonta (Steyerm.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 18 (1996)
= Spermacoce podocephala (DC.) C.Wright; Anales Real Acad. Ci. Méd. Fís. Nat. Habana Revista Ci. 6: 174 (1869)
= Spermacoce polycephala Bartl. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 558 (1830)
= Spermacoce pygmaea C.Wright; Anales Real Acad. Ci. Méd. Fís. Nat. Habana Revista Ci. 6: 149 (1869)
= Spermacoce reclinata Nees; Horae Phys. Berol. [Nees] 50 (1820)
= Spermacoce stellata Willd.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 530 (1818)
= Spermacoce verticillata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 102 (1753)
= Tardavel podocephala (DC.) Conz.; Fl. Taxon. Mex. [Conzatti] 13: 84 (2012)
= Tardavel verticillata (L.) Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 508 (1898)
species :
Borreria viridiflora
Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 7: 363 (1907)
Distribution: Paraguay (Caaguazu, Concepcion, Paraguari)
85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce viridiflora (Hassl.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 19 (1996)
species :
Borreria vulpina
Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 389 (1931)
Distribution: NE-Brazil
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce vulpina (Standl.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 19 (1996)
species :
Borreria warmingii
K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 42 (1889)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais); S-Brazil (Paraná)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce warmingii (K.Schum.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
= Borreria warmingii var. minor K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 43 (1888)
species :
Borreria wunschmannii
K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 53 (1888)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Pará); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal)
83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce wunschmannii (K.Schum.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 123 (1898)
species :
Borreria wurdackii
Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 812 (1972)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)
82 VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce wurdackii (Steyerm.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 19 (1996)
species :
Borreria xanthophylla
Bremek.; Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 31: 306 (1934)
Distribution: Surinam
82 SUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Spermacoce xanthophylla (Bremek.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 2(1-2): 19 (1996)
