452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)

1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.

Species listed in database: 35331; hybrids: 682

= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)

= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.

= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)

= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)

= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)

= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)

= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)

= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)

= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)

= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)

= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)

= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)

= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.

= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)

= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.

= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)

= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)

= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)

= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 253 (1820)

= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)

= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)

= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)

= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)

= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)

= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)

= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)

= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)

= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)

= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)

= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)

= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)

= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)

= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)

= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)

= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)

= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)

= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)

= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)

= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)

= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)

= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)

= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)

= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)

452.3238 Genus Centaurea L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 909 (1753)

Distribution: mostly Europe, Mediterranean and W-Asia, few E-Asia, trop. Africa. Delimitation and status of species (or subspecies) is fairly controversial. Recently, more former subspecies are (again) recognized as species. Retention of Cyanus and Lopholoma as subgenera fide Hilbert et al. (2014)

Species listed in database: 778; hybrids: 73

= Acosta DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 90 (1836), nom. illeg.

= Acrocentron Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 37 (1826)

= Acrolophus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 50: 253 (1827)

= Alophium Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 54: 493 (1828)

= Ammocyanus (Boiss.) Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19(1 -4): 78 (1973)

= Antaurea Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 70 (1790), nom. inval.

= Behen Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 41 (1762)

= Benedicta Bernh.; Syst. Verz. Pfl. Erfurt [Bernhardi] 108 (1800)

= Calcitrapa Heist. ex Fabr.; Enum. [Fabricius] Meth. Pl. 94 (1759)

= Calcitrapoides Fabr.; Enum. [Fabricius] Meth. Pl. 94 (1759)

= Carbeni Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 116, 532 (1763), nom. superfl.

= Cardosanctus Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 2: 152 (1899), nom. superfl.

= Centaurium Haller; Hist. Stirp. Helv. 1: 69 (1768), nom. illeg.

= Cestrinus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 8: 24 (1817)

= Chartolepis Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 36 (1826)

= Cheirolepis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 106 (1849)

= Chrysopappus Takht.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 7: 275 (1938)

= Cistrum Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 36 (1762)

= Cnicus Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 385, t. 162 (1791)

= Cnicus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 826 (1753), nom. cons.

= Colymbada Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 31 (1762)

= Crepula Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 9 (1762)

= Cyanus Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4: s. p. (1754)

= Cynaroides (Boiss. ex Walp.) Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19(1-4): 77 (1973)

= Eremopappus Takht.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 2: No. 1, 25 (1945), reimpr.

= Erinacella (Rech.f.) Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19: 77 (1973)

= Eriopha Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 47 (1762)

= Grossheimia Sosn. & Takht.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 3: No. 1, 22 (1945)

= Heraclea Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 37 (1762)

= Hierapicra Siegesb. ex Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 346 (1891)

= Hippophaestum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 443 (1821)

= Hookia Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 70 (1790), nom. inval.

= Hyalea (DC.) Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 3: 19, t. 214-217, 292 (1847)

= Hymenocentron Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 37 (1826)

= Jacea Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4: s. p. (1754)

= Lepteranthus Neck. ex Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 96 (1869)

= Leucacantha Nieuwl. & Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 5: 71 (1917)

= Leucantha Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 443 (1821)

= Lopholoma Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 37 (1826)

= Melanoloma Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 29: 472 (1823)

= Menomphalus Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 32 (1874)

= Mesocentron Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 38 (1826), nom. superfl.

= Microlophus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 37 (1826)

= Paraphysis (DC.) Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19: 76 (1973)

= Pectinastrum Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 38 (1826)

= Petrodavisia Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 10(2): 193 (1975)

= Phaeopappus (DC.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 122 (1846)

= Phalolepis Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 50: 248 (1827)

= Philostizus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 39: 498 (1826)

= Phrygia (Pers.) Bosc; Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. [Déterville], éd. 2: 26: 17 (1818)

= Piptoceras Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 50: 469 (1827)

= Platylophus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 36 (1826), nom. rej.

= Plumosipappus Czerep.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 457 (1960)

= Podia Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 72 (1790), nom. inval.

= Polyacantha Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 443 (1821)

= Psora Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 30 (1762)

= Pterolophus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 34 (1826)

= Pycnocomus Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 38 (1762), nom. superfl.

= Rhacoma Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 117 (1763), nom. illeg.

= Rhaponticum Ludwig; Inst. Regn. Veg., ed. 2: 123 (1757), nom. superfl.

= Sagmen Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 35 (1762)

= Seridia Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 173 (1789)

= Setachna Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 518 (1867)

= Solstitiaria Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 21 (1762)

= Sphaerocephala Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 48 (1762)

= Spilacron Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 50: 238 (1827)

= Staebe Hill; Veg. Syst. 3: 145 (1761) 4: 33 (1762)

= Stenolophus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 35 (1826), nom. superfl.

= Stephanochilus Coss. & Durieu ex Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 477 (1873)

= Tetramorphaea DC.; Arch. Bot. (Paris) 2: 331 (1833)

= Tomanthea DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 564 (1836)

= Triplocentron Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 38 (1826)

= Veltis Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 116 (1763) 2: 116 (1763)

= Verutina Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 38 (1826), et 58: 8 (1829)

= Wagenitzia Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19(1-4): 76 (1973)

= xAcostitrapa Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 83: 655 (1973)

= xColycea Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 21 (1982)

= xColymbacosta Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 83: 656 (1973)

= xJaceacosta Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 83: 655 (1973)

= xJaceitrapa Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 83: 656 (1973)

species :

Centaurea acarnanica (Matthäs) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

Distribution: Greece

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea subciliaris subsp. acarnanica Matthäs; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 95(4): 430 (1976)

species :

Centaurea acaulis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 914 (1753)

Distribution: France [I]; Isole Pelagie [I] (Lampedusa [I]); Algeria; Tunisia

12 fra 13 pel 20 ALG TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Aetheopappus balansae (Boiss. & Reut.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 604 (1875)

= Amblyopogon balansae (Boiss. & Reut.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 604 (1875)

= Centaurea acaulis subsp. balansae (Boiss. & Reut.) Maire

= Centaurea balansae Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 82 (1856)

= Centaurea chamaerhaponticum Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 526 (1878)

= Centaurea chouletteana Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 31 (1874)

= Centaurea nidulans Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 280 (1874)

= Centaurea pharaonis Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 281 (1874)

= Cestrinus carthamoides Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 8: 24 (1817)

= Colymbada acaulis (L.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

= Colymbada balansae (Boiss. & Reut.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

= Cynara humilis Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 173 (1789) non L. 1753

= Menomphalus acaulis (L.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 33 (1874)

= Menomphalus choulettiana (Pomel) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 33 (1874)

= Serratula acaulis (L.) DC.; Diss. Comp. 2: 31 (1810)

species :

Centaurea achaia Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(3): 79 (1856)

subspecies :

subsp. achaia

Distribution: Greece (C-Greece, Attiki, Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Carduiformes

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea achaia var. intermedia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 80 (1856)

= Centaurea achaia var. submutica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 79 (1856)

= Centaurea eryngioides Sm.; Fl. Graec. [Sibthorp] t. 913 (1840)

= Centaurea sibthorpii Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 635 (1898)

= Colymbada achaia (Boiss. & Heldr.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

= Colymbada sibthorpii (Halácsy) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 316 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. corinthiaca (Boiss. & Heldr.) Phitos & T.Georgiadis; Bot. Chron. (Patras) 1(2): 102 (1981)

Distribution: Greece (Achaia)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea corinthiaca Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 113 (1859)

species :

Centaurea achilleifolia Homrani-Bakali & Susanna; Phytotaxa 542(1): 84 (2022)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Centaurea achtarovii Urum.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 19: 37 (1920)

Distribution: SW-Bulgaria (Pirin Planina)

13 BUL

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea montana subsp. achtarovii (Urum.) Hayek

= Centaurea triumfettii subsp. achtarovii (Urum.) Kožuharov & N.Andreev; Opred. Vissh. Rast. Bulg. 785 (1992)

= Cyanus achtarovii (Urum.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

species :

Centaurea acicularis Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 2: 203 (1813), et Fl. Graec. t. 911 (1840)

Name: Nadel-Flockenblume (DE); Needle Star-thistle (EN)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Ikaria, Dodecanese, Samos, Kos, Symi, Chalki, Rhodos); Turkey (W-Anatolia)

34 EAI TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea acicularis var. urvillei Boiss.

= Centaurea chrysoleuca Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 678 (1875)

= Centaurea exscapa d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 373 (1822)

= Colymbada acicularis (Sm.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 143 (1973)

= Colymbada exscapa (d´Urv.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

species :

Centaurea acmophylla Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 68 (1856)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan)

33 ARM AZE

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea schelkovnikovii Sosn.; Trudy Azerbajdzansk. Otd. Zakavkazsk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 1: 47 (1933)

= Centaurea zangesura Grossh.; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, n. s. 2: 89 (1926) ex Sosn.

= Cyanus acmophyllus (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 131 (1972)

species :

Centaurea adami Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2310 (1803)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; Slovakia; Italy; Sicily; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; N-Greece (mountains); E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Georgia [Caucasus]

11 ger SLO SWI 13 BUL GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA SIC SRB 14 KRY MLD RUS UKR 33 GEO

Remarks: Subgen. Solstitiaria. Often included in C. solstitialis as subspecies

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa adami (Willd.) Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 409 (1866)

= Calcitrapa solstitialis subsp. adami (Willd.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 133 (1972)

= Centaurea solstitialis subsp. adami (Willd.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 430 (1879)

= Seridia adami (Willd.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

species :

Centaurea adamovicii Velen.; Fl. Bulg. [Velenovský], Suppl.: 173 (1898)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus adamovicii (Velen.) Skokanová; Pl. Syst. Evol. 305(8): 585 (2019)

species :

Centaurea adpressa Ledeb.; Cat. Hort. Dorpat., Suppl. 2: 3 (1824)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia; Romania; S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; China (Nei Mongol, N-Xinjiang)

11 ger SLO 13 ROM 14 KRY MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ UZB 33 AZE NCS 36 CHI

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Lopholoma. Often included in C. scabiosa s. l. as subspecies

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea apiculata subsp. adpressa (Ledeb.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 196 (1976)

= Centaurea scabiosa subsp. adpressa (Ledeb.) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 132 (1907)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. adpressa (Ledeb.) DC.

= Centaurea spinulosa subsp. adpressa (Ledeb.) Soldano; Boll. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Verona 18: 344 (1994)

= Colymbada adpressa (Ledeb.) Holub; Preslia 46: 228 (1974)

species :

Centaurea aegyptiaca L.; Mant. Pl. 118 (1767)

Distribution: Egypt (Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, SE-Egypt); Sudan; Israel (Rift Valley, N-Negev Desert, S-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (N-Saudi Arabia, Asir, Nejd Desert); Oman (Mascat & Oman)

20 EGY 24 SUD 34 ISR SIN 35 OMA SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa aegyptiaca (L.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (nomen) (1826)

= Centaurea cancellata Sieber ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4: 406 (1827)

= Centaurea eriophora Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 74. n. 465 (1775), nom. illeg.

species :

Centaurea aeolica Guss. ex Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 2(1): 136 (1902)

subspecies :

subsp. aeolica

Distribution: Sicily (Isole Lipari)

13 SIC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Willkommia

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta aeolica (Guss. ex Lojac.) Holub; Preslia 46: 226 (1974)

= Centaurea aplolepa subsp. aeolica (Guss. ex Lojac.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 202 (1976)

= Centaurea cineraria var. aeolica (Guss. ex Lojac.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 334 (1904)

subspecies :

subsp. pandataria (Fiori & Bég.) Anzal.; Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat. 30: 512 (1994-95 publ. 1995)

Distribution: W-Italy (Ventotene Isl.)

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea aplolepa subsp. pandataria (Fiori & Bég.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 202 (1976)

= Centaurea cineraria var. pandataria Fiori & Bég.; Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 334 (1904)

= Centaurea pandataria (Fiori & Bég.) Bég.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 3: 443 (1905)

species :

Centaurea aetaliae (Sommier) Bég.; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 7: 93 (1931)

Distribution: Italy (Isola Elba)

13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Willkommia

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea aplolepa subsp. aetaliae (Sommier) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 203 (1976)

= Centaurea paniculata var. aetaliae Sommier; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 9: 329 (1902)

species :

Centaurea aetolica Phitos & T.Georgiadis; Bot. Chron. (Patras) 1(2): 104 (1981)

Distribution: WC-Greece

Error

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta aetolica (Guss. ex Lojac.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

species :

Centaurea affinis Friv.; Flora 19: 435 (1836)

subspecies :

subsp. affinis

Distribution: Germany [I]; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of mainland)

11 ger 13 ALB BUL GRC KOS NMA ROM SRB TUE

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Pannophyllum

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta affinis (Friv.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 133 (1972)

= Centaurea cinerea Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 236 (1846) non Lam. 1785

= Centaurea dissecta subsp. affinis (Friv.) Maire

= Centaurea rupestris Kit. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 322 (1841)

= Centaurea sulphurea Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 32 (1816)

subspecies :

subsp. balcanica (Urum. & H.Wagner) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 196 (1976)

Distribution: N-Bulgaria

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea balcanica Urum. & H.Wagner; Magyar Bot. Lapok 6: 166 (1907)

= Acosta balcanica (Urum. & J.Wagner) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

subspecies :

subsp. candida (Velen.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 197 (1976)

Distribution: S-Bulgaria

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea candida Velen.; Fl. Bulg. [Velenovský] 315 (1891)

= Acosta candida (Velen.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 303 (1977)

subspecies :

subsp. denudata (Halácsy) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

Distribution: C-Greece

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea affinis var. denudata Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 593 (1898)

= Centaurea pallidior subsp. denudata (Halácsy) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 197 (1976)

subspecies :

subsp. laconiae Prodan; Centaur. Român. 137 (1930)

Distribution: Greece (Peloponnisos, C-Greece)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea affinis subsp. peloponnesiaca (Halácsy) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 196 (1976)

= Centaurea affinis var. peloponesiaca Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 593 (1898)

subspecies :

subsp. pallidior (Halácsy) Hayek; Arh. Minist. Zeml. Darz. Imoti 4-5: 1186 (1925)

Distribution: Bulgaria; Greece (scattered in mountains)

13 BUL GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta pallidior (Halácsy) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

= Centaurea grisebachii subsp. paucijuga (Halácsy) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 198 (1976)

= Centaurea pallidior Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 594 (1898)

= Centaurea paucijuga Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 595 (1898)

= Centaurea paucijuga var. melanolepis Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 596 (1898)

species :

Centaurea aggregata Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 585 (1838)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 ARM AZE 34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta aggregata (Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex DC.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140: 133 (1972)

= Centaurea aggregata subsp. albida (K.Koch) Bornm.

= Centaurea aggregata var. argyrea Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 60B: 210 (1939)

= Centaurea albida K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 433 (1851)

= Centaurea amani Post; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 24: 434 (1888)

= Centaurea chrysolopha Boiss. & Kotschy; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 75 (1856)

= Centaurea desmicephala Fenzl; Index Sem. (Vienna) 1855: ? (1855)

= Centaurea pauciflora K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 433 (1851)

= Centaurea virgata subsp. aggregata (Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex DC.) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 248 (1908)

species :

Centaurea ahverdovii Gabrieljan; Fl. Rastitel´nost´ Rastitel´nye Resursy Armen. 22 (1991)

Distribution: Armenia

33 ARM

Remarks: Subgen. Grossheimia

Synonyms: hidden

= Grossheimia ahverdovii (Gabrieljan) Gabrieljan; Fl. Armen. 9: 332 (1995)

species :

Centaurea ainetensis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 117 (1849)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria

34 LEB SYR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea eryngioides var. ainetensis (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 659 (1875)

species :

Centaurea akamantis T.Georgiadis & Hadjik.; Willdenowia 23(1-2): 157 (1993)

Distribution: Cyprus

34 CYP

Conservation Status: IUCN CR. Known only from two small populations

species :

Centaurea akmanii Yıld.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 19(2): 7 (2012)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea akroteriensis Gennaio & Q.G.Manni; Phytotaxa 436(3): 260 (2020)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Centaurea aksoyi Hamzaoğlu & Budak; Nordic J. Bot. 27: 16 (2009)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea aladaghensis Wagenitz; Willdenowia 2: 481, f. 4 (1961)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea alba L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 914 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. alba

Name: Weiße Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain

11 ger 12 POR SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. macrocephala (Pau) Talavera; Lagascalia 12(2): 248 (1984)

= Centaurea alba subsp. strepens (Hoffmanns. & Link) Rocha Afonso; Bol. Soc. Brot. 54: 228 1980-(1981 publ. 1981)

= Centaurea alba var. concolor DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 569 (1838)

= Centaurea alba var. macrocephala Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 1916: 15 (1916)

= Centaurea deusta var. heterochlamyda Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1929: no. 7154 (1930), nomen

= Centaurea globosa DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 569 (1838)

= Centaurea leucolepis Ten. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 420 (1879)

= Centaurea nitida Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 49 (1779)

= Centaurea segoviensis Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52: 513 (1905)

= Centaurea splendens Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. 628 (1831), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea strepens Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 236 (1820-34)

= Centaurea strobilacea Scop.; Delic. Fl. Faun. Insubr. 1: 38 (1786)

= Phalolepis alba (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 50: 249 (1828)

= Pterolophus pinnatifidus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 50: 250 (1826)

variant :

var. latronum (Pau) E.López & Devesa; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 6: 44 (2011)

Distribution: NC-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. latronum (Pau) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 205 (1976)

= Centaurea latronum f. virens Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 6: 27 (1907)

= Centaurea latronum Pau; Not. Bot. 6: 67 (1895)

subspecies :

subsp. aristifera (Pau ex Vicioso) E.López & Devesa; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 6: 45 (2011)

Distribution: EC-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea aristifera Pau ex Vicioso; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 5: 234 (1906)

subspecies :

subsp. tartesiana Talavera; Lagascalia 12(2): 248 (1984)

Distribution: SW-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea tartesiana (Talavera) Rivas Mart., A.Asensi, Molero Mesa & F.Valle; Rivasgodaya 6: 24 (1991)

species :

Centaurea albanica Halácsy ex Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 38: 11. 459 (1921)

Name: Aschgraue Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; North Macedonia; NW-Greece (mountains)

11 ger 13 GRC NMA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. albanica (Halácsy) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 205 (1976)

= Centaurea chthonocephala Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 677 (1875)

= Centaurea geocephala Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 677 (1875)

= Centaurea lasiorhiza DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 600 (1838)

= Centaurea ustulata Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 2: 134 (1902), nom. illeg., non DC.

= Psephellus ustulatus Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 576 (1838)

species :

Centaurea albertii Rexhepi; Glasn. Prír. Mus. Beogradu, Ser. B, Biol. Nauke 41: 28 (1986), without latin descr., et in Fl. Srbije 10: 351 (1986)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo

13 KOS SRB

species :

Centaurea albofimbriata Stef. & T.Georgiev; Spis. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 44: 167 (1931)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea triumfettii subsp. pirinensis (Degen, Urum. & H.Wagner) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 208 (1976)

= Centaurea variegata var. pirinensis Degen, Urum. & H.Wagner; Magyar Bot. Lapok 13: 188 (1914)

= Cyanus albofimbriatus (Stef. & T.Georgiev) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

species :

Centaurea albonitens Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1930: 427 (1930)

Distribution: Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

33 ARM 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea carthamoides Chevall.; Fl. Gen. Env. Paris 2(2): 569 (1827)

= Phaeopappus carthamoides (DC.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 125 (1846)

= Tomanthea carthamoides (DC.) Takht.; Trudy Biol. Inst. Armyansk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 243 (1939)

species :

Centaurea alejandrei Patino, Urrutia & J.Valencia; Fl. Montiber. 88: 88 (2024)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

variant :

var. leronensis Patino, Urrutia & J.Valencia; Fl. Montiber. 88: 88 (2024)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

species :

Centaurea alexandrina Delile; Ill. Fl. Égypte 373, t. 49, f. 3 (1813)

Name: Alexandriner Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; France [I]; Italy [I]; Libya; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Mali; Chad

11 ger 12 fra 13 ita 20 EGY LBY 22 MLI 24 CHA

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa alexandrina (Delile) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 133 (1972)

= Centaurea pallescens Bové ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 597 (1838)

species :

Centaurea alfonsoi Negaresh; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 51(3): 195 (2014)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea ali-beyana Font Quer & Pau; Iter Marocc. [Font Quer], Exsicc. No. 696 [1928]. (1927)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ali-beyana Font Quer; Cavanillesia 1: 79 (1928), in adnot.,nomen

species :

Centaurea alveicola Rech.f.; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 72: 283 (1959)

Distribution: Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia)

34 IRQ

species :

Centaurea amadanensis Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 19: 326 (1847)

subspecies :

subsp. amadanensis

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Amberboa decurrens DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 560 (1838)

= Paraphysis decurrens (DC.) Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19: 77 (1973)

= Phaeopappus decurrens (DC.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 600 (1875)

= Tomanthea decurrens (DC.) Takht.; Trudy Biol. Inst. Armyansk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 243 (1939)

subspecies :

subsp. gymnoclada (Jaub. & Spach) Negaresh; Phytotaxa 363(1): 20 (2018)

Distribution: Iraq

34 IRQ

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea amadanensis var. gymnoclada (Benth. & Hook.f.) Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 191 (1963)

= Centaurea gymnoclada Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 482 (1873)

= Phaeopappus decurrens var. anoplos Bornm.; Danish Sci. Invest. Iran 4: 30 (1945)

= Phaeopappus decurrens var. gymnocladus (Benth. & Hook.f.) Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 32(2): 413 (1914)

= Phaeopappus gymnocladus Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 3(21-23): 15 (1847)

= Tomanthea gymnoclada (Benth. & Hook.f.) Takht.; Trudy Armyansk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. Biol. 1939: 243 (1939)

subspecies :

subsp. ranjbarii Negaresh; Phytotaxa 363(1): 20 (2018)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea amaena Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 112 (1859)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis

species :

Centaurea amanicola Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 3: 322, t. 28 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea amanosensis M.Bona; Pl. Biosystems 150(5): 1083 (2015)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea ambigua Guss.; Index Sem. (Boccadifalco) 1826: 3 (1826)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea laciniata Guss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 582 (1838)

= Centaurea ambigua subsp. laciniata (Guss.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 392 (1882)

species :

Centaurea amblensis Graells; Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Exact. Madrid 2: 462 (1859)

subspecies :

subsp. amblensis

Distribution: N-Portugal; C- & SW-Spain

12 POR SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Subsect. Lagascanae

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea amblensis f. luisieri (Samp.) M.Laínz; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 13: 490 (1956)

= Centaurea luisieri Samp.; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 14: 104 (1916)

= Colymbada amblensis (Graells) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 19 (1982)

subspecies :

subsp. tendudaica (Rivas Goday) Rivas Mart.; Lagascalia 15(Extra): 116 (1988)

Distribution: SW-Spain (Sierra Tudia)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea amblensis var. tentudaica (Rivas Goday) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 1: 1 (1982)

= Centaurea tentudaica (Rivas Goday) Rivas Goday & Rivas Mart.; Lazaroa 2: 328 (1980)

= Centaurea toletana subsp. tentudaica Rivas Goday; Veg. Fl. Guadiana 666 (1964)

= Colymbada amblensis var. tentudaica (Rivas Goday) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 19 (1982)

species :

Centaurea ammocyanus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 109 (1849)

Distribution: ?Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt); Iraq (S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, Jbel Druze); Israel (C-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia)

20 EGY 34 IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Ammocyanus arabicus Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19 (1 -4): 78 (1973) (nom. nov. superfl.)

species :

Centaurea anathoth Al-Hali; Gazelle Palestinian Biol. Bull. 127: 10, figs. 1-4 (2015), nom. inval. (holotype not cited)

Distribution: Palestine

34 PAL

species :

Centaurea ankarica Uysal & Hamzaoğlu; Türl. Hab. 3(2): 83 (2022)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea antalyensis H.Duman & A.Duran; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 39: 45 (2002)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis

species :

Centaurea antennata Dufour; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 23: 158 (1831)

subspecies :

subsp. antennata

Distribution: E-Spain (Tarragona, Valencia)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Lepteranthus

Synonyms: hidden

= Jacea antennata (Dufour) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 229 (1974)

subspecies :

subsp. caballeroi (Pau & Font Quer) M.B.Crespo, López-Alvarado, L.Sáez & Mateo; Fl. Montiber. 52: 74 (2012)

Distribution: E-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea caballeroi Pau & Font Quer; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 18: 82 (1918)

= Centaurea linifolia subsp. caballeroi (Font Quer & Pau ex Font Quer) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 92 (1987 publ. (1988)

= Centaurea linifolia var. caballeroi (Font Quer & Pau ex Font Quer) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17: 92 (1988)

subspecies :

subsp. meridionalis (O.Bolòs & Vigo) Serra & M.B.Crespo; Ruizia 19: 858 (2008)

Distribution: SE-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea antennata var. meridionalis (O.Bolòs & Vigo) M.A.Navarro & M.B.Crespo; Sierra Reclot 58 (1999)

= Centaurea linifolia var. meridionalis O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 92 (1987 publ. 1988)

= Centaurea linifolia var. submollis Rouy; Excurs. Bot. Espagne 1881-1882 2: 72 (1883)

species :

Centaurea anthemifolia Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 3: 319, t. 23 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

species :

Centaurea antiochia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 115 (1849)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

variant :

var. praealta (Boiss. & Balansa) Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(3): 429 (1975)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea praealta Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 5: 112 (1856)

species :

Centaurea antitauri Hayek; Exsicc. (Centaur. Crit.) 1914: no. 57 (1914)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Phaeopappus rupestris Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 598 (1875)

= Tomanthea rupestris (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Takht.; Trudy Biol. Inst. Armyansk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 242 (1939)

species :

Centaurea aphrodisea Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 17 (1844)

Distribution: Turkey (W-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

species :

Centaurea apiculata Ledeb.; Cat. Hort. Dorpat., Suppl. 2: 3 (1824)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Hungary; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; S-European Russia; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan

11 ger HUN 13 ALB BUL KOS NMA ROM SRB 14 BLR KRY MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ UZB 33 AZE GEO NCS

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Lopholoma. Often included in C. scabiosa s. l. as subspecies

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea apiculata subsp. spinulosa (Rochel ex Spreng.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 196 (1976)

= Centaurea pseudocoriacea Dobrocz.; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 6(2): 72 (1949)

= Centaurea scabiosa subsp. apiculata (Ledeb.) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(3): 117 (2000)

= Centaurea scabiosa subsp. spinulosa (Rochel ex Spreng.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 390 (1882)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. angustata Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 48 (1833)

= Centaurea spinulosa Rochel ex Spreng.; Novi Provent. [Sprengel] 8 (1818), et Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 403 (1826)

= Centaurea spinulosa subsp. apiculata (Ledeb.) Soldano; Boll. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Verona 18: 344 (1994)

= Colymbada apiculata (Ledeb.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

= Colymbada apiculata subsp. spinulosa (Rochel) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 13 (1984)

= Colymbada spinulosa (Rochel) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 228 (1974)

species :

Centaurea aplolepa Moretti; Giorn. Fis. Chim. Storia Nat. Med. Arti, Dec. 2, 9: 154 (1826)

subspecies :

subsp. aplolepa

Distribution: NW-Italy (Savona to Livorno)

13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Willkommia

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta aplolepa (Moretti) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 142 (1973)

= Centaurea aeolica Guss. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 584 (1838)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. aplolepa (Moretti) Briq. & Cavill.; Fl. Alpes Marit. 7: 172 (1931)

= Centaurea paniculata var. aplolepa (Moretti) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 339 (1904)

= Centaurea rupicola Bad. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 426 (1879)

subspecies :

subsp. bertolonii (Arrigoni) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 245-250 (2003)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea bertolonii Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 6: 34 (1894), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. bertolonii Arrigoni; Parlatorea 6: 60 (2003)

subspecies :

subsp. carueliana (Micheletti) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 202 (1976)

Distribution: W-Italy (Carrara to Grossato, inland to Firenze)

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea paniculata f. carueliana Micheletti; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 316 (1891)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. carueliana (Micheletti) Arrigoni; Parlatorea 6: 69 (2003)

subspecies :

subsp. cosana (Fiori) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 203 (1976)

Distribution: C-Italy (Mte. Argentario, near Orbetello)

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. cosana (Fiori) Arrigoni; Parlatorea 6: 73 (2003)

= Centaurea paniculata var. cosana Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 338 (1904)

subspecies :

subsp. gallinariae (Briq. & Cavill.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 203 (1976)

Distribution: NW-Italy (Isola Gallinara, Savona)

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. gallinariae (Briq. & Cavill.) Arrigoni; Parlatorea 6: 55 (2003)

= Centaurea paniculata var. gallinariae Briq. & Cavill.; Fl. Alpes Marit. 7: 175 (1931)

subspecies :

subsp. levantina (Arrigoni) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 245-250 (2003)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. levantina Arrigoni; Parlatorea 6: 62 (2003)

subspecies :

subsp. lunensis (Fiori) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 203 (1976)

Distribution: NW-Italy (Genova to La Spezia, NW-Appennini)

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. lunensis (Fiori) Arrigoni; Parlatorea 6: 64 (2003)

= Centaurea paniculata var. lunensis Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 338 (1904)

subspecies :

subsp. maremmana (Fiori) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 202 (1976)

Distribution: W-Italy (Livorno)

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea paniculata f. maremmana Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 339 (1904)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. maremmana (Fiori) Arrigoni; Parlatorea 6: 71 (2003)

subspecies :

subsp. parvula (Ces.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 391 (1882)

Distribution: NW-Italy (near Pieve de Teco, prov. Imperia)

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta ligustica (Gremli ex Briq.) Holub; Preslia 46: 226 (1974)

= Centaurea aplolepa subsp. ligustica (Gremli ex Briq.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 202 (1976)

= Centaurea aplolepa var. ligustica Gremli ex Briq.; Monogr. Centaurées Alpes Marit. 142 (1902)

= Centaurea aplolepa var. parvula Ces.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Cesati] 2: 495 (1878)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. ligustica (Gremli ex Briq.) Arrigoni; Parlatorea 6: 73 (2003)

= Centaurea paniculata var. brunnescens Briq.; Monogr. Centaurées Alpes Marit. 152 (1902)

subspecies :

subsp. subciliata (DC.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 391 (1882)

Distribution: W-Italy (Genova to Livorno)

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea aplolepa var. subciliata DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 584 (1838)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. subciliata (DC.) Arrigoni; Parlatorea 6: 67 (2003)

species :

Centaurea appendicata Klokov; Trudy Inst. Bot. Kharkivs´k Derzhavn. Univ., ed. Med. 1: 94, 101 (1936)

Distribution: SE-Ukraine (by west bank of R. Dnepr, below Zaporoz´e)

14 UKR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea margaritacea subsp. appendicata (Klokov) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 204 (1976)

species :

Centaurea arachnoidea Viv.; Ann. Bot. (Genoa) 1(2): 185 (1804)

subspecies :

subsp. arachnoidea

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada arachnoidea (Viv.) Banfi, Galasso & Soldano; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 146(2): 223 (2005)

subspecies :

subsp. adonidifolia (Rchb.) F.Conti, Moraldo & Ricceri; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 48(3): 210 (2011)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea adonidifolia Rchb.; Handb. Gewächsk., ed. 2, 2: 1545 (1829)

subspecies :

subsp. montis-ferrati Ricceri, Moraldo & F.Conti; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 48(3): 213 (-215; fig.14) (2011)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Centaurea ardabilica Ranjbar & Heydari; Phytotaxa 201(1): 80 (2015)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea arenaria M.Bieb. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2278 (1803)

Name: Sand-Flockenblume

Distribution: Hungary; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; S-European Russia; Latvia [I]; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan

11 HUN 13 BUL ROM TUE 14 KRY lat MLD RUS UKR 32 KAZ 33 AZE NCS

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Arenariae

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta arenaria (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 133 (1972)

= Spilacron crupinoides Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 50: 239 (1827)

species :

Centaurea argecillensis Gredilla; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 5: 431 (1903), Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 158

Distribution: C- & NE-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Subsect. Lagascanae

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea toletana subsp. argecillensis (Gredilla) A.Segura, Mateo & J.Benito; Cat. Florist. Prov. Soria 115 (1998)

= Centaurea toletana var. argecillensis (Gredilla) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 38(2): 530 (1981 publ. 1982)

= Colymbada argecillensis (Gredilla) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 304 (1977)

= Colymbada toletana var. argecillensis (Gredilla) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 19 (1982)

species :

Centaurea argentea L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 912 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. argentea

Distribution: Greece (Kithira); Crete

13 GRC KRI

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Pannophyllum

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta argentea (L.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 313 (1972)

= Centaurea ragusina Sm.; Fl. Graec. [Sibthorp] 10: 2, t. 903 (1840) non L.

subspecies :

subsp. chionantha (Turland & L.Chilton) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

Distribution: Crete

13 KRI

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea argentea var. chionantha Turland & L.Chilton; Bot. Chron. (Patras) 13: 77 (2000)

subspecies :

subsp. macrothysana (Rech.f.) Turland & L.Chilton; Bot. Chron. (Patras) 13: 76 (2000)

Distribution: Crete

13 KRI

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea argentea var. macrothysana Rech.f.; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 105(2,1): 151 (1944)

species :

Centaurea arifolia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 112 (1849)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains)

34 SYR TUR

species :

Centaurea aristata Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 226 (1820 publ. 1828)

Distribution: Portugal; NW-Spain

12 POR SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta aristata (Hoffmanns. & Link) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

= Acosta castellana (Boiss. & Reut.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 313 (1972)

= Amblyopogon aristata (Hoffmanns. & Link) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 66 (1856)

= Centaurea castellana Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 129 (1846)

= Centaurea castellana var. asperrima Sennen; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 32: 101 (1932)

= Centaurea coerulescens var. aristata (Hoffmanns. & Link) Pau ex Merino; Fl. Galicia [Merino] 2: 414 (1906)

= Centaurea escobilla Coss. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 426 (1879)

= Centaurea paniculata subvar. eucastellana Arènes; Agron. Lusit. 11: 19 (1949), nom. inval.

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. aristata (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 657 (1913)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. castellana (Boiss. & Reut.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 199 (1976)

= Centaurea paniculata var. castellana (Boiss. & Reut.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 657 (1913), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea paniculata var. castellana (Boiss. & Reut.) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 158 (1907)

= Phaeopappus aristatus (Hoffmanns. & Link) Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 3: 18, t. 213 (1847)

species :

Centaurea armena (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 676 (1875)

Distribution: Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)

33 ARM 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea armena (Jaub. & Spach) Rech.f.; Biol. Skr. 8(2) [Symb. Afghan. 2]: 184 (1955)

= Centaurea brevi-appendiculata Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 241 (1907)

= Centaurea rhizantha Tchich.; Asie Min., Bot. [P.A.Tchichatscheff] 2: 320 (1860)

= Centaurea vacillans Rech.f.; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 11(5): 33.(1952)

= Phaeopappus armenus Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 3: 13, t. 210 (1847)

species :

Centaurea armoraciifolia Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 2: 205 (1813)

Distribution: +Greece (+Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

Remarks: of uncertain status, never recollected

species :

Centaurea arrigonii Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 245-250 (2003), nom. nov.

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea intermedia (Micheletti) Arrigoni; Parlatorea 6: 76 (2003) (non Mutel 1846)

= Centaurea maculosa f. intermedia Micheletti; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 315, 322 (1891)

species :

Centaurea ascalonica Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 373 (1928)

Distribution: Israel (coastal W-Israel, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania)

34 ISR JOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Microlophus ascalonicus (Bornm.) Soják; Novit. Bot. Delect. Seminum Horti Bot. Univ. Carol. Prag. 47 (1962)

species :

Centaurea aspera L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 916 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. aspera

Name: Raue Flockenblume (DE); Cardo aspera (ES)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera, Mallorca, Menorca); France; Channel Isl.; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Morocco; ?Algeria; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], New South Wales [I])

11 ger 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ITA SIC 20 MOR 50 aus

Remarks: Subgen. Seridia

Synonyms: hidden

= Alophium tenuifolium Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 54: 494 (1829)

= Calcitrapa aspera (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 8: 252 (1827)

= Calcitrapa heterophylla Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 230 (1802), nom. superfl.

= Calcitrapa parviflora Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 32 (1779)

= Calcitrapoides aspera (L.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 170 (1973)

= Calcitrapoides heterophylla (Willd.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 (1974)

= Centaurea alophium DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 601 (1838)

= Centaurea aspera subvar. subinermis (DC.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 168 (1905)

= Centaurea aspera f. parcespinulosa Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 128 (1936)

= Centaurea aspera f. praetermissa (Martrin-Donos) C.Arnaud; Bull. Soc. Dauphin. Échange Pl. 14: 580 (1887)

= Centaurea aspera subsp. euaspera Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 213 (1907), nom. inval.

= Centaurea aspera subsp. marotii Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 70 (1936)

= Centaurea aspera var. auricularia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 600 (1838)

= Centaurea aspera var. heterophylla Willd. ex Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 29: 113 (1882), nom. inval.

= Centaurea aspera var. microcephala Font Quer; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sér. Bot. 5: 229 (1920)

= Centaurea aspera var. subinermis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 600 (1838)

= Centaurea diversifolia Lag.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 354 (1845)

= Centaurea heterophylla (Moench) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2314 (1803)

= Centaurea isnardii L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 916 (1753)

= Centaurea praetermissa Martrin-Donos; Pl. Crit. Tarn 382 (1862)

= Centaurea seridis Loisel.; Fl. Gall. [Loiseleur], ed. 2, 2: 212 (1828)

= Cistrum asperum (L.) Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 36 (1762)

= Cistrum isnardi (L.) Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 36 (1762)

= Polyacantha procumbens Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 443 (1821), nom. superfl.

= Seridia aspera (L.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

= Seridia isnardi (L.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

= Seridia microcephala Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 48: 499 (1827)

= Seridia praetermissa (Martrin-Donos) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 97 (1869)

subspecies :

subsp. gentilii (Braun-Blanq. & Maire) Dobignard; Willdenowia 37(1): 140 (2007)

Distribution: Morocco; Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria)

20 MOR 21 CNY

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapoides gentilii (Braun-Blanq. & Maire) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 170 (1973)

= Centaurea fragilis var. integrifolia Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 531 (1878)

= Centaurea gentilii Braun-Blanq. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 13: 188 (1922)

subspecies :

subsp. pseudosphaerocephala (R.J.Shuttlew. ex Rouy) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 214 (1907)

Distribution: S-France

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea aspera proles pseudosphaerocephala Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 172 (1905)

= Centaurea aspera f. pseudosphaerocephala R.J.Shuttlew. ex Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 172 (1905)

= Centaurea pseudosphaerocephala R.J.Shuttlew. ex Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 172 (1905)

subspecies :

subsp. scorpiurifolia (Dufour) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 432 (1879)

Distribution: S-Spain; Morocco

12 SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea aspera var. scorpiurifolia (Dufour) Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 143 (1865)

= Centaurea scorpiurifolia Dufour; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 23: 163 (1831)

subspecies :

subsp. stenophylla (Dufour) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 432 (1879)

Distribution: S-Portugal (Algarve); E-Spain (S of Valencia); Baleares (Mallorca, Menorca)

12 BAL POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapoides stenophylla (Dufour) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 307 (1977)

= Centaurea aspera var. stenophylla (Dufour) Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 143 (1865)

= Centaurea stenophylla Dufour; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 23: 162 (1831)

species :

Centaurea aspromontana Brullo, Scelsi & Spamp.; Vegetaz. Aspromonte 49 (2001)

Distribution: S-Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

species :

Centaurea assadii Ranjbar & Negaresh; Phytotaxa 123(1): 6 (2013), nom. nov.

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea aucheri subsp. elbursensis Wagenitz; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139b: 360 (1980)

species :

Centaurea athoa DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 588 (1838)

subspecies :

subsp. athoa

Distribution: NE-Greece (Athos); Turkey (WN-Anatolia)

13 GRC 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea parolinii DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 592 (1838)

= Centaurea rupestris subsp. athoa (DC.) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 194 (1907)

= Centaurea trojana Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 101 (1923)

= Colymbada athoa (DC.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. chelmea Kit Tan, Zarkos, V.Christodoulou & G.Vold; Phytol. Balcan. 21: 388 (2015)

Distribution: S-Greece (Peloponnisos: Mt. Chelmos, Mt. Taygetos)

13 GRC

subspecies :

subsp. parnonia (Halácsy) E.Gamal-Eldin & Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 107(1-4): 101 (1985)

Distribution: S-Greece (Peloponnisos: Mt. Parnonas)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea macedonica subsp. parnonia (Halácsy) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 195 (1976)

= Centaurea parnonia Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 648 (1898)

= Centaurea rupestris subsp. parnonia (Halácsy) Routsi & T.Georgiadis; Candollea 49(2): 366 (1994)

= Centaurea rupestris var. minor Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 668 (1875)

= Colymbada parnonia (Halácsy) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 228 (1974)

species :

Centaurea atlantica Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 283 (1875)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea nicaeensis subsp. atlantica (Pomel) Batt.

= Centaurea nicaeensis var. riaeana Rchb.f.

= Centaurea riaeana (Rchb.f.) Sennen; Campagn. Bot. 83 (1936)

species :

Centaurea atlantis Maire & Weiller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 24 (1940)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Melanoloma atlantis (Maire & Weiller) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 1: 8 (1982)

species :

Centaurea atrata Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3(3): 2290 (1803)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey

33 ARM AZE GEO 34 TUR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea axillaris var. atrata (Willd.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 636 (1875)

= Centaurea cana f. fulgens Bornm.; Feddes Repert. 89: 375 (1944)

= Centaurea huetii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 69 (1856)

= Cyanus atratus (Willd.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 316 (1972)

= Cyanus huetii (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 131 (1972)

species :

Centaurea atropurpurea Olivier; Voy. Emp. Othoman, ed. 4: 313 (1801)

Distribution: Greece (C-Kikládhes: Naxos, Paros, Iraklia, Keros, Amorgos)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Carduiformes

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea olivieriana DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 590 (1838), nom. superfl.

= Colymbada oliveriana (DC.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 316 (1972)

= Hyalea olivieri Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 3(30): 138 (1850), nom. superfl.

species :

Centaurea attica Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 33 (1854 publ. 1855)

subspecies :

subsp. attica

Distribution: C-Greece (Attiki)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Arenariae

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea boissieri Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 6: 298 (1847) (non DC.)

= Acosta attica (Nyman) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 142 (1973)

subspecies :

subsp. asperula (Halácsy) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 198 (1976)

Distribution: EC-Greece (Attiki)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea asperula Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 588 (1898)

= Acosta asperula (Halácsy) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 303 (1977)

subspecies :

subsp. megarensis (Halácsy & Hayek) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 198 (1976)

Distribution: EC-Greece (near Megara)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta megarensis (Halácsy & Hayek) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 304 (1977)

= Centaurea megarensis Halácsy & Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 125 (1913)

subspecies :

subsp. pentelica (Hausskn.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 198 (1976)

Distribution: EC-Greece (around Athinai)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea pentelica Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 8: 45 (1895)

= Acosta pentelica (Hausskn.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 304 (1977)

species :

Centaurea aucheri (DC.) Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 180 (1963)

subspecies :

subsp. aucheri

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

33 ARM AZE 34 IRN IRQ TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Tomanthea

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea aucheriana DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 576 (1838)

= Centaurea cuspidata Aucher ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 577 (1838)

= Centaurea microcephala Benth. & Hook.f. ex B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 1: 474 (1893)

= Phaeopappus aucheri (DC.) Heimerl; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50 (Bot. Ergebn. Polak´sch. Exped. Pers. 2): 65 (1882 publ. 1885)

= Phaeopappus depressus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 311 (1888)

= Phaeopappus leuzeoides Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 124 (1846)

= Phaeopappus macracanthus Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 129 (1860)

= Psephellus aucherianus (DC.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 611 (1875)

= Tomanthea aucheri DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 564 (1838)

= Tomanthea depressa (Boiss.) Czerep.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 480 (1960)

subspecies :

subsp. szowitsii (Boiss.) Wagenitz; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139b: 359 (1980)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran

34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Amberboa phaeopappa DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 560 (1838)

= Centaurea aucheri var. szowitsii (Boiss.) Wagenitz

= Centaurea phaeopappa (DC.) Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 19: 326 (1846)

= Centaurea scleroblephara Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 1: 271 (1901)

= Phaeopappus scleroblepharus Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 1: 271 (1901)

= Phaeopappus szowitsii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 123 (1846), nom. superfl.

