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495.0000 Family Apocynaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 143 (1789), nom. cons.
372 genera, ca. 6500 spp. According to modern authors and PCR Asclepiadaceae is only a subfamily of Apocynaceae.
Species listed in database: 6680; hybrids: 9
= Asclepiadaceae Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 31 (1797), nom. cons.
= Carissaceae Bertol; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 212 (1891)
= Cerberaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 119 (1820)
= Cynanchaceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 245, 251 (1836)
= Ophioxylaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 24 (1835)
= Pacouriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Periplocaceae Schltr.; Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 351 (1905), nom. cons.
= Plumeriaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Stapeliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Vincaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 299 (1818)
= Willughbeaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 256 (1858)
495.2035 Genus Cascabela Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 162 (1838)
Distribution: Tropical America from Mexico to Paraguay, Caribbean
Species listed in database: 6
species :
Cascabela balsaensis L.O.Alvarado & J.C.Soto; Phytotaxa 177(3) (2014)
Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Michoacán)
79 MEX
species :
Cascabela gaumeri (Hemsl.) Lippold; Feddes Repert. 91(1-2): 53 (1980)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Guerrero, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Thevetia gaumeri Hemsl.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 16: t. 1517 (1886), et Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 4: 104 (1886)
= Thevetia spathulata Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 1: 383 (1898)
= Thevetia steerei Woodson; Amer. J. Bot. 22: 685 (1935)
species :
Cascabela ovata (Cav.) Lippold; Feddes Repert. 91(1-2): 53 (1980)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, México State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica
79 MEX 80 COS ELS GUA HON NIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Cascabela alliodora (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Lippold; Feddes Repert. 91: 53 (1980)
= Cascabela plumerifolia (Benth.) Lippold; Feddes Repert. 91(1-2): 53 (1980)
= Cerbera alliodora Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 4: 798 (1819)
= Cerbera cuneifolia Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 224 (1819)
= Cerbera ovata Cav.; Icon. [Cavanilles] 3: 35 (1796)
= Thevetia alliodora (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) L.Allorge; Succulentes 21(1): 27 (1998)
= Thevetia cuneifolia (Kunth) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 344 (1844)
= Thevetia cuneifolia var. andrieuxii A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 344 (1844)
= Thevetia ovata (Cav.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 344 (1844)
= Thevetia plumeriifolia Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 124 (1845)
species :
Cascabela pinifolia (Standl. & Steyerm. ex Leavenw.) L.O.Alvarado & Ochot.-Booth; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 94(2): 320 (2007)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, Campeche, Guerrero, Mexico State, Michoacán, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Yucatan)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Thevetia peruviana var. pinifolia Standl. & Steyerm.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 36: 185 (1946)
= Thevetia pinifolia (Standl. & Steyerm.) J.K.Williams; Sida 17(1): 187 (1996)
species :
Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold; Feddes Repert. 91(1-2): 52 (1980)
Name: Cabalonga, Caballón, Adelfa amarilla (ES); Lucky-nut, Milk tree (EN); Gelber Oleander (DE)
Distribution: Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I]); Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Fogo Isl. [I]); Gambia [I]; Guinea [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Benin [I]; Cameroon [I]; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo] [I]; São Tomé [I]; Chad [I]; Mozambique [I]; Mozambique Channel Isl. [Îles Éparses] [c] (Juan de Nova Isl. [c]); China [I] (Fujian [I], Guangdong [I], Guangxi [I], Hainan [I], Yunnan [I]); Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Bhutan [I]; India [I] (throughout); Maldives [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Andaman Isl. [I]; Nicobar Isl. [I]; Myanmar [I]; Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I] (Bali [I]); New Guinea [c]; Australia [I] (Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); New Caledonia [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Tonga [I]; Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; American Samoa [I] (Tutuila [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Mangaia [I], Mitiaro [I]); Marquesas Isl. [I] (Nuku Hiva [I], Ua Huka [I], Ua Pou [I], Hiva Oa [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Raiatea [I]); Palau [I] (Koror [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Agrihan [I], Pagan [I], Saipan [I], Tinian [I], Rota [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Ulithi [I], Truk [I], Moen [I], Pohnpei [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Kwajalein [I]); Hawaii [I] (Midway Isl. [I], Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Maui [I]); USA [I] (Florida [I]); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas [I]; Cuba [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Croix [I], St. John [I], St. Thomas [I], Tortola [I], Virgin Gorda [I]); St. Barthélémy [I]; Saba [I]; St. Kitts [I]; Antigua [I]; Montserrat [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Lucia [I]; St. Vincent [I]; Grenada [I]; Barbados [I]; Tobago [I]; Trinidad [I]; Colombia (Antioquia, Bolívar, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Nariño, Putumayo, San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Santander, Valle); Isla Margarita [I]; Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Bolívar, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Lara, Merida, Monagas, Nueva Esparta); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Roraima, Pará, Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Sergipe); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); Paraguay (Amambay, Central, Cordillera)
21 cny cvi 22 ben bkn gam gui 23 bio cmn sao 24 cha 26 moz 36 chi 38 tai 40 ban bhu ind mdv pak 41 and cbd lao mya ncb tha vie 42 jaw lsi nwg 50 aus 60 asa fij nue nwc ton van 61 coo mrq sci 62 gum mic mrn mrs plu 63 haw 78 usa 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 aba bah bbd cay cub gdl gre his jam mar mts pue sab sba stk stl stv trt ven vir 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR SWC VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cascabela peruviana (Pers.) Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 162 (1838)
= Cerbera linearifolia Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 490 (1812)
= Cerbera peruviana Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 267 (1805)
= Cerbera thevetia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 209 (1753)
= Thevetia linearis A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 354 (1838)
= Thevetia neriifolia Juss. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 343 (1844)
= Thevetia neriifolia Juss. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 680 (1821)
= Thevetia neriifolia var. hirsuta Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 28 (1860)
= Thevetia neriifolia var. leucantha Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 27 (1860)
= Thevetia neriifolia var. pubescens Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 27 (1860)
= Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 159 (1895)
= Thevetia peruviana f. aurantiaca H.St.John; Phytologia 34(2): 148 (1976)
= Thevetia thevetia (L.) H.Karst.; Deut. Fl. [Karsten] 1035 (1883)
species :
Cascabela thevetioides (Kunth) Lippold; Feddes Repert. 91(1-2): 53 (1980)
Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de México, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Sinaloa)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Cerbera thevetioides Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 223 (1819)
= Thevetia humboldtii Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 533 (1845)
= Thevetia thevetioides (Kunth) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 159 (1895)
= Thevetia yccotli A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 343 (1844)
= Thevetia yccotli var. glabra A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 343 (1844)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 25.05 (May 23rd, 2025)

Covering 356,547 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,107 synonyms,
in total 1,416,616* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life