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271.0000 Family Meliaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 263 (1789), nom. cons.
50 genera, ca. 750 spp. Phylogeny following Cole (2020)
Species listed in database: 775; hybrids: 2
= Cedrelaceae R.Br.; Voy. Terra Austral. 2: 595, 596 (1814)
271.1014 Genus Carapa Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: Suppl. 32(1): 387 (1775)
Distribution: Tropical America (6-8), Africa (6-9)
Species listed in database: 21
= Amapa Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 35 (1821)
= Monosoma Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 502 (1854)
= Persoonia Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 331 (1799)
= Racapa M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 123 (1846)
= Touloucouna M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 123 (1846)
= Xylocarpus J.Koenig; Naturforscher (Halle) 20: (1784) 2, et ex A. Juss. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 19: 243 (1830)
= Zelea Ten.; Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 3: 504 (1841)
= Zurloa Ten.; Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 3: 503 (1841)
species :
Carapa akuri Poncy, Forget & Kenfack; Brittonia 61(4): 367 (2009)
Distribution: Guyana
82 GUY
species :
Carapa alticola Kenfack & Á.J.Pérez; Syst. Bot. 36(1): 125 (fig. 2, map) (2011)
Distribution: Colombia (Nariño); Ecuador
82 CLM 83 ECU
species :
Carapa amorphocarpa W.Palacios; Caldasia 34(1): 76, figs. 1-3 (2012)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
species :
Carapa angustifolia Harms; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 226 (1917)
Distribution: Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon
23 CMN EQG GAB
species :
Carapa batesii C.DC.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 10: 167 (1907)
Distribution: Cameroon; Gabon
23 CMN GAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Carapa zemagoana Kenfack; Harvard Pap. Bot. 16(2): 206, figs. 25-26 (2011)
species :
Carapa cedrotagua Londoño-Ech., A.M.Trujillo & Jiménez-Mont.; Phytotaxa 636(2): 176 (2024)
Distribution: Colombia
82 CLM
species :
Carapa dinklagei Harms; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 226 (1917)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon
22 NGA 23 CMN EQG GAB
species :
Carapa gogo A.Chev. ex Kenfack; Harvard Pap. Bot. 16(2): 192, fig. 14 (2011)
Distribution: São Tomé
23 SAO
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Carapa guianensis Aubl.; Pl. Guian. Suppl. 32, t. 387 (1940)
Name: Janasi, Nejesi (Cuba), Cabirma de guinea, Cabirma santa (Dominican Republic), Acajou, Bois rouge, Carapate, Crab wood, Crappo, Wild cashew (Lesser Antilles)
Distribution: Sri Lanka [I]; Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Hispaniola; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Grenada; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Cauca, Chocó, Nariño, Santander, Valle); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Bolívar, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Monagas, Sucre, Yaracuy); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; N-Brazil (Amapa, Pará, Amazonas, Acre); NE-Brazil (Maranhao)
40 srl 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB DOM GDL GRE HIS MAR STL STV TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Amapa guianensis (Aubl.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 35 (1821)
= Carapa latifolia Willd. ex C.DC.; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 1: 718 (1878)
= Carapa llanocarti Kenfack; Harvard Pap. Bot. 16(2): 190, figs. 12-13 (2011)
= Carapa nicaraguensis C.DC.; Monogr. Phan. [A.DC. & C.DC.] 1: 717 (1878)
= Carapa slateri Standl.; Trop. Woods, No. 10: 48 (1927)
= Granatum guianense (Aubl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 110 (1891)
= Granatum nicaraguense (C.DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 110 (1891)
= Guarea mucronulata C.DC.; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 499 (1917)
= Persoonia guareoides Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 331 (1799)
= Xylocarpus carapa Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 213 (1825)
species :
Carapa hygrophila Harms; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 227 (1917)
Distribution: Cameroon; Gabon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 CMN GAB ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carapa palustris (G.C.C.Gilbert) Kenfack; Harvard Pap. Bot. 16(2): 229 (2011)