= Tomanthea phaeopappa (DC.) Takht. ex Czerep.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 477 (1960)

species :

Centaurea australis Pančić ex A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 22: 118 (1872)

Name: Südliche Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Denmark [I]; Sweden [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Austria [I]; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], Nevada [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I])

10 den swe 11 aut ger HUN POL SLO swi 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 KRY MLD RUS UKR 32 KAZ 33 NCS 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Maculosae, stoebe agg. Often included as subspecies in C. stoebe but clearly separate on cytological grounds. In many places an aggressive neophyte (North America, Central Europe)

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta micranthos (S.G.Gmel. ex Gugler) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 134 (1972)

= Acosta radoslavoffii (Urum.) Holub; Preslia 46 (3). 227 (1974)

= Centaurea biebersteinii subsp. australis (Pančić) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 200 (1976)

= Centaurea biebersteinii subsp. radoslavoffii (Urum.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 201 (1976)

= Centaurea biebersteinii subsp. rhodopaea (Hayek & H.Wagner) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 201 (1976)

= Centaurea epapposa Simonk.; Enum. Fl. Transsilv. 350 (1886)

= Centaurea maculosa f. cylindriceps Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 168 (1908)

= Centaurea maculosa f. rhodopaea Hayek & H.Wagner; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 125 (1913)

= Centaurea maculosa f. subcanescens Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 167 (1908)

= Centaurea maculosa f. subpallida Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 168 (1908)

= Centaurea maculosa subsp. micranthos Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 167 (1907)

= Centaurea micranthos (Griseb.) Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 676 (1901), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. micranthos (Griseb.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 656 (1913)

= Centaurea paniculata var. micranthos Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 239 (1846)

= Centaurea radoslavoffii Urum.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 10: 65 (1911)

= Centaurea stoebe subsp. australis (Pančić ex A.Kern.) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

= Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos (Griseb.) Hayek; Fl. Bulg. [Stojanov & Stefanoff] 2: 1187 (1925)

= Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos (S.G.Gmel. ex Gugler) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 766 (1931)

= Centaurea stoebe var. micranthos (Griseb.) Tiehm; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 17(1): 22 (2023)

= Centaurea sublanata subsp. australis (Pančić ex A.Kern.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 426 (1879)

species :

Centaurea austroanatolica Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 3: 319, t. 24 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

species :

Centaurea austrobalcanica (Skokanová) Raus & Strid; Phytol. Balcan. 26(3): 505 (2020)

subspecies :

subsp. austrobalcanica

Distribution: S-Bulgaria; N-Greece (mountains of N- and NE)

13 BUL GRC

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus austrobalcanicus Skokanová; Pl. Syst. Evol. 305(8): 590 (2019)

subspecies :

subsp. prisadana (Skokanová) Raus & Strid; Phytol. Balcan. 26(3): 505 (2020)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus austrobalcanicus subsp. prisadanus Skokanová; Pl. Syst. Evol. 305(8): 592 (2019)

species :

Centaurea avilae Pau; Rev. Montes 1909: no. 782 (1909)

Distribution: C-Spain (Sa. de Gredos, Sa. Bejar)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Willkommia

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta avilae (Pau) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 21 (1982)

species :

Centaurea aytugiana Bancheva, Kaya & Binzet; Novon 23(2): 134 (2014)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea aziziana Rech.f.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 97: 255 (1950)

Distribution: Armenia; Turkey; Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

33 ARM 34 IRN TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis

Synonyms: hidden

= Jurinea sharifiana var. aziziana (Rech.f.) Parsa; Fl. Iran [Parsa] 10: 215 (1980)

species :

Centaurea babylonica (L.) L.; Mant. Pl. Altera [Linnaeus] 460 (1771)

Distribution: Sardinia [I]; Turkey (S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria)

12 sar 34 LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurium babylonicum (L.) K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 418 (1851)

= Microlophus babylonicus (L.) Soják; Novit. Bot. Delect. Seminum Horti Bot. Univ. Carol. Prag. 47 (1962)

= Piptoceras babylonicum (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 54: 489 (1828)

= Serratula babylonica L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1199 (1759)

species :

Centaurea bachtiarica Hayek & Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 272 (1926)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea baldaccii Degen ex Bald.; Malpighia 9: 277 (1895)

Distribution: W-Crete (Lefka Ori)

13 KRI

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus baldaccii (Degen) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 228 (1974)

species :

Centaurea barrasii Pau; Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 1(1): 52 (1922)

Distribution: SE-Spain (Cabo de Gata)

12 SPA

Remarks: subgen. Seridia

species :

Centaurea baseri Köse & Alan; Phytotaxa 117(1): 23 (2013)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis

species :

Centaurea bavegehensis Ranjbar & Negaresh; Novon 23(3): 324 (2014)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea behen L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 914 (1753)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (N-Israel)

32 TKM 33 ARM AZE NCS 34 IRN IRQ ISR LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Behen album Garsault; Fig. Pl. Méd. 1: t. 6 (1764), nom. inval.

= Centaurea acuta C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. [C.A. von Meyer] 65 (1831), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea acuta Vahl ex M.Bieb.; Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp. 82 (1798)

= Centaurea alata Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 665 (1783)

= Centaurea babylonica M.Bieb.; Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp. 82 (1798), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea brachyptera DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 567 (1838)

= Centaurea germaniciae Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 682 (1875)

= Centaurium acutum K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 418 (1851)

= Centaurium alatum (Lam.) K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 418 (1851)

= Centaurium behen (L.) K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 418 (1851)

= Microlophus alatus (Lam.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 54: 491 (1826)

= Piptoceras behen (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 54: 487 (1828)

= Rhaponticum behen (L.) Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 2: 606 (1833)

= Rhaponticum behen (L.) Ratier; Pharm. Franç. 121 (1827)

= Serratula behen (L.) Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 3: 242 (1823)

species :

Centaurea beltrani (Pau) Blanca; Lagascalia 10(2): 187 (1982), pro hybr.

Distribution: E-Spain (Valencia to Tarragona)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Willkommia

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta ×beltrani (Pau) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 21 (1982)

= Centaurea aguilellae Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Fl. Montiber. 40: 54 (2008)

= Centaurea boissieri subsp. beltranii (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17: 92 (1988)

= Centaurea boissieri subsp. saguntina (Mateo & M.B.Crespo) Greuter; Willdenowia 35(2): 229 (2005)

= Centaurea boissieri var. beltrani (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 92 (1987 publ. 1988)

= Centaurea boissieri var. saguntina (Mateo & M.B.Crespo) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Man. Països Catalans 3: 933 (1995)

= Centaurea resupinata subsp. saguntina (Mateo & M.B.Crespo) Greuter; Willdenowia 35: 229 (2005)

= Centaurea saguntina Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Bol. Soc. Brot. 61: 262 (1988)

= Centaurea tenuifolia subsp. beltrani Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 13: 43 (1914)

species :

Centaurea benedicta (L.) L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 1296 (1763)

Name: Benedikten-Flockenblume, Echtes Benediktenkraut (DE); Blessed Thistle; Holy Thistle (EN)

Distribution: Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; France [I]; Sardinia; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania [I]; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, Kiklades, Samothraki, Limnos); Crete; S-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Libya [I]; South Africa [I]; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Central Anatolia, E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Herat, Kabul, Takhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (C-Israel, coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Negev Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Jordania (W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Asir); China (Xinjiang); Pakistan (Dir, Chitral, Swat, Pakistani Punjab, Rawalpindi); +Australia [I] (+New South Wales [I]); Canada [I] (New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], Arkansas California [I], Connecticut [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Illinois [I], Maryland [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], Oregon [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], Wisconsin [I]); Guatemala [I]; Ecuador [I]; S-Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Maule [I])

11 bgm ger HUN SLO swi 12 fra POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI NMA rom SLV SRB TUE 14 KRY RUS UKR 20 alg lby mor 27 saf 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 SAU 36 CHI 40 PAK 50 aus 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 80 gua 83 ecu 84 bra 85 arg cle uru

Synonyms: hidden

= Benedicta officinalis Bernh.; Syst. Verz. Pfl. Erfurt [Bernhardi] 159 (1800)

= Calcitrapa benedicta (L.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

= Calcitrapa lanuginosa Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 35 (1779), nom. superfl.

= Carbeni benedicta (L.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 397 (1882)

= Carbenia benedicta (L.) Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 116 (1763)

= Carbenia benedicta (L.) Benth.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 482 (1873), isonym

= Cardosanctus officinalis (Bernh.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 2: 152 (1900)

= Carduus benedictus (L.) Garsault; Fig. Pl. Med. t. 198 (1764)

= Carduus benedictus (L.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 151 (1821)

= Centaurea benedicta var. kotschyi (Sch.Bip.) Ghaz.; Fl. Iraq 6: 142 (2019), et Kew Bull. 75(2)-28: 1 (2020)

= Centaurea centriflora Friv. ex Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 215 (1907), nom. inval.

= Centaurea pseudobenedicta E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 14: 24 (1906)

= Cirsium munitum M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 559 (1819)

= Cnicus benedictus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 826 (1753)

= Cnicus benedictus var. kotschyi (Sch.Bip.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 706 (1875)

= Cnicus benedictus var. microcephalus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 705 (1875)

= Cnicus bulgaricus Panov; Fitologiya 48: 9 (1996)

= Cnicus kotschyi Sch.Bip.; Index Sem. (Berlin) (1857) App. 24

= Cnicus microcephalus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 705 (1875)

= Cnicus pseudobenedictus Asch.; Index Sem. (Berlin) 1861: 5 (1861)

= Epitrachys microcephala K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 402 (1851)

= Hierapicra benedicta (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 347 (1891)

species :

Centaurea besseriana DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 585 (1838)

Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria; Moldova; Ukraine

13 BUL ROM 14 MLD UKR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea, ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta besseriana (DC.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 133 (1972)

= Centaurea besseana Beauverd; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Sér. 2, 10: 312 (1918 publ. 1919)

= Centaurea ovina subsp. besseriana (DC.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 197 (1976)

= Centaurea squarrosa Roth; Catal. Bot. 2: 118 (1800)

= Centaurea virgata Besser; Enum. Pl. [Besser] 35 (1821), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea ×besseriana Beauverd; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Sér. 2, 10: 312 (1918 publ. 1919)

species :

Centaurea bethurica E.López & Devesa; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 65: 337 (2008)

Distribution: S-Portugal; SW- & C-Spain

12 POR SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

species :

Centaurea bimorpha Viv.; Fl. Libyc. Spec. 58, t. 24 (1824) (dimorpha auct.)

Distribution: Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai)

20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN WSA 34 SIN

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapoides bimorpha (Viv.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 170 (1973)

= Centaurea eriocephala Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 86 (1856)

= Centaurea kralikii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 84 (1856)

= Centaurea pseudophilostizus Godr.; Mém. Acad. Stanislas, Sér. 3, 17: 405 (1854)

species :

Centaurea bingoelensis Behçet & Ilçim; Turk. J. Bot. 41(2): 181 (2017)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea biokovensis Teyber; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 63: 27 (1913)

Distribution: Croatia (Mt. Biokovo)

13 CRO

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Pannophyllum, cuspidata agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta biokovensis (Teyber) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

species :

Centaurea blancheana Mouterde; Saussurea 4: 19 (1973)

Distribution: Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria)

34 SYR

species :

Centaurea bofilliana Sennen ex Devesa & E.López; Lagascalia 32: 250 (2012)

Distribution: Spain; SE-France; Argentina [I]

12 FRA SPA 85 arg

Remarks: subgen. Calcitrapa

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea pouzinii var. macrocephala Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 169 (1905)

species :

Centaurea boissieri DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 303 (1838)

subspecies :

subsp. boissieri

Distribution: S- & SE-Spain; Morocco

12 SPA 20 MOR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Willkommia

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta boissieri (DC.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 313 (1972)

= Acrocentron boissieri Webb; Iter Hispan. [Webb] 32 (1838)

= Centaurea aznatinensis Cuatrec.; Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona 12: 468 (1929)

= Centaurea boissieri var. straminea Degen & Hervier; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 15: 104 (1905)

= Centaurea boissieri var. tomentella Degen & Hervier; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 15: 104 (1905)

= Centaurea decumbens Boiss. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 303 (1838)

= Centaurea diversifolia Amo ex Campo & Amo; Revista Progr. Ci. Exact. 5: 56 (1855)

= Centaurea guilhelmi Pau & Sennen; Pl. Espagne [Exsicc.] No. 8831, ex Maire in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 215 (1935), descr.

= Centaurea ochrolopha subsp. guilhelmi Pau & Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 193 (1936)

= Centaurea paui var. murcica Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1929: no. 7164 (1930), nomen

= Centaurea prostrata var. straminea (Degen & Hervier) Pau; Carta Bot. 2: 7 (1905)

= Centaurea tenuifolia subsp. boissieri (DC.) Emb. & Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 1157 (1941)

subspecies :

subsp. atlantica (Font Quer) Blanca; Lagascalia 10(2): 153 (1982)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta boissieri subsp. atlantica (Font Quer) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 21 (1982)

= Centaurea atlantica (Font Quer) Figuerola, Peris & Stübing; Feddes Repert. 102(1-2): 2 (1991)

= Centaurea boissieri var. atlantica Font Quer; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 5: 101 (1925)

subspecies :

subsp. calvescens (Maire) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta boissieri subsp. calvescens (Maire) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 21 (1982)

= Centaurea atlantica subsp. calvescens (Maire) Figuerola, Peris & Stübing; Feddes Repert. 102(1-2): 2 (1991)

= Centaurea boissieri var. calvescens Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 192 (1932)

subspecies :

subsp. funkii (Sch.Bip. ex Willk.) Blanca; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 36: 352 (1979 publ. 1980)

Distribution: S-Spain (around Sa. Nevada)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta boissieri subsp. funkii (Sch.Bip. ex Willk.) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 21 (1982)

= Centaurea boissieri var. funkii (Sch.Bip. ex Willk.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 427 (1879)

= Centaurea boissieri var. nevadensis Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. 67 (1852)

= Centaurea bombycina subsp. funkii (Sch.Bip. ex Willk.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 202 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Centaurea funkii Sch.Bip. ex Willk.; Linnaea 25: 37 (1852)

subspecies :

subsp. integrifolia (Willk.) Blanca & Suár.-Sant.; Acta Bot. Malac. 36: 95 (2012)

Distribution: NE-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea boissieri subvar. integrifolia (Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 93 (1987 publ. 1988)

= Centaurea pinae var. integrifolia (Willk.) Blanca; Lagascalia 10: 170 (1982)

= Centaurea tenuifolia var. integrifolia Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 152 (1865)

subspecies :

subsp. mariolensis (Rouy) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 201 (1975 publ. 1976)

Distribution: E-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta boissieri subsp. mariolensis (Rouy) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 22 (1982)

= Centaurea boissieri var. mariolensis (Rouy) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 93 (1987 publ. 1988)

= Centaurea mariolensis Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 29: 110 (1882)

= Centaurea prostrata f. tenuisecta Pau; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 27: 435 (1898)

= Centaurea tenuifolia subsp. mariolensis (Rouy) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Barcelona, Ser. 3, 38: 10 (1967)

subspecies :

subsp. pinae (Pau) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 201 (1975 publ. 1976)

Distribution: E-Spain (Castellon, Teruel)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta pinae (Pau) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 22 (1982)

= Centaurea boissieri subvar. pinae (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17: 93 (1988)

= Centaurea boissieri var. pinae (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 93 (1987 publ. (1988)

= Centaurea pinae Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 1: 12 (1887), et Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 6: 61 (1907)

subspecies :

subsp. prostrata (Coss.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 201 (1976)

Distribution: SE-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta boissieri subsp. prostrata (Coss.) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 22 (1982)

= Centaurea prostrata Coss.; Notes Pl. Crit. 2(3): 115 (1851)

= Centaurea resupinata subsp. prostrata (Coss.) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

= Centaurea resupinata var. prostrata (Coss.) Amo; Fl. Fan. Penins. Ibérica 4: 344 (1872)

= Centaurea spachii subsp. prostrata (Coss.) Figuerola, Peris & Stübing; Feddes Repert. 102(1-2): 3 (1991)

subspecies :

subsp. transmalvana (Emb. & Maire) Breitw. & Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 22: 52 (1986)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea boissieri var. transmalvana Emb. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 21-22: 39 (1930)

subspecies :

subsp. willkommii (Sch.Bip.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 201 (1976)

Distribution: S- & SE-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta boissieri subsp. willkommii (Sch.Bip. ex Willk.) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 22 (1982)

= Centaurea pauneroi Talavera & J.Muñoz; Lagascalia 12(2): 250 (1984)

= Centaurea tenuifolia var. willkommii (Sch.Bip. ex Willk.) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 173 (1907)

= Centaurea willkommii Sch.Bip. ex Willk.; Linnaea 25: 36 (1852)

species :

Centaurea bojnordensis Ranjbar, Negaresh & Joharchi; Feddes Repert. 124(4): 116 (2014)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea bombycina Boiss. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 302 (1838)

subspecies :

subsp. bombycina

Distribution: S-Spain (mountains)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Willkommia

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta bombycina (Boiss.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 313 (1972)

= Centaurea aemula Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 2(1): 147 (1903)

= Centaurea amoi Campo ex Campo & Amo; Revista Progr. Ci. Exact. 5: 56 (1855)

= Centaurea boissieri subsp. amoi (Amo) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 427 (1879)

= Centaurea krassoensis Borbás ex J.Wagner; Magyar Bot. Lapok 6: 111 (1907)

subspecies :

subsp. xeranthemoides (Willk.) Blanca, Cueto & Quesada; Saussurea 19: 29 (1988 publ. 1989)

Distribution: S-Spain (Sa. del Manar)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea funkii var. xeranthemoides Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 154 (1865)

species :

Centaurea borjae Valdés Berm. & Rivas Goday; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 35: 160 (1978)

Distribution: NW-Spain (NE of La Coruna)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Subsect. Lagascanae

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada borjae (Valdés Berm. & Rivas Goday) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 20 (1982)

species :

Centaurea borysthenica Gruner; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 41(2): 426 (1868)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; E-European Russia; Ukraine

13 KOS ROM SRB 14 RUS UKR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea, arenaria agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta borysthenica (Gruner) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 133 (1972)

= Centaurea arenaria subsp. borysthenica (Gruner) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 197 (1976)

species :

Centaurea bourgaei Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 637 (1875)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos); Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 EAI TUR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus bourgaei (Boiss.) Wagenitz & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

species :

Centaurea bovina Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vĕstn. Král. České Společn. Nauk., Tř. Mat.-Přír.) 1889(2): 36 (1889)

Distribution: NE-Bulgaria; SC-Bulgaria; N- & NE-Greece (incl. Thasos)

13 BUL

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Cylindracea

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta bovina (Velen.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

species :

Centaurea breviceps Iljin; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 26: 33. 35 (1927)

Distribution: S-Ukraine (by the SE-bank of the lower Dnepr)

14 UKR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, Ser. Pseudophalolepis

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea margaritacea subsp. breviceps (Iljin) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 204 (1976)

species :

Centaurea bruguiereana (DC.) Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 27: 451 (1913)

subspecies :

subsp. bruguiereana

Name: Brugière-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Turkey (SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira); Saudi Arabia (Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia); Kuwait; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta, N. W. Frontier Prov., Pakistani Punjab)

11 ger 34 IRN IRQ SYR TUR 35 KUW SAU 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea bruguieriana var. spinosissima Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 60B: 214 (1939)

= Centaurea phyllocephala Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 134 (1846)

= Tetramorphaea bruguiereana DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 609 (1838)

subspecies :

subsp. belangeriana (DC.) Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 60B: 214 (1939)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (Nachichevan); Afghanistan (Badghys, Baghlan, Farah, Faryab, Helmand, Herat, Jawzjan / Sar-e-Pol, Kabul, Kandahar, Parwan, Qunduz, Samangan, Takhar); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta, Kurram, Peshawar); India (Punjab)

32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 AFG 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea belangeriana (DC.) Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: 66 (1885)

= Centaurea phyllocephala var. belangeriana (DC.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 684 (1875)

= Centaurea phyllocephala var. persica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 134 (1845)

= Tetramorphaea belangeriana DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 609 (1838)

species :

Centaurea brulla Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003), nom. nov.

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea apula Bianco & Brullo; Braun-Blanquetia 2: 32 (1988) (non Lam. 1785)

species :

Centaurea brunnea (Halácsy) Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 2: 135 (1902)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; NW-Greece

13 GRC KOS SRB

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. brunnea (Halácsy) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 205 (1976)

= Centaurea deusta var. brunnea Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 575 (1898)

= Centaurea splendens f. brunnea (Halácsy) Gajić; Fl. Srbije 7: 256 (1975)

species :

Centaurea bugellensis (Soldano) Soldano; Nat. Bresciana 30: 151 (1994)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea uniflora subsp. bugellensis Soldano; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 131(15): 250 (1991)

species :

Centaurea busambarensis Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 873 (1844)

Distribution: WC-Italy; C-Sicily; W-Sicily

13 ITA SIC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea, Ser. Pannophyllum

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta busambarensis (Guss.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

= Centaurea cineraria subsp. busambarensis (Guss.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 196 (1976)

= Centaurea cineraria var. busambarensis (Guss.) Sommier; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 1: 87 (1894)

species :

Centaurea cadmea Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 16 (1844)

subspecies :

subsp. cadmea

Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis

subspecies :

subsp. pontica Wagenitz ex Köse & Ocak; Nordic J. Bot. 28(4): 476 (2010)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea calabra G.Caruso, S.A.Giardina, Raimondo & Spadaro; Pl. Biosystems 147(3): 844 (2013)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis

species :

Centaurea calcitrapa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 917 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. calcitrapa

Name: Stern-Flockenblume (DE); Red Star-thistle (EN); Cardo estrellado (ES)

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], S-Scotland [I]); Norway [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Austria; Poland [I]; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera, Mallorca, Menorca); France [I]; +Channel Isl. [I] (+Guernsey [I], +Jersey [I]); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece ; Crete; Latvia [I]; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro); Cape Verde Isl. (Fogo Isl., Ilha Brava); Sudan; South Africa [I] (Free State [I], Cape Prov. [I]); East Aegaean Isl. (Samos, Lesvos, Kos, Tilos, Karpathos, Rhodos); Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Pakistan [I]; India (Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka [I]); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], +Victoria [I], +Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], California [I], District of Columbia [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Illinois [I], Iowa [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I]); Mexico [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I])

10 grb nor 11 AUT bgm ger HUN lux net pol SLO swi 12 BAL cis COR fra GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 KRY lat UKR 20 ALG EGY MOR TUN 21 CNY CVI MDR 24 SUD 27 saf 34 CYP EAI IRN LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 SAU 40 IND pak 50 aus 51 nzl 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 85 arg cle uru

Remarks: Subgen. Calcitrapa

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa calcitrapa (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 62 (1768)

= Calcitrapa calcitrapoides Hill.; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 62 (1768)

= Calcitrapa hippophaestrum G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.; Oekon. Fl. Wetterau 3: 178 (1801)

= Calcitrapa hybrida Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

= Calcitrapa hypophaestum Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: t. 163 (1791)

= Calcitrapa lanceolata Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 34 (1779)

= Calcitrapa myacantha Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 8: 251 (1817)

= Calcitrapa phoenicea Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

= Calcitrapa stellaris Hill; Herb. Brit. [Hill] 1: 76 (1769)

= Calcitrapa stellata (L.) Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 34 (1779)

= Calcitrapa vulgaris Bernh.; Syst. Verz. Pfl. Erfurt [Bernhardi] 158 (1800)

= Centaurea adulterina Moretti ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 596 (1838)

= Centaurea calcitrapa proles myacantha (DC.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 167 (1905)

= Centaurea calcitrapa subsp. horrida (Ten.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 396 (1882)

= Centaurea calcitrapa var. autumnalis DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 462 (1815)

= Centaurea calcitrapa var. brevispina Desv.; Observ. Pl. Angers 128 (1818)

= Centaurea calcitrapa var. gracilis Merino; Fl. Galicia [Merino] 2: 411 (1906)

= Centaurea calcitrapa var. microcephala Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 167 (1905)

= Centaurea calcitrapa var. myacantha (DC.) Coss. & Germ.; Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris 391 (1845)

= Centaurea calcitrapa var. pourretiana (Timb.-Lagr. & Thevenau) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 166 (1905)

= Centaurea calcitrapoides Gouan; Fl. Monsp. [Gouan] 461 (1764)

= Centaurea calcitrapoides L.; Cent. Pl. 1: 29 (1755)

= Centaurea calcitrapoides Thuill.; Fl. Env. Paris, éd. 2: 446 (1799), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea carduifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 208 (1796)

= Centaurea devauxii Boreau ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 431 (1879)

= Centaurea horrida Ten.; Index Sem. (Naples, Neapolitano) (1829) 15, Syll. 449

= Centaurea myacantha DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck] 4: 101 (1805)

= Centaurea penicillata Delile; Descr. Égypte, Hist. Nat. 74 (1813)

= Centaurea trichacantha Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 404 (1826)

= Hippophaestum vulgare (Bernh.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 443 (1821)

= Rhaponticum calcitrapa (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 136 (1771)

= Setachna calcitrapa (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 519 (1867)

subspecies :

subsp. angusticeps (H.Lindb.) Meikle; Fl. Cyprus [Meikle] 2: 971, 1897 (1985)

Distribution: Cyprus

34 CYP

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea angusticeps H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., n. s. 2: No. 7, 34 (1946)

= Calcitrapa angusticeps (H.Lindb.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 143 (1973)

subspecies :

subsp. cilicica (Boiss. & Balansa) Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(2): 230 (1974)

Distribution: Turkey (Cilicia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa cilicica (Boiss. & Balansa) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 143 (1973)

= Centaurea cilicica Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 5: 113 (1856)

species :

Centaurea caliacrae Prodan; Bul. Grad. Bot. Univ. Cluj 1928. 8: 127 (1929)

Distribution: SE-Romania; NE-Bulgaria

13 BUL ROM

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. caliacrae (Prodan) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 205 (1976)

species :

Centaurea calocephala Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 928 (1809)

Name: Schönköpfige Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria

13 ALB BIH BUL CRO KOS MNT NMA ROM SRB

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Orientales

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea atropurpurea var. flava M.Loehr; Enum. Fl. Deutschland 380 (1852)

= Centaurea atropurpurea Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2: 121 (1802) non Oliv. 1801

= Centaurea calophylla Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 173 (1821)

= Centaurea glauca Desf. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 587 (1838)

= Centaurea subalpina Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 407 (1866)

= Colymbada atropurpurea (Waldst. & Kit.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(31: 315 (1972)

= Cyanus atropurpureus (Waldst. & Kit.) Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 77 (1817)

species :

Centaurea calolepis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 129 (1846)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta calolepis (Boiss.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11(1): 80 (1976)

species :

Centaurea camelorum Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vĕstn. Král. České Společn. Nauk., Tř. Mat.-Přír.) 1911: 9 (1912)

Distribution: Saudi Arabia (N-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia)

35 SAU

species :

Centaurea cankiriensis H.Duman & A.Duran; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 39: 43 (2002)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea caprina Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29(2): 394 (1856)

Distribution: Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus

14 KRY MLD UKR 33 NCS

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea, ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea koktebelica Klokov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 28: 528, 617 (1963)

= Centaurea ovina subsp. caprina (Steven) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(3): 119 (2000)

= Centaurea ovina subsp. koktebelica (Klokov) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 198 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Centaurea vicina Lipsky; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 13: 312 (1894)

species :

Centaurea carduiformis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 590 (1838)

subspecies :

subsp. carduiformis

Distribution: Germany [I]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, Central Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran); Syria (C-Syrian Desert)

11 ger 33 ARM AZE 34 IRN SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea albiflora K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 430 (1851)

= Centaurea bicolor K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 428 (1851)

= Centaurea recurvata K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 428 (1851)

= Centaurea zederbaueri Hayek; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 20: 425 (1905)

= Colymbada carduiformis (DC.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. iranica Wagenitz; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139b: 391 (1980)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

subspecies :

subsp. orientalis Wagenitz; Willdenowia 6(3): 496 (1972)

Distribution: Turkey; Iran

34 IRN TUR

variant :

var. thrinciifolia (DC.) Wagenitz; Willdenowia 6(3): 496 (1972)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea thrinciifolia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 590 (1838)

= Colymbada thrinciifolia (DC.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 316 (1972)

species :

Centaurea cariensiformis Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 7: 179 (1982)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

species :

Centaurea cariensis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 19 (1844)

subspecies :

subsp. cariensis

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta cariensis (Boiss.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 142 (1973)

subspecies :

subsp. longipapposa Wagenitz; Willdenowia 6(3): 487 (1972)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

subspecies :

subsp. maculiceps (O.Schwarz) Wagenitz; Willdenowia 6(3): 485 (1972)

Name: Karische Flockenblume (DE); Carian Star-thistle (EN)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Samos, Rhodos); Turkey (Lydia)

34 EAI TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea maculiceps O.Schwarz; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 148 (1934)

subspecies :

subsp. microlepis (Boiss.) Wagenitz; Willdenowia 6(3): 487 (1972)

Distribution: Turkey (Lycia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea microlepis Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 651 (1875)

subspecies :

subsp. niveotomentosa (Hub.-Mor.) Wagenitz; Willdenowia 6(3): 486 (1972)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea niveotomentosa Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 3: 320 (1967)

species :

Centaurea carniolica Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 2: 517 (1831)

Name: Wocheiner Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria; Hungary; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia

11 AUT ger HUN 13 CRO ITA SLV

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea dubia f. flosculosa (Rchb.) Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 210 (1919)

= Centaurea dubia subsp. vochinensis (W.D.J.Koch) Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 210 (1919)

= Centaurea dubia var. pseudocandollei (Gugler) Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 211 (1919)

= Centaurea dubia var. tomentosa (Rchb.) Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 211 (1919)

= Centaurea nigrescens subsp. vochinensis (W.D.J.Koch) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 421 (1879)

= Centaurea nigrescens var. capitata W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 410 (1837)

= Centaurea nigrescens var. vochinensis W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 2: 469 (1844)

= Centaurea vochinensis Bernh. ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 214 (1831), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea vochinensis var. flosculosa Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 214 (1832)

= Jacea carniolica (Host) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 229 (1974)

= Jacea nigrescens subsp. vochinensis (Bernh. ex Rchb.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

species :

Centaurea caroli-henrici Gabrieljan & Dittrich; Candollea 48(1): 245 (1993)

Distribution: Armenia

33 ARM

Synonyms: hidden

= Grossheimia caroli-henrici (Gabrieljan & Dittrich) Gabrieljan; Fl. Armen. 9: 332 (1995)

species :

Centaurea carolipauana Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 1: 2 (1982), nom. nov.

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea prolongi subsp. macrocephala (Pau & Font Quer) Fern.Casas; Mem. Soc. Bot. Genève 1: 119 (1979)

= Centaurea prolongoi var. macrocephala Pau & Font Quer; Iter Marocc. [Font Quer], Exsicc. 1930: no. 702 (1931)

= Colymbada carolipauana (Fern.Casas & Susanna) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 21 (1982)

species :

Centaurea carratracensis Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 4, 3: 94 (1882)

Distribution: S-Spain (Málaga)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Willkommia

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta carratracensis (Lange) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

species :

Centaurea carystea Trigas & Constantin; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 158: 764 (2008)

Distribution: Greece (S-Evvoia)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea, Ser. Acrolophus, related to C. pelia

species :

Centaurea caspia Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim] 4: 219 (1934)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan

33 ARM AZE NCS

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

species :

Centaurea cassia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 108 (1849)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea castellanoides Talavera; Lagascalia 12(2): 271 (1984), nom. nov.

subspecies :

subsp. castellanoides

Distribution: S- & SE-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea castellana var. baetica (Pau) Cuatrec.; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sér. Bot. 12: 468 (1929), nom. inval.

= Centaurea micrantha var. baetica Pau; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sér. Bot. 12: 468 (1929), pro syn.

= Centaurea paniculata subvar. escobilla Coss. ex Arènes; Agron. Lusit. 11: 19 (1949)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. cossoniana (Arènes) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 199 (1976)

= Centaurea paniculata var. cossoniana Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 1(2): 200 (1951)

subspecies :

subsp. arundana E.López & Devesa; Acta Bot. Malac. 33: 60 (2008)

Distribution: S-Spain (Cadiz, Malaga)

12 SPA

subspecies :

subsp. talaverae E.López & Devesa; Acta Bot. Malac. 33: 60 (2008)

Distribution: SE- & EC-Spain

12 SPA

species :

Centaurea cataonica Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 669 (1875)

subspecies :

subsp. cataonica

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Phaeopappus cataonicus Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 596 (1875)

= Cheirolepis cataonica (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Czerep.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 469 (1960)

subspecies :

subsp. syriaca Negaresh; Phytotaxa 363(1): 32 (2018)

Distribution: Syria

34 SYR

species :

Centaurea celikhanensis (Kaya, Negaresh, Ateý & Özel) comb.ined.

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus celikhanensis Kaya, Negaresh, Ateý & Özel; Fresenius Environm. Bull. 27(4) 2585, figs. 1-2 (2018)

species :

Centaurea centauroides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 918 (1753)

Distribution: S-Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Acrocentron

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa centauroides Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

= Centaurea latifolia Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 487 (1807)

= Centaurea neglecta Besser; Enum. Pl. [Besser] 35 (1822)

= Crepula centauroides Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 58 (1768)

= Rhaponticum centauroides G.Don ex Loudon; Encyc. Pl. [Loudon], ed. 2, Suppl. 2: 1440 (1855)

species :

Centaurea cephalariifolia Willk.; Flora 34: 762 (1851)

Distribution: N- & C-Spain; Andorra; S-France

12 ADO FRA SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Lopholoma

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea scabiosa subsp. cephalariifolia (Willk.) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. cephalariifolia (Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 92 (1987 publ. (1988)

= Colymbada cephalariifolia (Willk.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

species :

Centaurea ceratophylla Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1: 51 (1811), et Cat. Hort. Neapol. 1813 App. (ed. alt.) 72 (1819)

subspecies :

subsp. ceratophylla

Distribution: Italy (N-Appennini, C-Appennini)

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea rupestris subsp. ceratophylla (Ten.) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 194 (1907)

= Colymbada ceratophylla (Ten.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

= Colymbada rupestris subsp. ceratophylla (Ten.) Banfi, Galasso & Soldano; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 146(2): 224 (2005)

subspecies :

subsp. danielae F.Conti, Moraldo & Ricceri; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 48(3): 209 (2011)

Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina

13 BIH CRO

species :

Centaurea chalcidicea Hayek; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 64: 359 (1914)

Distribution: WC-Greece (S-Pindos etc.)

Error

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta chalcidicea (Hayek) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

= Centaurea affinis subsp. chalcidicea (Hayek) T.Georgiadis; Contr. Phylogén. Centaurea L. (sect. Acrolophus (Cass.) DC.) en Grèce 38 (1980)

species :

Centaurea charrelii Halácsy & Dörfl.; Jahreskat. Wiener Bot. Tauschvereins 1894: 6 (1894)

Distribution: North Macedonia; N-Greece (near Edessa)

13 GRC NMA

Remarks: Subgen. Cynaroides

species :

Centaurea cheiranthifolia Willd.; Phytographia 1: 12, t. 7 (1794)

subspecies :

subsp. cheiranthifolia

Distribution: Sweden [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

10 swe 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea axillaris var. ochroleuca (Pushk. ex Willd.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 636 (1875)

= Centaurea cheiranthifolia var. purpurascens (DC.) Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(2): 230 (1974)

= Centaurea fischeri subsp. cheiranthifolia (Willd.) Sosn.; Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 2: 86 (1926)

= Centaurea fischeri Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. Suppl. [Willdenow] 61 (1814)

= Centaurea montana var. albida DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 579 (1838)

= Centaurea montana var. citrina DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 579 (1838)

= Centaurea montana var. purpurascens A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 579 (1838)

= Centaurea ochroleuca Pushk. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2289 (1803)

= Cyanus cheiranthifolius (Willd.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 131 (1972)

= Cyanus cheiranthifolius var. purpurascens (A.DC.) Negaresh; Phytotaxa 531(1): 22 (2022)

= Cyanus fischeri (Willd.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 131 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. willdenowii (Czerep.) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 84(9): 104 (1999)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan

33 AZE GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea willdenowii Czerep.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 28: 398, 608 (1963)

= Cyanus cheiranthifolius subsp. willdenowii (Czerep.) Greuter; Willdenowia 35(2): 229 (2005)

= Cyanus willdenowii (Czerep.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

species :

Centaurea cheirolepidoides Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 221 (1974)

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea cheirolopha (Fenzl) Wagenitz; Willdenowia 2: 466 (1961)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains)

34 LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea cheiracantha Fenzl; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 693 (1875)

= Centaurea stevenii Kotschy; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 693 (1875), nom. inval.

= Chartolepis cheirolopha Fenzl; Asie Min., Bot. [P.A.Tchichatscheff] 2: 324 (1860)

species :

Centaurea chrysantha Wagenitz; Willdenowia 6: 504 (1972)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea chrysoleuca var. eriophylla Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 678 (1875)

= Centaurea eriophylla (Boiss.) Boiss. & Balansa ex Bornm.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 23: 33 (1919)

= Centaurea eriophylla Boiss. & Balansa; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 678 (1875)

= Colymbada chrysantha (Wagenitz) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 143 (1973)

species :

Centaurea chrysocephala Phitos & T.Georgiadis; Biol. & Ecol. Medit. 4(1): 4 (1977 publ. 1978)

Distribution: NW-Greece (mountains)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis

species :

Centaurea chrysolepis Vis.; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 9: 172 (1860)

Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Bulgaria

13 BIH BUL KOS MNT SRB

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Orientales

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea chrysolepis f. subcitrina Gajić; Glasn. Prír. Mus. Beogradu, Ser. B, Biol. Nauke 27: 34 (1972)

= Centaurea orientalis var. armata Pančić; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Vereins Wien 6: 556 (1856)

= Colymbada chrysolepis (Vis.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 143 (1973)

species :

Centaurea cineraria L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 912 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. cineraria

Distribution: Baleares (Mallorca); France; Monaco; Corsica; Italy; Australia [I] (South Australia [I]); New Zealand [I]; Cuba [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Bolivia [I]

12 BAL COR FRA MCO 13 ITA 50 aus 51 nzl 81 cub his 83 bol

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea, Ser. Pannophyllum

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta cineraria (L.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

= Acosta cinerea (Lam.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 303 (1977)

= Centaurea acutifolia Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 899, Index (1866), non Jord. 1852

= Centaurea candidissima Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 669 (1785), nom. superfl.

= Centaurea cineraria subsp. cinerea (Lam.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 196 (1976), nom. inval.

= Centaurea cinerea Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 669 (1785), nom. superfl.

= Centaurea elegans Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 207 (1796), nom. superfl.

= Centaurea prostrata A.Huet ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 425 (1879) non Coss.

= Jacea cineraria (L.) Delarbre; Fl. Auvergne [Delarbre], éd. 2, 200 (1800)

= Menomphalus cineraria (L.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 33 (1874)

= Staebe cineraria (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 65 (1768)

subspecies :

subsp. circae (Sommier) Cela Renz. & Viegi; Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat. Pisa, Mem., Ser. B 89: 113 (1982 publ. 1983)

Distribution: S-Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea cineraria var. circae Sommier; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 1: 87 (1894)

subspecies :

subsp. sirenum (Lacaita) Pignatti & Iamonico ex Iamonico & Del Guacchio; Turk. J. Bot. 44(4): 448 (2020)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea cineraria var. sirenum Lacaita; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 22: 242 (1915)

species :

Centaurea cithaeronea Phitos & Constantin.; Fl. Medit. 3: 273 (1993)

Distribution: C-Greece (NW of Athens)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis

species :

Centaurea citricolor Font Quer; Ill. Fl. Occid. 7 (1926)

Distribution: S-Spain (Sa. Morena)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Willkommia

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta citricolor (Font Quer) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 22 (1982)

= Centaurea monticola subsp. citricolor (Font Quer) Rivas Mart., A.Asensi, Molero Mesa & F.Valle; Rivasgodaya 6: 23 (1991)

species :

Centaurea clementei Boiss. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 303 (1838)

Distribution: S-Spain; NW-Morocco

12 SPA 20 MOR

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Orientales

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ragusina Clemente; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 346 (1840)

= Colymbada clementei (Boiss.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

species :

Centaurea codringtonii Rech.f.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 97: 253 (1950)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan, Ghazni, Ghorat, Jawzjan / Sar-e-Pol, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi, Parwan)

34 AFG

Synonyms: hidden

= Chartolepis umesaoi Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 17: 33 (1957)

species :

Centaurea codruensis Prodan; Centaur. Román. 155 (1930)

Distribution: Romania (Galati)

13 ROM

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea. Status uncertain, near C. kanitziana

species :

Centaurea collina L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 918 (1753)

Name: Hügel-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; E-Spain; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera); France; Corsica; Italy

11 ger 12 BAL COR FRA SPA 13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Acrocentron

Synonyms: hidden

= Acrocentron collinum (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 37 (1826)

= Calcitrapa collina (L.) Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 33 (1779)

= Centaurea cicutifolia Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 2: 849 (1815)

= Colymbada collina (L.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

= Setachna collina (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 520 (1867)

species :

Centaurea conocephala Bolle; Bonplandia (Hannover) 8: 134 (1860)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)

21 CNY

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Centaurea consanguinea DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 585 (1838)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta consanguinea (DC.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 313 (1972)

= Centaurea argyrocephala Freyn & Sint.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 42: 240 (1892)

species :

Centaurea corcubionensis M.Laínz; Anales Inst. Forest. Invest. 12 (Aport. Conoc. Fl. Gallega 5): 40 (1967)

Distribution: NW-Spain (La Coruna)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Lepteranthus

Synonyms: hidden

= Jacea corcubionensis (M.Laínz) M.Laínz; Fontqueria 3: 39 (1983)

species :

Centaurea cordubensis Font Quer; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 1: 310 (1947)

Distribution: S-Portugal; SW-Spain

12 POR SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea paniculata var. marianica Pau; Bol. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., Tomo Extr. 294 (1921)

species :

Centaurea corymbosa Pourr.; Hist. & Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Toulouse 3: 310 (1788)

Distribution: SE-France (near Narbonne)

12 FRA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Maculosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta corymbosa (Pourr.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

= Centaurea hybrida All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 161 (1785)

= Centaurea maculosa subsp. corymbosa (Pourr.) R.C.V.Douin; Fl. Ill. France 6: 42 (1923)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. corymbosa (Pourr.) Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 1: 212 (1951)

species :

Centaurea costae Willk.; Linnaea 30: 115 (1859 publ. 1860)

Distribution: NE-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. costae (Willk.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 205 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Centaurea alba var. costae (Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 91 (1987 publ. 1988)

= Centaurea aragonensis Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 2: 162 (1899)

= Centaurea pinae var. aragonensis (Bubani) J.M.Monts.; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 15: 329 (1984)

variant :

var. maluqueri Font Quer; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 5: 230 (1920)

Distribution: NE-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. maluqueri (Font Quer) Molero & Vigo; Treb. Inst. Bot. Barcelona 6: 24 (1981)

= Centaurea alba var. cinerascens (Bubani) J.M.Monts.; Fl. Veg. Sierra de Guara 195 (1986)

= Centaurea alba var. maluqueri (Font Quer) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 91 (1987 publ. (1988)

= Centaurea cinerascens Bubani; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 5: 319 (1873)

variant :

var. montsicciana Pau & Font Quer ex Font Quer; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 5: 230 (1920)

Distribution: NE-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. ciliata (Font Quer ex O.Bolòs & Vigo) Greuter; Willdenowia 35(2): 227 (2005)

= Centaurea alba subsp. montsicciana (Pau & Font Quer) Romo; Fl. Veg. Montsec 304 (1989)

= Centaurea alba var. ciliata Font Quer ex O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 92 (1987 publ. 1988)

= Centaurea alba var. montsicciana (Pau & Font Quer ex Font Quer) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 92 (1987 publ. (1988)

= Centaurea biformis var. oscilans Pau & Font Quer; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 5: 229 (1920)

= Centaurea leucophaea var. oscilans (Pau & Font Quer) Romo; Fl. Veg. Montsec 302 (1989)

species :

Centaurea coziensis Nyár.; Bul. Şti. Acad. Republ. Populare Române, Secţ. Şti. Biol. Agron. Geol. Geogr. 7: 230 (1955), et in Rev. Biol., Roumaine 1: No. 2, 37 (1956)

Distribution: Romania

13 ROM

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Maculosae, stoebe agg.

species :

Centaurea cristata Bartl.; Beitr. Bot. [Bartling & Wendland] 2: 119 (1825)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro

11 ger 13 CRO ITA MNT SLV

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, spinosociliata agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta cristata (Bartl.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 313 (1972)

= Centaurea acutiloba DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 581 (1838)

= Centaurea karschiana Auersw. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 426 (1879)

= Centaurea paniculata Pett. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 426, 427 (1879)

= Centaurea rabenhorstiana Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 426 (1879)

= Centaurea scopolii Vest; Flora 12(1. Ergänzungsbl.): 31 (1829)

= Centaurea spinosociliata subsp. cristata (Bartl.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 198 (1976)

species :

Centaurea crithmifolia Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 2: 40 (1847)

Distribution: Croatia

13 CRO

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Pannophyllum

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta crithmifolia (Vis.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 313 (1972)

species :

Centaurea crnogorica Rohlena; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 33 (1921)

Distribution: Montenegro

13 MNT

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Orientales

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea chrysolepis subsp. crnogorica (Rohlena) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 751 (1931)

species :

Centaurea cuneifolia Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 2: 198 (1813)

subspecies :

subsp. cuneifolia

Distribution: Bulgaria; European Turkey; NE-Greece; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, WN-Anatolia)

13 BUL GRC TUE 34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Maculosae, stoebe agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta cuneifolia (Sm.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 313 (1972)

= Acosta nicopolitana (Bornm.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

= Acosta oviceps (Bornm.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

= Centaurea cylindrocarpa Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 15: 34, t. 781 (1852)

= Centaurea lyrophylla Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 238 (1846)

= Centaurea maculosa Noë ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 425 (1879), nom. inval.

