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452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35251; hybrids: 678
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.3238 Genus Centaurea L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 909 (1753)
Distribution: mostly Europe, Mediterranean and W-Asia, few E-Asia, trop. Africa. Delimitation and status of species (or subspecies) is fairly controversial. Recently, more former subspecies are (again) recognized as species. Retention of Cyanus and Lopholoma as subgenera fide Hilbert et al. (2014)
Species listed in database: 778; hybrids: 73
= Acosta DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 90 (1836), nom. illeg.
= Acrocentron Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 37 (1826)
= Acrolophus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 50: 253 (1827)
= Alophium Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 54: 493 (1828)
= Ammocyanus (Boiss.) Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19(1 -4): 78 (1973)
= Antaurea Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 70 (1790), nom. inval.
= Behen Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 41 (1762)
= Benedicta Bernh.; Syst. Verz. Pfl. Erfurt [Bernhardi] 108 (1800)
= Calcitrapa Heist. ex Fabr.; Enum. [Fabricius] Meth. Pl. 94 (1759)
= Calcitrapoides Fabr.; Enum. [Fabricius] Meth. Pl. 94 (1759)
= Carbeni Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 116, 532 (1763), nom. superfl.
= Cardosanctus Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 2: 152 (1899), nom. superfl.
= Centaurium Haller; Hist. Stirp. Helv. 1: 69 (1768), nom. illeg.
= Cestrinus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 8: 24 (1817)
= Chartolepis Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 36 (1826)
= Cheirolepis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 106 (1849)
= Chrysopappus Takht.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 7: 275 (1938)
= Cistrum Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 36 (1762)
= Cnicus Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 385, t. 162 (1791)
= Cnicus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 826 (1753), nom. cons.
= Colymbada Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 31 (1762)
= Crepula Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 9 (1762)
= Cyanus Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4: s. p. (1754)
= Cynaroides (Boiss. ex Walp.) Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19(1-4): 77 (1973)
= Eremopappus Takht.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 2: No. 1, 25 (1945), reimpr.
= Erinacella (Rech.f.) Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19: 77 (1973)
= Eriopha Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 47 (1762)
= Grossheimia Sosn. & Takht.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 3: No. 1, 22 (1945)
= Heraclea Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 37 (1762)
= Hierapicra Siegesb. ex Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 346 (1891)
= Hippophaestum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 443 (1821)
= Hookia Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 70 (1790), nom. inval.
= Hyalea (DC.) Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 3: 19, t. 214-217, 292 (1847)
= Hymenocentron Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 37 (1826)
= Jacea Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4: s. p. (1754)
= Lepteranthus Neck. ex Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 96 (1869)
= Leucacantha Nieuwl. & Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 5: 71 (1917)
= Leucantha Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 443 (1821)
= Lopholoma Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 37 (1826)
= Melanoloma Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 29: 472 (1823)
= Menomphalus Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 32 (1874)
= Mesocentron Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 38 (1826), nom. superfl.
= Microlophus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 37 (1826)
= Paraphysis (DC.) Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19: 76 (1973)
= Pectinastrum Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 38 (1826)
= Petrodavisia Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 10(2): 193 (1975)
= Phaeopappus (DC.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 122 (1846)
= Phalolepis Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 50: 248 (1827)
= Philostizus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 39: 498 (1826)
= Phrygia (Pers.) Bosc; Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. [Déterville], éd. 2: 26: 17 (1818)
= Piptoceras Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 50: 469 (1827)
= Platylophus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 36 (1826), nom. rej.
= Plumosipappus Czerep.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 457 (1960)
= Podia Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 72 (1790), nom. inval.
= Polyacantha Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 443 (1821)
= Psora Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 30 (1762)
= Pterolophus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 34 (1826)
= Pycnocomus Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 38 (1762), nom. superfl.
= Rhacoma Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 117 (1763), nom. illeg.
= Rhaponticum Ludwig; Inst. Regn. Veg., ed. 2: 123 (1757), nom. superfl.
= Sagmen Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 35 (1762)
= Seridia Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 173 (1789)
= Setachna Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 518 (1867)
= Solstitiaria Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 21 (1762)
= Sphaerocephala Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 48 (1762)
= Spilacron Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 50: 238 (1827)
= Staebe Hill; Veg. Syst. 3: 145 (1761) 4: 33 (1762)
= Stenolophus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 35 (1826), nom. superfl.
= Stephanochilus Coss. & Durieu ex Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 477 (1873)
= Tetramorphaea DC.; Arch. Bot. (Paris) 2: 331 (1833)
= Tomanthea DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 564 (1836)
= Triplocentron Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 38 (1826)
= Veltis Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 116 (1763) 2: 116 (1763)
= Verutina Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 38 (1826), et 58: 8 (1829)
= Wagenitzia Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19(1-4): 76 (1973)
= xAcostitrapa Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 83: 655 (1973)
= xColycea Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 21 (1982)
= xColymbacosta Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 83: 656 (1973)
= xJaceacosta Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 83: 655 (1973)
= xJaceitrapa Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 83: 656 (1973)

Search for: Centaurea

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.07 (July 5th, 2025)

Covering 356,783 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,637 synonyms,
in total 1,417,272* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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