= Carapa procera var. palustris G.C.C.Gilbert; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 383 (1958)
species :
Carapa littoralis Kenfack; Harvard Pap. Bot. 16(2): 224 (2011)
Distribution: Cameroon
23 CMN
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Carapa longipetala Kenfack; Syst. Bot. 36(1): 125 (127-128; fig. 3, map) (2011)
Distribution: Colombia (Nariño); Ecuador
82 CLM 83 ECU
species :
Carapa macrantha Harms; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 228 (1917)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; ?Gabon
22 NGA 23 CMN
Synonyms: hidden
= Carapa oreophila Kenfack; Harvard Pap. Bot. 16(2): 214, figs. 32-33 (2011)
species :
Carapa macrocarpa Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3: 191 (1922)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Amapa, Pará, Amazonas); NE-Brazil (Maranhao)
84 BRA
species :
Carapa megistocarpa A.H.Gentry & Dodson; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(4): 1434 (1988 publ. 1989)
Distribution: Colombia (Nariño); Ecuador
82 CLM 83 ECU
species :
Carapa pariensis Kenfack; Harvard Pap. Bot. 16(2): 194, figs. 15-16 (2011)
Distribution: Venezuela
82 VEN
species :
Carapa parviflora Harms; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 228 (1917)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]
22 NGA 23 CAF CMN CON EQG GAB ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carapa mangarevensis Kenfack & Issembé; Harvard Pap. Bot. 16(2): 227, figs. 42-43 (2011)
species :
Carapa planadensis Kenfack; Harvard Pap. Bot. 16(2): 180, figs. 5-6 (2011)
Distribution: Colombia
82 CLM
species :
Carapa procera DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 626 (1824)
Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; SW-Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; ?Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; São Tomé; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Uganda; NW-Angola; Java [I]; Honduras [I]; ?Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; N-Brazil (Amazonas)
22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR MLI NGA SEN SIE 23 BIO BUR CAF CMN CON RWA SAO ZAI 25 UGA 26 ANG 42 jaw 80 hon 82 FRG SUR 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carapa grandiflora Sprague; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 507 (1906)
= Carapa guineensis Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 72 (1826), Juss. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 19: 242 (1830)
= Carapa gummiflua C.DC.; Mém. Soc. Bot. France 8: 11 (1907)
= Carapa guyanensis Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 1: 336 (1868)
= Carapa microcarpa A.Chev.; Vég. Utiles Afrique Trop. Franç. 5: 191 (1909)
= Carapa procera var. gentilii De Wild.; Bull. Soc. Étude Colon. Bruxelles 10: 198 (1903)
= Carapa surinamensis Miq.; Stirp. Surinam. Select. 75, t. 19 (1851)
= Carapa touloucouna Guill. & Perr.; Fl. Seneg. Tent. 1: 128 (1832)
= Carapa velutina C.DC.; Mém. Soc. Bot. France 8: 11 (1907)
= Deinbollia albidokermesina Gilg ex Engl.; Veg. Erde [Engler & Drude] 9 (Pflanzenw. Afr.) 3(2): 272 (1921)
= Granatum procerum (C.DC.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 110 (1891)
= Granatum surinamensis (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 110 (1891)
= Racapa procera M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 123 (1846)
= Touloucouna gigantea M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 123 (1846)
= Trichilia procera Forsyth ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 626 (1824)
= Xylocarpus guineensis (Sw.) M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 124 (1846)
= Xylocarpus procerus (DC.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 793 (1841)
= Xylocarpus touloucouna (Guill. & Perr.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 793 (1841)
= Zelea splendens Ten.; Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 3: 504 (1841)
= Zurloa insignis Ten.; Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 3: 503 (1841)
= Zurloa splendens (Ten.) Ten.; Cat. Ort. Bot. Napoli 99 (1845)
species :
Carapa vasquezii Kenfack; Brittonia 63(1): 7 (2011)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas); Peru; Brazil (Amazonas)
82 CLM 83 PER 84 BRA
species :
Carapa wohllebenii Eb.Fisch., Killmann, Leh & S.B.Janssens; Phytotaxa 511(1): 23 (2021)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi
23 BUR RWA ZAI
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life