= Centaurea nicopolitana Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 40: 374 (1936)

= Centaurea oviceps Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 455 (1921)

subspecies :

subsp. pallida (Friv.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 763 (1931)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (N- & NC-Greece)

13 ALB BUL GRC KOS NMA ROM SRB TUE

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta pallida (Friv.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

= Acosta pallida (Friv.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 134 (1972)

= Acosta sublanata (DC.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 143 (1973)

= Centaurea ciliata Friv.; Flora 18: 334 (1835)

= Centaurea cuneifolia subsp. sublanata (DC.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 763 (1931)

= Centaurea cuneifolia var. sublanata (DC.) T.Georgiadis; Contr. Phylogén. Centaurea L. (sect. Acrolophus (Cass.) DC.) en Grèce 30 (1980)

= Centaurea karstiana Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 240 (1846)

= Centaurea pallida Friv.; Flora 18: 333 (1835)

= Centaurea paniculata var. sublanata DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 584 (1838)

= Centaurea sublanata (DC.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 645 (1875)

= Centaurea sublanata var. litochorensis O.Behr, E.Behr & J.Wagner; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 51(2): 349 (1944)

species :

Centaurea cuspidata Vis.; Flora 12 (Ergänz. 1): 22 (1829)

Distribution: Croatia (S of Split)

13 CRO

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Pannophyllum, cuspidata agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta cuspidata (Vis.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

species :

Centaurea cyanoides Berggr. & Wahlenb.; Resor Eur. Österland. [Berggren] 2, Bihang 65 (1826)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Cyprus (N-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania)

11 ger 34 CYP ISR JOR LEB SYR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus cyanoides (Berggr. & Wahlenb.) Wagenitz & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

species :

Centaurea cyanomorpha Stef. & T.Georgiev; Spis. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 44: 181 (1931)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea diospolitana (Bancheva & Stoyanov) Bancheva; Int. J. Pl. Sci. 172: 244 (2011)

= Cyanus cyanomorphus (Stef. & T.Georgiev) Stoyanov; Phytotaxa 268(1): 52 (2016)

= Cyanus diospolitanus Bancheva & Stoyanov; Novon 19: 421 (2009)

species :

Centaurea cyanus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 911 (1753)

Name: Echte Kornblume (DE); Cornflower, Bachelor´s Button (EN)

Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides [I], Orkney Isl. [I], Shetland Isl. [I], Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares (Mallorca, Menorca); France; Channel Isl. (+Alderney, Guernsey, Sark, Jersey); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread on mainland, Samothraki, Limnos); Crete; S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Tunisia [I]; South Africa [I]; Siberia [I] (Altai [I], Buryatia [I], Chita [I], Irkutsk [I], Krasnoyarsk [I], W-Siberia [I], Yakutia [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Amur [I], Kamchatka [I], Khabarovsk [I], Magadan [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Samos, Kos, Nisyros, Symi, Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (W-Iran); Lebanon; Syria; NW-China [I]; South Korea [I]; Pakistan (Baluchistan); Nepal [I]; Bhutan [I]; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand); Bangladesh [I]; Vietnam [I]; Java [I]; New Zealand [I]; Hawaii [I] (Lanai [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Alaska [I]; Greenland [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland. Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Yukon [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], Nevada [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Mexico [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Cuba [c]; Hispaniola [c]; Puerto Rico [c]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Aisén [I]); Falkland Isl. [I]

10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 alg mor tun 27 saf 30 sib 31 rfe 32 KAZ tkm tzk uzb 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 EAI IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 36 chi 38 kor 40 ban bhu IND nep PAK 41 vie 42 jaw 51 nzl 63 haw 70 ask cdn gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 els hon 81 cub his pue 82 clm 83 ecu 85 arg cle 91 fal

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea cyaneum St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 122 (1880), nom. inval.

= Centaurea cyanocephala Velen.; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 7, 1(8): 26 (1886)

= Centaurea cyanus subsp. coa Rech.f.; Phyton (Horn) 1: 216 (1949)

= Centaurea cyanus var. denudata Suksd.; Werdenda 1: 43 (1927)

= Centaurea cyanus var. violacea J.J.Schmitz & Regel; Fl. Bonn. 276 (1841)

= Centaurea hoffmanniana Asch.; Fl. Nordostdeut. Flachl. 752 (1899)

= Centaurea hortorum Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 1: 12 (1887)

= Centaurea lanata Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 62 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 444 (1832)

= Centaurea pulcherrima Wight ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 578 (1838), nom. inval.

= Centaurea pulchra DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 578 (1837)

= Centaurea rhizocephala Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 2: 476 (1873)

= Centaurea segetalis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 207 (1796)

= Centaurea umbrosa A.Huet & Reut.; Cat. Graines Jard. Bot. Genève 4 (1856)

= Cyanus arvensis Moench; Methodus [Moench] 561 (1794)

= Cyanus cyanus (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 64 (1768)

= Cyanus dentato-folius Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 191 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Cyanus segetum Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 29 (1762)

= Cyanus vulgaris Delarbre; Fl. Auvergne [Delarbre], éd. 2, 203 (1800)

= Jacea segetalis Lam. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 795 (1841)

= Jacea segetum (Hill) Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 54 (1779)

= Leucacantha cyanus (L.) Nieuwl. & Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 5: 71 (1917)

= Setachna cyanus (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 520 (1867)

species :

Centaurea cylindrocephala Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 453 (1921)

Distribution: North Macedonia; N-Greece

13 GRC NMA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Maculosae, stoebe agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea biebersteinii subsp. cylindrocephala (Bornm.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 201 (1976)

species :

Centaurea cyprensis (Holub) T.Georgiadis; Willdenowia 23(1-2): 161 (1993)

Distribution: Cyprus (S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus)

34 CYP

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta cyprensis Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 18(2): 204 (1983) (nom. nov.)

= Centaurea aksamica Soldano; Compositae Newslett. 32: 17 (1998), nom. nov.

= Centaurea veneris B.L.Burtt & P.H.Davis; Kew Bull. [3]: 104 (1948 publ. 1949)

species :

Centaurea cyrenaica Bég. & Vacc.; Sp. Rare Fl. Libia 3 (1912)

Distribution: Libya (Cyrenaica)

20 LBY

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis

species :

Centaurea dalmatica A.Kern.; Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. [Kerner] 1: 87 (1881), in adnot.

Distribution: Slovenia (Dalmatia)

13 SLV

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta dalmatica (A.Kern.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 313 (1972)

species :

Centaurea damascena Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 112 (1849)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (Negev Desert, S-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania)

34 ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea

species :

Centaurea daneshvarii Negaresh & Oreizi; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 59(1): 202 (2022)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea daralagoezica (Fomin) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (Nachichevan)

33 ARM AZE

Remarks: Subgen. Tomanthea

Synonyms: hidden

= Phaeopappus daralagoezicus Fomin; Izv. Kavkazsk. Muz. 3: 282 (1903 publ. 1907)

= Tomanthea daralagoezica (Fomin) Takht.; Trudy Biol. Inst. Armyansk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 242 (1939), et Trud. Bot. Inst. Armf. 2: 34 (1941)

species :

Centaurea davisii Wagenitz; Willdenowia 6: 497, t. 3 (1972)

Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq)

34 IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada davisii (Wagenitz) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

species :

Centaurea debdouensis Breitw. & Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 22: 54 (1986)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Willkommia

species :

Centaurea debeauxii Godr. & Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 243 (1850)

Distribution: N-Spain; SW-France; Uruguay [I]

12 FRA SPA 85 uru

Remarks: subgen. Jacea

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea jacea subsp. debeauxii (Godr. & Gren.) R.C.V.Douin; Fl. Ill. France 6: 44 (1923)

= Centaurea nigra subsp. debeauxii (Godr. & Gren.) Arènes; Centaurea Fr. sous-sect. Eu-Jacea 26 (1939), isonym

= Centaurea nigra subsp. debeauxii (Godr. & Gren.) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 79 (1907)

= Centaurea nigra subsp. debeauxii (Godr. & Gren.) Malag.; Subesp. Variación Geogr. 15 (1973), isonym

= Centaurea pratensis proles debeauxii (Godr.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 127 (1905)

= Centaurea pratensis f. debeauxii (Godr. & Gren.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 127 (1905)

= Centaurea pratensis subsp. debeauxii (Godr. & Gren.) Sudre; Fl. Toulous. 119 (1907)

= Jacea debeauxii (Godr. & Gren.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 145 (1973)

= Jacea nemoralis subsp. debeauxii (Gren. & Godr.) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 14 (1984)

species :

Centaurea decipiens Thuill.; Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2: 445 (1799)

subspecies :

subsp. decipiens

Name: Täuschende Wiesen-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland); Switzerland; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Italy

10 DEN NOR SWE 11 BGM GER LUX NET SWI 12 ADO COR FRA SPA 13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Fimbriatae. Status somewhat uncertain, frequently treated as stabilized hybrid

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea amara subsp. serotina (Boreau) Berher; Fl. Vosges [Louis], éd. 2: 140 (1887)

= Centaurea amara var. serotina (Boreau) St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 425 (1889)

= Centaurea crocata Gand.; Obs. Centaurea 13 (1873)

= Centaurea gradata (Rouy) Soest; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 54: 98 (1947)

= Centaurea jacea nothosubsp. decipiens (Thuill.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 421 (1879)

= Centaurea jacea proles decipiens (Thuill.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 119 (1905)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. decipiens (Thuill.) Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2(2) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2): 250 (1871)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. serotina (Dubois) E.H.L.Deutschl.Fl.; Sturm], ed. 2, Abbild., 14: 39 (1906

= Centaurea jacea var. decipiens (Thuill.) W.D.J.Koch & Ziz; Cat. Pl. Palat. 15 (1814)

= Centaurea jacea var. lacera W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 2: 469 (1844)

= Centaurea jacea var. serotina (Dubois) Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 202 (1919)

= Centaurea nigra nothosubsp. decipiens (Thuill.) H.P.Fuchs; Feddes Repert. 90: 631 (1980)

= Centaurea nigra var. decipiens (Thuill.) Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 337 (1812)

= Centaurea nigrescens nothosubsp. serotina (Dubois) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 421 (1879)

= Centaurea nigrescens subsp. serotina (Boreau) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 421 (1879)

= Centaurea pratensis proles gradata Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 125 (1905)

= Centaurea pratensis proles serotina (Boreau) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 125 (1905)

= Centaurea pratensis subsp. decipiens (Thuill.) Corb.; Nouv. Fl. Normandie 352 (1894)

= Centaurea pratensis subsp. gradata (Rouy) P.Fourn.; Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç. 294 (1928)

= Centaurea pratensis subsp. serotina (Boreau) Sudre; Fl. Toulous. 119 (1907)

= Centaurea queyrasensis Arènes; Bull. Soc. Franç. Échange Pl. Vasc. 2(1): 43 (1949)

subspecies :

subsp. microptilon (Godr.) G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 118 (2010)

Distribution: Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz, Baden-Württemberg, Nordrhein-Westfalen, etc.); Spain; France

11 BGM GER LUX NET 12 FRA SPA

Remarks: transitional between C. decipiens and C. jacea

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea jacea subsp. microptilon (Godr.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 44 (1923)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. microptilon (Godr.) E.Sauer; Natur & Landschaft Saarland, Sonderband 5: 149 (1993), isonym

= Centaurea jacea subsp. microptilon (Godr.) R.C.V.Douin; Fl. Ill. France 6: 44 (1923)

= Centaurea jacea var. microptilon (Godr.) Briq.; Monogr. Centaurées Alpes Marit. 77 (1902)

= Centaurea microptilon Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 242 (1851)

= Centaurea nigra subsp. microptilon (Godr.) Malag.; Subesp. Variación Geogr. 15 (1973), without basionym date

= Centaurea nigra subsp. microptilon (Godr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 428 (1879)

= Centaurea nigrescens var. microptilon (Godr.) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 69 (1907)

= Centaurea pratensis subsp. microptilon (Godr.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 126 (1905)

= Centaurea pratensis subsp. microptilon Sudre; Fl. Toulous. 119 (1907)

= Centaurea vulgaris Godr.; Fl. Lorraine 2: 53 (1843), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea vulgaris var. microptilon Godr.; Fl. Lorraine 2: 54 (1843)

= Jacea microptilon (Godr.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 145 (1973)

subspecies :

subsp. ruscinonensis (Boiss.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 206 (1975 publ. 1976)

Distribution: Spain; France

12 FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea jacea nothovar. ruscinonensis (Boiss.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 92 (1987 publ. 1988)

= Centaurea jacea proles ruscinonensis (Boiss.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 120 (1905)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. ruscinonensis (Boiss.) P.Fourn.; Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç. 293 (1928)

= Centaurea jacea var. lamyi (Lamotte) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 120 (1905)

= Centaurea ruscinonensis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 70 (1856)

= Centaurea ×decipiens nothosubsp. ruscinonensis (Boiss.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 206 (1976)

= Centaurea ×jacea nothof. ruscinonensis (Boiss.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 120 (1905), pro "forme"

= Centaurea ×jacea nothosubsp. ruscinonensis (Boiss.) P.Fourn.; Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç. 293 (1928)

species :

Centaurea degeniana H.Wagner; Magyar Bot. Lapok 6: 114 (1907)

Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria

13 BUL ROM

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Status uncertain, probably a hybrid

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea phrygia subsp. degeniana (H.Wagner) Stoj. & Acht.

= Jacea degeniana (H.Wagner) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 145 (1973)

species :

Centaurea degenianiformis Prodan; Analele Acad. Republ. Populare Románe 3(18): 678 (1950)

Distribution: Romania

13 ROM

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Status uncertain, probably a hybrid

species :

Centaurea delbesiana Arènes; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 14: 187 (1952)

Distribution: Iraq (W-Iraq: Desert); Syria (C-Syrian Desert)

34 IRQ SYR

species :

Centaurea delicatula Breitw. & Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 22: 59 (1986)

Distribution: Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG TUN

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Willkommia

species :

Centaurea delucae C.Guarino & Rampone; Bocconea 19: 85 (2006), nom. nov.

Distribution: C-Italy (C-Appennini)

13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ambigua subsp. nigra (Fiori) Pignatti; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 113: 367 (1980)

= Centaurea dissecta var. montium Gugler

= Centaurea dissecta var. nigra Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 335 (1904)

= Centaurea parlatoris subsp. nigra (Fiori) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 197 (1976)

species :

Centaurea demetrii Dumbadze; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 5(2): 49 (1946)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea, ovina agg.

species :

Centaurea demirizii Wagenitz; Willdenowia 2: 456, f. 1 (1961)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Chartolepis demirizii (Wagenitz) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 143 (1973)

species :

Centaurea demirkapiensis Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki, Makedonska Akad. Nauk Umet. 8(1-2): 49 (1987 publ. 1990)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

species :

Centaurea depressa M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 346 (1808)

Name: Low cornflower (EN), Orient-Kornblume (DE)

Distribution: Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; Spain [I]; France [I]; Sicily [I]; Bulgaria [I]; European Turkey; E-Crete (very rare); Belarus; Ukraine; Crimea [I]; Tunisia [I]; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos); Turkey (Central Anatolia, E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Herat, Kabul, Logar, Kandahar, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Takhar); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram); NW-India (Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir); USA [I] (Maryland [I], Nevada [I])

11 bgm ger 12 fra spa 13 bul KRI sic TUE 14 BLR kry UKR 20 tun 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG EAI IRN IRQ TUR 40 IND PAK 76 usa 78 usa

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea anatolica Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 234 (1846)

= Centaurea depressa var. amasiana Bornm.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 4: 260 (1905)

= Centaurea pygmaea Hoffm.; Hort. Mosq. no. 783 (1808)

= Centaurea rivasmateoi Ladero; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 27: 87 (1970)

= Cyanus depressus (M.Bieb.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 131 (1972)

species :

Centaurea derderiifolia Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 171, t. 13 (1963)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea derventana Vis. & Pančić; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 12: 472 (1864)

Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo

13 BIH KOS SRB

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Pannophyllum, cuspidata agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta derventana (Vis. & Pančić) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

= Centaurea incompta subsp. derventana (Vis. & Pančić) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 198 (1976)

species :

Centaurea deusta Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1: 51 (1811)

subspecies :

subsp. deusta

Name: Glanz-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Belgium; Germany [I]; Switzerland; Italy; Sicily; Malta; San Marino; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (NW- & NC-Greece)

11 BGM ger SWI 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA SIC SMA SRB

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba f. titani Pamp.; Boll. Mus. Republ. San Marino 4: 117 (1920)

= Centaurea alba subsp. deusta (Ten.) Ces.; Not. Nat. Civ. Lombardia [Cattaneo] 1: 302 (1844)

= Centaurea alba subsp. deusta (Ten.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 420 (1879), isonym

= Centaurea deusta var. tenuisecta Arcang.; Index Sem. (Florence) 1877: [2] (1877)

= Centaurea splendens f. pseudodeusta (Hayek) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 6(2): 941 (1928)

subspecies :

subsp. leucolepis (DC.) Del Guacchio, Cennamo & P.Caputo; Turk. J. Bot. 44: 444 (2020)

Distribution: Sardinia; Italy

12 SAR 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea corensis Vals. & Filigh.; Webbia 45: 235 (1991)

= Centaurea leucolepis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 568 (1838)

species :

Centaurea deustiformis Adamović; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 74: 145 (1904)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania; N-Greece (Pindos to Falakron)

13 ALB GRC NMA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

species :

Centaurea devasiana Bergmeier & Strid; Phytol. Balcan. 25(3): 281 (2019)

Distribution: N-Greece (Mt. Devas near Macedonian border)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea, Ser. Acrolophus, triniifolia agg.

species :

Centaurea dezfulica Ranjbar & S.Mohamadi; Phytotaxa 480(2): 126 (2021)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea dhofarica Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 182 (1895)

Distribution: Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman)

35 OMA

species :

Centaurea dichroa Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 111 (1849)

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Phaeopappus dichrous (Boiss. & Heldr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 601 (1875)

species :

Centaurea dichroantha A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 24: 104 (1874)

Distribution: Germany [I]; S-Austria; NE-Italy; Slovenia; Croatia

11 AUT ger 13 CRO ITA SLV

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Acroptilon

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa sordida (Willd.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

= Centaurea alpigena Paulin; Carniola, n. s. 8: 104 (1917)

= Centaurea dichroantha subsp. alpigena Paulin; Carniola, n. s. 8: 104 (1917)

= Centaurea sordida Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2323 (1803)

= Colymbada dichroantha (A.Kern.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

= Colymbada dichroantha subsp. alpigena (Paulin) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Preslia 46(2): 135 (1974)

species :

Centaurea diffusa Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 675 (1785)

Name: Sparrige Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Norway [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Austria; Poland [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain [I]; France [I]; Italy; Slovenia; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (N- & NE-Greece, Samothraki, Thasos); S-European Russia; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); China [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); USA [I] (Arizona [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], Nevada [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], Oregon [I], Rhode Island [I], Tennessee [I], Utah [I], Washington [I], Wyoming [I]); Argentina [I]

10 nor 11 AUT bgm cze ger HUN pol SLO swi 12 fra spa 13 BUL GRC ITA KOS NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR est KRY lat lit MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 rfe 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR 36 chi 70 cdn 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 85 arg

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Cylindracea

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta aemulans (Klokov) Holub; Preslia 46: 226 (1974)

= Acosta diffusa (Lam.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 133 (1972)

= Acrolophus diffusus (Lam.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 44 (1961)

= Centaurea aemulans Klokov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 28: 617 (1963)

= Centaurea ammophila Besser ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 586 (1838)

= Centaurea comperiana Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29(2): 393 (1856)

= Centaurea iljiniana N.B.Illar.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 18: 307 (1957)

= Centaurea microcalathina A.O.Tarassov; Pochvy Rast. Yugo-Vostoka 1970: 101 (1970)

= Centaurea ovina Pall. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 321 (1841), nom. inval.

= Centaurea parviflora Besser; Enum. Pl. [Besser] 35 (1822)

= Centaurea parviflora Sm.; Fl. Graec. [Sibthorp] 10: 9 (1840), non Lam.

= Centaurea sabulosa Ledeb. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 405 (1826)

= Centaurea seresiensis Rech.f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 69: 525 (1939)

= Centaurea spinosa Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 241 (1846) non L. 1753

= Centaurea stoebe Tausch; Flora 12(1. Ergänzungsbl.): 42 (1829), nom. illeg.

species :

Centaurea diluta Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 261 (1789)

subspecies :

subsp. diluta

Name: Trübe Flockenblume (DE), Lesser Star-thistle (EN)

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I]); Norway [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; SW- & E-Spain; Baleares (Mallorca, Menorca); France [I]; Channel Isl. [I] (Guernsey [I], Jersey [I]); Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Morocco; Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Sao Jorge); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Tenerife, La Gomera, Lanzarote, Gran Canaria [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Missouri [I], New York [I])

10 grb nor 11 aut bgm ger pol swi 12 BAL cis fra SPA 13 ita sic 20 MOR 21 AZO CNY MDR 75 usa 76 usa

Remarks: Subgen. Solstitiaria

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa diluta (Aiton) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 143 (1973)

= Calcitrapa subspinosa Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 228 (1794)

= Calcitrapoides micracantha (Dufour) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 (1974)

= Centaurea elongata Schousb.; Iagttag. Vextrig. Marokko 199 (1800)

= Centaurea micracantha Dufour; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 23: 164 (1831)

= Centaurea raphanifolia Salzm. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 591 (1838)

= Centaurea subspinosa (Moench) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 322 (1841)

= Hymenocentron dilutum (Aiton) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 37 (1826)

subspecies :

subsp. algeriensis (Coss. & Durieu) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 814 (1934)

Name: Algerische Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Norway [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; France [I]; Morocco; Algeria

10 nor 11 bgm ger 12 fra 20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea algeriensis Coss. & Durieu; Notes Pl. Crit. 2(3): 136 (1851)

species :

Centaurea diomedea Gasp.; Descr. Isole Tremiti 19, 23 (1837)

Distribution: Italy (Isole Tremiti)

13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. diomedea (Gasp.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 205 (1976)

species :

Centaurea djebel-amouri Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba var. mauritanica Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 494 (1889) (non Centaurea mauritanica (Font Quer) Pau 1930)

species :

Centaurea doddsii Post; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 315 (1888)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea dolopica Zograf., Koutr., Liveri & Dimop.; Phytotaxa 584(3): 176 (2023)

Distribution: Greece

13 GRC

species :

Centaurea dominii (Dostál) Dubovik; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 75(11): 1579 (1990)

Distribution: Slovakia; Bulgaria; Ukraine

11 SLO 13 BUL 14 UKR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea axillaris var. sokolensis Pawł.; Kosmos (Lvov) 55: 70 (1930)

= Centaurea triumfettii subsp. dominii Dostál; Acta Bot. Bohem. 10: 71 (1931)

= Centaurea triumfettii var. slovenica Dostál; Acta Bot. Bohem. 10: 71 (1931)

= Cyanus dominii (Dostál) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 308 (1977)

= Cyanus dominii subsp. slovenicus (Dostál) Olšavská; Preslia 83(1): 92 (2011)

= Cyanus dominii subsp. sokolensis (Pawł.) Olšavská; Preslia 83(1): 92 (2011)

= Cyanus strictus subsp. dominii (Dostál) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 131 (1972)

= Cyanus triumfettii subsp. dominii (Dostál) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 14 (1984)

species :

Centaurea donetzica Klokov; Trudy Inst. Bot. Kharkivs´k Derzhavn. Univ., ed. Med. 1: 86, 101 (1936)

Distribution: S-European Russia (Donets valley); E-Ukraine

14 RUS UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea margaritacea subsp. donetzica (Klokov) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 204 (1976)

species :

Centaurea drabifolia Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 2: 202 (1813)

subspecies :

subsp. drabifolia

Distribution: Turkey (Central Anatolia, E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Chartolepis drabifolia (Sm.) Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 3(29): 136 (1850)

= Cheirolepis drabifolia (Sm.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 107 (1849)

= Phaeopappus drabifolius (Sm.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 594 (1875)

subspecies :

subsp. austrooccidentalis Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 160 (1963)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

subspecies :

subsp. cappadocica (DC.) Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 162 (1963)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea cappadocica DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 595 (1838)

= Chartolepis cappadocica (DC.) Fenzl; Asie Min., Bot. [P.A.Tchichatscheff] 2: 328 (1860), nom. illeg.

= Cheirolepis cappadocica (DC.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 107 (1849)

= Phaeopappus cappadocicus (DC.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 594 (1875)

subspecies :

subsp. libanotica (Boiss.) Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 161 (1963)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria

34 LEB SYR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cheirolepis libanotica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 107 (1849)

= Phaeopappus libanoticus (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 594 (1875)

species :

Centaurea drabifolioides Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 3: 322, t. 29 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea dracunculifolia Dufour; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 23: 157 (1831)

Distribution: E-Spain; S-France

12 FRA SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Jacea

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea jacea proles dracunculifolia (Dufour) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 122 (1905)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. dracunculifolia (Dufour) A.Bolòs; Veg. Com. Barcelona 533 (1950)

= Jacea dracunculifolia (Dufour) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 316 (1972)

species :

Centaurea drenovensis Pils; Ill. Fl. Albania 9, tt. 57, 376-377 (2016)

Distribution: Albania

13 ALB

species :

Centaurea dubjanskyi Iljin; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 26: 36 (1927)

Distribution: C-European Russia (near Borisogiebsk, Voronelskaja Obl.)

14 RUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea margaritacea subsp. dubjanskyi (Iljin) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 204 (1976)

species :

Centaurea ducellieri Batt. & Trab.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 9: 15 (1918)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Centaurea dumanii (Dinç, A.Duran & Bilgili) Dinç & Doğu; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 49(1-2): 87 (2012)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains)

34 SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea cassia subsp. dumanii Dinç, A.Duran & Bilgili; Biologia (Bratislava), Sect. Bot. 64(5): 898 (2009)

species :

Centaurea dumulosa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 111 (1849)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (Negev Desert); Jordania (W-Jordania)

34 ISR JOR LEB SYR

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta dumulosa (Boiss.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

species :

Centaurea dursunbeyensis Uysal & Köse; Turk. J. Bot. 33: 42 (2009)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea ebenoides Heldr. ex S.Moore; J. Bot. 16: 133 (1878)

Distribution: Greece (N-Evvoia and around Korinth)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Carduiformes

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada ebenoides (Heldr.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

species :

Centaurea edith-mariae Radić; Acta Biokovica 1: 133 (1981)

Distribution: Croatia

13 CRO

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Centaurea eflanensis (Kaya & Bancheva) Şirin & Ertuğrul; Turk. J. Bot. 43(4): 540 (2019)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus eflanensis Kaya & Bancheva; Novon 19: 175 (2009)

species :

Centaurea elazigensis Kaya & Vural; Novon 17: 198 (2007)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea elbrusensis Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 131 (1860)

Distribution: Armenia; Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 ARM 34 IRN

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus elbrusensis (Boiss. & Buhse) Wagenitz & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

= Centaurea lanigera subsp. elbrusensis (Boiss. & Buhse) Dostál; Preslia 10: 68 (1931)

species :

Centaurea elegantissima Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 369 (1928)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)

34 IRQ

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada elegantissima (Bornm.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

species :

Centaurea emigrantis Bubani; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 5: 318 (1873), et Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 2: 165 (1899)

Distribution: NE-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Lepteranthus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea uniflora subsp. emigrantis (Bubani) Pau & Font Quer; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 5: 229 (1920)

species :

Centaurea emiliae Huseynova & Garakhani; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 99(3): 350 (2014)

Distribution: Azerbaijan

33 AZE

species :

Centaurea emporitana Vayr. ex Hayek; Exsicc. (Centaur. Crit.) 1914: no. 89 (1914)

Distribution: NE-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: subgen. Jacea

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea microptilon subsp. emporitana (Vayr. ex Hayek) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 206 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Centaurea microptilon var. emporitana (Vayr. ex Hayek) C.Blanché, Molero & Rovira; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 51 Bot. 5: 119 (1984)

= Centaurea microptilon var. emporitana Sennen & Pau; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., Sér. 3, 18: 470 (1908)

= Jacea emporitana (Vayr.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12: 304 (1977)

species :

Centaurea ensiformis P.H.Davis; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 67, t. 1 (1956)

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea epapposa Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vĕstn. Král. České Společn. Nauk., Tř. Mat.-Přír.) 1903(28): 6 (1903)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Bulgaria; Saudi Arabia (N-Saudi Arabia, Asir)

13 BUL KOS SRB 35 SAU

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. epapposa (Velen.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 205 (1976)

= Centaurea splendens var. epapposa (Velen.) Gajić; Fl. Srbije 7: 255 (1975)

species :

Centaurea epirota Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 581 (1898)

Distribution: Albania; NW-Greece (Epiros)

13 ALB GRC

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus. Very close to C. pindicola

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus epirotus (Halácsy) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

species :

Centaurea erinacella Rech.f.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 97: 258 (1950)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Erinacella rechingeri Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19(1-4): 77 (1973) (nom. nov.)

species :

Centaurea eriophora L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 916 (1753)

Name: Woll-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; ?Portugal; S- & E-Spain; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura); Israel (N-Negev Desert); Australia [I] (South Australia [I])

11 ger 12 SPA 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 CNY 34 ISR 50 aus

Remarks: Subgen. Solstitiaria

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa eriophora (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 564 (1794)

= Cyanus eriophorus (L.) Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 382, t. 161 (1791)

= Eriopha eriopha (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 69 (1769)

= Jacea eriophora (L.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

= Mesocentron eriophorum (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 38 (1826)

= Rhaponticum eriophorum (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 135 (1771)

species :

Centaurea ertugruliana Uysal; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 45: 137 (2008)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea erycina Raimondo & Bancheva; Bocconea 17: 299 (2004)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

species :

Centaurea eryngioides Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 675 (1785)

Distribution: Egypt (Eastern Desert, NE-Egypt); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Midyan)

20 EGY 34 ISR JOR LEB SIN 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada eryngioides (Lam.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

species :

Centaurea esfandiarii Rech.f. & Aellen; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 97: 253 (1950)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea euboica Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 93: 102 (1956)

subspecies :

subsp. euboica

Distribution: Greece (Evvoia)

13 GRC

subspecies :

subsp. intermedia Phitos & T.Georgiadis; Bot. Chron. (Patras) 1(2): 111 (1981)

Distribution: Greece (Evvoia)

13 GRC

species :

Centaurea euxina Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vĕstn. Král. České Společn. Nauk., Tř. Mat.-Přír.) 1889(2): 50 (1890)

Distribution: NE-Bulgaria

13 BUL

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. euxina (Velen.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 205 (1976)

species :

Centaurea exarata Boiss. ex Coss.; Notes Pl. Crit. 2(3): 116 (1851)

Distribution: S-Portugal; SW-Spain

12 POR SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta exarata (Boiss. ex Coss.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

species :

Centaurea fabregatii Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Fl. Montiber. 40: 55 (2008)

Distribution: E-Spain (Castellon, Tarragona)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

species :

Centaurea farsistanica (Wagenitz) Ranjbar & Negaresh; Phytotaxa 123(1): 14 (2013)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea aucheri subsp. farsistanica Wagenitz; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139b: 361 (1980)

species :

Centaurea fenzlii Reichardt; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 13: 1039 (1863)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea ferox Desf.; Med. Eclairee Sci. Phys. 3: 163 (1792)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa ferox (Desf.) Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 229 (1794)

= Philostizus fontanesianus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 39: 498 (1826)

= Seridia ferox (Desf.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

species :

Centaurea filiformis Viv.; Fl. Cors. Prodr., App. 1: 6 (1825)

subspecies :

subsp. filiformis

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Maculosae, stoebe agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ceratophylla Moris; Stirp. Sard. Elench. 1: 55 (1827)

= Centaurea speciosa Moritzi ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 428 (1879)

subspecies :

subsp. ferulacea (Martelli) Arrigoni; Webbia 27(1): 286 (1972)

Distribution: E-Sardinia (Baunei)

12 SAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ferulacea Martelli; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 3: 370 (1896)

species :

Centaurea finazzeri Adamović; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 235 (1905)

subspecies :

subsp. finazzeri

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; N-Greece (Greek Macedonia)

13 BUL GRC KOS NMA SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea rupestris subsp. finazzeri (Adamović) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 754 (1931)

= Colymbada finazzeri (Adamovie) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. kozanii (Routsi & T.Georgiadis) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

Distribution: Albania; NC-Greece

13 ALB GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea rupestris subsp. kozanii Routsi & T.Georgiadis; Candollea 49(2): 366 (1994)

species :

Centaurea flosculosa Balb. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2285 (1803)

Distribution: Switzerland; SE-France; N-Italy

11 SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea discoidea Balb. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 573 (1838)

= Centaurea ferdinandi Gren.; Index Sem. (Grenoble), Collect. 20 (1847)

= Centaurea rhaetica subsp. ferdinandi (Gren.) Pignatti; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 113(5-6): 367 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Centaurea thomasiana Dalla Torre; Anleit. Beob. Alpenpfl. 141 (1882)

= Centaurea uniflora subsp. ferdinandi (Gren.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 6: 45 (1923)

= Cyanus flosculosus (Balb. ex Willd.) Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 79 (1817)

= Jacea ferdinandli (Gren.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 229 (1974)

= Jacea flosculosa (Willd.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 316 (1972)

= Lepteranthus incoronatus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 26: 66 (1823)

species :

Centaurea formanekii Halácsy ex Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 30: extr. 15 (1892), et in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 43: 55 (1893)

Distribution: C-North Macedonia (SE of Titov Veles); NW-Greece (Epiros)

13 GRC NMA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. formanekii (Halácsy) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 205 (1976)

species :

Centaurea foucauldiana Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 186 (1929)

Distribution: S-Algeria (C-Saharan Mts., Hoggar)

20 ALG

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea tougourensis subsp. foucauldiana (Maire) Quézel & Santa

species :

Centaurea foveolata Blakelock; Kew Bull. [4]: 46 (1949)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)

34 IRQ

species :

Centaurea fragilis Durand; Rev. Bot. Recueil Mens. 2: 429 (1847)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea fragilis var. subinermis Pau; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 350 (1924)

= Centaurea fragilis var. zeluana Pau; Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 1(1): 52 (1922)

= Centaurea sphaerocephala Schousb. ex Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 531 (1878), nom. inval.

species :

Centaurea francoi Figueiredo & Gideon F.Sm.; Phytotaxa 344(1): 99 (2018)

Distribution: SW-Portugal

12 POR

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Orientales

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea crocata Franco; Nov. Fl. Portugal, ed. 2: 474, 572 (1984), nom. illeg.

species :

Centaurea friderici Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 2: 40 (1847)

subspecies :

subsp. friderici

Distribution: S-Croatia (Palagruja Isl.)

13 CRO

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta friderici (Vis.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. jabukensis (Ginzb. & Teyber) Dostál ex Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

Distribution: S-Croatia (Jabuka Isl.)

13 CRO

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta jabukensis (Ginzb. & Teyber) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

= Centaurea friderici subsp. jabukensis (Ginzb. & Teyber) Dostál; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 71: 196 (1976), comb. inval.

= Centaurea jabukensis Ginzb. & Teyber; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 70: 31 (1921)

species :

Centaurea furfuracea Coss. & Durieu; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 4: 363 (1857)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Great Southwestern Desert, NW-coastal Egypt)

20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa furfuracea (Coss. & Durieu) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 143 (1973)

= Centaurea contracta Viv.; Fl. Libyc. Spec. 58, t. 24, f. 1, 2 (1824)

= Centaurea delilei Godr.; Mém. Sect. Sci. Acad. Sci. Montpellier 1: 435 (1853)

= Centaurea prolifera Delile ex Godr.; Mém. Sect. Sci. Acad. Sci. Montpellier 1: 435 (1853)

species :

Centaurea fuscomarginata (K.Koch) Juz.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 14: 41 (1951)

Distribution: Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus

14 KRY UKR 33 NCS

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea axillaris var. fuscomarginata K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 426 (1851)

= Cyanus fuscomarginatus (K.Koch) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

species :

Centaurea fusiformis Blakelock; Kew Bull. [4]: 47 (1949)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)

34 IRQ

species :

Centaurea gabrielae (Bornm.) Wagenitz; Willdenowia 2: 492 (1960)

Distribution: Iran (S-Iran, SW-Iran)

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Phaeopappus gabrielae Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 59: E. 303 (1939)

= Tomanthea gabrielae (Bornm.) Czerep.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 481 (1960)

species :

Centaurea gabrielis-blancae Fern.Casas; Fontqueria 10: 6 (1986), nom. nov.

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: status uncertain, near C. ornata

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ornata var. microcephala Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 147 (1865)

= Centaurea ornata var. tenuispina Pau; Cavanillesia 4: 131 (1931)

species :

Centaurea gabrieljanae Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003), nom. nov.

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey

33 ARM AZE 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea biebersteinii (Jaub. & Spach) Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 448 (1849) (non DC. (1838))

= Centaurea finitima Boraz; Trudy Bot. Sada Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 13: 24 (1912)

= Chartolepis biebersteinii Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 3(21-23): 11 (1847)

= Chartolepis finitima (Boraz) Iljin; Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 30: 353 (1931 publ. 1932)

species :

Centaurea gadorensis Blanca; Lazaroa 6: 173 (1984 publ. 1985), nom. nov.

Distribution: SE-Spain (Sa. de Gador, S-Sa. Nevada)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea tenuifolia var. tenuiloba Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 346 (1840)

= Centaurea segredoi subsp. tenuiloba (Boiss.) Blanca; Lagascalia 10(2): 200 (1982)

species :

Centaurea galicicae Micevski; Acta Bot. Croat. 44: 83 (1985)

Distribution: S-North Macedonia (Galicica Planina); SE-Albania; NW-Greece (Lake Megali Prespa)

13 ALB GRC NMA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Maculosae, triniifolia agg.

species :

Centaurea gallaecica (M.Laínz) Arnelas & Devesa; Acta Bot. Malac. 37: 66 (2012)

Distribution: NW-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: subgen. Jacea

Synonyms: hidden

= Jacea janeri subsp. gallaecica (M.Laínz) M.Laínz; Fontqueria 3: 39 (1983)

= Centaurea janeri subsp. gallaecica M.Laínz; Anales Inst. Forest. Invest. 12: 40 (1968)

species :

Centaurea gattefossei Maire; Contr. Étude Fl. Afr. Nord 21, reimpr. p. 1 (1933), Maire in Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 13: 269 (1933 publ. 1934)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Melanoloma gattefossei (Maire) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 1: 6 (1982)

species :

Centaurea geluensis Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 674 (1875)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea gerberi Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29(2): 391 (1856)

Distribution: S-European Russia; E-European Russia

14 RUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea margaritacea subsp. gerberi (Steven) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 204 (1976)

species :

Centaurea gerhardii M.V.Agab.; Lagascalia 19(1-2): 897 (1997)

Distribution: Afghanistan

34 AFG

species :

Centaurea germanicopolitana Bornm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 89: 376 (1944)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus germanicopolitanus (Bornm.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

species :

Centaurea ghahramanii Wagenitz & Esfand.; Willdenowia 13: 139, f. 2 (1983)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea giardinae Raimondo & Spadaro; Naturalista Sicil., Ser. 4, 30: 373 (2006)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

species :

Centaurea gigantea Sch.Bip.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 672 (1875)

subspecies :

subsp. gigantea

Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq)

34 IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea chaldaeorum Nábělek; Spisy Přír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 52: 4, t. VIII (1925)

subspecies :

subsp. rechingeri Negaresh; Phytotaxa 363(1): 45 (2018)

Distribution: Iraq

34 IRQ

species :

Centaurea gjurasinii Bosnjak; Glasn. Hrvatsk. Prír. Društva 49-50: 26 (1937-1938 publ. 1938)

Distribution: Montenegro

13 MNT

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Centaurea glaberrima Tausch; Flora 10: 249 (1827)

subspecies :

subsp. glaberrima

Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Albania

13 ALB BIH CRO MNT

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Maculosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea punctata Vis.; Flora 19: 23 (1829)

= Centaurea virgata Port. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 426 (1879)

subspecies :

subsp. divergens (Vis.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 260 (1931)

Distribution: France; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina

12 FRA 13 BIH CRO

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta divergens (Vis.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 134 (1972)

= Centaurea divergens Vis.; Fl. Slovenia (Dalmatia) 2: 37, t. 12 b. (1847)

= Centaurea petteri Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 15: 36, t. 783 (1852)

species :

Centaurea glabroauriculata Uysal & Demır.; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 44: 219 (2007)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea glastifolia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 915 (1753) emend. Czerep., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 20: 461-462 (1960)

subspecies :

subsp. glastifolia

Distribution: France [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

12 fra 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Chartolepis

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea tournefortii (Jaub. & Spach) Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 448 (1849)

= Chartolepis cassiniana Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 3: 9 (1847)

= Chartolepis glastifolia (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 54: 492 (1829)

= Chartolepis tournefortii Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 3: 9, t. 207 (1847)

= Rhaponticum argentatum Moench; Methodus [Moench] 562 (1794)

subspecies :

subsp. intermedia (Boiss.) L.Martins; Fl. China 20-21: 192 (2011)

Distribution: Romania; S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia

13 ROM 14 MLD RUS UKR 32 KAZ KGZ 36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea chartolepis Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003), nom. nov.

