Name: Virginische Mondraute (Rautenfarn), Rattlesnake Fern
Distribution: Sweden; Finland; Germany (Bavaria); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; Slovenia; Romania; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; European Russia (N-European Russia, C-European Russia, W-European Russia); Ukraine; Moldova; Siberia (W-Siberia/Siberian Urals, SW-Siberia, Altay-Yenisei region, Tunguska-Lena region, Baikal region); Russian Far East (Russian Manchuria/Primorye, Sakhalin); Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; China (Anhui, Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan; Taiwan; Pakistan (Kagan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya); Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola (Dominican Republic); Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Norte de Santander, Santander); Venezuela (Venezuela Distrito Federal, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Tarija); Brazil (Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo); Uruguay (Rivera)
10 FIN SWE 11 AUT GER HUN POL SLO SWI 13 ROM SLV 14 BLR EST LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 33 AZE NCS 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB HIS JAM 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 URU
Remarks: American and Old World populations are genetically not separable and have to be combined
Synonyms: hidden
= Botrychium anthemoides C.Presl; Gefässbündel Farrnkräuter 15 (1847)
= Botrychium brachystachys Kunze; Linnaea 18: 305 (1844)
= Botrychium charcoviense Portenschl.; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 47 (1845)
= Botrychium cicutarium (Savigny) Sw.; Syn. Fil. (Kiliae) [O.Swartz] 171 (1806)
= Botrychium dichronum Underw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 45 (1903)
= Botrychium gracile Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 656 (1813)
= Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 111 (1801)
= Botrychium virginianum f. europaeum (Ångstr.) Clute; Our Ferns 64 (1901)
= Botrychium virginianum f. gracile (Pursh) Clute; Our Ferns 64 (1901)
= Botrychium virginianum f. intermedium (Butters) Clute; Our Ferns 64 (1901)
= Botrychium virginianum f. laurentianum (Butters) Clute; Our Ferns 64 (1901)
= Botrychium virginianum subsp. europaeum (Ångstr.) Jav.; Magyar Fl. 18 (1924)
= Botrychium virginianum subsp. europaeum (Ångstr.) R.T.Clausen; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19(2): 101 (1938), isonym
= Botrychium virginianum subsp. meridionale (Butters) R.T.Clausen; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19(2): 103 (1938)
= Botrychium virginianum var. americanum Hook.; Gard. Ferns, t. 29 (1861)
= Botrychium virginianum var. cicutarium (Savigny) Clute; Amer. Bot. (Binghamton) 20: 28 (1914)
= Botrychium virginianum var. dichronum Clute; Amer. Bot. (Binghamton) 20: 28 (1914)
= Botrychium virginianum var. europaeum Ångstr.; Bot. Not. 5-6: 68 (1854)
= Botrychium virginianum var. intermedium Butters; Rhodora 19: 210 (1917)
= Botrychium virginianum var. laurentianum Butters; Rhodora 19: 208 (1917)
= Botrychium virginianum var. meridionale Butters; Rhodora 19: 213 (1917)
= Botrychium virginianum var. mexicanum Grev. & Hook.; Bot. Misc. 3: 223 (1833)
= Botrychium virginianum var. occidentale Butters; Rhodora 19: 213 (1917)
= Botrychium virginicum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 5(1): 64 (1810), sphalm.
= Botrypus anthemoides (C.Presl) Val.N.Tikhom.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 49: 149 (2018)
= Botrypus cicutaria (Savigny) Holub; Preslia 45: 277 (1973) (fide Proctor 1985)
= Botrypus virginianus (L.) Holub; Preslia 45(3): 277 (1973), isonym
= Botrypus virginianus subsp. europaeus (Ångstr.) Holub; Preslia 45(3): 277 (1973)
= Japanobotrychium cicutarium (Savigny) M.Nishida ex Tagawa; J. Jap. Bot. 33: 201 (1958)
= Japanobotrychium virginianum (L.) M.Nishida; J. Jap. Bot. 33: 202 (1958)
= Osmunda cicutaria Savigny; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 4: 650 (1797) (fide Proctor 1985)
= Osmunda virginiana L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1064 (1753)
= Osmunda virginica Houtt.; Handl. Pl.-Kruidk. 13: 57 (1786), sphalm.
= Osmunda virginica L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 685 (1767), sphalm.
= Osmundopteris cicutaria (Savigny) M.Nishida; J. Jap. Bot. 27: 276 (1952) (fide Proctor 1985)
= Osmundopteris virginiana (L.) Small; Ferns S.E. States [Small] 377 cum tab. 482 (1938)