= Chartolepis intermedia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 64 (1856) (non Centaurea intermedia Mutel 1846)

species :

Centaurea globurensis Nyár.; Bul. Grad. Bot. Univ. Cluj 14: 218 (1934)

Distribution: SW-Romania (Banat)

13 ROM

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma

species :

Centaurea glomerata Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 2: 94 (1791)

Distribution: Italy [I]; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, NW-coastal Egypt); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai)

13 ita 20 EGY LBY TUN 34 SIN

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapoides glomerata (Vahl) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 170 (1973)

= Centaurea acaulis Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 52 (1775)

= Centaurea coarctata Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 407 (1826)

= Centaurea prolifera Vent.; Descr. Pl. Nouv. 16 (1800)

= Centaurea straminea Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2312 (1803)

= Seridia glomerata (Vahl) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 48: 499 (1827)

= Seridia prolifera (Vent.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

= Seridia straminea Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

species :

Centaurea gloriosa Radić; Acta Biokovica 1: 127 (1981)

Distribution: Croatia

13 CRO

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Centaurea goerkii Yıld.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 25(2): 5 (2018)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea goksivriensis M.Bona; Phytotaxa 203(1): 63 (2015)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea golestanica Akhani & Wagenitz; Edinburgh J. Bot. 56(1): 6 (1999)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea gracilenta Velen.; Fl. Bulg. [Velenovský] 321 (1891)

Distribution: E-Romania; E-Bulgaria

13 BUL ROM

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Arenariae

species :

Centaurea graeca Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 242 (1846)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (NW-, NC- & C-Greece)

13 ALB GRC KOS NMA SRB

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Carduiformes

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ceccariniana Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 81 (1856)

= Centaurea cordonis Boiss. & Orph.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 663 (1875)

= Centaurea graeca subsp. ceccariniana (Boiss. & Heldr.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 195 (1976)

= Centaurea guicciardii var. minutispina Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 642 (1898)

= Centaurea paniculata Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 2: 199 (1813)

= Colymbada ceccariniana (Boiss. & Heldr.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 228 (1974)

= Colymbada graeca (Griseb.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

species :

Centaurea graminifolia (Lam.) Muñoz Rodr. & Devesa; Acta Bot. Malac. 35: 36 (38) (2012)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Morocco

12 POR SPA 20 MOR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea lingulata Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 32 (1816)

= Centaurea lingulata var. linearifolia Sennen & Pau; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1918: no. 3431 (1919), nomen

= Centaurea montana subsp. lingulata (Lag.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 92 (1987 publ. 1988)

= Centaurea montana subsp. variegata (Lam.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 144 (1905)

= Centaurea montana var. lingulata (Lag.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17: 92 (1988)

= Centaurea seusana Chaix; Pl. Vapinc. 61 (1785)

= Centaurea seusana var. lingulata (Lag.) Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 160 (1865)

= Centaurea triumfettii subsp. lingulata (Lag.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 209 (1976), isonym

= Centaurea triumfettii subsp. lingulata (Lag.) Vicioso; Exsicc. (Centaur. Crit.) 2: no. 53 (1914)

= Centaurea triumfettii subsp. variegata (Lam.) Dostál; Preslia 10: 62 (1931), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea triumfettii var. seusana (Chaix) Gugler; Fl. Schweiz [Schinz], ed. 3, 2: 353 (1914)

= Centaurea variegata Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 668 (1785), nom. superfl.

= Centaurea variegata var. decurrentifolia Pau; Iter Marocc. [Font Quer], Exsicc. 1927: no. 700 (1928)

= Cyanus graminifolius (Lam.) Olšavská; Taxon 58(1): 183 (2009)

= Cyanus lingulatus (Lag.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

= Cyanus triumfettii subsp. lingulatus (Lag.) Á.Löve & Kjellq.; Lagascalia 4(2): 199 (1974)

= Cyanus variegatus Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 74 (1817), nom. superfl.

= Jacea graminifolia Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 638 (1779)

species :

Centaurea granatensis Boiss. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 303 (1838)

Distribution: SE-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Acrocentron

Synonyms: hidden

= Acrocentron granatense (Boiss.) Webb; Iter Hispan. [Webb] 32 (1838)

= Centaurea granatensis var. acaulis Cuatrec.; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sér. Bot. 12: 467 (1929)

= Centaurea prolongoi var. granatensis (DC.) Pau; Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 1(1): 51 (1922)

= Colymbada granatensis (Boiss.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

species :

Centaurea grbavacensis (Rohlena) Stoj. & Acht.; Stud. Centaur. Bulg. 39 (1935)

Distribution: NC-North Macedonia (near Prilep); N-Greece (Mt. Olimpos north to the border)

13 GRC NMA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Orientales

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea atropurpurea subsp. soskae (Stoj. & Acht.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 195 (1976)

= Centaurea atropurpurea var. soskae Stoj. & Acht.

= Centaurea immanuelis-loewii var. grbavacensis Rohlena

= Colymbada grbavacensis (Rohlena) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 228 (1974)

species :

Centaurea greuteri E.Gamal-Eldin & Wagenitz; Willdenowia 13(2): 324 (1983 publ. 1984)

Distribution: NE-Greece (Chalkidiki: Sithonia peninsula)

13 GRC

species :

Centaurea grisebachii (Nyman) Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 34: 300 (1896)

subspecies :

subsp. grisebachii

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; N-Greece

13 ALB GRC KOS NMA SRB

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Maculosae, triniifolia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta grisebachii (Nyman) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 303 (1977)

= Centaurea graeca subsp. grisebachii Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 427 (1879)

= Centaurea paniculata var. macedonica Griseb.; non C. macedonica Boiss.

subspecies :

subsp. confusa (Halácsy) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 198 (1976)

Distribution: N-Greece

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea confusa Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 596 (1898)

subspecies :

subsp. occidentalis E.Gamal-Eldin & Wagenitz; Mountain Fl. Greece [Strid] 2: 500 (1991)

Distribution: NW-Greece

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea macedonica Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 595 (1898)

subspecies :

subsp. transiens (Halácsy) T.Georgiadis; Contr. Phylogén. Centaurea L. (sect. Acrolophus (Cass.) DC.) en Grèce 47 (1980)

Distribution: N-Greece (Mt. Olimbos)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta transiens (Halácsy) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 (1974)

= Centaurea transiens Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 587 (1898)

species :

Centaurea gubanovii Kamelin; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 88(6): 86 (1983)

Distribution: Afghanistan

34 AFG

species :

Centaurea gudrunensis Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 673 (1875)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)

34 IRQ

species :

Centaurea gulissashvilii Dumbadze; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 5(2): 49 (1946)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey

33 ARM GEO 34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea, ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ovina subsp. gulissaschvilii (Dumbadze) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(3): 119 (2000)

species :

Centaurea gussonei Raimondo & Spadaro; Bocconea 20: 10, 394 (2007), nom. nov.

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea dissecta var. tomentosa (Guss.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 336 (1904)

= Centaurea parlatoris var. tomentosa Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2(1): 510 (1844)

species :

Centaurea gymnocarpa Moris & De Not.; Fl. Caprar. 76, t. 2 (1839)

Distribution: Italy (Capraia Isl.)

13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Pannophyllum

Conservation Status: IUCN CR, known only from few populations

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea cineraria var. gymnocarpa (Moris & De Not) Fiori

= Centaurea dealbata Moris ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 425 (1879), pro syn.

= Centaurea gymnocarpa var. plumosa E.Vilm.; Fl. Pleine Terre, éd. 3: 245 (1870)

species :

Centaurea hadacii Wagenitz; Kew Bull. 40: 793, f. 1 (1985)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)

34 IRQ

species :

Centaurea haenseleri (Boiss.) Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 349 (1840)

Distribution: S-Spain (Sierra Bermeja)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Subsect. Lagascanae

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea acaulis Haens. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 151 (1865)

= Centaurea acaulis var. haenseleri Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov. 61 (1838)

= Centaurea haenseleri (Boiss.) Boiss. & Reut.; Mém. Acad. Natl. Sci. Lyon, Cl. Sci. 1 (Pug. Pl. Nov. Gall.): 67 (1852)

= Centaurea saxicola var. haenseleri (Boiss.) Pau; Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 1(1): 52 (1922)

= Centaurea toletana subsp. haenseleri (Boiss.) Rivas Goday; Veg. Fl. Guadiana 666 (1964), nom. inval.

= Colymbada haenseleri (Boiss.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 304 (1977)

species :

Centaurea hakkariensis Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 224 (1974)

Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea halophila Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 3: 318, t. 22 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey (Central Anatolia, Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea haluntina Gianguzzi, Di Grist., Barone & Domina; Phytotaxa 646(2): 177 (2024)

Distribution: Sicily (Nebrodi Mts.)

13 SIC

Remarks: busambarensis agg.

species :

Centaurea handelii Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 182, t. 4/7 (1963)

Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Syria (Jazira)

34 IRQ SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Phaeopappus haussknechtii Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 599 (1875) (non C. haussknechtii Boiss. (1875))

= Tomanthea haussknechtii (Boiss.) Takht.; Trudy Biol. Inst. Armyansk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 243 (1939)

species :

Centaurea hanryi Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 5: 70 (1847)

subspecies :

subsp. hanryi

Distribution: NE-Spain; S-France

12 FRA SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Paniculatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta coerulescens (Willd.) Holub; Preslia 46 (3). 226 (1974)

= Acosta hanryi (Jord.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

= Acosta isernii (Willk.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

= Centaurea bubanii Timb.-Lagr.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse, Sér. 8(1), 2: 187 (1879)

= Centaurea cadevallii Pau; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 6: 46 (1906)

= Centaurea caerulescens subsp. hanryi (Jord.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 6: 43 (1923)

= Centaurea hanryi subsp. isernii (Willk.) Smythies; Englera 3(1): 138 (1984), et Englera 3(3): 880 (1986)

= Centaurea hanryi subsp. spinabadia (Bubani ex Timb.-Lagr.) Smythies; Englera 3(1): 139 (1984), without direct basionym ref., et 3(3): 880 (1986)

= Centaurea isernii Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 155 (1865)

= Centaurea limbata subsp. hanryi (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 428 (1879)

= Centaurea micrantha var. catalaunica Pau ex Cadevall; Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Barcelona, Ser. 3, 6: 436 (1908)

= Centaurea paniculata Lag. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 583 (1838), nom. inval.

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. caerulescens Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 158 (1904)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. hanryi (Jord.) Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 146 (1904)

= Centaurea rigens Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 32 (1816)

= Centaurea spinabadia Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 2: 160 (1899) ex Timb.-Lagr., Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse, Ser. 8, 1(2): 187 (1879)

= Centaurea spinabadia subsp. hanryi (Jord.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 199 (1976)

= Centaurea spinabadia subsp. isernii (Willk.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 199 (1976)

subspecies :

subsp. shuttleworthii (Rouy) Kerguélen; Coll. Patrim. Nat. 8 (Index Synonym. Fl. France): xii (1993)

Distribution: SE-France (foothills of L´Esterel)

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. shuttleworthii Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 155 (1905)

= Centaurea shuttleworthii Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 147 (1904)

= Centaurea spinabadia subsp. shuttleworthii (Rouy) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 198 (1975 publ. 1976)

species :

Centaurea haradjianii Wagenitz; Willdenowia 2: 479, f. 3 (1961)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea haussknechtii Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 670 (1875)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea haynaldiiformis Prodan; Analele Acad. Republ. Populare Románe 3(18): 691 (1950)

Distribution: W-Romania (Arad region)

13 ROM

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis

species :

Centaurea hekimhanensis Şirin & Yıldırım; Bot. Serbica 45(1): 14 (2021)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus hekimhanensis (Şirin & Yıldırım) Negaresh; Phytotaxa 531(1): 25 (2022)

species :

Centaurea heldreichii Halácsy; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 61: 315 (1894)

Distribution: W-Greece (S-Epirus)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. heldreichii (Halácsy) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 205 (1976)

species :

Centaurea helenioides Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 633 (1875)

Distribution: Turkey (NE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Grossheimia helenioides (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Sosn. & Takht.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 3: No. 1, 24 (1945)

= Phaeopappus helenioides Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 633 (1875)

species :

Centaurea hellwigii Ranjbar & Negaresh; Phytotaxa 123(1): 17 (2013), nom. nov.

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa araneosa (Boiss.) Holub; Preslia 45: 143 (1973)

= Centaurea araneosa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 121 (1849)

= Centaurea spectabilis var. araneosa (Boiss.) Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 178 (1963)

= Phaeopappus araneosus (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 598 (1875) non Centaurea araneosa Boiss.

= Tomanthea araneosa (Boiss.) Takht.; Trudy Armyansk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. Biol. 1939: 241 (1939)

species :

Centaurea heratensis Rech.f. & Köie; Biol. Skr. 8(2) [Symb. Afghan. 2]: 183 (1955)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Farah, Ghorat, Herat)

34 AFG

Synonyms: hidden

= Tomanthea heratensis (Rech.f. & Köie) Soják; Novit. Bot. Delect. Seminum Horti Bot. Univ. Carol. Prag. 48 (1962)

species :

Centaurea hermannii F.Herm.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Bulgar. 4: 27, f. 1 (1931)

Distribution: European Turkey; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)

13 TUE 34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Seridia

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea sisymbriifolia Arènes; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 30: 210 (1958)

species :

Centaurea heterocarpa Boiss. & Gaill.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 680 (1875)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon)

34 LEB

species :

Centaurea heywoodiana Raimondo, Spadaro & Di Grist.; Fl. Medit. 30: 370, fig. 1 (2020)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Centaurea hierapolitana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 15 (1844)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea hohenackeri Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29(2): 395 (1856)

Distribution: Azerbaijan

33 AZE

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea, ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ovina subsp. hohenackeri (Steven) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(3): 119 (2000)

= Centaurea hohenackeriana Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 8: 493 (1883)

species :

Centaurea hololeuca Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 694 (1875)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria

34 LEB SYR

species :

Centaurea horrida Badarò; Giorn. Fis. Chim. Storia Nat. Med. Arti, Dec. 2, 7: 363 (1824)

Distribution: Sardinia (Asinara Isl., Tavolara Isl.)

12 SAR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Horridae

species :

Centaurea huljakii H.Wagner; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 38: 287 (1935)

Distribution: N-Greece (Mt. Athos)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis

species :

Centaurea hyalolepis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 133 (1846)

subspecies :

subsp. hyalolepis

Name: Glasschuppige Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; Spain [I]; France [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Malta [I]; Morocco; Turkey (S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (S-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (N-Saudi Arabia, Asir); Yemen (coastal Hadhramaut, Inner Hadhramaut, N-Inner Yemen)

11 bgm ger 12 fra spa 13 ita mlt sic 20 MOR 34 CYP IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 35 SAU YEM

Remarks: Subgen. Calcitrapa

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa hyalolepis (Boiss.) Holub; Preslia 46: 227 (1974)

= Centaurea pallescens f. hyalolepis (Boiss.) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 209 (1908)

= Centaurea pallescens subsp. hyalolepis (Boiss.) Holmboe; Bergens Mus. Skr., n. s. 1(2): 190 (1914)

= Centaurea pallescens var. hyalolepis (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 691 (1875)

variant :

var. brevispina Plitmann; Israel J. Bot. 22(1): 50 (1973)

Distribution: Israel; Jordania

34 ISR JOR

subspecies :

subsp. negevensis Plitmann; Israel J. Bot. 22(1): 50 (1973)

Distribution: Israel

34 ISR

species :

Centaurea hymettia Kit Tan, Zograf. & Bancheva; Phytol. Balcan. 20(1): 58 (2014)

Distribution: Greece (Attiki: Mt. Imittos)

13 GRC

Remarks: related to C. laureotica

species :

Centaurea hyrcanica Bornm.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 7: 425 (1907)

Distribution: Azerbaijan (Talysh); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 AZE 34 IRN

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea hyrcana Grossh.; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, Ser. 2, 1: 42 (1920)

= Centaurea trichocephala var. latifolia Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. [St. Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 8: 54 (1841)

= Jacea hyrcanica (Bornm.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 145 (1973)

species :

Centaurea hyssopifolia Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 1: 75 (1790)

Distribution: C- & E-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Lepteranthus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea linifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 667 (1783)

= Centaurea punctata Dufour; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 23: 159 (1831)

= Jacea hyssopifolia (Vahl) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 229 (1974)

species :

Centaurea iberica Trevis. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 406 (1826)

subspecies :

subsp. iberica

Name: Iberische Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; France [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); East Aegaean Isl. (Kos, Rhodos); Turkey (Central Anatolia, E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Badghys, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Faryab, Ghazni, Helmand, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, Wardak, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Qunduz, Takhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (Jazira, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania); China (Xinjiang); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Hazara, Pakistani Punjab, Murree, Waziristan, Kurram, N. W. Frontier Prov., Peshawar, Chitral, Swat, Gilgit); NW-India (Poonch, Jammu & Kashmir); USA [I] (California [I], Kansas [I], Oregon [I], Washington [I], Wyoming [I]); Argentina [I]

11 ger 12 fra 13 BIH BUL ita KOS MNT ROM sic SRB TUE 14 BLR est KRY lat lit MLD RUS UKR 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 36 CHI 40 IND PAK 73 usa 74 usa 76 usa 85 arg

Remarks: Subgen. Calcitrapa

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa iberica (Trevis. ex Spreng.) Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 409 (1866)

= Centaurea aegyptiaca Sm.; Fl. Graec. [Sibthorp] t. 907 (1840)

= Centaurea calcitrapa M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 594 (1819)

= Centaurea calcitrapoides DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 597 (1838)

= Centaurea iberica var. brevispina Freyn & Sint.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 44: 259 (1894)

= Centaurea macracantha Heldr.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 690 (1875)

= Centaurea noeana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 84 (1856)

= Centaurea pallescens var. iberica (Trevir. ex Spreng.) Gugler & Thell.; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 209 (1908)

= Leucantha iberica (Trevis. ex Spreng.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114(1): 44 (1961)

variant :

var. mesocentroides Plitmann; Israel J. Bot. 22(1): 49 (1973)

Distribution: Israel

34 ISR

subspecies :

subsp. hermonis (Boiss.) Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 31(2): 233 (1914)

Distribution: Lebanon; Syria

34 LEB SYR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea hermonis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 122 (1849)

subspecies :

subsp. holzmanniana (Boiss.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 203 (1976)

Distribution: Greece (scattered on mainland)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea holzmanniana Heldr.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 316 (1888), pro syn.

= Centaurea iberica var. holzmanniana Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 316 (1888)

subspecies :

subsp. meryonis (DC.) Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 31(2): 233 (1914)

Distribution: Lebanon; Syria

34 LEB SYR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea meryonis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 598 (1838)

species :

Centaurea ibn-tattoui Chamboul.; Phytotaxa 174(3): 157 (2014)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Centaurea idaea Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 2(10): 119 (1849)

Distribution: Crete (widespread)

13 KRI

Remarks: Subgen. Solstitiaria

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa idaea (Boiss. & Heldr.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 133 (1972)

species :

Centaurea ilvensis (Sommier) Arrigoni; Parlatorea 6: 76 (2003)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea dissecta var. ilvensis Sommier; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 9: 329 (1902)

species :

Centaurea immanuelis-loewii Degen; Magyar Bot. Lapok 16: 117 (1917)

Distribution: Bulgaria; NE-Greece

13 BUL GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Orientales

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada immanuelis-loewii (Degen) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 228 (1974)

species :

Centaurea imperialis Hausskn. ex Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 20 2: 168 (1906)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

34 IRN IRQ

Synonyms: hidden

= Leucacantha imperialis Nieuwl. & Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 5: 71 (1917)

species :

Centaurea incompleta Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 583 (1898)

Distribution: NC-Greece (Mt. Olimpos)

13 GRC

species :

Centaurea incompta Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 2: 38 (1847)

Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro

13 BIH CRO MNT

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Arenariae

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta incompta (Vis.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

species :

Centaurea indistincta (Wagenitz) Ranjbar & Negaresh; Phytotaxa 123(1): 20 (2013)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea aucheri subsp. indistincta Wagenitz; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139b: 361 (1980)

species :

Centaurea indurata Janka; Flora 41: 444 (1858)

Distribution: Slovakia; Hungary; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine

11 HUN SLO 13 BUL NMA ROM 14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea phrygia subsp. indurata (Janka) Stoj. & Acht.; Stud. Centaur. Bulg. 71 (1935)

= Jacea indurata (Janka) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

species :

Centaurea inermis Velen.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 52: 154 (1902)

Distribution: Bulgaria; European Turkey; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)

13 BUL TUE 34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

species :

Centaurea inexpectata Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 219 (1974)

Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Jacea inexpectata (Wagenitz) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11(1): 83 (1976)

species :

Centaurea inexpugnabilis P.P.Ferrer, Mansanet-Salvador & R.Roselló; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 35(e006): 3 (2017)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

species :

Centaurea infestans Durand; Rev. Bot. Recueil Mens. 2: 430 (1847)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

species :

Centaurea integrans (Fiori) Naggi ex Prain; Index Kew., Suppl. 3: 38 (1908)

Distribution: N-Italy (Liguria)

13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea paniculata subvar. integrans Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 4(1): 188 (1907)

species :

Centaurea intricata Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 130 (1846)

Distribution: Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (S-Iran, W-Iran)

34 IRN IRQ

species :

Centaurea involucrata Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 295 (1799)

Distribution: SE-Spain (Almeria); France; Morocco; Algeria

12 FRA SPA 20 ALG MOR

Remarks: Subgen. Melanoloma

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea pullata subsp. involucrata (Desf.) Talavera; Lagascalia 12(2): 273 (1984)

= Jacea involucrata Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 54 (1779)

species :

Centaurea ionica Brullo; Fl. Aspromonte 47 (2001)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Centaurea ipecensis Rech.f.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 38: 342 (1935)

Distribution: Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania

13 ALB KOS MNT SRB

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. ipecensis (Rech.f.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 205 (1976)

= Centaurea splendens var. ipecensis (Rech.f.) Gajić; Fl. Srbije 7: 255 (1975)

species :

Centaurea ipsaria Stoj. & Kitan.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Bulgar. 9: 102 (1943)

Distribution: NE-Greece (Thasos)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea thasia Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 762 (1931), nom. nud. (lack of type, fragmentary description)

species :

Centaurea iranshahrii Wagenitz & Esfand.; Willdenowia 13: 137, f. 1 (1983)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea elymaitica Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 12: 109 (2006)

species :

Centaurea irritans Wagenitz; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139b: 390, t. 358 (1980)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran)

34 IRN IRQ

variant :

var. longispinosa Montaz.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 163(1): 100 (2010)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea isaurica Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 3: 323, t. 30 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea isiliae H.Duman, Uzunh. & Bahadir; Nordic J. Bot. 39(10)-e03244: 2 (2021)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea ispahanica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 133 (1846)

subspecies :

subsp. ispahanica

Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, S-Iran, SW-Iran)

34 IRN

subspecies :

subsp. macrocarpa (Boiss.) Negaresh; Phytotaxa 174(1): 48 (2014)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea macrocarpa Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 677 (1875)

subspecies :

subsp. sirjanensis Negaresh; Phytotaxa 174(1): 50 (2014)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea jacea L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 914 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. jacea

Name: Gewöhnliche Wiesen-Flockenblume (DE), Brown Knapweed (EN)

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I]); Ireland [I] (SE-Ireland [I]); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Channel Isl. [I] (Alderney [I]); Corsica; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk [I], W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Kuril Isl. [I], Primorye [I]); Tajikistan [I]; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (NE-Anatolia); Australia [I] (Queensland [I], South Australia [I], Victoria [I]); Greenland [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], New Brunswick [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kentucky [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Montana [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I]); Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Araucanía [I])

10 DEN FIN grb ire NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 cis COR FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 tzk 33 GEO 34 TUR 50 aus 70 gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 85 arg cle

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Jacea. There are many taxa with uncertain status in the group which are variously treated as species, subspecies or synonyms. The assignment of the synonyms is quite uncertain.

Synonyms: hidden

= Behen jacea (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 68 (1768)

= Calcitrapa jacea (L.) Peterm.; Fl. Bienitz 48 (1841)

= Calcitrapa pratensis Peterm.; Fl. Bienitz 49 (1841)

= Centaurea amara L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 1292 (1763)

= Centaurea consimilis Boreau; Fl. Centre France [Boreau], éd. 3(2): 351 (1857)

= Centaurea croatica (Hayek) Soest; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 54: 83 (1947)

= Centaurea decumbens Dubois ex Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 485 (1807)

= Centaurea flavicans Vuk.; Rad Jugoslav. Akad. Znan. 58: 149 (1881)

= Centaurea gracilior Reut. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 421 (1879)

= Centaurea gracilis Boreau ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 421 (1879)

= Centaurea hastata Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 261 (1907)

= Centaurea humifusa Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 696 (1846)

= Centaurea jacea subvar. canescens Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 406 (1829)

= Centaurea jacea subvar. paludosa Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 206 (1919)

= Centaurea jacea subvar. pygmaea (Asch.) Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 206 (1919)

= Centaurea jacea f. alvarensis J.Erikson; Bot. Not. 1901: 202 (1901)

= Centaurea jacea f. cuculligera (Rchb.) Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 205 (1919)

= Centaurea jacea f. humilis (Schrank) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 763 (1914)

= Centaurea jacea f. jungens (Gugler) Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 205 (1919)

= Centaurea jacea f. lacera (W.D.J.Koch) Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 205 (1919)

= Centaurea jacea f. monocephala Glaab; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 12(2-3): 22 (1894)

= Centaurea jacea f. schrankii Glaab; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 12(2-3): 22 (1894)

= Centaurea jacea f. scopulicola Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 122 (1905)

= Centaurea jacea f. tomentosa (Asch.) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 763 (1914)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. elata (Rchb.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg, 1. Aufl.: 547 (1834)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. iungens Gugler; Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 1(33): 406 (1904)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. matura E.H.L.Deutschl.Fl.; Sturm], ed. 2, Abbild., 14: 40 (1906), nom. inval

= Centaurea jacea subsp. nana (Gaudin) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg, 1. Aufl.: 547 (1834)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. vulgaris Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2(2) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2): 250 (1871)

= Centaurea jacea var. amara (L.) Boenn.; Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal. 261 (1824)

= Centaurea jacea var. argyrocoma Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 486 (1822)

= Centaurea jacea var. cadevallii Font Quer ex O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17: 92 (1988)

= Centaurea jacea var. communis J.J.Schmitz & Regel; Fl. Bonn. 274 (1841), nom. inval.

= Centaurea jacea var. crispofimbriata W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 2: 469 (1844)

= Centaurea jacea var. croatica Hayek

= Centaurea jacea var. cuculligera Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 213 (1832)

= Centaurea jacea var. elata Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 714 (1830)

= Centaurea jacea var. humilis (Schrank) T.Marsson; Fl. Neu-Vorpommern 264 (1869)

= Centaurea jacea var. monocephala Wirtg.; Fl. Preuss. Rheinprov. 262 (1857)

= Centaurea jacea var. nana Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 406 (1829)

= Centaurea jacea var. parvifolia Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 405 (1829)

= Centaurea jacea var. phaeocoma Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 486 (1822)

= Centaurea jacea var. pygmaea Glaab; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 11(4-5): 79 (1893)

= Centaurea jacea var. subacaulis Prantl; Ber. Bot. Vereins Landshut 4(Abh. 1): 12 (1873)

= Centaurea jacea var. uniflora Wirtg.; Fl. Coblenz 109 (1841)

= Centaurea jacea var. vulgaris W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 2: 469 (1844)

= Centaurea lacera Simonk.; Enum. Fl. Transsilv. 345 (1886)

= Centaurea livoniana Weinm.; Cat. Hort. Dorpat. 38 (1810)

= Centaurea majuscula (Rouy) Soest; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 54: 101 (1947)

= Centaurea media Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 261 (1907)

= Centaurea mollis Schleich.; Cat. Pl. Helv., ed. 4: 12 (1821)

= Centaurea nana Chesn. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 320, 318 (1841)

= Centaurea nemophila Jord. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 421 (1879)

= Centaurea nigrescens Gren. & Godr.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 241 (1779)

= Centaurea pratensis (Lam.) Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 208 (1796)

= Centaurea pygmaea Chesn. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 571 (1838)

= Centaurea scopulicola (Rouy) Soest; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 54: 77 (1947)

= Centaurea simplex Murr. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 322 (1841), nom. inval.

= Centaurea syrmiensis Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 261 (1907)

= Centaurea viretorum Jord. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 421 (1879)

= Centaurea vulgaris (W.D.J.Koch) Simonk.; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 345 (1887)

= Centaurea vulgaris subsp. lacera (W.D.J.Koch) Simonk.; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 345 (1887)

= Centaurea vulgaris var. jacea (L.) Godr.; Fl. Lorraine 2: 53 (1843)

= Cyanus jacea (L.) G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.; Oekon. Fl. Wetterau 3(1): 172 (1801)

= Jacea alba Delarbre; Fl. Auvergne [Delarbre], éd. 2, 202 (1800)

= Jacea amara (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 43 (1961)

= Jacea communis Delarbre; Fl. Auvergne [Delarbre], éd. 2, 201 (1800)

= Jacea decumbens Delarbre; Fl. Auvergne [Delarbre], éd. 2, 201 (1800)

= Jacea pratensis Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 54, Cass. in Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier] 24: 89 (1779)

= Jacea supina Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 53 (1779)

= Jacea tomentosa Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 193 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Rhaponticum jacea (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 562 (1794)

= Rhaponticum jacea (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 136 (1771)

= Setachna amara (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 518 (1867)

= Setachna fimbriata Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 519 (1867)

subspecies :

subsp. banatica Hayek; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 203 (1918)

Distribution: Hungary; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria

11 HUN 13 BIH BUL CRO KOS NMA ROM SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea banatica Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 701 (1901), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea jacea var. rocheliana Heuff.

= Centaurea rocheliana (Heuff.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 205 (1976)

= Jacea banatica (Rochel ex Rchb.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. forojulensis (Poldini) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea forojulensis Poldini; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 111(6): 303 (1977)

subspecies :

subsp. gaudinii (Boiss. & Reut.) Gremli; Excursionsfl. Schweiz, ed. 2: 248 (1874)

Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; France; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Morocco; Algeria; ?Tunisia

11 AUT SWI 12 FRA 13 CRO ITA SIC SLV SMA 20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea amara subsp. bracteata (Scop.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 388 (1882)

= Centaurea amara subsp. gaudinii (Boiss. & Reut.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 388 (1882)

= Centaurea amara var. bracteata (Scop.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 570 (1838)

= Centaurea bracteata Scop.; Delic. Fl. Faun. Insubr. 2: 17 (1786)

= Centaurea gaudinii Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 70 (1856)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. bracteata (Scop.) Hayek

= Centaurea jacea var. bracteata (Scop.) Briq. & Cavill.; Fl. Alpes Marit. 7: 104 (1931)

= Centaurea saxatilis subsp. gaudinii (Boiss. & Reut.) Lovrić; Rapp. Commiss. Int. Mer Médit. 23(6): 37 (1976)

= Jacea bracteata (Scop.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

= Jacea gaudinii (Boiss. & Reut.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 145 (1973)

= Jacea pratensis subsp. gaudinii (Boiss.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Preslia 46(2): 135 (1974)

subspecies :

subsp. haynaldii (Hayek) Hayek; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 204 (1918)

Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Albania

13 ALB BIH CRO

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea haynaldii Borbás ex Vuk.; Rad Jugoslav. Akad. Znan. 58: 149 (1881)

= Centaurea haynaldii Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 696 (1901)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. haynaldii (Borbás ex Vuk.) Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: (Cent.-Art. Österr.-Ung. 112) 696 (1901)

= Jacea haynaldii (Hayek) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 145 (1973)

= Jacea pratensis subsp. haynaldii (Borbás ex Vuk.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Preslia 46(2): 135 (1974)

subspecies :

subsp. julica (Hayek) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

Distribution: NE-Italy; Slovenia

13 ITA SLV

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea haynaldii subsp. julica (Hayek) E.Mayer; Annum Horti Bot. Labac. 150: 39 (1960)

= Centaurea haynaldii var. julica Hayek; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 204 (1918)

= Centaurea julica (Hayek) Soest; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 54: 81 (1947)

subspecies :

subsp. substituta (Czerep.) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 84(9): 105 (1999)

Distribution: Germany [I]; S-European Russia; C-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

11 ger 14 KRY MLD RUS UKR 33 GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea pannonica subsp. substituta (Czerep.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 206 (1976)

= Centaurea substituta Czerep.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 28: 448, 612 (1963)

= Jacea substituta (Czerep.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 133 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. vinyalsii (Sennen) O.Bolòs, Nuet & Panareda; Patrim. Biol. Montseny 76 (1986)

Distribution: NE-Spain; Andorra; S-France

12 ADO FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea jacea var. godeti Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 120 (1905)

= Centaurea jacea var. vinyalsii (Sennen) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 92 (1987 publ. 1988)

= Centaurea vinyalsii Sennen; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 23: 88 (1927)

subspecies :

subsp. weldeniana (Rchb.) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

Distribution: Italy; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Greece (N- & C-Greece)

13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea amara subsp. weldeniana (Rchb.) Kusan; Prír. Istr. Kral. Jugoslavije 20: 29 (1936)

= Centaurea jacea var. weldeniana (Rchb.) Briq.; Monogr. Centaurées Alpes Marit. 69 (1902)

= Centaurea weldeniana Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 213 (1831), et Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 15: 12, t. 753 (1852)

= Centaurea weldeniana var. balcanica Hayek

= Jacea weldeniana (Rchb.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 229 (1974)

species :

Centaurea jaennensis Degen & Debeaux; Magyar Bot. Lapok 5: 8 (1906)

Distribution: SE-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta jaennensis (Degen & Debeaux) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 22 (1982)

= Centaurea boissieri subsp. jaennensis (Degen & Debeaux) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 202 (1976)

= Centaurea gienensis Degen & Debeaux; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., Sér. 3, 17: 50 (1907)

species :

Centaurea janeri Graells; Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Exact. Madrid 2: 466 (1859)

subspecies :

subsp. janeri

Distribution: WC-Spain (Sierra de Avila, Sa. de Gredos)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Lepteranthus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea iserniana Graells ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 162 (1865)

= Jacea janeri (Graells) M.Laínz; Fontqueria 3: 39 (1983)

= Mantisalca duriaei var. iserniana (J.Gay & Webb ex Graells) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Man. Països Catalans 3: 912 (1995)

= Mantisalca salmantica var. iserniana (J.Gay & Webb ex Graells) Ladero, F.Navarro & C.J.Valle; Stud. Bot. (Salamanca) 3: 266 (1984)

= Microlonchus isernianus J.Gay & Webb ex Graells; Mém. Real Acad. Ci. Exact. Madrid 2: 466 (1859)

subspecies :

subsp. babiana M.Laínz; Bol. Inst. Estud. Asturianos, Supl. Ci. 22(Aport. Conoc. Fl. Catanbro -Astur,xi.): 36 (1976)

Distribution: N-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Jacea janeri subsp. babiana (M.Laínz) M.Laínz; Fontqueria 3: 39 (1983)

species :

Centaurea jankae Brândzã; Analele Acad. Romane, Ser. 2, 4: 446 (1884)

Distribution: SE-Romania; Bulgaria

13 BUL ROM

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Hyaleoloma

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada jankae (Brândzã) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

species :

Centaurea jankeana Simonk.; Természetrajzi Füz. 1: 168 (1877)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Romania

13 KOS ROM SRB

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

species :

Centaurea japygica (Lacaita) Brullo; Braun-Blanquetia 2: 32 (1988)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea diomedea var. japygica Lacaita; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 32: 104 (1925)

species :

Centaurea jeffreyana Mesfin; Kew Bull. 47(4): 737 (1992)

Distribution: Eritrea

24 ERI

species :

Centaurea jiroftensis (Ranjbar & Negaresh) Ranjbar & Heydari; Phytotaxa 277(2): 183 (2016)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea phaeopappa subsp. jiroftensis Ranjbar & Negaresh; Phytotaxa 123(1): 29 (2013)

species :

Centaurea joharchii Ranjbar & Negaresh; Turk. J. Bot. 38(5): 977 (2014)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea johnseniana Strid & Kit Tan; Phytol. Balcan. 9: 476 (2003)

Distribution: N-Greece (mountains near border)

13 GRC

species :

Centaurea jordaniana Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 245 (1850)

subspecies :

subsp. jordaniana

Distribution: SE-France (SE of Villars, Alpes Maritimes)

12 FRA

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Lepteranthus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea balbisiana subsp. jordaniana (Godr.) Kerguélen; Coll. Patrim. Nat. 8 (Index Synonym. Fl. France): xii (1993)

= Centaurea procumbens subsp. jordaniana (Godr.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 131 (1905)

= Centaurea procumbens var. jordaniana (Godr.) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 99 (1907)

= Jacea jordaniana (Gren. & Godr.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 145 (1973)

subspecies :

subsp. aemilii (Briq.) Kerguélen; ERICA (France) 10: 11 (1998)

Distribution: SE-France (SE of Villars, Alpes Maritimes)

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea aemilii Briq.; Monogr. Centaurées Alpes. Marit. 91 (1902)

= Centaurea balbisiana subsp. aemilii (Briq.) Kerguélen; Coll. Patrim. Nat. 8 (Index Synonym. Fl. France): xii (1993)

= Centaurea procumbens proles aemilii (Briq.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 131 (1905)

= Centaurea procumbens subsp. aemilii (Briq.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 208 (1976)

= Centaurea procumbens var. aemilii (Briq.) Briq. & Cavill.; Fl. Alpes Marit. 7: 123 (1931)

= Centaurea procumbens var. aemilii P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 1019 (1940)

subspecies :

subsp. balbisiana (Soldano) Kerguélen; ERICA (France) 10: 11 (1998)

Distribution: SE-France (N of Nice)

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea balbisiana Soldano; Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 127(3-4): 217 (1986), nom. nov.

= Centaurea procumbens Balb.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Turin, Sci. Phys. 16: 229 (1809), nom. illeg.

= Jacea procumbens (Balb.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 145 (1973)

subspecies :

subsp. verguinii (Briq. & Cavill.) Kerguélen; ERICA (France) 10: 12 (1998)

Distribution: SE-France (Alpes Maritimes)

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea balbisiana subsp. verguinii (Briq. & Cavill.) Kerguélen; Coll. Patrim. Nat. 8 (Index Synonym. Fl. France): xii (1993)

= Centaurea procumbens subsp. verguinii (Briq. & Cavill.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 208 (1976)

= Centaurea procumbens var. verguinii Briq. & Cavill.; Fl. Alpes Marit. 7: 123 (1931)

= Centaurea verguinii (Briq. & Cavill.) Landolt; Fl. Indicativa 268 (2010)

species :

Centaurea josiae Humbert; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 15: 231 (1924)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Centaurea jurineifolia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 73 (1856)

Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria

13 BUL ROM

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta jurineifolia (Boiss.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972). as jurinifolia

= Centaurea provincialis Boiss. ex Lindem.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 55(2): 181 (1880)

= Centaurea rutifolia subsp. jurineifolia (Boiss.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 425 (1879)

species :

Centaurea kabirkuhensis Mozaff., F.Ghahrem. & Fereid.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 114: 133 (2012)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea procera Mozaff.; Iran. J. Bot. 16(2): 204 (2010), nom. illeg., homonym

species :

Centaurea kalambakensis Freyn & Sint.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 784 (1897)

Distribution: NC-Greece (near Kalambaka)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Arenariae

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta kalambakensis (Freyn & Sint.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

species :

Centaurea kamalnejadii Negaresh; Phytotaxa 363(1): 65 (2018)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea kamyaranensis Ranjbar & Negaresh; Novon 23(3): 322 (2014)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea kandavanensis Wagenitz; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139b: 392, t. 359 (1980)

Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea kanitziana Janka ex Brândzã; Analele Acad. Romane, Ser. 2, 4: 43 (1884)

Distribution: Poland; Italy; Romania; Bulgaria

11 POL 13 BUL ITA ROM

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta kanitziana (Brândzã) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

= Centaurea pseudotenuifolia Prodan; Centaur. Román. 158 (1930)

species :

Centaurea karajensis Negaresh; Phytotaxa 663(3): 158 (2024)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea karamianiae Negaresh; Phytotaxa 158(3): 228 (2014)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea kartschiana Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 140 (1771)

subspecies :

subsp. kartschiana

Distribution: NE-Italy; Croatia

13 CRO ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta kartschiana (Scop.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 134 (1972)

= Centaurea kartschiana f. troglodytes Lovrić; Acta Bot. Croat. 30: 136 (1971)

= Centaurea kartschiana var. coronata Lovrić; Acta Bot. Croat. 30: 136 (1971)

subspecies :

subsp. curictana (Lovrić) Lovrić; Acta Bot. Croat. 30: 138 (1971)

Distribution: Croatia (island of Krk)

13 CRO

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea cristata subsp. curictana Lovrić; Acta Bot. Croat. 26-27: 267 (1968)

subspecies :

subsp. lubenicensis (Trinajstić & Zi.Pavletić) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

Distribution: Croatia

13 CRO

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea dalmatica subsp. lubenicensis Trinajstić & Pavletić; Nat. Croat. 8(1): 58 (1999)

species :

Centaurea karvandarensis Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 101: 430 (1964)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Remarks: status uncertain

species :

Centaurea kavadarensis Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki, Makedonska Akad. Nauk Umet. 8(1-2): 49 (1987 publ. 1990)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

species :

Centaurea kaynakiae Daşkın & Yılmaz; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 46: 474 (2009)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea kemulariae Dumbadze; Zametki Syst. Geogr. Rast. 16: 104 (1951)

Distribution: S-European Russia; Northern Caucasus

14 RUS 33 NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea kubanica Klokov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 28: 518, 615 (1963)

= Centaurea micrantha subsp. kemulariae (Dumbadze) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(3): 118 (2000)

species :

Centaurea kermanshahensis (Wagenitz) Ranjbar & Negaresh; Turk. J. Bot. 38(5): 980 (2014)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea intricata subsp. kermanshahensis Wagenitz; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139b: 339 (1980)

species :

Centaurea kerneriana Janka; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 22: 178 (1872)

subspecies :

subsp. kerneriana

Distribution: Bulgaria (Stara Planina, Rila Planina)

13 BUL

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Lepteranthus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea derventana Janka; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 21: (1871) 287 non Vis. & Pančić

= Centaurea nervosa Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 233 (1846), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea nigra Friv.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 630 (1875)

= Jacea kerneriana (Janka) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. gheorghieffii (Halácsy) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 208 (1976)

Distribution: Bulgaria (Rila Planina)

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea gheorghieffii Halácsy; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 222 (1891)

= Centaurea kernerana subsp. gheorghieffii (Halácsy) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 208 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Jacea gheorghieffii (Halácsy) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 304 (1977)

species :

Centaurea khosraviana Negaresh; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 56(1-3): 115 (2018)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea kilaea Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 643 (1875)

Distribution: European Turkey; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)

13 TUE 34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Pannophyllum

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta kilaea (Boiss.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

species :

Centaurea kirikkalensis Özbek; Nordic J. Bot. 39(7)-e03235: 2 (2021)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea kirmacii Uysal & Armağan; Phytotaxa 362(2): 234 (2018)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea kizildaghensis Uzunh.et al.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 152: 61 (2007)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea kochiana (Holub) Greuter; Willdenowia 35(2): 227 (2005)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta kochiana Holub; Preslia 45(2): 142 (1973) (nom. nov.)

= Centaurea olympica Wagenitz; Willdenowia 6(3): 480 (1972), nom. illeg. non (DC.) Koch (1851)

species :

Centaurea koeieana Bornm.; Danish Sci. Invest. Iran 1: 31 (1945)

subspecies :

subsp. koeieana

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran)

34 IRN IRQ

subspecies :

subsp. multicaulis Negaresh; Nordic J. Bot. 33(3): 343 (2015)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea kofinasii Kit Tan; Phytol. Balcan. 28(2): 265 (2022)

Distribution: Greece

13 GRC

species :

Centaurea konkae Klokov; Trudy Inst. Bot. Kharkivs´k Derzhavn. Univ., ed. Med. 1: 93, 100 (1936)

Distribution: SE-Ukraine (by east bank of R. Dnepr, above Zaporoz´e)

14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea margaritacea subsp. konkae (Klokov) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 204 (1976)

species :

Centaurea kosaninii Hayek; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 64: 359 (1914)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania

13 ALB KOS NMA SRB

Remarks: Sect. Acroptilon

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada kosaninii (Hayek) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

species :

Centaurea kotschyana Heuff. ex W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 2: 473 (1844)

Distribution: Poland; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; N-Greece (Mt. Tzena); Ukraine

11 POL 13 ALB BIH BUL GRC KOS MNT NMA ROM SRB 14 UKR

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Orientales

Synonyms: hidden

= Acrocentron kotschyanum (Heuff.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 44 (1961)

= Centaurea heerffelii Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 15: 27, t. 801 (1852)

= Colymbada kotschyana (Heuff.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

species :

Centaurea kotschyi (Boiss.) Hayek; Centaur. Exsicc. Crit. 3: No. 140 (1921)

subspecies :

subsp. kotschyi

Distribution: Turkey (Central Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, W-Iran)

34 IRN TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Cheirolepis

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea macrolopha Fenzl; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 595 (1875)

= Chartolepis cappadocica Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 3: 137, t. 291 (1847)

= Cheirolepis kotschyi Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 107 (1849)

= Phaeopappus kotschyi (Boiss. & Heldr.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 595 (1875)

subspecies :

subsp. floccosa (Boiss.) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

Distribution: Turkey; Iran

34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea drabifolia subsp. floccosa (Boiss.) Wagenitz & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

= Centaurea kotschyi var. floccosa (Boiss.) Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 170 (1963)

= Cheirolepis detonsa (Bornm.) Soják; Novit. Bot. Delect. Seminum Horti Bot. Univ. Carol. Prag. 47 (1962)

= Cheirolepis floccosa (Boiss.) Czerep.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 469 (1960)

= Phaeopappus floccosus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 595 (1875)

= Phaeopappus floccosus subsp. detonsus Bornm.

= Phaeopappus kotschyi var. floccosus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 595 (1875)

subspecies :

subsp. persica (Boiss.) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran)

33 ARM AZE 34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea candolleana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 127 (1846)

= Centaurea gaubae (Bornm.) Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 195 (1963)

= Centaurea kotschyi var. persica (Boiss.) Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 169 (1963)

= Cheirolepis kotschyi subsp. persica (Boiss.) Takht.; Fl. Erevana 299 (1972)

= Cheirolepis persica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 108 (1849)

= Hyalea persica (Boiss.) Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 3: 23, t. 217 (1847)

= Hyalea stenophylla Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 3: 22, t. 217 (1847)

= Microlonchus persicus (Boiss.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 563 (1838)

= Phaeopappus cheirolophus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 595 (1875)

= Phaeopappus gaubae Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 49: 262 (1940)

= Psephellus persicus (DC.) Wagenitz; Willdenowia 30(1): 41 (2000)

species :

Centaurea kozjakensis Micevski; Prilozi Makedon. Akad. Nauk. Umetn. Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki 10(1): 54 (1978)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

species :

Centaurea kryloviana Serg.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 1949(1-2): 15 (1949)

Distribution: Kazakhstan

32 KAZ

species :

Centaurea kuhdashtensis Ranjbar & S.Mohamadi; Phytotaxa 480(2): 132 (2021)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea kunkelii N.Garcia; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 35(3): 165 (1998)

Distribution: SE-Spain (Sa. de Gador, Lujar)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Acrocentron

species :

Centaurea kurdica Reichardt; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 13: 1042 (1863)

subspecies :

subsp. kurdica

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

subspecies :

subsp. ciliata Negaresh; Phytotaxa 363(1): 73 (2018)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea kusanii Radić; Acta Biokovica 1: 139 (1981)

Distribution: Croatia

13 CRO

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Centaurea lacaitae Peruzzi; Inform. Bot. Ital. 40(1): 114 (2008), nom. nov.

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea dissecta var. maritima Lacaita ex Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 335 (1904)

species :

Centaurea lacerata (Hausskn.) Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 591 (1898)

Distribution: NW-Greece (Pindos)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea affinis subsp. lacerata (Hausskn.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 197 (1976)

= Centaurea affinis var. lacerata Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 8: 43 (1895)

species :

Centaurea laconica Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 660 (1875)

subspecies :

subsp. laconica

Distribution: S-Greece (Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Carduiformes

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea subarachnoidea Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 638 (1898)

= Colymbada laconica (Boiss.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. lineariloba (Halácsy & Dörfl.) E.Gamal-Eldin & Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 107(1-4): 120 (1985)

Distribution: Greece (W-Kiklades: Andros, Kea, Kithnos, Serifos, Sifnos, Paros, Milos, Folegandros, Sikinos)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea guicciardii var. lineariloba Halácsy & Dörfl.

= Centaurea spruneri subsp. lineariloba (Halácsy & Dörfl.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 195 (1976)

species :

Centaurea lactucifolia Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 622 (1875)

Name: Lattichblättrige Flockenblume (DE); Lettuce-leaved Star-thistle (EN)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos)

34 EAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea chorionensis Hoffm.-Grob. & Beauverd; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Sér. 2, 24: 221 (1931-1932 publ. 1933)

variant :

var. halkensis (Fors.-Major & Barbey) Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(3): 429 (1975)

Name: Chalki-Flockenblume (DE); Chalki Star-thistle (EN)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos, Chalki)

34 EAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea halkensis Fors.-Major & Barbey.; Halki 4: t. 1 (1891)

species :

Centaurea lagascana Graells; Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Exact. Madrid 2: 465 (1859)

Distribution: N- & NW-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Subsect. Lagascanae

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea acaulis Lag. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 151 (1865)

= Centaurea graelsii Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 429 (1879)

= Centaurea lagascana f. livida Fern.Casas & Susanna; Treb. Inst. Bot. Barcelona 10: 99 (1985 publ. 1986)

= Colymbada lagascana (Graells) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 20 (1982)

species :

Centaurea lainzii Fern.Casas; Exsicc. Quaed. Me Nuper Distr. 1: 9 (1975)

Distribution: S-Spain (Sa. Bermeja)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Acrocentron

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada lainzii (Fern.Casas) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 21 (1982)

species :

Centaurea lalica Negaresh; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 61(1): 213 (2024)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea lancifolia Sieber ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 406 (1826)

Distribution: Crete (Lefka Ori, Mt. Dikti)

13 KRI

Remarks: Subgen. Wagenitzia

Synonyms: hidden

= Amberboa lancifolia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 661 (1838)

= Chartolepis lancifolia Fenzl; Asie Min., Bot. [P.A.Tchichatscheff] 2: 327 (1860)

= Wagenitzia lancifolia (Sieber ex Spreng.) Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19: 76 (1973)

species :

Centaurea langei Nyman; Suppl. Syll. Fl. Eur. 6 (1865)

subspecies :

subsp. langei

Distribution: Portugal; NW-Spain

12 POR SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta hoffmannseggii (Hayek) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

= Centaurea aristata subsp. langeana (Willk.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 199 (1976)

= Centaurea bourgaei Schult. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 426 (1879)

= Centaurea castellana subsp. micrantha (Hoffmanns. & Link) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 426 (1879)

= Centaurea divergens Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 2, 2: 87 (1861), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea gallica var. micrantha (Hoffmanns. & Link) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 158 (1907)

= Centaurea hoffmannseggii Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 588 (1901)

= Centaurea hoffmanseggiana Lázaro Ibiza; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 29: 150 (1900), nom. superfl.

= Centaurea langeana Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 157 (1865), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea limbata proles venusta Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 13: 24 (1915), nom. inval.

= Centaurea limbata subvar. aggregata Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 13: 22 (1915)

= Centaurea limbata var. candidans Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 13: 24 (1915)

= Centaurea limbata var. melanosticta Lange; Pug. Pl. Hispan. 136 (1861)

= Centaurea limbata var. microblepharis Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 13: 21 (1915)

= Centaurea limbata var. stenocephala Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 13: 22 (1915)

= Centaurea melanosticta (Lange) Franco; Nov. Fl. Portugal, ed. 2: 478, 573 (1984)

= Centaurea micrantha f. arguta Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 13: 29 (1915)

= Centaurea micrantha Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 220 (1820 publ. 1828) non S. G. Gmel.

= Centaurea micrantha subsp. melanosticta (Lange) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 199 (1975 publ.1976)

= Centaurea micrantha var. fastigiata Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 13: 30 (1915)

= Centaurea micrantha var. laxa Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 13: 29 (1915)

= Centaurea micrantha var. squamomutica Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 1: 50 (1902)

= Centaurea paniculata proles melanosticta (Lange) Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 13: 21 (1915), nom. inval.

= Centaurea paniculata f. atra Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 13: 26 (1915)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. hoffmannseggii (Hayek) Arènes; Agron. Lusit. 11: 25 (1949), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. langeana Arènes; Agron. Lusit. 11: 21 (1949)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. micrantha (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 656 (1913)

= Centaurea paniculata var. congesta Merino; Fl. Galicia [Merino] 2: 416 (1906), non Cariot

= Centaurea paniculata var. flexicaulis Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 13: 26 (1915)

= Centaurea paniculata var. hoffmansegiana (Lázaro Ibiza) Samp.; Herb. Port. 137 (1913), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea paniculata var. melanosticta (Lange) Arènes; Agron. Lusit. 11: 27 (1949), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea paniculata var. melanosticta (Lange) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 657 (1913)

= Centaurea paniculata var. planifolia Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 13: 27 (1915)

= Centaurea xerolepida Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 1: 50 (1902)

subspecies :

subsp. coutinhoi (Franco) E.López, Devesa & Arnelas; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 48(1): 8 (2011)

Distribution: Portugal; WC-Spain (Caceres)

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea coutinhoi Franco; Nov. Fl. Portugal, ed. 2: 477, 572 (1984)

subspecies :

subsp. dominguezii E.López, Devesa & Arnelas; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 48(1): 7 (-8; fig. 3) (2011)

Distribution: WC-Spain (Arribes del Duero)

12 SPA

subspecies :

subsp. exilis (Arènes) E.López, Devesa & Arnelas; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 48(1): 8 (2011)

Distribution: Portugal; WC-Spain

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea aristata subsp. exilis (Arènes) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 199 (1976)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. exilis Arènes; Agron. Lusit. 11: 20, fig. 1-4 (1949)

subspecies :

subsp. geresensis (Arènes) E.López, Devesa & Arnelas; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 48(1): 9 (2011)

Distribution: N-Portugal (Serra do Gerez); NW-Spain

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea aristata subsp. geresensis (Arènes) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 199 (1976)

= Centaurea limbata subsp. geresensis (Arènes) Franco; Nov. Fl. Portugal, ed. 2: 476, 572 (1984)

= Centaurea paniculata f. straminea Arènes; Agron. Lusit. 11: 27 (1949)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. geresensis Arènes; Agron. Lusit. 11: 22 (1949)

subspecies :

subsp. kheilii (Pau) E.López, Devesa & Arnelas; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 48(1): 9 (2011)

Distribution: WC-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea caerulescens var. kheilii Pau; Actas Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 1897: 200 (1897)

= Centaurea limbata f. elata Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 1: 49 (1902)

subspecies :

subsp. rothmaleriana (Arènes) E.López, Devesa & Arnelas; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 48(1): 10 (2011)

Distribution: C-Portugal (Serra da Estrela)

12 POR

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta rothmaleriana (Arènes) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 304 (1977)

= Centaurea gallica f. herminii (Rouy) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 159 (1907)

= Centaurea herminii Rouy; Naturaliste 2: Ann. 5, 372 (1883)

= Centaurea micrantha subsp. herminii (Rouy) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 199 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Centaurea micrantha var. herminii (Rouy) Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 13: 30 (1915)

= Centaurea paniculata subvar. occidentalis Arènes; Agron. Lusit. 11: 20 (1949)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. rothmaleriana Arènes; Agron. Lusit. 11: 24 (1949)

= Centaurea paniculata var. herminii (Rouy) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 657 (1913)

= Centaurea rothmaleriana (Arènes) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 199 (1976)

species :

Centaurea lanigera DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 579 (1838)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus lanigerus (DC.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

species :

Centaurea lanulata Eig; Pl. Palestine 396 (1931)

Distribution: Israel (Rift Valley, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula; Jordania

34 ISR JOR SIN

species :

Centaurea latiloba Klokov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 28: 557, 620 (1963)

Distribution: Transcaucasus

Error

species :

Centaurea laureotica Heldr. ex Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 590 (1898)

Distribution: C-Greece (S-Attiki, ?Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Albiflorae. Doubtfully distinct from C. pelia

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta laureotica (Heldr. ex Halácsy) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

species :

Centaurea lavrenkoana Klokov; Nauk Zap. Kyjivs´k. Deržavn. Univ. Sevcenka 7(6): 81 (1948)

Distribution: S-European Russia; SE-Ukraine; Crimea

14 KRY RUS UKR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea, ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ovina subsp. Iavrenkoana (Klokov) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 197 (1976)

= Centaurea pseudoovina N.B.Illar.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 18: 308 (1957)

species :

Centaurea laxa Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 640 (1875)

Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq); Syria (Jazira); Jordania

34 IRQ JOR SYR TUR

species :

Centaurea legionis-septimae Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 9: 13 (1985)

Distribution: NW-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Acrocentron

species :

Centaurea leonidia Kalpoutz. & Constantin.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 146: 376 (2004)

Distribution: S-Greece (SE-Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

species :

Centaurea leptophylla (K.Koch) Tchich.; Asie Min., Bot. [P.A.Tchichatscheff] 2: 309 (1860)

Distribution: Turkey (NE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Psephellus leptophyllus (K.Koch) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 611 (1875)

= Centaurium leptophyllum K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 419 (1851)

species :

Centaurea leucadea Lacaita; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 32: 105 (1925)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta leucadea (Lacaita) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

species :

Centaurea leucomalla Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 38(2): 458 (1921)

Distribution: North Macedonia (Alsar, SE of Prilep)

13 NMA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. leucomalla (Bornm.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 205 (1976)

species :

Centaurea leucomelaena Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 758 (1931)

Distribution: Albania

13 ALB

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Maculosae, stoebe agg.

species :

Centaurea leucophaea Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 5: 64 (1847)

subspecies :

subsp. leucophaea

Distribution: SE-France; NW-Italy

12 FRA 13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Paniculatae. Sometimes included in C. paniculata

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta leucophaea (Jord.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

= Centaurea caerulescens subsp. leucophaea (Jord.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 6: 43 (1923)

= Centaurea pallidula Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 147 (1904)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. leucophaea (Jord.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 392 (1882)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. pallidula (Rouy) Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 147 (1904)

= Centaurea paniculata var. leucophaea (Jord.) St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 430 (1889)

= Centaurea paniculata Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 3(1): 53 (1788), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea praetoria Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 15: 34, t. 886 (1852)

subspecies :

subsp. biformis (Timb.-Lagr.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 200 (1976)

Distribution: SW-France (E-Pyrénées, W of Perpignan)

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea biformis Timb.-Lagr.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 10: 262 (1892)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. biformis (Timb.-Lagr.) Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 159 (1904)

= Centaurea paniculata var. biformis (Timb.-Lagr.) B.Bock; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 43: 209 (2012)

subspecies :

subsp. brunnescens (Briq.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 200 (1976)

Distribution: SE-France; NW-Italy

12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea paniculata subvar. brunnescens Briq.; Monogr. Centaurées Alpes Marit. 152 (1902)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. brunnescens (Briq.) Arrigoni; Parlatorea 6: 55 (2003)

subspecies :

subsp. ochrolopha (Costa) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 200 (1976)

Distribution: NE-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ochrolopha Costa; Fl. Catalunya 140 (1864)

= Acosta ochrolopha (Costa) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 304 (1977)

subspecies :

subsp. reuteri (Rchb.f.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 200 (1976)

Distribution: SE-France; NW-Italy

12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta reuteri (Rchb.f.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 304 (1977)

= Centaurea paniculata proles reuteri (Rchb.f.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 157 (1905)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. reuteri (Rchb.f.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 426 (1879)

= Centaurea paniculata var. reuteri (Rchb.f.) B.Bock; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 43: 210 (2012)

= Centaurea reuteri Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 15: 33, t. 780 (1852)

species :

Centaurea limbata Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 221 (1820 publ. 1828)

subspecies :

subsp. limbata

Distribution: N-Portugal; NW-Spain

12 POR SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Paniculatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta limbata (Hoffmanns. & Link) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11(1): 80 (1976)

= Centaurea limbata subvar. intermedia Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 13: 23 (1915)

= Centaurea limbata f. asperifoliata Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 13: 22 (1915)

= Centaurea limbata f. exigua Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 13: 21 (1915)

= Centaurea limbata f. mixta Merino; Contr. Fl. Galicia, Suppl. 1: 22 (1898)

= Centaurea limbata f. propinqua Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 13: 23 (1915)

= Centaurea limbata var. insularis Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 1: 49 (1902)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. limbata (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 657 (1913)

= Centaurea resupinata f. nana Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 13: 20 (1915)

= Centaurea resupinata var. finitiva Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 13: 20 (1915)

subspecies :

subsp. lusitana (Arènes) E.López & Devesa; Lagascalia 28: 421 (2008)

Distribution: WC-Portugal (Sa. de Caramulo)

12 POR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea herminii subsp. lusitana (Arènes) Franco; Nov. Fl. Portugal, ed. 2: 479, 573 (1984)

= Centaurea paniculata var. lusitana Arènes; Agron. Lusit. 11: 22 (1949)

species :

Centaurea linifolia L.; Mant. Pl. 117 (1767)

Distribution: E-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Lepteranthus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea linarifolia Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 321 (1841), sphalm.

= Centaurea linearifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 667 (1783), sphalm.

= Jacea linifolia (L.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 229 (1974)

= Lepteranthus linifolius (L.) Webb; Iter Hispan. [Webb] 32 (1838)

species :

Centaurea litardierei Jahand. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 16: 76 (1925)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada litardierei (Jahand. & Maire) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

species :

Centaurea litigiosa (Fiori) Arrigoni; Parlatorea 6: 77 (2003)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea paniculata f. litigiosa Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 338 (1904)

species :

Centaurea litochorea T.Georgiadis & Phitos; Ann. Univ. Provence Sci. 5(1): 31 (1978 publ. 1979)

Distribution: NC-Greece (Mt. Olimpos)

13 GRC

species :

Centaurea longepedunculata Sch.Bip.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 668 (1875)

Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq)

34 IRQ

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada longepedunculata (Boiss.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 316 (1972)

species :

Centaurea longifimbriata Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 223, t. 1 (1974)

Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Grossheimia longifimbriata (Wagenitz) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11(1): 83 (1976)

= Grossheimia longifimbriata (Wagenitz) Gagnidze; Feddes Repert. 113(7-8): 624 (2002), isonym

species :

Centaurea longispina (Post) Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 170 (1963)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon)

34 LEB

Synonyms: hidden

= Cheirolepis longispina (Post) Czerep.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 469 (1960)

= Phaeopappus longispinus Post; Pl. Postianae 2: 14 (1891)

species :

Centaurea lovricii Bogdanović, Borsic, Ljubičić, Brullo & Giusso; PhytoKeys 214: 99, figs. 1-4 (2022)

Distribution: Croatia

13 CRO

species :

Centaurea lugdunensis Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 5: 49 (1847)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea triumfettii subsp. lugdunensis (Jord.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 209 (1976)

= Cyanus lugdunensis (Jord.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 96 (1869)

species :

Centaurea luristanica Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 88: 265 (1951)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea luschaniana Heimerl; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50(2): 113 (1885)

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea lusitanica Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 85 (1856)

Distribution: C- & S-Portugal; Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I])

12 POR 21 mdr

Remarks: Subgen. Seridia

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapoides lusitanica (Boiss. & Reut.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 170 (1973)

= Centaurea lusitanica var. crassifolia P.Silva; Agron. Lusit. 24: 175 (1964)

= Centaurea sphaerocephala subsp. lusitanica (Boiss. & Reut.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 432 (1879)

= Centaurea sphaerocephala var. microcephala Welw. ex Mariz; Bol. Soc. Brot. 10: 210 (1892)

species :

Centaurea lycaonica Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 5: 111 (1856)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea lycia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 109 (1849)

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea lycopifolia Boiss. & Kotschy; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 693 (1875)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea aintabica Bornm.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 20 (1917)

= Centaurea lapsanifolia Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 473 (1895)

= Phaeopappus aintabicus Post; Fl. Syria [Post] 472 (1896)

= Tomanthea aintabica (Post) Czerep.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 475 (1960)

species :

Centaurea lydia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 20 (1844)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea meissneri Friv. ex Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 251 (1907)

species :

Centaurea macedonica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 130 (1846)

Distribution: C-Albania; NE-Greece (around Thessaloniki)

13 ALB GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Acroptilon

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea korthiaca Adamović ex Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 753 (1931)

= Centaurea thessalonica Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 2: 160 (1902)

= Colymbada macedonica (Boiss.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 228 (1974)

species :

Centaurea macroacantha Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 518 (1844)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

species :

Centaurea macrocephala Muss.Puschk. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3(3): 2298 (1803)

Name: Globe centaurea, big-head knapweed, yellow bachelor´s button or cornflower (EN), Großköpfige Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Poland [I]; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (NE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan); Canada [I] (Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Colorado [I], Michigan [I], Washington [I], Wisconsin [I])

11 ger pol 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN TUR 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa

Remarks: Subgen. Grossheimia

Synonyms: hidden

= Grossheimia macrocephala (Muss.Puschk. ex Willd.) Sosn. & Takht.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 3: No. 1, 23 (1945)

= Grossheimia macrocephala var. minor Sosn. & Takht.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 3(1): 24 (1945)

= Phaeopappus macrocephalus (Muss.Puschk. ex Willd.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 124 (1846)

= Phaeopappus macrocephalus (Muss.Puschk. ex Willd.) Freyn & Sint.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 44: 220 (1894), isonym

= Plumosipappus macrocephalus (Muss.Puschk. ex Willd.) Czerep.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 458 (1960)

species :

Centaurea macroptilon Borbás; Magyar Orv. Termész. Vándorgyül. Türt. Vázl. Munk. 23: 192 (1877)

Distribution: Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria

11 AUT HUN POL SLO 13 BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Fimbriatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea macroptilon Borbás ex Rohlena; Acta Bot. Bohem. 2: 6 (1923)

= Centaurea osmanica Conrath; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 37: 424 (1887)

= Jacea macroptilon (Borbás) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

= Jacea osmanica (Conrath) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140: 132 (1972)

species :

Centaurea magistrorum Arrigoni & Camarda; Parlatorea 6: 79 (2003)

Distribution: Sardinia

12 SAR

species :

Centaurea magocsyana J.Wagner; Magyar Bot. Lapok 2: 281 (1903)

Distribution: Romania

13 ROM

species :

Centaurea maireana Emb.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 11: 185 (1931)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada maireana (Emb.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

species :

Centaurea majorovii Dumbadze; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 5(2): 47 (1946)

Distribution: S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus

14 KRY RUS UKR 33 NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea arenaria subsp. majorovii (Dumbadze) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 197 (1976)

species :

Centaurea malacitana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 85 (1856)

Distribution: S-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Seridia

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapoides malacitana (Boiss.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 170 (1973)

= Centaurea sonchifolia subsp. malacitana (Boiss.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 431 (1879)

= Centaurea sphaerocephala subsp. malacitana (Boiss.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 203 (1976)

species :

Centaurea malatyensis Kültür & M.Bona; Phytotaxa 247(1): 86 (2016)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea malinvaldiana Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 355 (1886), et in Batt. & Trab. Atlas fl. Alger.(1886) 15 t. 11

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Acrocentron

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea battandieri Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 7-8: 230 (1904)

= Centaurea cossoniana Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 35: 341 (1888) non Ball

= Centaurea granatensis subsp. battandieri (Hochr.) Maire

= Centaurea granatensis subsp. malinvaldiana (Batt.) Maire

= Centaurea granatensis var. purpurea Maire

= Centaurea malinvaldiana Batt. var. cossoniana Batt.

= Colymbada malinvaldiana (Batt.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

species :

Centaurea mannagettae Podp.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 52: 661 (1902)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Bulgaria

13 BUL KOS SRB

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Acroptilon

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada mannagettae (Podp.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

species :

Centaurea mantoudii T.Georgiadis; Contr. Phylogén. Centaurea L. (sect. Acrolophus (Cass.) DC.) en Grèce 56 (1980)

Distribution: C-Greece (N-Evvoia)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Albiflorae. Doubtfully distinct from C. pelia

species :

Centaurea maramarosiensis (Jáv.) Czerep.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 20: 395 (1960)

Distribution: Slovakia; Romania; Ukraine

11 SLO 13 ROM 14 UKR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea mollis f. maramarosiensis Jáv.; Magyar Fl. 1170 (1925)

= Centaurea mollis subsp. maramarosiensis (Jáv.) Soó

= Centaurea montana subsp. maramarosiensis (Jáv.) Soják

= Cyanus maramarosiensis (Jáv.) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 14 (1984)

= Cyanus montanus subsp. maramarosiensis (Jáv.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 131 (1972)

species :

Centaurea marashica Uzunh., Tekşen & E.Doğan; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 42(4): 309 (2005)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea margaritalba Klokov; Trudy Inst. Bot. Kharkivs´k Derzhavn. Univ., ed. Med. 1: 81, 100 (1936)

Distribution: S-Ukraine (E-side of estuary of River Bug)

14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea margaritacea subsp. margaritalba (Klokov) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 204 (1976)

species :

Centaurea mariana Nyman; Suppl. Syll. Fl. Eur. 6 (1865)

Distribution: SE-Spain (Almeria)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Subsect. Lagascanae

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea funkii Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 83 (1856)

= Centaurea granatensis subsp. boetica (Willk.) Font Quer; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 1: 310 (1947)

= Centaurea macrorrhiza var. boetica Willk.; Linnaea 25: 38 (1852)

= Centaurea macrorrhiza Willk.; Linnaea 25: 38 (1852)

= Colymbada macrorrhiza (Willk.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 304 (1977)

= Colymbada mariana (Nyman) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 19 (1982)

species :

Centaurea marmorea Bornm. & Soska; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 42: 127 (1937)

Distribution: North Macedonia; NE-Greece (Mt. Falakron etc.)

13 GRC NMA

variant :

var. prilepense Micevski; Posebno Izd. Mus. Macedonici Sci. Nat. 7: 86 (1976)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

species :

Centaurea maroccana Ball; J. Bot. 11: 370 (1873)

Distribution: SE-Spain; Morocco; Algeria; Libya

12 SPA 20 ALG LBY MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa maroccana (Ball) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 143 (1973)

= Centaurea pterodonta Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 28 (1874)

species :

Centaurea masjedsoleymanensis Ranjbar & Askari; Phytotaxa 361(2): 151 (2018)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea matthiolifolia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 19 (1844)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea akcadaghensis Uysal & Şirin; Medit. Bot. 41(2): 174 (2020)

= Centaurea axillaris var. matthiolifolia (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 637 (1875)

= Centaurea cana subsp. matthiolifolia (Boiss.) Sosn.; Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 2: 91 (1926)

= Centaurea cana var. sultanensis Bornm.; Feddes Repert. 89: 375 (1944)

= Centaurea triumfettii var. matthiolifolia (Boiss.) Dostál; Preslia 10: 63 (1931)

= Centaurea variegata subf. matthiolifolia (Boiss.) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 111 (1908)

= Cyanus akcadaghensis (Uysal & Şirin) Raab-Straube & Greuter; Willdenowia 51(1): 145 (2021)

= Cyanus matthiolifolius (Boiss.) Wagenitz & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

species :

Centaurea mayeri Radić; Acta Biokovica 1: 139 (1981)

Distribution: Croatia

13 CRO

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Centaurea melanocephala Pančić; Fl. Serbiae 443 (1874)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Albania

13 ALB KOS SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea candelabrum Hayek & Košanin; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 746 (1931)

= Colymbada candelabrum (Hayek & Košanin) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

species :

Centaurea melitensis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 917 (1753)

Name: Malteser Flockenblume (DE); Hierba de cristo (ES), Maltese star-thistle (EN)

Distribution: Norway [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Poland [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera, Mallorca, Menorca); France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Greece (Kiklades: Milos); SE-Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.); Islas Selvagens; Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Ilha Brava); Ethiopia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); East Aegaean Isl. [I] (Karpathos [I]); Yemen [I] (W-Yemen [I]); India [c] (Tamil Nadu [c]); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Easter Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Kahoolawe Isl. [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Massachusetts [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], Nevada [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Washington [I], Wisconsin [I]); Mexico [I] (Baja California [I]); Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Arica y Parinacota [I], Tarapacá [I], Antofagasta [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Magallanes [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]

10 nor 11 bgm ger pol swi 12 BAL COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 BIH CRO GRC ITA KRI MLT MNT PEL SIC 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY CVI MDR SEL 24 eth 26 zim 27 saf 34 eai 35 yem 40 ind 50 aus lhi nfk 51 nzl 60 nwc 61 eas 63 haw 71 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 83 bol ecu per 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf uru

Remarks: Subgen. Solstitiaria

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa conferta Moench; Methodus [Moench] 564 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Calcitrapa melitensis (L.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 133 (1972)

= Calcitrapa patibilcensis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.], ed. fol. 4: 18 (1818)

= Calcitrapa sessiliflora Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 35 (1779)

= Centaurea americana Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 407 (1826), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea apula Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 674 (1783)

= Centaurea congesta Willd. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 593 (1838)

= Centaurea glomerata Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 2: 360 (1846)

= Centaurea melitensis f. apula (Lam.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 658 (1913)

= Centaurea patibilcensis (Kunth) F.Dietr.; Neu. Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 2: 436 (1826)

= Centaurea sessiliflora Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 35 (1779)

= Cyanus melitensis (L.) Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 383 (1791)

= Seridia melitensis (L.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

= Solstitiaria melitensis (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 62 (1768)

= Triplocentron apulum (Lam.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 55: 349 (1826)

= Triplocentron melitense (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 38 55: 349 (1827)

species :

Centaurea mengenensis Uysal & Åzirin; Nordic J. Bot. 2022(4)-e03389: 5 (2022)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea mersinensis Uysal & Hamzaoğlu; Pl. Biosystems 151(5): 815 (2016)

Distribution: Turkey (Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea mesopotamica Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 20 2: 170 (1906)

Distribution: Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Syria (Jazira); Saudi Arabia (Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait

34 IRQ SYR 35 KUW SAU

species :

Centaurea messenicolasiana T.Georgiadis, Dimitrellos & Routsi; Willdenowia 25(2): 563 (1996)

Distribution: NC-Greece

13 GRC

Remarks: known from only one locality

species :

Centaurea micevskii Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003), nom. nov.

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea wagenitzii Micevski; Prilozi Makedon. Akad. Nauk. Umetn. Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki 8(1-2): 49 (1990) (non Hub.-Mor. 1967)

species :

Centaurea microcarpa Coss. & Durieu ex Batt. & Trab.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 500 (1889)

Distribution: Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG TUN

species :

Centaurea microcnicus Reese & Sam.; Ark. Bot., a. s. 1: 326 (1950)

Distribution: Iraq; Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira)

34 IRQ LEB SYR

species :

Centaurea microlonchoides Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 127 (1846)

Distribution: Iran (S-Iran, SW-Iran)

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Phaeopappus microlonchoides (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 602 (1875)

species :

Centaurea microlopha (Boiss.) Ranjbar & Negaresh; Phytotaxa 123(1): 23 (2013)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea spectabilis var. microlopha (Boiss.) Wagenitz

= Phaeopappus microlophus Boiss.; Asie Min., Bot. [P.A.Tchichatscheff] 2: 308 (1860)

= Tomanthea microlopha (Boiss.) Czerep.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 474 (1960)

species :

Centaurea molesworthiae E.López, Devesa & García Rojas; Nordic J. Bot. 30(4): 422 (2012)

Distribution: S-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Orientales

species :

Centaurea mollis Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 3: 243 (1807)

Distribution: Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Slovenia; Croatia; Romania; Ukraine

11 CZE HUN POL SLO 13 CRO ROM SLV 14 UKR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus mollis (Waldst. & Kit.) J.Presl & C.Presl; Fl. Čech. 179 (1819)

= Cyanus montanus subsp. mollis (Waldst. & Kit. ex Besser) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 131 (1972)

species :

Centaurea monodii Arènes; Bull. Inst. Franç. Afrique Noire 15: 66 (1953)

Distribution: Mauritania

22 MTN

species :

Centaurea montaltensis (Fiori) Peruzzi; Inform. Bot. Ital. 40(1): 114 (2008)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea dissecta f. montaltensis Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 4: 187 (1907)

species :

Centaurea montana L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 911 (1753)

Name: Berg-Flockenblume (DE), Mountain Cornflower, Perennial Cornflower (EN)

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I], Outer Hebrides [I], Orkney Isl. [I], Shetland Isl. [I], Isles of Scilly [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Finland [I]; Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; Germany (Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], +Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt [I], Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Spain; Andorra; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; NW-European Russia; Java [I]; Alaska [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Idaho [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Montana [I], New Hampshire [I], New York [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Utah [I], Washington [I], Wisconsin [I])

10 fin grb ire nor swe 11 AUT bgm CZE GER LIE lux net POL SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 BIH CRO ITA KOS SLV SRB 14 est lat lit RUS 42 jaw 70 ask 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa

Remarks: Subgen. Cyanus. See also C. triumfettii which is frequently confused

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea angustifolia Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 7 (1768)

= Centaurea carpathica Geners.; Elench. Scepus. 824 (1798), nomen

= Centaurea caucasica M.Bieb. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 579 (1838)

= Centaurea chlorantha Adams ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 699 (1846)

= Centaurea floccosa Schloss. ex Vuk.; Rad Jugoslav. Akad. Znan. 58: 149 (1881)

= Centaurea graminifolia Pourr. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 159 (1865)

= Centaurea leucantha Adams; Beitr. Naturk. [Weber & Mohr] 1: 74 (1805), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea montana f. dentata Dostál; Preslia 10: 68 (1931)

= Centaurea montana f. pettersii Opiz ex Dostál; Preslia 10: 68 (1931)

= Centaurea montana f. undulata (Godr.) Dostál; Preslia 10: 68 (1931)

= Centaurea montana subsp. angustifolia (Mill.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 1022 (1940)

= Centaurea montana var. angustifolia (Mill.) Lej.; Rev. Fl. Spa 181 (1825)

= Centaurea montana var. cyanantha (Châtenier) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 142 (1905)

= Centaurea montana var. eichenfeldtii (Hayek) Murr; Neue Übers. Bl.-Pfl. Vorarlberg Liechtenstein 3(1): 333 (1924)

= Centaurea montana var. occitanica Rouy & B.-A.Martin; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 35: 442 (1888)

= Centaurea montana var. pradensis O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 92 (1987 publ. 1988)

= Centaurea montana var. pyrenaica Godr. & Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 249 (1850)

= Centaurea montana var. sinuata Lej.; Comp. Fl. Belg. 3: 130 (1836)

= Centaurea montana var. undulata Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 249 (1850)

= Centaurea serrata Kitt.; Taschenb. Fl. Deutschl., ed. 2: 563 (1844)

= Centaurea seusana Benth.; Cat. Pl. Pyrénées 68 (1826), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea seusana var. angustifolia Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 400 (1829)

= Cyanus angustifolius (Mill.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140: 131 (1972)

= Cyanus montanus (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 64 (1768)

= Jacea alata Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 53 (1779)

= Setachna montana (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 519 (1867)

species :

Centaurea monticola Boiss. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 302 (1838)

Distribution: SE-Spain (Sa. Nevada, Sa. Magina); Morocco

12 SPA 20 MOR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Willkommia

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta monticola (DC.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

= Centaurea boissieri var. orthocantha Pau & Font Quer

= Centaurea monticola subsp. orthoacantha (Pau & Font Quer) Ibn Tattou; Bocconea 8: 29 (1998)

= Centaurea monticola var. funkii Schultz Sch. ex Cuatrec.; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sér. Bot. 12: 468 (1929)

= Centaurea monticola var. orthocantha Pau & Font Quer; Iter Marocc. [Font Quer], Exsicc. 1930: no. 701 (1932)

species :

Centaurea montis-borlae Soldano; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 112(5-6): 399 (1978 publ. 1979)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Centaurea mouterdei Wagenitz; Candollea 36: 366, f. 1 (1981)

Distribution: Lebanon (C-Lebanon)

34 LEB

species :

Centaurea movlavia Parsa; Fl. Iran [Parsa] 10: 173 (1980)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea mozaffarianii Negaresh; Phytotaxa 363(1): 73 (2018)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea mucurensis Teyber; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 63: 492 (1913)

Distribution: Croatia

13 CRO

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Centaurea murbeckii Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 639 (1901)

Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina

13 BIH

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Orientales

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada murbeckii (Hayek) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 228 (1974)

species :

Centaurea musakii T.Georgiadis; Bot. Not. 132(3): 311 (1979)

Distribution: NC-Greece

13 GRC

Remarks: near C. niederi and C. wettsteinii

species :

Centaurea musarum Boiss. & Orph.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(5): 112 (1856)

Distribution: C-Greece (Mt. Parnassos)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis

species :

Centaurea musilii Velen.; Vĕstn. Král. České Společn. Nauk, Tř. Mat.-Přír. 1911(11): 9 (1912)

Distribution: Saudi Arabia (N-Saudi Arabia)

35 SAU

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Centaurea musimomum Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 9: 180 (1918)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

species :

Centaurea nallihanensis Uysal & Hamzaoğlu; Phytotaxa 275(2): 150 (2016)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea nana Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 296, t. 241 (1799)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea raphanina Sieber ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 322 (1841), nom. inval.

= Colymbada nana (Desf.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

= Menomphalus nanus (Desf.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 33 (1874)

species :

Centaurea napifolia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 916 (1753)

Distribution: Baleares (Menorca); France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

12 BAL COR FRA SAR 13 ITA SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN

Remarks: Subgen. Seridia

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa napifolia (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 564 (1794)

= Calcitrapoides napifolia (L.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 170 (1973)

= Centaurea romana L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 916 (1753)

= Centaurea zanonii Sebast. & Maur.; Fl. Român. Prodr. 298 (1818)

= Cistrum napifolium (L.) Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 36 (1762)

= Cyanus napifolius (L.) Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 383 (1791)

= Pectinastrum napifolium (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 38 (1826)

= Seridia napifolia (L.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

species :

Centaurea napulifera Rochel; Magyar Tud. Társ. Évk. 2: 260 (1835)

Distribution: SE-Romania; Bulgaria

13 BUL ROM

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus. Possibly conspecific with C. thirkei

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea carlovensis Friv. ex Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 115 (1907), orth. var.

= Centaurea karlowensis Friv. ex Hampe; Flora 20: 228 (1837)

= Centaurea subdepressa Stef. & T.Georgiev; Spis. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 44: 183 (1931)

= Cyanus napulifer (Rochel) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 131 (1972)

species :

Centaurea neiceffii Degen & H.Wagner; Period. Spis. Bulg. Knizh. Družh. 49: 4 (1908)

Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria

13 BUL ROM

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Orientales

species :

Centaurea nemecii Nábělek; Spisy Přír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 52: 44, t. 10 (1925)

Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia); Iran (W-Iran)

34 IRN TUR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus nemecii (Nábělek) Opiz

= Jacea nemecii (Opiz) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 18(2): 204 (1983)

species :

Centaurea nerimaniae Kültür; Nordic J. Bot. 28(5): 613 (2010)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea nervosa Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 925 (1809)

subspecies :

subsp. nervosa

Name: Fedrige Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; N-Greece (mountains near border)

11 AUT SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Lepteranthus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ambigua Thom. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 573 (1838)

= Centaurea austriaca Rochel; Pl. Banat. Rar. 76 (1828)

= Centaurea austriaca subsp. nervosa (Willd.) Ces.; Not. Nat. Civ. Lombardia [Cattaneo] 1: 302 (1844)

= Centaurea berini Sieber ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 319 (1841)

= Centaurea cirrata Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 214 (1831)

= Centaurea flocculosa Balb. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 422 (1879)

= Centaurea nervosa f. kojicii Gajić; Glasn. Prír. Mus. Beogradu, Ser. B, Biol. Nauke 27: 34 (1972)

= Centaurea nervosa f. sessilifolia Gajić; Bull. Acad. Serbe Sci. Arts, Sci. Nat. 54(14): 19 (1976)

= Centaurea nervosa subsp. ferdinandii (Gren.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 428 (1879)

= Centaurea nervosa subsp. josifovicii Gajić; Bull. Acad. Serbe Sci. Arts, Sci. Nat. 54(14): 15 (1976)

= Centaurea phrygia var. nervosa Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 214 (1832)

= Centaurea plumosa Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 22: 44 (1872)

= Centaurea pseudouniflora Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 35 (1853)

= Centaurea sublanuginosa Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 899, Index (1866)

= Centaurea uniflora proles ferdinandii (Gren.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 133 (1905)

= Centaurea uniflora subsp. ferdinandii (Gren.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 6: 45 (1923)

= Centaurea uniflora subsp. nervosa (Willd.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 180 (1894)

= Centaurea uniflora var. ambigua (Gaudin) Briq. & Cavill.; Fl. Alpes Marit. 7: 132 (1931)

= Centaurea uniflora var. nervosa (Willd.) Burnat; Monogr. Centaurées Alpes Marit. 101 (1902)

= Centaurea vochinensis var. flocculosa Bernh. ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 214 (1831)

= Jacea cirrata (Rchb.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140: 132 (1972)

= Jacea nervosa (Willd.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 44 (1961)

subspecies :

subsp. davidovii (Urum.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 790 (1931)

Distribution: Bulgaria (Stara Planina)

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea davidovii Urum.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 13: 58 (1907)

= Centaurea uniflora subsp. davidovii (Urum.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 208 (1976)

= Jacea davidovii (Urum.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 229 (1974)

species :

Centaurea nevadensis Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 71 (1856)

Distribution: EC- & SE-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea debeauxii subsp. nevadensis (Boiss. & Reut.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 206 (1975)

= Centaurea inuloides Willk.; Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 96 (1893)

= Centaurea nigra subsp. nevadensis (Boiss. & Reut.) Malag.; Subesp. Variación Geogr. 15 (1973), without basionym date

= Jacea nevadensis (Boiss. & Reut.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 316 (1972)

species :

Centaurea nicolai Bald.; Malpighia 5: 74 (1891)

Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Albania

13 ALB BIH CRO MNT

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Acrocentron

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea lanceolata (Vis.) Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: (Cent.-Art. Österr.-Ung. 24) 608 (1901)

= Centaurea salonitana var. lanceolata Vis.

= Colymbada lanceolata (Vis.) Holub; Preslia 46: 228 (1974)

= Colymbada nicolai (Bald.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 304 (1977)

species :

Centaurea niederi Heldr.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 13: 380 (1860)

Distribution: W-Greece (S-Epiros, NW-Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Pannophyllum

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta niederi (Heldr.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

species :

Centaurea nigerica Hutch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1921: 383 (1921)

Distribution: Guinea; Nigeria; Cameroon

22 GUI NGA 23 CMN

species :

Centaurea nigra L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 911 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. nigra

Name: Schwarze Flockenblume (DE), Black Knapweed, Common Knapweed (EN)

Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern [I], Hamburg [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland); Austria; Poland; Czech Republic [I]; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Italy; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Algeria [I]; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Victoria [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (California [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Iowa [I], Kentucky [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I]); Chile [I] (Araucanía [I])

10 DEN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM cze GER LUX NET POL 12 ADO CIS FRA SPA 13 BIH CRO ITA 20 alg 50 aus 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 85 cle

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Lepteranthus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea babingtonii Lacaita ex Hayek; Centaur. Exsicc. Crit. 4: 157 (1924)

= Centaurea commutata Timb.-Lagr. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 421 (1879)

= Centaurea endresii Hochst. & Steud. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 320 (1841)

= Centaurea fulva A.Huet; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 19: 254 (1853)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. nigra (L.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 180 (1894)

= Centaurea jacea var. nigra (L.) Coss. & Germ.; Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris, éd. 2: 484 (1861)

= Centaurea jacea var. nigra (L.) Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 55 (1879), isonym

= Centaurea microptilon Godr. & Gren.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 242 (1779)

= Centaurea nemoralis subsp. montana Oberd.; Pflanzensoziol. Exkursionsfl. [Oberdorfer], 2. Aufl.: 916 (1962), nom. inval.

= Centaurea nemoralis subsp. obscura (Jord.) Berher; Fl. Vosges [Louis], éd. 2: 141 (1887)

= Centaurea nigra f. pallens (W.D.J.Koch) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 764 (1914)

= Centaurea nigra var. amara Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 337 (1812)

= Centaurea nigra var. decipiens Bab.; Man. Brit. Bot. [Babington], ed. 7: 198 (1874), non C. decipiens Thuill.

= Centaurea nigra var. pallens W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 1: 303 (1843)

= Centaurea nigrescens DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 571 (1838) non Willd.

= Centaurea nigricans Link ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 401 (1826)

= Centaurea obscura Jord.; Arch. Fl. France Allem. [F.W.Schultz] 320 (1854)

= Centaurea pratensis var. microcephala Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 126 (1905)

= Centaurea rufescens Noulet ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 422 (1879)

= Centaurea sessiliflora L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 912 (1753)

= Centaurea spathulata Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1(Prodr.): LI (1812)

= Centaurea vulgaris var. nigra (L.) Godr.; Fl. Lorraine 2: 54 (1843)

= Cyanus niger (L.) Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 382 (1791)

= Jacea nigra (L.) Garsault; Fig. Pl. Med. t. 310 (1764)

= Jacea nigra (L.) Hill; Herb. Brit. [Hill] 1: 83 (1769)

= Jacea vulgaris Bernh.; Syst. Verz. Pfl. Erfurt [Bernhardi] 158 (1800)

= Phrygia nigra (L.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 442 (1821), nom. superfl.

= Phrygia nigra var. tomentosa Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 442 (1821 publ. 1822)

= Platylophus obscurus (Jord.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 96 (1869)

= Rhaponticum ciliatum Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 39 (1779)

= Setachna microptilon Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 519 (1867)

= Setachna nigra (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 519 (1867)

subspecies :

subsp. aterrima (Hayek) Hayek; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 213 (1918)

Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina

13 BIH

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea aterrima Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 731 (1901)

= Jacea aterrima (Hayek) Holub; Preslia 45: 145 (1973)

subspecies :

subsp. carpetana (Boiss. & Reut.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 422 (1879)

Distribution: Portugal; WC- & C-Spain

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea amara var. paularensis Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 15: 68 (1916)

= Centaurea carpetana Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. 65 (1852)

= Centaurea carpetana var. calcicola Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 15: 68 (1916)

= Centaurea carpetana var. maiorifolia Pau; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 8: 50 (1908)

= Centaurea nigra subsp. carpetana (Boiss. & Reut.) Malag.; Subesp. Variación Geogr. 15 (1973), without basionym date

= Centaurea pratensis proles carpetana (Boiss. & Reut.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 126 (1905)

= Centaurea pratensis subsp. carpetana (Boiss. & Reut.) Arènes; Centaurea Fr. sous-sect. Eu-Jacea 26 (1939)

= Jacea carpetana (Boiss. & Reut.) Holub; Preslia 45: 145 (1973)

subspecies :

subsp. endressii (Dostál) Arnelas & Devesa; Acta Bot. Malac. 36: 47 (2011)

Distribution: NE-Spain (Pyrénées); SW-France

12 FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea coronata Lamy; Compt. Rend. Congr. Archeol. Assoc. Sci., Gueret 94 (1865)

= Centaurea debeauxii subsp. endressii (Hochst. & Steud. ex Lamotte) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 206 (1976)

= Centaurea endressii Hochst. & Steud. ex Lamotte; Prodr. Fl. Plat. Centr. 2: 433 (1881)

= Centaurea endressii Hochst. & Steud. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 320 (1841)

= Centaurea nigra f. radiata (DC.) F.Seym.; Phytologia Mem. 5: 606 (1982)

= Centaurea nigra var. radiata DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3: 460 (1815)

= Centaurea nigricans DC. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 321 (1841)

subspecies :

subsp. gueryi (Maire) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 15: 100 (1924)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea gueryi Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 15: 100 (1924)

subspecies :

subsp. nemoralis (Jord.) Gremli; Excursionsfl. Schweiz, ed. 2: 248 (1874)

Name: Hain-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Niedersachsen [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland, Sachsen [I], Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; France; Italy

11 GER SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea capitata (W.D.J.Koch & Ziz) Wender.; Fl. Hassiaca [Wenderoth] 301 (1846), nom. inval.

= Centaurea debeauxii subsp. montana R.Knapp; Oberhess. Naturwiss. Z. 43: 98 (1977), nom. inval.

= Centaurea debeauxii subsp. nemoralis (Jord.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 207 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Centaurea debeauxii var. minima (C.E.Britton) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 4: 531 (2006)

= Centaurea debeauxii var. nemoralis (Jord.) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland (2006)

= Centaurea nemoralis Jord.; Mém. Acad. Natl. Sci. Lyon, Cl. Sci. 1 (Pug. Pl. Nov. Gall.): 104 (1852)

= Centaurea nemoralis var. minima C.E.Britton; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 6: 414 (1922)

= Centaurea nigra proles nemoralis (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 129 (1905)

= Centaurea nigra f. pallescens (Spenn.) Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 214 (1919)

= Centaurea nigra var. nemoralis (Jord.) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 764 (1914)

= Centaurea nigra var. pallescens Spenn.; Fl. Friburg. 2: 500 (1826)

= Jacea nemoralis (Jord.) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 14 (1984), isonym

= Jacea nemoralis (Jord.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

= Platylophus nemoralis (Jord.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 96 (1869)

subspecies :

subsp. rivularis (Brot.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 655 (1913)

Distribution: NW-Spain; N- & C-Portugal

12 POR SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea nigra proles rivularis (Brot.) Samp.; Fl. Portugal, ed. 2, Pires de Lima 596 (1947), nom. inval.

= Centaurea nigra var. pallida Lange; Pug. Pl. Hispan. 134 (1861)

= Centaurea rivularis Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 1: 367 (1804)

= Jacea rivularis (Brot.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

species :

Centaurea nigrescens Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2288 (1803)

subspecies :

subsp. nigrescens

Name: Schwärzliche Flockenblume (DE), Tyrol knapweed (EN)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria; Hungary; France; Italy; San Marino; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; C-Greece (rare); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Argentina [I]

11 AUT ger HUN 12 FRA 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS ROM SMA SRB 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 85 arg

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Nigrescentes

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea bracteata Balb. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 319 (1841), nom. inval.

= Centaurea brevipappa Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 71 (1856)

= Centaurea denticulata Lej.; Rev. Fl. Spa 183 (1825)

= Centaurea dubia f. hedraeantha (Beck) Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 210 (1919)

= Centaurea dubia f. microchaetes (Borbás) Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 210 (1919)

= Centaurea dubia f. praticola (Beck) Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 210 (1919), isonym

= Centaurea dubia subsp. nigrescens (Willd.) Hayek; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 210 (1918), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea jacea subsp. nigrescens (Willd.) Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2(2) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2): 250 (1871)

= Centaurea jacea var. nigrescens (Willd.) Vis.; (1848)

= Centaurea kochii Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 421 (1879)

= Centaurea nigrescens var. intermedia Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 397 (1829)

= Centaurea nigrescens var. monocephala Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 2: 171 (1851), nom. inval.

= Centaurea nigrescens var. nana Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 337 (1812)

= Centaurea nigrescens var. vulgaris Bluff & Fingerh.; Comp. Fl. German. [Bluff & Fingerhuth] 1: 407 (1825), nom. inval.

= Centaurea pratensis subsp. nigrescens (Willd.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 1017 (1940)

= Centaurea schemnitzensis Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 213 (1832), nom. inval.

= Centaurea schemnitzensis Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 322 (1841)

= Centaurea sciaphila Vuk.; Rad Jugoslav. Akad. Znan. 58: 150 (1881)

= Centaurea subcordata Freyn & Sint.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 42: 237 (1892)

= Centaurea trapezuntina Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(1): 630 (1875)

= Centaurea tubulosa Chab. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 421 (1879)

= Centaurea vochinensis var. major Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 214 (1831)

= Cyanus nigrescens J.Presl & C.Presl; Fl. Čech. 179 (1819)

= Jacea brevipappa (Boiss. & Reut.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 145 (1973)

= Jacea nigrescens (Willd.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

= Phrygia pratensis Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 442 (1821)

= Setachna nigrescens (Willd.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 519 (1867)

subspecies :

subsp. neapolitana (Boiss.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 206 (1976)

Distribution: C-Italy; S-Italy

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea neapolitana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 72 (1856)

= Jacea neapolitana (Boiss.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 145 (1973)

subspecies :

subsp. pinnatifida (Fiori) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 206 (1976)

Distribution: Italy (NC-Appennini: E of Firenze)

13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea jacea f. pinnatifida Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 326 (1904)

subspecies :

subsp. ramosa Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 69 (1907)

Distribution: SE-France; NW-Italy

12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ramosa (Gugler) Hayek; Centaur. Exsicc. Crit. 4: 155 (1924), Soest in Ned. Kruidk. Arch.,Versl. 54: 80 (1947)

subspecies :

subsp. smolinensis (Hayek) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 206 (1976)

Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina

13 BIH

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea smolinensis Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 719 (1901)

= Jacea smolinensis (Hayek) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 229 (1974)

subspecies :

subsp. transalpina (Mérat) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 421 (1879)

Name: Südalpen-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; France; Italy

11 AUT ger LIE POL SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea dubia f. brevipappa (Boiss. & Reut.) Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 209 (1919)

= Centaurea dubia f. hirta (Murr) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 6(2): 951 (1928)

= Centaurea dubia Suter; Fl. Helv. 2: 202 (1802) non S. G. Gmel.

= Centaurea dubia var. candollei (W.D.J.Koch) Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 209 (1919)

= Centaurea dubia var. hirta Murr; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 20(2): 27 (1902), nom. inval.

= Centaurea jacea subsp. dubia Burnat; Fl. Alpes Marit. 7: 108 (1931)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. transalpina (Mérat) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 6: 44 (1923)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. transalpina (Mérat) R.C.V.Douin; Fl. Ill. France 6: 44 (1923)

= Centaurea jacea var. transalpina (Mérat) Briq.; Monogr. Centaurées Alpes Marit. 77 (1902)

= Centaurea nigrescens var. transalpina (Schleich. ex DC.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 2: 469 (1844)

= Centaurea transalpina (Mérat) Schleich. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 571 (1838)

= Centaurea transalpina Schleich.; Cat. Pl. Helv., ed. 3: 11 ex Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 571 (1838)

= Jacea nigrescens subsp. transalpina (Mérat) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140: 132 (1972)

= Jacea transalpina (Mérat) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 305 (1977)

species :

Centaurea nigrofimbria (K.Koch) Sosn.; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, n. s. 2: 77 (1926)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (NE-Anatolia)

33 ARM GEO NCS 34 TUR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea atrata subsp. nigrofimbria (K.Koch) Dostál; Preslia 10: 60 (1931)

= Centaurea montana var. nigrofimbria K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 426 (1851)

= Cyanus nigrofimbrius (K.Koch) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140: 131 (1972)

species :

Centaurea nissana Petrovič; Addit. Fl. Agr. Nyss. 110 (1885)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; SW-Bulgaria

13 BUL KOS NMA SRB

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea napulifera subsp. nissana (Petrovič) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 209 (1976)

= Centaurea nyssana subsp. rivularis (Brot.) Malag.; Subesp. Variación Geogr. 15 (1973)

= Cyanus nissanus (Petrovič) Bancheva & Raimondo; Bocconea 16(2): 519 (2003), isonym

= Cyanus nissanus (Petrovič) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140: 131 (1972)

species :

Centaurea nivea (Bornm.) Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 171, t. 13 (1963)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Phaeopappus declinatus var. niveus Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 167 (1908)

species :

Centaurea nobilis (E.Groves) Brullo; Braun-Blanquetia 2: 32 (1988)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea deusta var. nobilis E.Groves; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21: 535 (1886)

species :

Centaurea novakii Dostál; Preslia 10: 61 (1931)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea triumfettii subsp. novakii (Dostál) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 209 (1976)

= Cyanus novakii (Dostál) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

species :

Centaurea nydeggerei Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 6: 28 5 (1978)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea obtusifolia (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 184 (1963)

Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Phaeopappus obtusifolius Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 599 (1875)

= Tomanthea obtusifolia (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Takht.; Trudy Biol. Inst. Armyansk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 243 (1939)

species :

Centaurea obtusiloba Batt.; Contr. Fl. Atl. 52 (1919)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

species :

Centaurea occasus F.Fern.Casas; Fontqueria 48: 221 (1997 publ. 1998)

Distribution: S-Portugal (Algarve)

12 POR

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Orientales

species :

Centaurea ochrocephala Wagenitz; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139b: 389, t. 357 (1980)

Distribution: Turkey; Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

34 IRN IRQ TUR

species :

Centaurea odessana Prodan; Contr. Bot. Cluj 1: Fasc. 17, 10 (1930)

Distribution: Romania; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus

13 ROM 14 KRY UKR 33 NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta odessana (Prodan) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 134 (1972)

= Centaurea arenaria subsp. odessana (Prodan) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 197 (1976)

species :

Centaurea odyssei Wagenitz; Willdenowia 2.464, f. 4 (1960)

Distribution: Turkey (WN-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea parolinii DC. var. alpina Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier], Suppl. 315 (1888)

species :

Centaurea ognjanoffii Urum.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 10: 66 (1911)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Bulgaria

13 BUL KOS SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea reflexa subsp. ognianoffii (Urum.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 195 (1976)

= Centaurea salonitana subsp. ognjanoffii (Urum.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 195 (1976)

= Colymbada ognjanoffii (Urum.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 228 (1974)

species :

Centaurea oltensis Sosn.; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 21: 60 (1959)

Distribution: Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)

33 AZE 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea sessilis Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3(3): 2300 (1803), nom. illeg.

species :

Centaurea olympica (DC.) K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 432 (1851)

Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea paniculata var. olympica DC.

species :

Centaurea omphalodes (Benth. & Hook.f.) Coss. & Durieu; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 4: 397 (1857)

Distribution: Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya

20 ALG LBY MOR TUN WSA

Synonyms: hidden

= Amberboa omphalodes (Benth. & Hook.f.) Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 42: 294 (1895)

= Amberboia omphalodes (Benth. & Hook.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 305 (1891)

= Centaurea omphalodes (Benth. & Hook.f.) O.Hoffm.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 5: . 330 (1893), isonym

= Centaurea trifurcata Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 27 (1874)

= Menomphalus omphalothrix Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 33 (1874)

= Stephanochilus omphalodes (Benth. & Hook.f.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 24 (1935)

= Volutarella omphalodes Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 477 (1873)

= Volutaria omphalodes (Benth. & Hook.f.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 25: 16 (1934)

species :

Centaurea onopordifolia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 114 (1849)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (S-Syria)

34 LEB SYR

species :

Centaurea oranensis Greuter & M.V.Agab.; Willdenowia 35: 228 (2005), nom. nov.

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea acaulis subsp. boissieri Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 25: 305 (1934)

species :

Centaurea orbelica Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vĕstn. Král. České Společn. Nauk., Tř. Mat.-Přír.) 1890(1): 51 (1890), et Fl. Bulg. 310 (1891)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Bulgaria

13 BUL KOS NMA SRB

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea napulifera f. orbelica (Velen.) Gajić; Fl. Srbije 7: 237 (1975)

= Centaurea napulifera subsp. orbelica (Velen.) Kožuharov & N.Andreev; Opred. Vissh. Rast. Bulg. 785 (1992)

= Centaurea nissana f. orbelica (Velen.) Ganc; Fl. Srbije 7: 237 (1975)

= Centaurea orbelica var. polycephala Voliotis; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. ETH Stiftung Rübel Zürich 56: 33 (1976)

= Cyanus orbelicus (Velen.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 131 (1972)

species :

Centaurea orientalis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 913 (1753)

Name: Orient-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Norway [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Hungary [I]; Italy [I]; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; S-European Russia; C-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

10 nor 11 bgm ger hun swi 13 BUL ita KOS ROM SRB 14 KRY MLD RUS UKR 33 GEO NCS

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Orientales

Synonyms: hidden

= Acrocentron orientale (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 44 (1961)

= Centaurea neglecta Schott ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 400 (1826)

= Centaurea orientalis f. rubescens (Besser ex DC.) Pinzaru; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 44: 226 (2013)

= Centaurea rigidifolia Besser ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 587 (1838)

= Centaurea rubescens Besser ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 587 (1838)

= Centaurea stolensis Pančić ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 428 (1879)

= Centaurea tatarica L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 383 (1782)

= Centaurea theiantha (Spreng.); Bot. Gart. Halle, 24 (1801)

= Colymbada orientalis (L.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 316 (1972)

= Cyanus orientalis (L.) Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 78 (1817)

= Psora orientalis (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 65 (1768)

species :

Centaurea oriolii-bolosii Fern.Casas; Fontqueria 48: 220 (1997 publ. 1998)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Centaurea ornata Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2320 (1803)

Name: Bläuliche Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain (widespread); ?Morocco

11 ger 12 POR SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Acrocentron

Synonyms: hidden

= Acrocentron ornatum Webb; Iter Hispan. [Webb] 32 (1838)

= Centaurea caerulescens Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2319 (1803)

= Centaurea collina Asso; Syn. Stirp. Aragon. 127 (1779)

= Centaurea galianoi Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 20: 13 (1988)

= Centaurea incana subsp. ornata (Willd.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 300 (1931)

= Centaurea interrupta Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 227 (1820-34)

= Centaurea ornata f. crocea Cuatrec.; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sér. Bot. 12: 466 (1929), nomen

= Centaurea ornata f. tenuisecta Cuatrec.; Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sér. Bot. 12: 466 (1929), nomen

= Centaurea ornata subsp. interrupta (Hoffmanns. & Link) Franco; Nov. Fl. Portugal, ed. 2: 473, 572 (1984)

= Centaurea ornata var. agustisquama Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 15: 69 (1916)

= Centaurea ornata var. galianoi (Fern.Casas & Susanna) Fern.Casas; Fontqueria 48: 221 (1998)

= Centaurea ornata var. interrupta (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 658 (1913)

= Centaurea ornata var. macrocephala Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 147 (1865)

= Colymbada ornata (Willd.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 316 (1972)

species :

Centaurea orphanidea Heldr. & Sart.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(3): 73 (1856)

Distribution: C-Greece (Attiki, N-Evvoia, NE-Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Cylindracea

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta orphanidea (Heldr. & Sart.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

species :

Centaurea orumiehensis Ranjbar & Negaresh; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 50(4): 239 (2013)

Distribution: Azerbaijan

33 AZE

species :

Centaurea osmaniyensis Ilcim; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 60(1): 138 (2023)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea ossaea Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 591 (1898)

Distribution: E-Greece (Mt. Ossa)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea attica subsp. ossaea (Halácsy) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 198 (1976)

species :

Centaurea ouramanica (Ranjbar & Negaresh) comb.ined.

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus ouramanicus Ranjbar & Negaresh; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 50(3): 161 (2013)

species :

Centaurea ovina Pall. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2292 (1803)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Poland [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iran (N-Iran)

11 ger pol 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea, ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta ovina (Pall. ex Willd.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 134 (1972)

= Acrolophus ovinus (Pall. ex Willd.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 44 (1961)

= Centaurea intacta Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 705 (1845)

= Centaurea kimeridzei M.Kimer.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 80(2): 76 (1995)

species :

Centaurea oxylepis (Wimm. & Grab.) Hayek; Exsicc. (Herb. Norm.) 1901: no. 4155 (1901)

Distribution: Germany (Sachsen); Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Romania

11 CZE GER POL SLO 13 ROM

Remarks: jacea agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea jacea subvar. oxylepis Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 2(2): 107 (1829)

= Centaurea macroptilon subsp. oxylepis (Wimm. & Grab.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18: 176 (1973)

= Jacea macroptilon subsp. oxylepis (Wimm. & Grab.) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 13 (1984)

= Jacea oxylepis (Wimm. & Grab.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

species :

Centaurea pabotii Wagenitz; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139b: 375, t. 345 (1980)

Distribution: Iran (S-Iran, SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea paczoskii Kotov ex Klokov; Trudy Inst. Bot. Kharkivs´k Derzhavn. Univ., ed. Med. 1: 92, 101 (1936)

Distribution: SC-Ukraine (by west bank of R. Dnepr, near Kherson)

14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea margaritacea subsp. paczoskii (Kotov ex Klokov) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 204 (1976)

species :

Centaurea palanganensis Ranjbar & Askari; Phytotaxa 361(2): 160 (2018)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea pallescens Delile; Descr. Égypte, Hist. Nat. 278, t. 49, f. 1 (1813-1814)

subspecies :

subsp. pallescens

Distribution: Norway [I]; France [I]; Egypt (Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Valley, SE-Egypt); Lebanon (Antilebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (C-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (coastal Hadhramaut, Inner Hadhramaut, N-Inner Yemen)

10 nor 12 fra 20 EGY 34 ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR 35 SAU YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa pallescens (Delile) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 133 (1972)

= Centaurea brevicaulis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 120 (1849)

variant :

var. australis Plitmann; Israel J. Bot. 22(1): 59 (1973)

Distribution: Israel

34 ISR

subspecies :

subsp. idumaea Plitmann; Israel J. Bot. 22(1): 60 (1973)

Distribution: Jordania

34 JOR

subspecies :

subsp. calcitrapella (Bornm. & Dinsm.) Plitmann; Israel J. Bot. 22(1): 59 (1973)

Distribution: Israel; Sinai peninsula; Jordania

34 ISR JOR SIN

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa calcitrapella (Bornm. & Dinsm.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 143 (1973)

= Centaurea calcitrapella Bornm. & Dinsm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 273 (1921)

subspecies :

subsp. kurnubensis (Eig) Plitmann; Israel J. Bot. 22(1): 60 (1973)

Distribution: Israel

34 ISR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea calcitrapella subsp. kurnubensis Eig

species :

Centaurea pamphylica Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 120 (1849)

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea pangaea Greuter & Papan.; Bot. Not. 132(4): 471 (1979)

Distribution: NE-Greece (Mt. Pangaion)

13 GRC

species :

Centaurea paniculata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 912 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. paniculata

Name: Rispen-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; NE-Spain (Gerona); France; +Monaco; Corsica; Italy; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Victoria [I])

11 ger SWI 12 COR FRA MCO SPA 13 ITA 50 aus

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Paniculatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta paniculata (L.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

= Acrolophus mierghii Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 97 (1869)

= Acrolophus paniculatus (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 7: 253 (1827)

= Centaurea abrotanifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 670 (1783)

= Centaurea gallica Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 154 (1907), et Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 154 (1908)

= Centaurea hanryi var. catalaunica Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1907: no. 302, 425 (1908), nomen

= Centaurea mierghii Jord.; Index Sem. (Grenoble) 15 (1850), et Mém. Acad. Natl. Sci. Lyon, Cl. Sci. 1 (Pug. Pl. Nov. Gall.) 110 (1852)

= Centaurea ochrolopha var. viridis Sennen & Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 4: 321 (1905)

= Centaurea paniculata subvar. catalaunica Sennen ex Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 1: 189, 195 (1951)

= Centaurea paniculata var. gallica (Gugler) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 730 (1927)

= Centaurea vallesiaca Jord.; Mém. Acad. Natl. Sci. Lyon, Cl. Sci. 1 (Pug. Pl. Nov. Gall.): 111 (1852)

= Cyanus paniculatus (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 561 (1794)

= Jacea paniculata (L.) Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 50 (1779)

= Rhaponticum paniculatum (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 136 (1771)

= Staebe paniculata (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 66 (1768)

subspecies :

subsp. esterellensis (Burnat) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 199 (1976)

Distribution: SE-France (L´Esterel)

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea paniculata var. esterellensis Briq.; Monogr. Centaurées Alpes Marit. 157 (1902)

subspecies :

subsp. oscensis Pau ex E.López & Devesa; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 67(2): 119 (2010)

Distribution: NE-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea oscensis (Pau ex E.López & Devesa) Raab-Straube & Greuter; Willdenowia 41(2): 314 (2011)

subspecies :

subsp. polycephala (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 426 (1879)

Distribution: SE-France

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta polycephala (Jord.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 304 (1977)

= Centaurea paniculata proles polycephala (Jord.) Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 145 (1904)

= Centaurea polycephala Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 5: 67 (1847)

subspecies :

subsp. rigidula (Jord.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 199 (1976)

Distribution: SE-France

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta rigidula (Jord.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 (1974)

= Acrolophus rigidulus Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 97 (1869)

= Centaurea paniculata proles rigidula (Jord.) Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 145 (1904)

= Centaurea rigidula Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 5: 69 (1847)

species :

Centaurea pannonica (Heuff.) Simonk.; Math. Term. Közlem. 24: 620 (1891)

Name: Schmalblättrige Wiesen-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Corsica; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea

11 AUT CZE GER HUN LIE POL SLO SWI 12 COR FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR KRY MLD UKR

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Jacea. Often treated as subspecies of C. jacea but recently quite often separated as species.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea amara f. approximata Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 1(1): 84 (1898)

= Centaurea amara subsp. duboisii (Boreau) Berher; Fl. Vosges [Louis], éd. 2: 140 (1887)

= Centaurea amara var. angustifolia (Rchb.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 570 (1838)

= Centaurea amara var. assoi Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 6: 67 (1896)

= Centaurea amara var. glabrata DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 570 (1838)

= Centaurea amara var. lanuginosa Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 6: 67 (1896)

= Centaurea amara var. pannonica Heuff.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 152 (1858)

= Centaurea amara var. virens Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 6: 67 (1896)

= Centaurea angustifolia Schrank; Baier. Fl. 376 (1789), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea angustifolia subsp. pannonica R.Knapp; Oberhess. Naturwiss. Z. 44: 76 (1978), nom. inval.

= Centaurea angustifolia var. compacta J.Becker; Fl. Frankfurt 1: 278 (1827)

= Centaurea duboisii Boreau; Fl. Centre France [Boreau], éd. 3, 2: 350 (1857)

= Centaurea jacea proles schrankii Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 118 (1905)

= Centaurea jacea subvar. argyrolepis (Hayek) Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 202 (1919)

= Centaurea jacea f. angustifolia (Rchb.) Fuckel; Nassaus Flora [Fuckel] 182 (1856)

= Centaurea jacea f. glabrata (DC.) Dostál; Preslia 10: 75 (1931)

= Centaurea jacea f. lacera Woerl.; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 3: 160 (1885)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. amara (L.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 180 (1894)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. amara (L.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 121 (1905), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea jacea subsp. angustifolia (Rchb.) Gremli; Excursionsfl. Schweiz, ed. 2: 248 (1874)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. jungens Gugler; Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 1: 406 (1904)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. lusitanica Hayek; Exsicc. (Centaur. Crit.) 2: no. 87 (1914)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. schrankii (Rouy) P.Fourn.; Fl. Compl. Plaine Franç. 293 (1928)

= Centaurea jacea var. angustifolia Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 213 (1832)

= Centaurea jacea var. bicolor Peterm.; Flora 27: 475 (1844)

= Centaurea jacea var. decumbens (Dubois) Bluff & Fingerh.; Comp. Fl. German. [Bluff & Fingerhuth] 1: 407 (1825)

= Centaurea jacea var. pannonica (Heuff.) Hayek; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 6(2): 947 (1928)

= Centaurea jungens (Gugler) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 46 (1907)

= Centaurea pannonica (Heuff.) Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 702 (1901)

= Centaurea platylepis Peterm.; Flora 27: 475 (1844)

= Cyanus collinus G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.; Oekon. Fl. Wetterau 3: 172 (1801), nom. inval.

= Jacea jungens (Gugler) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 13 (1984)

= Jacea pannonica (Heuff.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

species :

Centaurea panormitana Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 2(1): 137 (1903)

subspecies :

subsp. panormitana

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

subspecies :

subsp. aegusae (Domina, Greuter & Raimondo) Guarino & Pignatti; Fl. Ital. [Pignatti] 4: 923 (2019)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea aegusae Domina, Greuter & Raimondo; Israel J. Pl. Sci. 64(1-2): 51 (2017)

subspecies :

subsp. todaroi (Lacaita) Greuter; Med-Checkl. 2: 126 (2008)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ucriae subsp. todaroi (Lacaita) Cela Renz. & Viegi; Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat. Pisa, Mem., Ser. B 89: 130 (1982 publ. 1983)

= Centaurea todaroi Lacaita; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 22: 245 (1915)

subspecies :

subsp. ucriae (Lacaita) Greuter; Med-Checkl. 2: 126 (2008)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ucriae Lacaita; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 22: 244 (1915)

subspecies :

subsp. umbrosa (Fiori) Greuter; Med-Checkl. 2: 126 (2008)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea cineraria subsp. umbrosa (Fiori) Pignatti; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 113: 366 (1980)

= Centaurea cineraria var. umbrosa Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 726 (1927)

= Centaurea tyrrhena C.Brullo, Brullo & Giusso; Loc. Class. Fl. Italia [Peccenini & Domina] 36 (2011), nom. nov. for C. umbrosa Lacaita

= Centaurea ucriae subsp. umbrosa (Lacaita) Cela Renz. & Viegi; Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat. Pisa, Mem., Ser. B 89: 128 (1982 publ. 1983)

= Centaurea umbrosa Lacaita; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 22: 246 (1915)

species :

Centaurea paphlagonica (Bornm.) Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 206 (1963)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Phaeopappus macrocephalus Freyn & Sint.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 44: 220 (1894), nom. illeg.

= Phaeopappus paphlagonicus Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 59B: 304 (1939)

= Plumosipappus macrocephalus Czerep.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 458 (1960), nom. superfl.

species :

Centaurea papposa (Coss.) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

Distribution: Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea gymnocarpa var. papposa Coss.; Notes Pl. Crit. 2(3): 136 (1851)

species :

Centaurea parilica Stoj. & Stef.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 72: 92 (1923)

Name: Parlatore-Flockenblume

Distribution: SW-Bulgaria; NE-Greece (Mt. Falakron and surroundings)

13 BUL GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Lepteranthus

Synonyms: hidden

= Jacea parilica (Stoj. & Stef.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 229 (1974)

species :

Centaurea parlatoris Heldr.; Ann. Accad. Aspir. Naturalisti 1: 287 (1843)

Distribution: Germany [I]; France; Sicily

11 ger 12 FRA 13 SIC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Dissectae

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea dissecta subsp. parlatoris (Heldr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 425 (1879)

species :

Centaurea parviflora Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 301 (1799)

Distribution: France [I]; Algeria; Tunisia

12 fra 20 ALG TUN

species :

Centaurea patula DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 583 (1838)

Distribution: Turkey (Central Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea calliacantha Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 32 (1854)

species :

Centaurea paui Loscos ex Willd.; Ill. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm] 2: 141, t. 174a (1886); et Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 94 (1892)

Distribution: E-Spain (N of Valencia)

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta paui (Loscos ex Willk.) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 22 (1982)

= Centaurea boissieri subsp. paui (Loscos ex Willk.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 202 (1976)

= Centaurea funkii Pau; Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 1: 34 (1887)

= Centaurea funkii var. melanolepis Willk.; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1891: no. 53 (1891), nomen

species :

Centaurea pawlowskii Phitos & Damboldt; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. ETH Stiftung Rübel Zürich 56: 185 (1976)

Distribution: North Macedonia; NW-Greece (Pindos)

13 GRC NMA

species :

Centaurea paxorum Phitos & T.Georgiadis; Biol. & Ecol. Medit. 4(1): 2 (1977 publ. 1978)

Distribution: NW-Greece (Korfu, Gaios Isl.)

13 GRC

species :

Centaurea pectinata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 1287 (1763)

Name: Kamm-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: NE-Spain; SW- & SC-France

12 FRA SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Lepteranthus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea comata Jord.; Mém. Acad. Natl. Sci. Lyon, Cl. Sci. 1 (Pug. Pl. Nov. Gall.): 106 (1852)

= Centaurea fuscata Jord.; Mém. Acad. Natl. Sci. Lyon, Cl. Sci. 1 (Pug. Pl. Nov. Gall.): 105 (1852)

= Centaurea pectinata var. atrofusca Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 135 (1905)

= Centaurea pectinata var. fuscata Gaut.; Cat. Fl. Pyrénées-Orientales 253 (1897)

= Centaurea pectinata var. provincialis Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 135 (1905)

= Centaurea rufescens Jord.; Mém. Acad. Natl. Sci. Lyon, Cl. Sci. 1 (Pug. Pl. Nov. Gall.): 107 (1852)

= Jacea pectinata (L.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

= Lepteranthus comatus (Jord.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 96 (1869)

= Lepteranthus fuscatus (Jord.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 96 (1869)

= Lepteranthus pectinatus (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 96 (1869)

= Lepteranthus rufescens (Jord.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 96 (1869)

variant :

var. acutifolia (Jord.) Briq.; Monogr. Centaurées Alpes Marit. 94 (1902)

Distribution: NE-Spain; SC-France

12 FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea acutifolia Jord.; Mém. Acad. Natl. Sci. Lyon, Cl. Sci. 1 (Pug. Pl. Nov. Gall.): 105 (1852)

= Centaurea pectinata subsp. acutifolia (Jord.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 208 (1976)

= Centaurea pectinata var. acutifolia Briq.; Monogr. Centaurées Alpes Marit. 94 (1902)

= Centaurea pectinata var. thuretii Briq. & Cavill.; Fl. Alpes Marit. 7: 127 (1931), nom. illeg.

= Jacea acutifolia (Jord.) Holub; Preslia 46: 229 (1974)

= Lepteranthus acutifolius (Jord.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 96 (1869)

variant :

var. supina (Jord.) Loret & Barrandon; Fl. Montpellier 371 (1876)

Distribution: NE-Spain; S-France

12 FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea pectinata subsp. supina (Jord.) Braun-Blanq.; Commun. Stat. Int. Géobot. Médit. Montpellier 20(Cat. Fl. Aigoual): 321 (1933)

= Centaurea pectinata subsp. supina (Jord.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 208 (1976)

= Centaurea pectinata var. supiniformis Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 135 (1905)

= Centaurea supina Jord.; Mém. Acad. Natl. Sci. Lyon, Cl. Sci. 1 (Pug. Pl. Nov. Gall.): 108 (1852)

= Centaurea tripontina López-Alvarado, L.Sáez, Filigh., Guardiola & Susanna; Pl. Biosystems 146(Suppl.): 273 (2012)

= Lepteranthus supinus (Jord.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 96 (1869)

species :

Centaurea pelia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 586 (1838)

Distribution: Greece (NC- & C-Greece, Attiki)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Albiflorae

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta pelia (DC.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972), et 12(3): 304 (1977)

= Centaurea pelia var. gerania T.Georgiadis; Contr. Phylogén. Centaurea L. (sect. Acrolophus (Cass.) DC.) en Grèce 59 (1980)

= Centaurea pelia var. trigona T.Georgiadis; Contr. Phylogén. Centaurea L. (sect. Acrolophus (Cass.) DC.) en Grèce 59 (1980)

= Centaurea xanthina Boiss. & Heldr.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 650 (1875)

species :

Centaurea peltieri Homrani-Bakali & Susanna; Phytotaxa 523(2): 193 (2021)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Centaurea pentadactyli Brullo, Scelsi & Spamp.; Vegetaz. Aspromonte 47 (2001)

Distribution: S-Italy

13 ITA

species :

Centaurea perrottettii DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 598 (1838)

Distribution: Algeria; Mauritania; Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Mali; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; SW-Chad

20 ALG 22 BEN GAM GNB GUI MLI MTN NGA NGR SEN 23 CMN 24 CHA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea sparmannii DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 598 (1838)

species :

Centaurea persica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 132 (1846)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada persica (Boiss.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7: 316 (1972)

= Centaurea persica var. multijuga Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 60B: 211 (1939)

species :

Centaurea persicus (Ranjbar & Negaresh) comb.ined.; non Boiss.

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus. Would need a new name if recognized

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus persicus Ranjbar & Negaresh; Biol. Diversity Conservation 5(3): 18 (2012)

species :

Centaurea pestalotii De Not. ex Ces.; Bibliot. Ital. (Milan) 91: 348 (1838)

Distribution: N-Italy; Croatia

13 CRO ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta brachtii (Rchb.f.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

= Centaurea alba subsp. pestalottii (De Not.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 387 (1882)

= Centaurea brachtii Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 15: 35 (1852)

species :

Centaurea pestalozzae Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 118 (1849)

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea peucedanifolia Boiss. & Orph.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 647 (1875)

Distribution: NE-Greece (Mt. Athos)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Maculosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta peucedanifolia (Boiss. & Orph.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

species :

Centaurea phaeolepis Coss.; Notes Pl. Crit. 2(3): 138 (1851)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

species :

Centaurea phalacrica Brullo, Cambria, Crisafulli, Tavilla & Sciandr.; Phytotaxa 483(1): 19 (2021)

Distribution: NE-Sicily

13 SIC

Remarks: aeolica agg.

species :

Centaurea phlomoides Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 673 (1875)

Distribution: Iran (SW-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea phrygia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 910 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. phrygia

Name: Phrygische Flockenblume (DE), Wig knapweed (EN)

Distribution: Denmark; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Finland; Germany (Baden-Württemberg [I], Bayern [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Sachsen); Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Romania; Bulgaria; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Krasnoyarsk [I], W-Siberia); USA [I] (Florida [I], Illinois [I], Missouri [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], West Virginia [I])

10 DEN FIN nor swe 11 CZE GER POL SLO 13 BUL ROM 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Lepteranthus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea austriaca f. brevicaulis Raclaru; Analele Univ. Bucuresti, Biol. Veg. 22: 126 (1973), without latin descr. or type

= Centaurea austriaca var. capitata W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 1: 302 (1843)

= Centaurea austriaca var. flosculosa Lej.; Comp. Fl. Belg. 3: 134 (1836)

= Centaurea austriaca var. fusca W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 1: 302 (1843), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea austriaca var. melanocalathia (Borbás) Dostál; Preslia 10: 76 (1931)

= Centaurea austriaca var. pallida W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 1: 302 (1843)

= Centaurea austriaca Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2283 (1803), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea bulgarica Urum. & J.Wagner; Magyar Bot. Lapok 6: 166 (1907)

= Centaurea conglomerata C.A.Mey.; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 5: 44 (1846)

= Centaurea elatior (Gaudin) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Tirol [Dalla Torre & Sarnthein] 6(3): 653 (1912)

= Centaurea jacea var. plumosa Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 55 (1879)

= Centaurea leucocephala Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 403 (1866)

= Centaurea moritziana Hegetschw.; Fl. Schweiz [Hegetschweiler] 851 (1839)

= Centaurea nervosa Rchb. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 321 (1841), nom. inval.

= Centaurea phrygia subvar. humilior Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 393 (1829)

= Centaurea phrygia subvar. minor Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 393 (1829)

= Centaurea phrygia f. subcapitata Gajić; Glasn. Prír. Mus. Beogradu, Ser. B, Biol. Nauke 30: 10 (1975)

= Centaurea phrygia subsp. austriaca (Willd.) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 90 (1907)

= Centaurea phrygia subsp. brevipennis Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 4(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 4): 809 (1881), nom. inval.

= Centaurea phrygia var. ambigua Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 393 (1829)

= Centaurea phrygia var. austriaca (Willd.) Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 502 (1843)

= Centaurea phrygia var. elatior Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 392 (1829)

= Centaurea phrygia var. helvetica Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 393 (1829)

= Centaurea phrygia var. ramosa (Rchb.) Hampe; Prodr. Fl. Hercyn. 49 (1836)

= Centaurea phrygia var. uniflora Hampe; Prodr. Fl. Hercyn. 49 (1836), nom. inval.

= Centaurea salicifolia Besser ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 422 (1879)

= Centaurea uniflora var. helvetica (Gaudin) Briq. & Cavill.; Fl. Alpes Marit. 7: 134 (1931)

= Cyanus austriacus (Willd.) Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 72 (1817)

= Cyanus phrygius (L.) G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.; Oekon. Fl. Wetterau 3: 173 (1801)

= Cyanus phrygius var. pumilus Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 72 (1817)

= Cyanus plumosus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 191 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Cyanus pumilus Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 72 (1817)

= Heraclea phrygia (L.) Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 37 (1762)

= Jacea barbata Delarbre; Fl. Auvergne [Delarbre], éd. 2, 202 (1800)

= Jacea elatior (Gaudin) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140: 132 (1972)

= Jacea phrygia (L.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 132 (1972)

= Jacea phrygia subsp. elatior (Gaudin) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 14 (1984)

= Jacea plumosa Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 51 (1779), nom. illeg.

= Lepteranthus hygrometicus Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 26: 65 (1827)

subspecies :

subsp. abbreviata (K.Koch) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 207 (1976)

Distribution: Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey

14 KRY UKR 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea abbreviata (K.Koch) Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 23: 198 (1909)

= Centaurea salicifolia var. abbreviata K.Koch

= Jacea abbreviata (K.Koch) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. abnormis (Czerep.) Greuter; Willdenowia 35(2): 229 (2005)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea abnormis Czerep.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 21: 394 (1961)

= Centaurea pseudophrygia subsp. abnormis (Czerep.) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 84(9): 106 (1999)

subspecies :

subsp. alutacea (Dobrocz.) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

Distribution: Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

14 KRY UKR 33 GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alutacea Dobrocz.; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 6(2): 74 (1949)

= Centaurea pseudophrygia subsp. alutacea (Dobrocz.) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 84(9): 106 (1999)

= Jacea alutacea (Dobrocz.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. bosniaca (Murb.) Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 748 (1901)

Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo

13 BIH CRO KOS SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea bosniaca Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund. 27: 5: 97 (1892)

= Centaurea stenolepis subsp. bosniaca (Murb.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 207 (1976)

= Jacea bosniaca (Murb.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 145 (1973)

subspecies :

subsp. carpatica (Porcius) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 207 (1976)

Distribution: Romania; Ukraine

13 ROM 14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea carpatica (Porcius) Porcius; Magyar Növényt. Lapok 9: 128 (1885)

= Centaurea carpatica f. humilis Raciaru; Analele Univ. Bucuresti, Biol. Veg. 22: 126 (1973), without latin descr.

= Centaurea plumosa var. carpatica Porcius; Enum. Pl. Phan. Naszód. 34 (1878)

= Jacea carpatica (Porcius) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

= Jacea phrygia subsp. carpatica (Porcius) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 14 (1984)

subspecies :

subsp. melanocalathia (Borbás) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 207 (1976)

Distribution: Czech Republic; Slovakia; Romania; Ukraine

11 CZE SLO 13 ROM 14 UKR

Remarks: possibly a hybrid C. erdneri x jacea

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea nigriceps Dobrocz.; Bot. Žurn. (Kiev) 3(1-2): 32 (1947)

= Centaurea phrygia subsp. nigriceps (Dobrocz.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 207 (1976)

= Centaurea ×melanocalathia Borbás; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 235 (1889)

= Jacea melanocalathia (Czakó) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 145 (1973)

= Jacea phrygia subsp. melanocalathia (Borbás ex Czakó) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. moesiaca (Urum. & H.Wagner) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 789 (1931)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea moesiaca Urum. & J.Wagner; Magyar Bot. Lapok 6: 165 (1907)

subspecies :

subsp. rarauensis (Prodan) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 207 (1976)

Distribution: C-Romania; N-Romania

13 ROM

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea rarauensis Prodan

= Jacea rarauensis (Prodan) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 305 (1977)

subspecies :

subsp. ratezatensis (Prodan) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 207 (1976)

Distribution: Romania (Mtii. Ratezatalmi)

13 ROM

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea pseudophrygia subsp. ratezatensis (Prodan) Soó; Feddes Repert. 85(7-8): 438 (1974)

= Centaurea ratezatensis Prodan; Bul. Grad. Bot. Univ. Cluj 8: 132 (1928 publ. 1929)

= Jacea ratezatensis (Prodan) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 229 (1974)

subspecies :

subsp. salicifolia (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 84(9): 105 (1999)

Distribution: France [I]; Ukraine; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

12 fra 14 UKR 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea salicifolia M.Bieb. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3(3): 2283 (1803)

= Jacea salicifolia (M.Bieb.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

species :

Centaurea pichleri Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 638 (1875)

subspecies :

subsp. pichleri

Distribution: Bulgaria; Greece (C-Greece, Evvoia, Attiki, Peloponnisos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

13 BUL GRC 34 TUR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea iconica Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 3: 317 (1967)

= Centaurea pichleri var. ancyrensis Bornm.; Feddes Repert. 89: 376 (1944)

= Cyanus pichleri (Boiss.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

subspecies :

subsp. extrarosularis (Hayek & Siehe) Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 231 (1974)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea extrarosularis Hayek & Siehe; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 28: 170 (1914)

= Cyanus pichleri subsp. extrarosularis (Hayek & Siehe) Wagenitz & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

species :

Centaurea pinardii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1(4): 17 (1844)

Name: Pinard-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Germany [I]; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; Greece (N- & C-Greece, Evvoia, Attiki, Peloponnisos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

11 ger 13 BUL GRC NMA 34 TUR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea mentiens Czerep.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 397 (1960)

= Cyanus mentiens (Czerep.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

= Cyanus pinardii (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 131 (1972)

species :

Centaurea pindicola Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 164 (1841)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (mountains of Greek Macedonia and NE-Greece)

13 ALB GRC NMA

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea pindicola (Griseb.) Griseb.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 637 (1875)

= Cyanus pindicola (Griseb.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-41: 131 (1972)

species :

Centaurea pineticola Iljin; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 26: 34 (1927)

Distribution: C-European Russia (SE of Voronel)

14 RUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea margaritacea subsp. pineticola (Iljin) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 204 (1976)

species :

Centaurea pinetorum Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 3: 32 1, t. 26 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea pinnata Pau ex Vicioso; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 5: 233 (1906)

Distribution: NE-Spain (SW-Zaragoza)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta pinnata (Pau) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 22 (1982)

= Centaurea viciosoi Pau ex Vicioso; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 5: 234 (1906)

= Centaurea viciosoi var. castaneicolor Pau ex Vicioso; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 5: 234 (1906)

species :

Centaurea pinnatifida Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 405 (1866)

subspecies :

subsp. pinnatifida

Distribution: Romania (S- & E-Carpathians)

13 ROM

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus pinnatifidus (Schur) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 316 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. sooana (Borhidi) Soó; Feddes Repert. 83: 149 (1972)

Distribution: Romania

13 ROM

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea achtarovii subsp. sooana Borhidi; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung., n. s. 8: 219 (1957)

= Cyanus pinnatifidus subsp. sooanus (Borhidi) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

species :

Centaurea poculatoris Greuter; Bauhinia 3: 252 (1967)

Distribution: SW-Crete (Aspéndos)

13 KRI

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Arenariae

species :

Centaurea podospermifolia Loscos & Pardo; Ser. Inconf. Pl. Aragon. 58 (1863)

subspecies :

subsp. podospermifolia

Distribution: NE-Spain (Teruel, Tarragona)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Subsect. Lagascanae

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea dertosensis Costa; Fl. Catalunya 141 (1864) ex Nyman, Consp. 429 (1879)

= Centaurea graellsi var. podospermifolia (Loscos & J.Pardo) Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 13: 43 (1914)

= Centaurea lagascana subsp. podospermifolia (Loscos & Pardo) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 196 (1976)

= Colymbada podospermifolia (Loscos & Pardo) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 228 (1974)

subspecies :

subsp. soriana Patino, Urrutia & J.Valencia; Fl. Montiber. 88: 84 (2024)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

species :

Centaurea poeltiana Puntillo; Fl. Medit. 6: 219 (1996)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Centaurea polyacantha Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2312 (1803)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya

12 POR SPA 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN

Remarks: Subgen. Seridia

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapoides polyacantha (Willd.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 170 (1973)

= Centaurea hystrix Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 1351 (1845)

= Centaurea polyacantha f. colorata Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 29: 426 (1938)

= Centaurea polyacantha f. pallida Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 29: 426 (1938)

= Centaurea polyacantha var. adpressa Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 27 (1929)

= Centaurea sphaerocephala subsp. polyacantha (Willd.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 203 (1976)

= Centaurea sphaerocephala var. polyacantha (Willd.) Rivas Mart.; Itinera Geobot. 15(2): 699 (2002)

= Seridia polyacantha (Willd.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

species :

Centaurea polyclada DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 584 (1838)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Chios); Turkey (W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

34 EAI TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta polyclada (DC.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 142 (1973)

= Centaurea arenaria d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 371 (1822)

species :

Centaurea polyphylla Ledeb. ex Nordm.; Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 2: 311 (1837)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO NCS

Remarks: Subgen. Grossheimia

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ossica K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 40 (1843)

= Centaurea tuba Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 12: 156 (1892)

= Grossheimia helenioides var. tuba (Sommier & Levier) Sosn. & Takht.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 3(1): 24 (1945)

= Grossheimia ossica (K.Koch) Sosn. & Takht.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 3: No. 1, 24 (1945)

= Grossheimia polyphylla (Ledeb.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 145 (1973)

= Phaeopappus ossicus (K.Koch) K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 436 (1851)

species :

Centaurea polypodiifolia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 126 (1846)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea euphratica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 125 (1846)

= Centaurea polypodiifolia var. pseudobehen (Boiss.) Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(2): 229 (1974)

= Centaurea pseudobehen Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 126 (1846)

= Microlophus polypodiifolius (Boiss.) Soják; Novit. Bot. Delect. Seminum Horti Bot. Univ. Carol. Prag. 47 (1962)

= Microlophus pseudobehen (Boiss.) Soják; Novit. Bot. Delect. Seminum Horti Bot. Univ. Carol. Prag. 47 (1962)

species :

Centaurea pomeliana Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 35: 389 (1888)

subspecies :

subsp. pomeliana

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta pomeliana (Batt.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

= Centaurea boissieri subsp. pomeliana (Batt. & Trab.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 201 (1976)

subspecies :

subsp. rouxiana (Maire) Breitw. & Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 22: 74 (1986)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea boissieri var. rouxiana Maire

species :

Centaurea pontica Prodan & Nyár.; Centaur. Român. 57 (1930)

Distribution: E-Romania (near Sufina)

13 ROM

Remarks: Subgen. Calcitrapa

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa pontica (Prodan & Nyár.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 (1974)

species :

Centaurea postii Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 688 (1875)

Distribution: Egypt (NE-Egypt); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (E-Jordania)

20 EGY 34 JOR LEB SIN SYR

species :

Centaurea praecox Oliv. & Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 438 (1877)

Distribution: Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Chad; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique [I]

22 BEN BKN GHA IVO MLI NGA NGR TOG 23 BUR CAF CMN ZAI 24 CHA ERI ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW moz ZAM ZIM

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapoides praecox (Oliv. & Hiern) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 170 (1973)

= Calcitrapoides rhizocephala (Oliv. & Hiern) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 170 (1973), as ´rhizocephalus´

= Centaurea atacorensis A.Chev.; Mém. Soc. Bot. France 8: 261 (1914 publ. 1917)

= Centaurea goetzeana O.Hoffm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 441 (1901)

= Centaurea rhizocephala Oliv. & Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 438 (1877)

= Centaurea tisserantii Philipson; J. Bot. 77: 87 (1939)

species :

Centaurea princeps Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 111 (1859)

Distribution: C-Greece (Mt. Timfristos, Mt. Kallidromo)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. princeps (Boiss. & Heldr.) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 31 (1907)

species :

Centaurea procurrens Sieber ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 407 (1826)

subspecies :

subsp. procurrens

Distribution: Turkey; Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, C-Israel); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia

34 ISR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa procurrens (Sieber) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 143 (1973)

= Centaurea procurrens var. araneosa (Boiss.) Wagenitz

subspecies :

subsp. sharonensis Plitmann; Israel J. Bot. 22(1): 53 (1973)

Distribution: Israel

34 ISR

species :

Centaurea prolongi Boiss. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7(1): 303 (1838), also as ´prolongoi´

Distribution: S-Spain (Granada, Malaga)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Orientales

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada prolongoi (Boiss.) Holub; Preslia 46: 228 (1974)

species :

Centaurea promota (E.Gamal-Eldin & Wagenitz) Strid; Phytol. Balcan. 25(2): 222 (2019)

Distribution: NW-Greece (Pindos to Mt. Timfristos)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Lepteranthus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea nervosa subsp. promota E.Gamal-Eldin & Wagenitz; Mountain Fl. Greece [Strid] 2: 513 (1991)

species :

Centaurea protogerberi Klokov; Trudy Inst. Bot. Kharkivs´k Derzhavn. Univ., ed. Med. 1: 89, 102 (1936)

Distribution: S-European Russia; E-Ukraine (by R. Donets)

14 RUS UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea margaritacea subsp. protogerberi (Klokov) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 204 (1976)

species :

Centaurea protomargaritacea Klokov; Trudy Inst. Bot. Kharkivs´k Derzhavn. Univ., ed. Med. 1: 81, 102 (1936)

Distribution: S-Ukraine (E-side of estuary of River Bug)

14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea margaritacea subsp. protomargaritacea (Klokov) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 204 (1976)

species :

Centaurea pseudoaxillaris Stef. & Georgiev; Spis. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 44: pp. 133-93 (1931)

Distribution: S-Bulgaria

13 BUL

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus napuliferus subsp. pseudoaxillaris (Stef. & Georgiev) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 209 (1976)

= Cyanus pseudoaxillaris (Stef. & Georg.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 145 (1973)

species :

Centaurea pseudobovina Hayek ex Stoyanov & Stef.; Fl. Bulg. [Stojanov & Stefanoff] 1173, 1185 (1925), et ex Hayek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 758 (1931), descr. latine.

Distribution: N-Bulgaria

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta pseudobovina (Stoj. & Stef.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 304 (1977)

= Centaurea rutifolia subsp. pseudobovina (Hayek) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 196 (1976)

species :

Centaurea pseudocadmea Wagenitz; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 75: 244 (1971 publ. 1972)

Distribution: E-Greece (NW of Athinai, SE-Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea deustiformis subsp. pseudocadmea (Wagenitz) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 206 (1976)

species :

Centaurea pseudocineraria (Fiori) Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 140 (1904)

Distribution: France; Italy

12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta pseudocineraria (Fiori) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

= Centaurea leucophaea subsp. controversa (Briq. & Cavill.) Kerguélen; Lejeunia 120: 65 (1987)

= Centaurea leucophaea subsp. pseudocoerulescens (Briq.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 200 (1976)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. controversa Briq. & Cavill.; Fl. Alpes Marit. 7: 182 (1931)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. pseudocineraria (Fiori) Arènes; Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot., n. s. 1: 211 (1951)

= Centaurea paniculata var. pseudocineraria Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 338 (1904)

= Centaurea paniculata var. pseudocoerulescens Briq.; Monogr. Centaurées Alpes Marit. 148 (1902)

species :

Centaurea pseudodegeniana Prodan; Analele Acad. Republ. Populare Románe 3(18): 682 (1950)

Distribution: Romania

13 ROM

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea

species :

Centaurea pseudokotschyi Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 220 (1974)

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea pseudoleucolepis Kleopow; Izv. Kievsk. Bot. Sada 4: 20 (1926)

Distribution: SE-Ukraine (Volodarskoe, NW of Zdanov)

14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea margaritacea subsp. pseudoleucolepis (Kleopow) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 204 (1976)

species :

Centaurea pseudomaculosa Dobrocz; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 6(2): 73 (1949)

Distribution: S-European Russia; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Chita [I], W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Khabarovsk [I], Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus

14 BLR KRY MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 33 NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta pseudomaculosa (Dobrocz.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 134 (1972)

= Centaurea rhenana subsp. pseudomaculosa (Dobrocz.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 200 (1976)

species :

Centaurea pseudomagocsyana Prodan; Analele Acad. Republ. Populare Române 3: 689 (1950)

Distribution: Romania

13 ROM

species :

Centaurea pseudophrygia C.A.Mey.; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 2, 6: 134 (1845)

Name: Perücken-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Denmark; Norway; Germany (Brandenburg [I], Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; N-Greece (very rare near border); S-European Russia; Estonia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine

10 DEN NOR 11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO SWI 13 BIH CRO GRC ITA KOS ROM SLV SRB 14 EST MLD RUS UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea elatior (Gaudin) Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: (Cent.-Art. Österr.-Ung. 153) 737 (1901), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea jacea var. semiplumosa Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 55 (1879)

= Centaurea phrygia f. cinnamomea (Bornm.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 6(2): 960 (1928)

= Centaurea phrygia subsp. cirrhata (Rchb.) Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 4(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 4): 809 (1881)

= Centaurea phrygia subsp. pseudophrygia (C.A.Mey.) Gugler; Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 1(32): 408 (1904)

= Centaurea phrygia var. capitata W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 1: 302 (1843)

= Centaurea phrygia var. cinnamomea (Bornm.) Murr; Neue Übers. Bl.-Pfl. Vorarlberg Liechtenstein 3(1): 335 (1924)

= Centaurea phrygia var. pallida W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 1: 302 (1843)

= Centaurea pseudophrygia var. cinnamomea Bornm.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 8: 38 (1895)

= Centaurea uniflora subsp. pseudophrygia (C.A.Mey.) Bonnier; Fl. Ill. France 45 (1923)

= Jacea pseudophrygia (C.A.Mey.) Holub; Preslia 37: 102 (1965)

species :

Centaurea pseudoreflexa Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(nos. 312-316): 124 (1913)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea pseudoscabiosa Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 131 (1860)

subspecies :

subsp. pseudoscabiosa

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

33 ARM AZE NCS 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea scabiosa subsp. pseudoscabiosa (Boiss. & Buhse) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(3): 117 (2000)

= Centaurea pseudoscabiosa subsp. armata Wagenitz; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139b: 399 (1980)

= Colymbada pseudoscabiosa (Boiss. & Buhse) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

subspecies :

subsp. araratica (Azn.) Wagenitz; Willdenowia 6(3): 501 (1972)

Distribution: Armenia; Turkey

33 ARM 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea araratica Azn.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 17: 15 (1918 publ. 1919)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. araratica (Azn.) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(3): 117 (2000)

= Colymbada araratica (Azn.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 143 (1973)

subspecies :

subsp. glehnii (Trautv.) Wagenitz; Willdenowia 6(3): 500 (1972)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey

33 ARM AZE GEO 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea glehnii Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 4: 382 (1876)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. glehnii (Trautv.) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(3): 117 (2000)

= Colymbada glehnii (Trautv.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

subspecies :

subsp. ossetica (Sosn.) Gabrieljan; Fl. Armen. 9: 416 (1995)

Distribution: Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan)

14 KRY 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ossethica Sosn.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 28: 505, 614 (1963)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. ossethica (Sosn.) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(3): 117 (2000)

subspecies :

subsp. sipirokensis (Bornm.) Ertuğrul & Uysal; Bagbahçe Bilim Derg. 8(3): 58 (2021)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea pseudoscabiosa var. sipirokensis Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 89: 381 (1944)

species :

Centaurea pseudosinaica Czerep.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 20: 392 (1960)

Distribution: Iraq; Iran (S-Iran); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, Nejd Desert, Asir); Kuwait; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen, W-Yemen)

34 IRN IRQ 35 KUW OMA SAU UAE YEM

variant :

var. niebuhrii Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41(3): 459 (1984)

Distribution: Oman; Yemen

35 OMA YEM

species :

Centaurea psilacantha Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(3): 82 (1856)

Distribution: C-Greece (mountains)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Carduiformes

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada psilacantha (Boiss. & Heldr.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

species :

Centaurea ptarmicifolia Halácsy ex Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 781 (1931)

Distribution: NW-Greece (Pindos)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea deusta var. epirotica Bald.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 6: 181 (1899)

= Centaurea deustiformis subsp. ptarmicifolia (Halácsy ex Hayek) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 205 (1976)

= Centaurea epirotica (Bald.) Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 2: 134 (1902)

= Centaurea ptarmicoides Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 2: 583 (1902), nom. inval.

species :

Centaurea pterocaula Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 2: 552 (1873)

subspecies :

subsp. pterocaula

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

33 ARM AZE 34 IRN TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Chartolepis

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea lyrata Aiton; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 486 (1807)

= Chartolepis lyrata Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 696 (1875)

= Chartolepis pterocaula (Trautv.) Czerep.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 463 (1960)

subspecies :

subsp. iranica Wagenitz; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139b: 354 (1980)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea ptosimopappa Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 590 (1901)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains)

34 SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea bracteata (Boiss.) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 481 (1873)

= Petrodavisia bracteata (Boiss.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 10(2): 194 (1975)

= Ptosimopappus bracteatus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 613 (1875)

= Ptosimopappus bracteatus var. tomentosus Nahal & Mouterde; Saussurea 4: 24 (1973)

species :

Centaurea ptosimopappoides Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 225 (1974)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea pubescens Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2322 (1803)

subspecies :

subsp. pubescens

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa pubescens Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

= Centaurea abdelkaderi Sennen; Pl. Espagne [Exsicc.] No. 8834, Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 215 (1935)

= Centaurea incana Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 301 (1799), non Lag. nec Ten.

= Centaurea incana subsp. pubescens (Willd.) Maire

= Centaurea incana var. littoralis Batt.

= Centaurea rupicola Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 31 (1874)

= Centaurea tenoreana Willk. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 420 (1879)

= Colymbada incana (Desf.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

= Menomphalus pubescens Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 33 (1874)

= Menomphalus rupicola Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 33 (1874)

subspecies :

subsp. amourensis (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 497 (1889)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; ?Tunisia

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea amourensis Pomel; Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Algérie 11: 30 (1874)

= Centaurea fatoui Gómiz; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 60: 224 (2003)

= Menomphalus amourensis (Pomel) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 33 (1874)

subspecies :

subsp. omphalotricha Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 497 (1889)

Distribution: Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea omphalotricha (Batt.) ex Batt. & Trab.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 497 (1889)

= Colymbada omphalotricha (Batt.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 304 (1977)

subspecies :

subsp. saharae (Pomel) Dobignard; Index Syn. Fl. Afrique N. 2: 221 (2011)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea saharae Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 30 (1874)

= Menomphalus saharae (Pomel) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 33 (1874)

species :

Centaurea pugioniformis Nyár.; Borbásia Nova 19: 5 (1943)

Distribution: Romania

13 ROM

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea

Synonyms: hidden

= Jacea pugioniformis (Nyár.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

species :

Centaurea pulchella Ledeb.; Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 22, t 93 (1829)

Distribution: S-European Russia; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (Central Anatolia, E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Wakhan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Herat, Kabul, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi Paktia / Khost, Parwan); China (Xinjiang); Mongolia

14 RUS 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 AFG IRN TUR 36 CHI 37 MON

Remarks: Subgen. Hyalea

Synonyms: hidden

= Catananche caerulea Georgi; Beschr. Nation. Russ. Reich 3(4): 1217 (1779), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea filiformis M.Bieb. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 566 (1838)

= Centaurea hyalina L´Hér. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 566 (1838)

= Centaurea pulchella var. viminea (Less.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 566 (1837)

= Centaurea viminea Less.; Linnaea 6: 83-84 (1831)

= Eremopappus pulchellus (Ledeb.) Takht.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 2(1): 26 (1945)

= Hyalea pulchella (Ledeb.) K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 422 (1851)

species :

Centaurea pullata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 911 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. pullata

Name: Bräunliche Flockenblume

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; France; Italy; Malta; European Turkey; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Egypt [I] (NW-coastal Egypt [I])

12 FRA GIB POR SPA 13 ITA MLT TUE 20 ALG egy MOR TUN

Remarks: Subgen. Melanoloma

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea claryi Debeaux; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 23: 29 (1889) ex Batt. & Trab. Fl. de l´Algérie (Dicot.) 496 (1889)

= Centaurea dubia Krock.; Fl. Siles. [Krocker], Suppl. 2: 331 (1823)

= Centaurea humilis Schrank; Baier. Fl. 2: 376 (1789)

= Centaurea pullata f. albiflora Font Quer; Iter Marocc. [Font Quer], Exsicc. no. 422 (1928)

= Centaurea pullata subsp. claryi (Debeaux) Batt.; (1889)

= Centaurea pullata var. albiflora (Font Quer) Dobignard; J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 28: 61 (2004)

= Centaurea pullata var. minor Ball; (1878)

= Centaurea pullata var. zatii Maubert; (1982)

= Cyanus pullatus Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 383 (1791)

= Melanoloma excelsior Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 29: 473 (1823)

= Melanoloma humilis (Schrank) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 29: 473 (1823)

= Melanoloma pullata (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 29: 473 (1823)

= Melanoloma pullata var. leucoloma Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 161 (1865)

= Melanoloma pullatum (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 96 (1869)

= Seridia pullata (L.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

subspecies :

subsp. baetica Talavera; Lagascalia 12(2): 274 (1984)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Morocco

12 POR SPA 20 MOR

subspecies :

subsp. discolor (Maire) Mathez; Naturalia Monspel., Sér. Bot. 56: 167 (1992)

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria

20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea involucrata var. discolor Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 21: 305 (1933)

= Centaurea pullata var. discolor (Maire) Dobignard; J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 28: 61 (2004)

species :

Centaurea pulvinata (Blanca) Blanca; Lazaroa 6: 173 (1984 publ. 1985)

Distribution: SE-Spain (Sa. de Baza, Sa. de Los Filabres, Sa. Nevada)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea boissieri var. macracantha Font Quer; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 25: 101 (1925)

= Centaurea sagredoi subsp. pulvinata Blanca; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 36: 145 (1979 publ. 1980)

species :

Centaurea pungens Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 29 (1874)

subspecies :

subsp. pungens

Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Mauritania

20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 22 MTN

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa pungens (Pomel) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 143 (1973)

= Centaurea macracantha Coss. & Durieu ex Batt. &Trab.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 501 (1889)

= Centaurea pungens f. alobyphylla Pau; Bol. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 21: 201 (1921)

subspecies :

subsp. austromaroccana Förther & Podlech; Sendtnera 7: 89 (2001)

Distribution: Morocco; Mauritania

20 MOR 22 MTN

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea austromaroccana (Förther & Podlech) Gómiz; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 61: 208 (2004)

species :

Centaurea radichii Plazibat; Nat. Croat. 9(Suppl. 1): 79 (2000), nom. nov.

Distribution: Croatia

13 CRO

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Pannophyllum, cuspidata agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea cuspidata subsp. elegantissima Radić; Zborn. Rob. Visianija Šibenc. 419 (1983)

species :

Centaurea ragusina L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 912 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. ragusina

Distribution: Italy; S-Croatia (mainly on the islands)

13 CRO ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Carduiformes

Synonyms: hidden

= Acrolophus ragusinus (L.) Webb ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 23 (1840)

= Centaurea tomentosa Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 207 (1796)

= Colymbada ragusina (L.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 316 (1972)

= Cyanus ragusinus (L.) Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 383 (1791)

= Cyanus rotundatus Moench; Methodus [Moench] 561 (1794)

= Jacea ragusina (L.) Lam. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 795 (1841)

= Staebe ragusina (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 66 (1768)

subspecies :

subsp. lungensis (Ginzb.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 756 (1931)

Distribution: France [I]; S-Croatia (island of Dagi & adjacent islets)

12 fra 13 CRO

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea lungensis Ginzb.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 66: 463 (1916)

species :

Centaurea rahiminejadii Negaresh; Nordic J. Bot. 34(1): 16 (2015)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea raimondoi Bancheva & Kaya; Fl. Medit. 25(Special Issue): 306, figs. 1-5 (2015)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus raimondoi (Bancheva & Kaya) Negaresh; Candollea 73(1): 102 (2018)

species :

Centaurea raphanina Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 2: 205 (1813)

subspecies :

subsp. raphanina

Distribution: Greece (Kiklades: Siros etc.); Crete (widespread); East Aegaean Isl. (Karpathos, Kasos)

13 GRC KRI 34 EAI

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Rhizanthae

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea carduncella DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 591 (1838)

= Centaurea eriopoda Rech.f.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 33: 13 (1934)

= Centaurea nana Sieber; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 675 (1875)

= Centaurea pumila d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 374 (1822)

= Centaurea raphanina f. interdicta Greuter; Candollea 31(2): 229 (1976)

= Centaurea raphanina subsp. saxatilis (K.Koch) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

= Centaurea saxatilis (K.Koch) B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 1: 476 (1893)

= Centaurium saxatile K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 419 (1851)

= Colymbada raphanina (Sm.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 228 (1974)

= Phaeopappus saxatilis (K.Koch) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 602 (1875)

subspecies :

subsp. mixta (DC.) Runemark; Bot. Not. 120: 175 (1967)

Distribution: Greece (Evvoia, Attiki, Peloponnisos, widespread on Kiklades and Sporades); East Aegaean Isl. (Ikaria)

13 GRC 34 EAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea hellenica Boiss. & Spruner; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 131 (1846)

= Centaurea hellenica f. intermedia Heldr.; Exsicc. Herb. Graecum Normale 1889: no. 1047b (1889)

= Centaurea mixta DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 594 (1838)

= Centaurea pumila Spruner ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 430 (1879)

= Centaurea raphanina Spruner ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 430 (1879) non Sibth. & Sm. 1813

= Colymbada mixta (DC.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

species :

Centaurea ravansarensis Ranjbar & Negaresh; Nordic J. Bot. 31(4): 432 (2013)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea rechingeri Phitos; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 67: 165 (1964)

Distribution: Greece (Sporades, Skiros); East Aegaean Isl. (Samos)

13 GRC 34 EAI

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Carduiformes

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea scyria Runemark; Bot. Not. 120: 166 (1967)

= Colymbada rechingeri (Phitos) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 304 (1977)

= Colymbada scyria (Runemark) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

species :

Centaurea redempta Heldr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 37: 243 (1890)

subspecies :

subsp. redempta

Distribution: W-Crete

13 KRI

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Carduiformes

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada redempta (Heldr.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 316 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. cytherea (Rech.f.) Routsi & T.Georgiadis; Nordic J. Bot. 14(4): 377 (1994)

Distribution: S-Greece (Kithira, Ion Isl.)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea cytherea Rech.f.; Boissiera 13: 149 (1967)

= Colymbada cytherea (Rech.f.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 304 (1977)

species :

Centaurea reducta Wagenitz; Candollea 36: 3, f. 2 (1981)

Distribution: Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, NW-Syria)

34 LEB SYR

species :

Centaurea reflexa Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 675 (1783)

subspecies :

subsp. reflexa

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa reflexa (Lam.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

= Centaurea hispida DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 589 (1838)

= Colymbada reflexa (Lam.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 316 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. sosnowskyi (Grossh.) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(3): 116 (2000)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

33 ARM AZE 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea sosnowskyi Grossh.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 33 2: 246 (1927)

= Colymbada sosnowskyi (Grossh.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

species :

Centaurea regia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 135 (1846)

Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran); Syria (Jazira)

34 IRN IRQ SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cynaroides regia (Boiss.) Dostál; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19(1 -4): 77 (1973)

= Centaurea cardunculus Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 135 (1846) (non Pall. (1771))

variant :

var. longispinosa Negaresh; Phytotaxa 363(1): 96 (2018)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

variant :

var. purpurea Negaresh; Phytotaxa 363(1): 96 (2018)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

variant :

var. cynarocephala (Wagenitz) Negaresh; Phytotaxa 363(1): 91 (2018)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea cynarocephala Wagenitz; Willdenowia 2: 477 (1960)

= Centaurea regia subsp. cynarocephala (Wagenitz) Wagenitz; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139b: 365 (1980)

= Centaurea regia subsp. javanroudensis Ranjbar & Negaresh; Biol. Diversity Conservation 5(1): 6 (2012)

species :

Centaurea reichenbachii DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 583 (1838)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria

13 BUL KOS ROM SRB

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Maculosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta calvescens (Pančić) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 313 (1972)

= Acosta reichenbachioides (Hayek) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

= Centaurea arenaria Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 5: 26, t. 443, f. 634 (1827) non M. Bieb. 1808

= Centaurea biebersteinii Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 75 (1859)

= Centaurea calvescens Pančić; Fl. Serbiae 442 (1874), in clavi

= Centaurea dacica Borza; Bul. Inform. Grad. Bot. Univ. Cluj 1: 23 (1921)

= Centaurea reichenbachioides Schur ex Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 667 (1901)

species :

Centaurea resupinata Coss.; Notes Pl. Crit. 2(3): 114 (1851)

subspecies :

subsp. resupinata

Distribution: SE-Spain; Morocco; Algeria

12 SPA 20 ALG MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta lagascae (Nyman) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 303 (1977)

= Acosta resupinata (Coss.) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 22 (1982)

= Acosta resupinata subsp. lagascae (Nyman) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 22 (1982)

= Acosta resupinata subsp. spachii (Sch.Bip. ex Willk.) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 23 (1982)

= Acosta spachii (Willk.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 143 (1973)

= Centaurea angulosa Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 26. 26 (1874)

= Centaurea boissieri subsp. lagascae (Nyman) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 92 (1987 publ. (1988)

= Centaurea boissieri subsp. resupinata (Coss.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 201 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Centaurea boissieri subsp. spachii (Sch.Bip. ex Willk.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 202 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Centaurea dufourii subsp. lagascae (Nyman) Blanca; Lagascalia 10(2): 161 (1982)

= Centaurea dufourii subsp. resupinata (Coss.) Blanca; Lagascalia 10(2): 164 (1982)

= Centaurea dufourii subsp. spachii (Sch.Bip. ex Willk.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 202 (1976)

= Centaurea incana Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 32 (1816) non Ten., non Desf.

= Centaurea lagascae Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 33 (1854 publ. 1855)

= Centaurea polyphylla Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 281 (1875), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea resupinata subsp. lagascae (Nyman) Breitw. & Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 22: 90 (1986), isonym:

= Centaurea resupinata subsp. lagascae (Nyman) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 1: 4 (1982)

= Centaurea resupinata subsp. spachii (Sch.Bip. ex Willk.) Breitw. & Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 22: 82 (1986), isonym

= Centaurea resupinata subsp. spachii (Sch.Bip. ex Willk.) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 1: 4 (1982)

= Centaurea setabensis Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 13: 332 (1899)

= Centaurea spachii Sch.Bip. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 154 (1865)

= Centaurea spachii subsp. lagascae (Nyman) Figuerola, Peris & Stübing; Feddes Repert. 102(1-2): 3 (1991)

= Centaurea spachii subsp. resupinata (Coss.) Figuerola, Peris & Stübing; Feddes Repert. 102(1-2): 4 (1991)

= Centaurea tenuifolia subsp. spachii (Willk.) Emb. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 26 (1940)

subspecies :

subsp. dufourii (Dostál) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

Distribution: E-Spain (S-Valencia); Morocco

12 SPA 20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea boissieri subsp. dufourii Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 201 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Centaurea boissieri var. dufourii (Dostál) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 92 (1987 publ. (1988)

= Centaurea boissieri var. humilis (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 92 (1987 publ. 1988)

= Centaurea dufourii (Dostál) Blanca; Lagascalia 10(2): 154 (1982)

= Centaurea dufourii var. humilis (Pau) Blanca; Lagascalia 10(2): 160 (1982)

= Centaurea incana Loscos & J.Pardo; Ser. Inconf. Pl. Aragon. 59 (1863), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea setabensis subsp. humilis (Pau) Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Fl. Montiber. 58: 24 (2014)

= Centaurea spachii var. humilis Pau; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 27: 435 (1898)

= Centaurea tenuifolia Dufour; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 2: 303 (1820) non Salisb.

subspecies :

subsp. rifana (Emb. & Maire) Breitw. & Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 22: 87 (1986)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta resupinata subsp. degenii (Sennen) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 22 (1982)

= Centaurea degenii Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 194 (1936) ex Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 27: 237 (1936)

= Centaurea dufourii subsp. rifana (Emb. & Maire) Blanca; Lagascalia 10(2): 165 (1982)

= Centaurea resupinata subsp. degenii (Sennen) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 1: 4 (1982)

= Centaurea rifana Emb. & Maire ex Sennen & Mauricio; Cat. Fl. Rif Orient. 65 (1933), pro syn.

= Centaurea spachii subsp. rifana (Emb. & Maire) Figuerola, Peris & Stübing; Feddes Repert. 102(1-2): 4 (1991)

= Centaurea spachii var. rifana Maire

subspecies :

subsp. simulans (Emb. & Maire) Breitw. & Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 22: 85 (1986)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea dissecta var. perplexans Emb. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 27: 237 (1936)

= Centaurea monticola subsp. perplexans (Emb. & Maire) Ibn Tattou; Bocconea 8: 29 (1998)

= Centaurea spachii var. simulans Emb. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 26 (1940)

subspecies :

subsp. virens (Pau) Ferrer, Roselló, A.Navarro, Peris, Gómez Nav., A.Guillén & E.Laguna; Fl. Montiber. 53: 76 (2012)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea incana var. virens Pau; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 27: 435 (1898)

subspecies :

subsp. vulnerariifolia (Pomel) Breitw. & Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 22: 79 (1986)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea vulnerariifolia Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 26 (1874)

species :

Centaurea reuteriana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 18 (1844)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)

34 EAI TUR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ermenekensis Şirin & Uysal; Medit. Bot. 41(2): 176 (2020)

= Centaurea lanigera subsp. reuteriana (Boiss.) Dostál; Preslia 10: 68 (1931)

= Centaurea reuteriana var. phrygia Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 24(2): 474 (1909)

= Cyanus ermenekensis (Şirin & Uysal) Raab-Straube & Greuter; Willdenowia 51(1): 145 (2021)

= Cyanus reuterianus (Boiss.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 145 (1973), as ´reuterianus´

= Cyanus reuterianus var. phrygius (Bornm.) Negaresh; Phytotaxa 531(1): 30 (2022)

species :

Centaurea rhaetica Moritzi; Neue Denkschr. Allg. Schweiz. Ges. Gesammten Naturwiss. 3: 81 (1839)

Name: Rätische Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; N-Italy

11 ger SWI 13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Lepteranthus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea austriaca subsp. rhaetica (Moritzi) Ces.; Not. Nat. Civ. Lombardia [Cattaneo] 1: 302 (1844)

species :

Centaurea rhizantha C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer [C.A. von Meyer] 64 (1831)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

32 TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea glaucescens Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 31 (1854)

= Centaurea grossheimii Sosn.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 34: 288 (1949)

= Centaurea rhizanthoides Tzvelev; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 28: 568, 620 (1963)

= Centaurea sessilis var. pinnatiloba Rech.f.; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 11(5): 33 (1952)

species :

Centaurea rhizocalathium (K.Koch) Tchich.; Asie Min., Bot. [P.A.Tchichatscheff] 2: 309 (1860)

Distribution: Armenia; Turkey (NE-Anatolia)

33 ARM 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurium rhizocalathium K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 417 (1851)

= Centaurea taraxacifolia Boiss.; Asie Min., Bot. [P.A.Tchichatscheff] 2: 321 (1860)

= Centaurea rhizocalathium (K.Koch) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 675 (1875)

species :

Centaurea rigida Banks & Sol.; Nat. Hist. Aleppo, ed. 2 [Russell]: 2: 263 (1794)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, N-Israel); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)

34 IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa rigida (Banks & Sol.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

= Centaurea myriocephala Sch.Bip.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 682 (1875)

= Centaurea myriocephala var. erythracantha Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 372 (1928)

= Centaurea myriocephala var. schizophylla (Nábělek) Nábělek; Spisy Přír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 105: 47 (1929)

= Centaurea rigida f. schizophylla (Nábělek) Blakelock; Kew Bull. [4]: 4 (1949)

= Centaurea rigida var. erythracantha (Bornm.) Blakelock; Kew Bull. [4]: 48 (1949)

= Centaurea rigida var. schizophylla (Nábělek) Wagenitz; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139b: 377 (1980)

= Centaurea russeliana H.Buek; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle], Index 2: p. vi (1840)

= Centaurea schizophylla Nábělek; Publ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Masaryk, Brno 52: 42 (1925), et in Publ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Masaryk, Brno 105: 47 (1929)

species :

Centaurea ropalon Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 25 (1874)

Distribution: Algeria; Tunisia

20 ALG TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Jacea ropalon (Pomel) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 145 (1973)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. ropalon (Pomel) Maire

= Centaurea amara subsp. ropalon (Pomel) Arènes

species :

Centaurea rouyi Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 3(5): 165 (1899)

Distribution: E-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta rouyi (Coincy) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 23 (1982)

= Centaurea boissieri f. tenuiloba Freyn; Iter III Hispanicum 420 (1891), nomen

= Centaurea boissieri subsp. rouyi (Coincy) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17: 92 (1988)

= Centaurea boissieri var. macrocephala (Blanca) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 93 (1987 publ. 1988)

= Centaurea boissieri var. rouyi (Coincy) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 92 (1987 publ. 1988)

= Centaurea prostrata var. decumbens Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 31: 43 (1884)

= Centaurea rouyi var. macrocephala Blanca; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 38(1): 75 (1981)

variant :

var. segariensis (Figuerola, Peris & Stübing) Rivas Mart. & M.J.Costa; Itinera Geobot. 15(2): 699 (2002)

Distribution: E-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea boissieri var. segariensis (Figuerola, Peris & Stübing) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Man. Països Catalans 3: 934 (1995)

= Centaurea segariensis Figuerola, Peris & Stübing; Feddes Repert. 102(1-2): 4 (1991)

variant :

var. suffrutescens Blanca; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 38(1): 76 (1981)

Distribution: E-Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea boissieri var. suffrutescens (Blanca) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 93 (1987 publ. 1988)

= Centaurea rouyi subsp. suffrutescens (Blanca) Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Fl. Montiber. 41: 31 (2009)

species :

Centaurea rufidula Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 103 (1923)

Distribution: S-North Macedonia (NW of Dojran)

13 NMA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Cylindracea

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta rufidula (Bornm.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 (1974)

species :

Centaurea rumelica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(3): 78 (1856)

Distribution: North Macedonia; SE-Romania; Bulgaria

13 BUL NMA ROM

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Acrocentron

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada rumelica (Boiss.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

= Centaurea popovici-hatzegi Prodan; Magyar Bot. Lapok 11: 267 (1912)

species :

Centaurea rupestris L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 1298 (1763)

Name: Felsen-Flockenblume

Distribution: Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro

13 BIH CRO ITA MNT SLV

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Acroptilon

Synonyms: hidden

= Acrocentron tenuifolium Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 50: 254 (1827)

= Calcitrapa rupestris (L.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

= Centaurea argentea Friv. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 429 (1879)

= Centaurea collina Scop. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 429 (1879)

= Centaurea saxatilis Bertol. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 429 (1879)

= Centaurea variabilis Bartl.; Beitr. Bot. [Bartling & Wendland] 2: 114 (1825) ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 323 (1840)

= Centaurea vranjana Adamović ex Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 754 (1931)

= Colymbada rupestris (L.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 316 (1972)

species :

Centaurea rutifolia Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 2: 205 (1813)

Distribution: Greece (Mt. Athos)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Pannophyllum

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta pannosa (DC.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

= Acosta rutifolia (Sm.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

= Centaurea cineraria d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 371 (1822) (non L.)

= Centaurea pannosa DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 582 (1838)

= Centaurea rutifolia Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 642 (1875)

species :

Centaurea saccensis Raimondo, Bancheva & Ilardi; Bocconea 17: 293 (2004)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

species :

Centaurea sadleriana Janka; Természetrajzi Füz. 2: 142 (1878)

Name: Sadler-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: E-Austria; Germany [I]; Switzerland; Slovakia; N-Hungary; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania

11 AUT ger HUN SLO SWI 13 KOS ROM SRB

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Lopholoma. Often included in C. scabiosa as subspecies.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea scabiosa Sadler; Fl. Pest, ed. 2: 409 (1840)

= Centaurea scabiosa subsp. sadleriana (Janka) Asch. & Graebn.; Fl. Nordostdeut. Flachl. 754 (1899)

= Colymbada sadleriana (Janka) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 13 (1984), isonym

= Colymbada sadleriana (Janka) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

species :

Centaurea saeidii Negaresh; Phytotaxa 690(2): 268 (2025)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea sagredoi Blanca; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 36: 144 (1979 publ. 1980)

Distribution: SE-Spain (Sa. de los Filabres)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta sagredoi (Blanca) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 23 (1982)

species :

Centaurea sakarensis Bancheva & Raimondo; Pl. Biosystems 147(3): 802 (2013)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

species :

Centaurea sakariyaensis Uysal & Dural; Pl. Biosystems 151(1): 126 (2015)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea saligna (K.Koch) Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 172 (1963)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea schizolepis (Boiss.) Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 2: 553 (1873)

= Chartolepis saligna K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 421 (1851)

= Chartolepis schizolepis Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 596 (1875)

= Phaeopappus salignus (K.Koch) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 596 (1875)

species :

Centaurea salmasensis Ranjbar & Heydari; Phytotaxa 277(2): 186 (2016)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea salonitana Vis.; Flora 12 (Ergänz. 1): 23 (1829)

Name: Kroatische Flockenblume (DE); Croatian Star-thistle (EN)

Distribution: Hungary; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (N-, NE- & C-Greece, N-Peloponnisos, Evvoia); S-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos); Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, WN-Anatolia)

11 HUN 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC KOS NMA ROM SRB TUE 14 KRY MLD RUS UKR 33 NCS 34 EAI TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Acrocentron salonitanum (Vis.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 44 (1961)

= Centaurea centauroides M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 359 (1808), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea collina Sm.; Fl. Graec. [Sibthorp] 10: t. 914 (1840), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea latisquama DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 589 (1838)

= Centaurea latisquama subsp. salonitana (Vis.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 429 (1879)

= Centaurea liliniea Velen.; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 10: 34 (1904)

= Centaurea reflexa subsp. salonitana (Vis.) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(3): 116 (2000)

= Centaurea rubriflora N.B.Illar.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 18: 309 (1957)

= Centaurea stribrnyi Velen.; Fl. Bulg. [Velenovský] 325 (1891)

= Colymbada salonitana (Vis.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 316 (1972)

species :

Centaurea samothracica Strid & Kit Tan; Phytol. Balcan. 15(2): 186 (2009)

Distribution: NE-Greece (Samothraki)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea, Ser. Acrolophus, related to C. chalcidicaea

species :

Centaurea sanandajensis Ranjbar & Negaresh; Phytotaxa 149(1): 51 (2013)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea sarandinakiae N.B.Illar.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 18: 303 (1957)

Distribution: Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]

14 KRY UKR 33 GEO NCS

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea novorossica Klokov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 28: 556, 619 (1963)

species :

Centaurea sarfattiana Brullo, Gangale & Uzunov; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 125(4): 464 (2004)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Centaurea savranica Klokov; Nauk Zap. Kyjivs´k. Deržavn. Univ. Sevcenka 7(6): 80 (-81) (1948)

Distribution: Moldova; W-Ukraine (E of Balta)

14 MLD UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta savranica (Klokov) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 304 (1977)

= Centaurea rhenana subsp. savranica (Klokov) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 200 (1976)

species :

Centaurea saxicola Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 32 (1816)

Distribution: SE-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Acrocentron

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea jimenezii (Molero) Sánchez-Gómez, M.A.Carrión & A.Hern.; Anales Biol., Fac. Biol., Univ. Murcia 24: 213 (2002)

= Centaurea ornata subsp. saxicola (Lag.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 195 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Centaurea saxicola subsp. jimenezii Molero; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 47(1): 265 (1989 publ. 1990)

= Centaurea saxicola var. cervantesi Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 69 (1936), pro syn.

= Centaurea saxicola var. littorale Esteve; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 23: 185 (1965)

= Colymbada saxicola (Lag.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 228 (1974)

species :

Centaurea saxifraga Coincy; J. Bot. [Morot] 11: 45 (1897)

Distribution: SE-Spain (Granada: Cerro Jabalcon)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Subsect. Lagascanae

species :

Centaurea scabiosa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 913 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. scabiosa

Name: Skabiosen-Flockenblume (DE), Greater Knapweed (EN)

Distribution: Faeroe Isl. [I]; England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Orkney Isl. [I]); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Andorra; Channel Isl.; Italy; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka [I], Khabarovsk [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], New Brunswick [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Idaho [I], Iowa [I], Kentucky [I], Maine [I], Montana [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], Utah [I], Wyoming [I])

10 DEN FIN for GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SMA SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Lopholoma. The species is in the center of a very complex ring of taxa which are intermittently treated as species or subspecies.

Synonyms: hidden

= Acrocentron scabiosa (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 44 (1961)

= Centaurea atropurpurea Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 237 (1846)

= Centaurea borealis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 208 (1796)

= Centaurea calcaria Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 7: 32 (1849)

= Centaurea coriacea Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2: 214 (1805)

= Centaurea coriacea Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2296 (1803)

= Centaurea fuliginosa Dolliner ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 424 (1879)

= Centaurea gmelinii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 320 (1841), nom. inval.

= Centaurea integrifolia Vuk.; Rad Jugoslav. Akad. Znan. 58: 153 (1881), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea integrisquama Vuk.; Rad Jugoslav. Akad. Znan. 58: 152 (1881)

= Centaurea italia Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 320 (1841)

= Centaurea italica Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 484 (1807)

= Centaurea pseudospinulosa Borbás; Math. Term. Közlem. 13: 54 (1875)

= Centaurea scabiosa proles albertii Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 149 (1905)

= Centaurea scabiosa proles calcarea (Jord.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 147 (1905)

= Centaurea scabiosa subf. homoephylla Dostál

= Centaurea scabiosa subf. variifolia Dostál

= Centaurea scabiosa subvar. calcarea (Jord.) E.Baumann; Arch. Hydrobiol. Planktonk., Suppl. 1(Veg. Untersees): 466 (1911)

= Centaurea scabiosa f. albiflora A.Siegel; Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 4(3): 39 (1924), nom. inval.

= Centaurea scabiosa f. angustifrons Beck; Fl. Hernstein [Beck] 437 (1884)

= Centaurea scabiosa f. calcarea (Jord.) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 766 (1914)

= Centaurea scabiosa f. dostalii Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18: 176 (1973)

= Centaurea scabiosa f. integrifolia (Gaudin) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 767 (1914)

= Centaurea scabiosa f. integrifolia Vuk.; Rad Jugoslav. Akad. Znan. 40 (1880)

= Centaurea scabiosa f. moravica Podp.; Spisy Přír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 12: 33 (1922)

= Centaurea scabiosa f. subheterophylla Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18(1-2): 177 (1973)

= Centaurea scabiosa f. tenuisecta Nikolić.Diklić & Gajić; Glasn. Prír. Mus. Beogradu, Ser. B, Biol. Nauke 28: 25 (1974)

= Centaurea scabiosa subsp. alpina (Gaudin) Briq.; Monogr. Centaurées Alpes Marit. 133 (1902)

= Centaurea scabiosa subsp. angustifrons (Beck) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 13 (1984)

= Centaurea scabiosa subsp. calcarea (Jord.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 123 (1913)

= Centaurea scabiosa subsp. tenuifolia (Gaudin) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli]: ? (1882)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. alpina Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 404 (1829)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. angustifolia Fuckel; Nassaus Flora [Fuckel] 184 (1856)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. calcarea (Jord.) Loret & Barrandon; Fl. Montpellier 1: 371, 424 (1876)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. coriacea (Willd.) F.W.Schultz; Fl. Pfalz [F.W.Schultz] 257 (1845)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. dissecta Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 146 (1905)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. dumetorum (Beck) Briq.; Monogr. Centaurées Alpes Marit. 130 (1902)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. elatior Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 216 (1832)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. gelmii Briq.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 475 (1897)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. grandis Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 149 (1905)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. integrifolia (Gaudin) D.Delip.; Fitologiya 34: 70 (1988)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. integrifolia Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 404 (1829)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. integrifolia Moritzi; Pfl. Schweiz [Moritzi] 398 (1832)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. latifolia Fuckel; Nassaus Flora [Fuckel] 184 (1856)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. macrocephala Cariot; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 7, 2: 394 (1884)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. nana P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 4: 531 (86) (2006)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. neglecta (Willd.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 216 (1832)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. petrophila Reut.; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Genève, éd. 2: 119 (1861)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. pseudospinulosa (Borbás) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 13 (1984)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. spinulosa F.W.Schultz; Fl. Pfalz [F.W.Schultz] 258 (1845)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. vulgaris W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 412 (1837)

= Centaurea scabiosaeformis St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 122 (1880)

= Centaurea scabiosifolia St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 8: 203 (1881)

= Centaurea scabiosiformis St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 122 (1880)

= Centaurea stereophylla Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 237 (1846) non Besser

= Centaurea subarmata Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 229 (1907)

= Centaurea sylvatica Pourr.; Hist. & Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Toulouse 3: 310 (1788)

= Centaurea tenuifolia Schleich. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 323 (1841), nom. inval.

= Centaurea variifolia Loisel.; Not. Fl. France 130 (1810)

= Colymbada calcarea (Jord.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

= Colymbada scabiosa (L.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 316 (1972)

= Colymbada scabiosa (L.) Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 83 (9-10): 656 (1972 publ. 1973)

= Colymbada scabiosa subsp. angustifrons (Beck) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 13 (1984)

= Colymbada scabiosa var. praealpina (Beck) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 13 (1984)

= Colymbada scabiosa var. pseudospinulosa (Borbás) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 13 (1984)

= Colymbada sylvatica (Pourr.) Holub; Preslia 45: 144 (1973)

= Cyanus coriaceus (Waldst. & Kit.) Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 76 (1817)

= Cyanus laciniatus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 192 (1782), opus utique oppr.

= Cyanus scabiosa (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 561 (1794)

= Jacea scabiosa (L.) Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 51 (1779)

= Lopholoma scabiosa (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 44: 37 (1827)

= Menomphalus scabiosa (L.) Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 33 (1874)

= Phrygia major Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 441 (1821), nom. superfl.

= Sagmen jaceoides Hill; Herb. Brit. [Hill] 1: 113 (1769)

= Sagmen scabiosa (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 66 (1768)

= Setachna sylvatica (Pourr.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 520 (1867)

subspecies :

subsp. alpestris (Hegetschw.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 424 (1879)

Name: Alpische Skabiosen-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; France; Italy; Crimea

11 AUT GER LIE POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA 14 KRY

Synonyms: hidden

= Acrocentron alpestre (Hegetschw.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 44 (1961)

= Centaurea alpestris f. oblongifolia Murr; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 20(2): 27 (1902)

= Centaurea alpestris Hegetschw.; Fl. Schweiz [Hegetschweiler] 854 (1840)

= Centaurea alpestris var. vestita Murr; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 17: 150 (1899)

= Centaurea scabiosa subsp. kotschyana Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 180 (1894)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. alpestris (Hegetschw.) Godet; Fl. Jura, Suppl. 114 (1869)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. alpestris (Hegetschw.) Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 56 (1879)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. fuliginosa Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr. 381 (1858)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. hispida Mutel; Fl. Dauphiné, éd. 2: 349 (1848)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. kotschyana Michalet; Not. Pl. Dép. Jura 83 (1854)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. macrocephala Gren.; Fl. Jurass. [Grenier] 448 (1865)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. menteyerica (Chaix) Cariot; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 7, 2: 394 (1884)

= Centaurea scabiosa var. praealpina Beck; Fl. Hernstein [Beck] 422 (1884)

= Colymbada alpestris (Hegetschw.) Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 83(9-10): 656 (1972 publ. 1973)

= Lopholoma alpestris (Hegetschw.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 97 (1869)

subspecies :

subsp. badensis (Tratt.) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 126 (1907)

Distribution: N-Austria; Slovakia

11 AUT SLO

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea badensis Tratt.; Arch. Gewächsk. [Trattinick] 1: 28 (1811)

= Centaurea scabiosa subsp. vertesensis (Boros) Soó

= Centaurea ×vertesensis Boros; Bot. Közlem. 37: 40 (1940)

= Colymbada badensis (Tratt.) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 13 (1984), isonym

= Colymbada badensis (Tratt.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 228 (1974)

subspecies :

subsp. fritschii (Hayek) Soó; Feddes Repert. 85(7-8): 438 (1974)

Distribution: Austria; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Bulgaria; NE-Greece (rare)

11 AUT HUN SLO 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT SLV SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea fritschii Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 623 (1901)

= Centaurea grinensis subsp. fritschii (Hayek) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 195 (1976), et Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 13 (1984), isonym

= Centaurea grinensis subsp. fritschii (Hayek) Soó; Feddes Repert. 85: 438 (1974)

= Colymbada scabiosa subsp. fritschii (Hayek) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Preslia 46(2): 135 (1974)

subspecies :

subsp. grinensis (Reut.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 424 (1879)

Distribution: Switzerland; France; Italy

11 SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea grinensis Reut.; Cat. Graines Jard. Bot. Genève 1857: 4 (1858)

= Colymbada grinensis (Reut.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 9(3): 272 (1974)

= Colymbada grinensis (Reut.) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 13 (1984), isonym

subspecies :

subsp. integra Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003), nom. nov.

Distribution: E-European Russia; Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan

14 RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea integrifolia Tausch; Flora 11: 485 (1828), non Gaudich. 1829

subspecies :

subsp. menteyerica (Vill.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 424 (1879)

Distribution: France; Italy

12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea menteyerica Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 1: 365 3: 48 (1788)

= Colymbada menteyerica (Vill.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

subspecies :

subsp. tematinensis (Domin) Domin; Preslia 13-15: 246 (1936)

Distribution: Hungary

11 HUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea tematinensis Domin; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 53 (1930)

species :

Centaurea scannensis Anzal., Soldano & F.Conti; Annot. Checkl. Italian Vasc. Fl. 17 (2005)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Centaurea schimperi DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 596 (1838)

Distribution: Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir)

35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Phaeopappus schimperi (DC.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 602 (1875)

species :

Centaurea schousboei Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 2, 2: 85 (1861)

Distribution: SW-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Paniculatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta schousboei (Lange) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 C (1974)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. schousboei (Lange) Arènes; Agron. Lusit. 11: 24 (1949)

= Centaurea paniculata var. schousboei Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 656 (1913)

species :

Centaurea scillae Brullo; Veg. Aspromonte 48 (2001)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Centaurea sclerolepis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 136 (1846)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea scoparia Sieber ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 402 (1826)

Distribution: Egypt (Eastern Desert, SE-Egypt); Israel (S-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (N-Saudi Arabia)

20 EGY 34 ISR JOR SIN 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Phaeopappus scoparius (Sieber ex Spreng.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 602 (1875)

species :

Centaurea scopulorum Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 115 (1849)

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada scopulorum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

variant :

var. gracilior Wagenitz; Willdenowia 6(3): 499 (1972)

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea scripczinskyi Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 82(11): 86 (1997)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Centaurea seguenzae (Lacaita) Brullo, Marcenò & Siracusa; Colloq. Phytosoc. 28: 489 (2004)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea panormitana subsp. seguenzae (Lacaita) Greuter; Med-Checkl. 2: 126 (2008)

= Centaurea seguenzae (Lacaita) Domina, Greuter & Raimondo; Israel J. Pl. Sci. 64(1-2): 55 (2017), isonym

= Centaurea todaroi f. seguenzae Lacaita; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 22: 245 (1915)

= Centaurea todaroi subsp. seguenzae (Lacaita) Giardina & Raimondo; Bocconea 20: 10 (2007)

species :

Centaurea sehat-niakii Negaresh; Taxon. Biosyst. 12(44): 16 (2021), nom. nov.

Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea deflexa Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 229 (1974), nom. nov. illeg.

= Centaurea nivea var. declinata (Boiss.) Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 172 (1963)

= Cheirolepis declinata (Boiss.) Czerep.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 471 (1960)

= Phaeopappus declinatus Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 595 (1875)

species :

Centaurea senegalensis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 598 (1838)

Distribution: S-Algeria; Mauritania; Senegal; Mali; Burkina Faso; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; N-Chad (incl. Ennedi); Sudan

20 ALG 22 BEN BKN MLI MTN NGA SEN 23 CMN 24 CHA SUD

species :

Centaurea sennikoviana Negaresh & Kaya; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 52(5-6): 321 (2015)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea sericea Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 222 (1974)

Distribution: Turkey (W-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea seridis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 915 (1753)

Distribution: Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera); France; Italy; Sicily; Albania; Greece (Ionian Isl., Korfu, W- & SE-Peloponnisos); Morocco; Algeria; ?Tunisia; Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I])

12 BAL FRA GIB SPA 13 ALB GRC ITA SIC 20 ALG MOR 21 mdr

Remarks: Subgen. Seridia

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapoides seridis (L.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 10 (1973)

= Calcitrapa cichoracea Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 32 (1779)

= Calcitrapa sonchifolia (L.) Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 32, Moench, Meth. 564 (1779)

= Calcitrapoides sonchifolia (L.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 170 (1973)

= Centaurea auriculata Balb. ex Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 486 (1807)

= Centaurea cruenta Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 929 (1809)

= Centaurea homoeosceros Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 13: 42 (1914)

= Centaurea jacobi Dufour; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: 348 (1860)

= Centaurea neglecta Martrin-Donos ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 431 (1879)

= Centaurea polyacantha Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 406 (1826)

= Centaurea seridis subsp. cruenta (Willd.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 203 (1976)

= Centaurea seridis subsp. jacobi (Dufour) P.P.Ferrer, R.Roselló, E.Laguna, A.Guillén, Gómez Nav. & Peris; Nemus 7: 82 (2017)

= Centaurea seridis subsp. sonchifolia (L.) Briq.; Monogr. Centaurées Alpes Marit. 173, 176 (1902)

= Centaurea seridis subsp. sonchifolia (L.) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

= Centaurea seridis var. auriculata (Balb. ex Pers.) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 539 (1878)

= Centaurea seridis var. epapposa Caball.; Excurs. Bot. Melilla 34 (1917)

= Centaurea seridis var. sonchifolia (L.) Briq.; Monogr. Centaurées Alpes Marit. 173, 176 (1902)

= Centaurea seridis var. subferox Pau & Font Quer; Iter Marocc. [Font Quer], Exsicc. 1927: no. 707 (1928)

= Centaurea sonchifolia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 915 (1753)

= Centaurea sonchifolia var. oscilans Pau; Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 1(1): 52 (1922)

= Pycnocomus sonchifolius (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 67 (1768)

= Seridia auriculata Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

= Seridia cruenta (Willd.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

= Seridia latifolia Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

= Seridia megacephala Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 48: 499 (1827)

= Seridia sonchifolia (L.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218, Cass. in Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier] 48: 499 (1826)

species :

Centaurea serowensis Negaresh; Phytotaxa 597(1): 38 (2023)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea serpentinica A.Duran & B.Doğan; Nordic J. Bot. 27(4): 319 (2009)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea shahuensis Ranjbar & Negaresh; Nordic J. Bot. 31(4): 430 (2013)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea shehbazii Ranjbar & Negaresh; Edinburgh J. Bot. 71(1): 51 (2014)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea shouilea Parsa; Fl. Iran [Parsa] 10: 176 (1980)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Remarks: status doubtful

species :

Centaurea shumkana Kit Tan, Shuka & Wagenitz; Phytotaxa 348(2): 85 (2018)

Distribution: SE-Albania

13 ALB

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Maculosae, triniifolia agg.

species :

Centaurea sicana Raimondo & Spadaro; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 157: 785 (2008)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

species :

Centaurea sicula L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 918 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. sicula

Name: Sizilianische Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; SE-Spain; France; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; Greece [I] (Peloponnisos [I]); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

11 ger 12 FRA SAR SPA 13 grc ITA MLT PEL SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN

Remarks: Subgen. Solstitiaria

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa nicaensis (All.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 143 (1973)

= Calcitrapa sicula (L.) J.St.-Hil.; Expos. Fam. Nat. 1: 385 (1805)

= Calcitrapa sicula (L.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 133 (1972)

= Centaurea aurea Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 318 (1841)

= Centaurea barbara Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 27 (1874)

= Centaurea fuscata Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 2: 302, t. 244 (1799)

= Centaurea fuscescens Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 28 (1874)

= Centaurea marginata Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1: p. 52 (1811)

= Centaurea nicaeensis All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 162 (1785)

= Centaurea nicaeensis subsp. walliana Maire

= Centaurea xanthina Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 407 (1826)

= Colymbada sicula (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 65 (1768)

= Seridia sicula (L.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

subspecies :

subsp. kroumirensis (Coss.) Dobignard; Willdenowia 37(1): 141 (2007), et Index Syn. Fl. Afrique N. (2011)

Distribution: ?Algeria; Tunisia

20 TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea kroumirensis Coss.; Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 98: 468 (1884), et Ill. Fl. Atlant. 2: 66, t. 139 (1893) ex Batt. & Trab., Fl. del´Alger. (Dicot.) 500 (1889)

species :

Centaurea sieheana Wagenitz; Willdenowia 2: 410, ff. 50-51 (1961)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea simonkaiana Hayek; Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. [Kerner] 9: 79 (1902)

Distribution: Romania

13 ROM

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea trichocephala subsp. simonkaiana (Hayek) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 208 (1976)

= Jacea simonkaiana (Hayek) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 229 (1974)

species :

Centaurea simulans Wagenitz; Candollea 36 - 371, f. 3 (1981)

Distribution: Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria

34 LEB SYR

species :

Centaurea sinaica DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 592 (1838)

Distribution: Egypt (NE-Egypt); Iraq (NW-Iraq, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (Rift Valley, S-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Midyan, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Yemen (coastal Hadhramaut, N-Inner Yemen, W-Yemen)

20 EGY 34 IRQ ISR JOR SIN SYR 35 KUW QAT SAU UAE YEM

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa sinaica (DC.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 143 (1973)

= Centaurea arabica Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vĕstn. Král. České Společn. Nauk., Tř. Mat.-Přír.) 1911: 10 (1911 publ. 1912)

= Centaurea procurrens DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 595 (1838), nom. inval.

= Centaurea pseudosinaica Mouterde; Saussurea 4: 19 (1973), nom. illeg.

species :

Centaurea sipylea Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 229 (1974)

Distribution: Turkey (W-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea goniocaula Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 647 (1875) (non C. goniocaulon (DC.) Sch. Bip. (1847))

species :

Centaurea sirdjanica Parsa; Fl. Iran [Parsa] 10: 165 (1980)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea sivasica Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 218 (1974)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta sivasica (Wagenitz) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11(1): 80 (1976)

species :

Centaurea skopjensis Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki, Makedonska Akad. Nauk Umet. 8(1-2): 52 (1987 publ. 1990)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

species :

Centaurea solitaria Ranjbar & Negaresh; Edinburgh J. Bot. 71(1): 53 (2014)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea solstitialis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 917 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. solstitialis

Name: Sonnwend-Flockenblume (DE); Yellow Star-thistle (EN)

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I]); Norway [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany [I]; Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; France; Channel Isl. [I] (Guernsey [I], +Jersey [I]); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. Kiklades); Crete; Estonia [I]; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Ethiopia [I]; Eritrea [I]; South Africa [I]; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan [I]; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (Jazira, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia, Asir); Kuwait; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Australia [I] (+Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], Manitoba [I], Ontario [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (Arizona [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], Nevada [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Mexico [I]; Bolivia [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I])

10 grb nor 11 AUT BGM CZE ger HUN NET POL SLO SWI 12 cis COR FRA SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR est KRY MLD RUS UKR 20 EGY 24 eri eth 27 saf 31 rfe 32 KAZ kgz TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 KUW OMA SAU 50 aus 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 83 bol 85 arg cle uru

Remarks: Subgen. Solstitiaria

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa erythracantha (Halácsy) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 (1974)

= Calcitrapa fusca Moench; Methodus [Moench] 564 (1794)

= Calcitrapa lutea Delarbre; Fl. Auvergne [Delarbre], éd. 2, 299 (1800)

= Calcitrapa solstitialis (L.) Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 34 (1779)

= Centaurea cyanifolia Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 158 (1811)

= Centaurea erythracantha Halácsy; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 56: 210 (1906)

= Centaurea lappacea Ten.; Index Sem. (Naples, Neapolitano) 15 (1829)

= Centaurea lutea Gueldenst.; Reise Russland [Gueldenstaedt] 2: 43 (1791)

= Centaurea multiflora Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 486 (1807)

= Centaurea parvispina Láng ex Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 204 (1907), in adnot.

= Centaurea pottii Spreng.; Bot. Gart. Halle 23 (1800)

= Centaurea pseudosolstitialis Debeaux; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 12: 211 (1894)

= Centaurea scabra C.Presl; Fl. Sicul. [Presl] 1: XXX (1826)

= Centaurea sicula Leyss. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 594 (1838)

= Centaurea solstitialis subsp. erythracantha (Halácsy) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 204 (1976)

= Centaurea solstitialis subsp. lappacea (Ten.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 394 (1882)

= Centaurea solstitialis subsp. mitis (Ces.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 395 (1882)

= Centaurea solstitialis var. intermedia Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 165 (1905)

= Centaurea solstitialis var. pycnoclada Heldr.; Exsicc. Herb. Graecum Normale 15: no. 1449 (1898)

= Centaurea solstitialis var. pygmaea Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 165 (1905)

= Cyanus solstitialis (L.) J.Presl & C.Presl; Fl. Čech. 179 (1819)

= Leucantha cyanifolia (Poir.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 444 (1821), nom. illeg.

= Leucantha solstitialis (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 44 (1961)

= Seridia solstitialis (L.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

= Setachna solstitialis (L.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 520 (1867)

= Solstitiaria flava Hill; Herb. Brit. [Hill] 1: 77 (1769)

= Solstitiaria solstitialis (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 62 (1768)

= Triplocentron solstitiale (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 97 (1869)

subspecies :

subsp. carneola (Boiss.) Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(2): 229 (1974)

Distribution: Turkey (Cilicia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa carneola (Boiss.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 143 (1973)

= Centaurea carneola Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 83 (1856)

subspecies :

subsp. pyracantha (Boiss.) Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(2): 229 (1974)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa pyracantha (Boiss.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 (1974)

= Centaurea pyracantha Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 685 (1875)

= Centaurea pyracantha var. syriaca Gomb.

= Centaurea syriaca (Gomb.) Gomb.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 96: 12 (1949)

subspecies :

subsp. schouwii (DC.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 204 (1976)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia

11 ger 12 SAR 13 ITA SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea schouwii DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 593 (1838)

= Calcitrapa schouwii (DC.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 307 (1977)

species :

Centaurea sophiae Klokov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 28: 521, 615 (1963)

Distribution: S-European Russia (lower Don valley); C-European Russia

14 RUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea arenaria subsp. sophiae (Klokov) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 197 (1976)

species :

Centaurea soskae Hayek ex Košanin; Glas Srpske Kral. Akad. 119: 275 (1926)

subspecies :

subsp. soskae

Distribution: North Macedonia; Albania; NW-Greece (around lakes Prespa and Ohrid)

13 ALB GRC NMA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Maculosae, triniifolia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta soskae (Hayek) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 (1974)

= Centaurea decora F.K.Mey.; Haussknechtia Beih. 15: 167 (2011) [fide Pils (2016)]

= Centaurea prespana Rech.f.; Ann. Mus. Goulandris 2: 55 (1974 publ. 1975)

subspecies :

subsp. aetiensis T.Gregor, Meierott & Wagenitz; Phytotaxa 348(2): 81 (2018)

Distribution: NW-Greece (Pindos)

13 GRC

subspecies :

subsp. albida Kit Tan, Shuka & Wagenitz; Phytotaxa 348(2): 80 (2018)

Distribution: E-Albania (Lake Prespa)

13 ALB

species :

Centaurea speciosa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 116 (1849)

Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (N-Israel)

34 ISR LEB

species :

Centaurea spectabilis (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 19: 326 (1847)

Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

33 ARM AZE 34 IRN TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Tomanthea

Synonyms: hidden

= Amberboa spectabilis (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 561 (1838)

= Centaurea balsamita D.Don; Brit. Fl. Gard. [Sweet], Ser. 2, t. 355 (1831) non Lam. 1785

= Centaurea spectabilis (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Bordz.; Zap. Kievsk. Obshch. Estestvoisp. 25: 126 (1915), isonym

= Phaeopappus armenus var. microlophus (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 598 (1875)

= Phaeopappus spectabilis (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 124 (1846)

= Psephellus spectabilis Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. [St. Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 4: 43 (1837)

= Tomanthea spectabilis (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Takht.; Trudy Biol. Inst. Armyansk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 241 (1939)

species :

Centaurea sphaerocephala L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 916 (1753)

Name: Kugelkopf-Flockenblume

Distribution: W- & SW-Portugal; S- & E-Spain; Gibraltar; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Morocco; Algeria

12 COR GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ITA SIC 20 ALG MOR

Remarks: Subgen. Seridia

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapoides sphaerocephala (L.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 170 (1973)

= Centaurea caespitosa Cirillo; Pl. Rar. Neapol. 1: 24 (1788)

= Centaurea corsica Gand.; Dec. Pl. Nov. [Gandoger] 1: 27 (1875)

= Centaurea fontanesii (Webb) Spach ex Durand; Rev. Bot. Recueil Mens. 2: 429 (1847)

= Centaurea ixodes Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 284 (1874)

= Centaurea linnaeana Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 450 (1849)

= Centaurea pterocaulos Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 29 (1874)

= Centaurea sonchifolia var. oligocentra Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 19: 193 (1928)

= Centaurea sonchifolia Welw. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 432 (1879)

= Centaurea sphaerocephala (L.) J.Gay ex Durand; Rev. Bot. Recueil Mens. 2: 429 (1846 publ. 1847)

= Centaurea sphaerocephala var. oligocentra (Maire) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 216 (1935)

= Melanoloma fontanesii Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 50: 252 (1823)

= Seridia sphaerocephala (L.) Webb; Iter Hispan. [Webb] 33 (1838)

species :

Centaurea spicata Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 113 (1849)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains)

34 SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea spicata var. amanensis Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 252 (1908)

species :

Centaurea spinosa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 912 (1753)

Distribution: European Turkey; Greece (widespread in the Aegaean, S-Peloponnisos, Evvoia, Samothraki, Limnos); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Ikaria, Dodecanese, Kos, Tilos, Rhodos); Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

13 GRC KRI TUE 34 EAI TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Dumulosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta spinosa (L.) Scop.; Intr. Hist. Nat. 124 (1777)

= Centaurea cycladum Heldr.; Exsicc. Herb. Graecum Normale 1902: no. 1652 (1902)

= Centaurea spinosa f. glabrata Heldr.; Exsicc. Herb. Graecum Normale 1889: no. 1045 (1889)

= Centaurea spinosa subsp. cycladum (Heldr.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 779 (1931)

= Centaurea spinosa subsp. tomentosa (Halácsy) Hayek

= Centaurea spinosa var. tomentosa Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 634 (1898)

= Centaurea spinosa var. tragacanthoides (Rech.f.) Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(3): 429 (1975)

= Centaurea tragacanthoides Rech.f.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43: 145 (1938)

species :

Centaurea spinosociliata Seenus; Beschr. Reise Istr. Dalmat. 65 (1805)

Name: Kamm-Flockenblume

Distribution: Croatia

13 CRO

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, spinosociliata agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta spinoso-ciliata (Seenus) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 134 (1972)

species :

Centaurea splendens L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 914 (1753)

Distribution: S-Ukraine (W-side of estuary of River Bug)

14 UKR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. spIendens (L.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 387 (1882)

= Centaurea concolor Lacaita; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 30: 202 (1923)

= Centaurea klokovii Oppermann ex Klokov; Trudy Inst. Bot. Kharkivs´k. Derzhavn. Univ. 1: 102 (1936), pro syn.

= Centaurea margaritacea Ten.; Fl. Napol. 4, Syll. App. 3: 14 (1830)

= Centaurea splendens subsp. margaritacea (Ten.) Nyman

= Centaurea splendens var. feichtingerana (J.Wagner) Gajić; Fl. Srbije 7: 255 (1975)

= Jacea margaritacea (Ten.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

= Jacea splendens (L.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 133 (1972)

= Phalolepis splendens (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 50: 249 (1828)

species :

Centaurea spruneri Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1(6): 132 (1846)

subspecies :

subsp. spruneri

Distribution: Greece (Attiki, N-Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Carduiformes

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea fraasii Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 429 (1879)

= Centaurea fraasii Sch.Bip. ex Tchich.; Asie Min., Bot. [P.A.Tchichatscheff] 2: 323 (1860)

= Centaurea minoa Heldr.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 662 (1875)

= Centaurea spruneri Boiss. & Orph.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 662 (1875)

= Centaurea spruneri subsp. minoa (Heldr.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 195 (1976)

= Centaurea spruneriana Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 640 (1898)

= Colymbada minoa (Heldr.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 228 (1974)

= Colymbada spruneri (Boiss. & Heldr.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 316 (1972)

subspecies :

subsp. guicciardii (Boiss.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 749 (1931)

Distribution: Albania; Greece (NW- & C-Greece, Ionian Isl., Korfu, Kiklades); C-Crete

13 ALB GRC KRI

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea guicciardii Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 661 (1875)

= Colymbada guicciardii (Boiss.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 315 (1972)

species :

Centaurea stapfiana (Hand.-Mazz.) Wagenitz; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 186 (1963)

Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Chrysopappus stapfianus (Hand.-Mazz.) Takht.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 7: 276 (1938)

= Phaeopappus sintenisii Stapf ex Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 27: 447 (1913)

= Phaeopappus stapfianus Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 27: 447 (1913)

species :

Centaurea stenolepis A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 22: 45 (1872)

Name: Schmalschuppige Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; ?Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of NE-Greece to Olympos); Moldova; Ukraine; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)

11 AUT CZE ger HUN SLO 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 MLD UKR 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea bansagensis H.Wagner

= Centaurea cetia (Beck) J.Wagner; Magyar Fl. 1169 (1925), in clavi

= Centaurea jacea subsp. razgradensis (Velen.) Stoj. & Acht.; Stud. Centaur. Bulg. 69 (1935)

= Centaurea phrygia subsp. razgradensis (Velen.) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

= Centaurea phrygia subsp. stenolepis (A.Kern.) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 168 (1907)

= Centaurea razgradensis Velen.; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. 7(1): no. 8, 25 (1886), et Fl. Bulg. 306 (1891)

= Centaurea stenolepis subsp. bansagensis (H.Wagner) Soó; Syn. Syst. Geobot. Fl. Veg. Hung. 4: 174 (1970)

= Centaurea stenolepis subsp. joannis Kárpáti; Borbásia 5-6: 92 (1946)

= Centaurea stenolepis subsp. razgradensis (Velen.) Dostál in Tutin et al.; Fl. Eur. 4: 295 (1976), comb. inval.

= Centaurea stenolepis subsp. razgradensis (Velen.) Stoj. & Acht.; Stud. Centaur. Bulg. 69 (1935)

= Jacea razgradensis (Velen.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 229 (1974)

= Jacea stenolepis (A.Kern.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 133 (1972)

species :

Centaurea stereophylla Besser; Enum. Pl. [Besser] 35 (1822)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; Moldova; Ukraine

11 ger 13 BUL KOS ROM SRB 14 MLD UKR

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Carduiformes

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea astrachanica Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 397 (1826)

= Centaurea auriculata Spreng.; Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 1: 59 (1813), nom. illeg.

= Colymbada stereophylla (Besser) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

species :

Centaurea sterilis Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29(2): 390 (1856)

Distribution: Ukraine; Crimea

14 KRY UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 353 (1808), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea alba subsp. sterilis (Steven) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(3): 120 (2000)

= Centaurea leucolepis Ledeb. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 420 (1879)

= Centaurea nikitensis N.B.Illar.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 18: 304 (1957)

= Centaurea semijusta Juz.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 14: 43 (1951)

= Centaurea stankovii N.B.Illar.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 18: 305 (1957)

= Centaurea sterilis subsp. semijusta (Juz.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 204 (1976)

= Centaurea sterilis var. ambigua Schmalh.

species :

Centaurea steveniana Klokov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 28: 527, 616 (1963)

Distribution: ?Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea

14 KRY UKR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Centaurea, ovina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta steveniana (Klokov) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 (1974)

= Centaurea ovina subsp. steveniana (Klokov) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 197 (1976)

species :

Centaurea stevenii M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 356 (1808)

subspecies :

subsp. stevenii

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia)

33 ARM AZE GEO 34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Phaeopappus stevenii (M.Bieb.) K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 437 (1851)

subspecies :

subsp. armeniaca Gabrieljan; Fl. Armen. 9: 421 (1995)

Distribution: Armenia; Turkey

33 ARM 34 TUR

species :

Centaurea stoebe L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 914 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. stoebe

Name: Rispen-Flockenblume, Rheinische Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; S-European Russia; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Australia [I] (Australian Capital Territory [I]); New Zealand [I]

10 DEN NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR est KRY lat LIT MLD RUS UKR 33 NCS 50 aus 51 nzl

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Maculosae, stoebe agg. Vgl. also C. australis which is frequently included here or confused.

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta biebersteinii (DC.) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 13 (1984)

= Acosta chaubardii (Rchb.f) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 226 (1974)

= Acosta maculosa (Lam.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

= Acosta maculosa (Lam.) Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 83 (9-10): 655 (1972 publ. 1973)

= Acosta muretii (Jord.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 28(1): 106 (1993)

= Acosta rhenana (Jord. ex Boreau) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 134 (1972)

= Acosta stoebe (L.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 134 (1972)

= Acosta subalbida (Jord.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 (1974)

= Acrolophus biebersteinii (DC.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 44 (1961)

= Acrolophus maculosus (Lam.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 7: 253 (1827)

= Acrolophus rhenanus (Boreau ex Nyman) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 44 (1961)

= Acrolophus subalbidus (Jord.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 97 (1869)

= Acrolophus tenuisectus (Jord.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 97 (1869)

= Centaurea augustana Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 15: 37, t. 785 (1852)

= Centaurea biebersteinii DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 583 (1838)

= Centaurea caerulescens subsp. muretii (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 427 (1879)

= Centaurea chaubardii Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 15: 34, t. 781 (1852)

= Centaurea crispatula Timb.-Lagr.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 10: 262 (1892) in syn.

= Centaurea leptoloma Pančić ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 426 (1879)

= Centaurea maculata Andrz.; Rys Botaniczny 1: 12 (1823)

= Centaurea maculosa f. arenicola Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 166 (1908)

= Centaurea maculosa f. canescens Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 166 (1908)

= Centaurea maculosa f. megamelas (Borbás) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 166 (1908)

= Centaurea maculosa f. muretii (Jord.) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 167 (1908)

= Centaurea maculosa f. pallida Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 166 (1908)

= Centaurea maculosa f. tenuisecta (Jord.) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 167 (1908)

= Centaurea maculosa Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 669 (1785)

= Centaurea maculosa subsp. albida (Lecoq & Lamotte) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 200 (1976)

= Centaurea maculosa subsp. biebersteinii (DC.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 427 (1879)

= Centaurea maculosa subsp. chaubardii (Rchb.f.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 200 (1976)

= Centaurea maculosa subsp. muretii (Jord.) Janch. ex H.P.Fuchs; Feddes Repert. 90(9-10): 637 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Centaurea maculosa subsp. rhenana (Boreau) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 166 (1908)

= Centaurea maculosa subsp. subalbida (Jord.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 200 (1976)

= Centaurea maculosa var. albida Lecoq & Lamotte; Cat. Pl. Plateau Central 40 (1847)

= Centaurea maculosa var. reichenbachioides (Schur) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 166 (1908)

= Centaurea muretii Jord.; Mém. Acad. Natl. Sci. Lyon, Cl. Sci. 1 (Pug. Pl. Nov. Gall.): 108 (1852)

= Centaurea paniculata M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 346 (1808)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. maculosa (Lam.) Briq.; Monogr. Centaurées Alpes Marit. ? (1902)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. maculosa (Lam.) Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 157 (1904), isonym

= Centaurea pedemontana Jord.; Mém. Acad. Natl. Sci. Lyon, Cl. Sci. 1 (Pug. Pl. Nov. Gall.): 110 (1852)

= Centaurea rhenana Boreau; Fl. Centre France [Boreau], éd. 3, 2: 355 (1857) ex Nyman, Consp. 426 (1879)

= Centaurea stoebe f. alba Sigunov; Glasn. Prír. Mus. Beogradu, Ser. B, Biol. Nauke 34: 87 (1979)

= Centaurea stoebe subsp. maculosa (Lam.) Schinz & Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 53: 569 (1909)

= Centaurea stoebe subsp. rhenana (Boreau) Schinz & Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 53: 570 (1909)

= Centaurea subalbida Jord.; Mém. Acad. Natl. Sci. Lyon, Cl. Sci. 1 (Pug. Pl. Nov. Gall.): 109 (1852)

= Centaurea tenuisecta Jord.; Mém. Acad. Natl. Sci. Lyon, Cl. Sci. 1 (Pug. Pl. Nov. Gall.): 110 (1852)

= Cyanus paniculatus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 192 (1782), opus utique oppr.

subspecies :

subsp. serbica (Prodan) Ochsmann; Diss. Bot. 324: 72 (2000)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Bulgaria

13 BUL KOS SRB

Remarks: no confirmed records for Greece fide Strid 2024

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta tartarea (Velen.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 (1974)

= Centaurea affinis subsp. serbica Prodan; Centaur. Român. 137 (1930)

= Centaurea affinis subsp. tartarea (Velen.) T.Georgiadis; Contr. Phylogén. Centaurea L. (sect. Acrolophus (Cass.) DC.) en Grèce 38 (1980)

= Centaurea rhenana subsp. tartarea (Velen.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 200 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Centaurea tartarea Velen.; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. 25 (1886)

species :

Centaurea stricta Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2: 194 (1805)

Distribution: Slovakia; Croatia; Montenegro; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine

11 SLO 13 BUL CRO MNT ROM 14 UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ternopoliensis Dobrocz.; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 6(2): 71 (1949)

= Centaurea triumfettii subsp. stricta (Waldst. & Kit.) Dostál; Acta Bot. Bohem. 10: 72 (1931)

= Cyanus strictus (Waldst. & Kit.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 131 (1972)

= Cyanus ternopoliensis (Dobrocz.) Olšavská; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 173(2): 253 (2013)

= Cyanus triumfettii subsp. strictus (Waldst. & Kit.) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 14 (1984)

species :

Centaurea stuessyi Arnelas, Devesa & E.López; Phytotaxa 115(2): 43 (2013), nom. nov.

Distribution: NE-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Lepteranthus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea linifolia var. aragonensis Willk.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 5(49): 860 (1847)

species :

Centaurea subciliaris Boiss. & Heldr.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 627 (1875)

Distribution: Bulgaria; W-Greece (Epiros, Ionian Isl.)

13 BUL GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. subciliaris (Boiss. & Heldr.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 205 (1976)

species :

Centaurea subsericans Halácsy; Magyar Bot. Lapok 11: 164 (1912)

Distribution: Greece (Attiki, S-Peloponnisos)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Arenariae

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta subsericans (Halácsy) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 (1974)

= Centaurea attica subsp. pateraea (Halácsy) T.Georgiadis; Contr. Phylogén. Centaurea L. (sect. Acrolophus (Cass.) DC.) en Grèce 49 (1980)

= Centaurea attica var. pateraea Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 590 (1898)

species :

Centaurea subtilis Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 9: 451 (1853)

Distribution: SE-Italy (Mte. Gargano)

13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Maculosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta subtilis (Bertol.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 (1974)

= Centaurea garganica Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 425 (1879)

= Centaurea stoebe Ten.; Fl. Napol. 2: 264 (1820) non L.

species :

Centaurea sulphurea Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 930 (1809)

Distribution: E- & S-Spain; France; Morocco; Algeria; Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I]); USA [I] (California [I])

12 FRA SPA 20 ALG MOR 21 cny 76 usa

Remarks: Subgen. Solstitiaria

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa sulphurea (Willd.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 133 (1972)

= Seridia sulphurea (Willd.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 218 (1826)

= Triplocentron sulphureum (Willd.) Webb; Iter Hispan. [Webb] 33 (1838)

species :

Centaurea susannae Invernón & Devesa; Phytotaxa 74: 42 (2012)

Distribution: W- & SW-Portugal

12 POR

Remarks: Subgen. Seridia

variant :

var. paivae Invernón & Devesa; Acta Bot. Malac. 38: 66 (2013)

Distribution: Portugal

12 POR

species :

Centaurea szovitsiana Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 683 (1875)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey; Iran

33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea polypodiifolia var. szovitsiana (Boiss.) Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(2): 229 (1974)

= Centaurea behen DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 567 (1838), nom. illeg.

species :

Centaurea tabriziana (Ranjbar & Negaresh) comb.ined.; non Ranjbar & Heydari 2015

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus tabrizianus Ranjbar & Negaresh; Candollea 68(2): 188 (2013)

species :

Centaurea tabriziana Ranjbar & Heydari; Phytotaxa 201(1): 82 (2015)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea tadshicorum Tzvelev; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 19: 414 (1959)

Distribution: Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Kabul, Parwan)

32 TZK 34 AFG

Remarks: Subgen. Hyalea

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea hierapolitana var. cabulica Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 108: 63 (1938)

= Eremopappus tadshicorum (Tzvelev) Panigrahi; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] (English translation) 28: 459 (1998)

= Hyalea tadshicorum (Tzvelev) Soják; Novit. Bot. Delect. Seminum Horti Bot. Univ. Carol. Prag. 47 (1962)

species :

Centaurea takhtajanii Gabrieljan & Tonyan; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 70(4): 515 (1985)

Distribution: Armenia

33 ARM

species :

Centaurea takredensis Coss.; Bull. Soc. Dauphin. Échange Pl. 10: 413, No. 3999 (1883), nomen, ex Maire in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord 23: 193 (1932), descr.

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Melanoloma takredense (Coss. ex Maire) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 1: 4 (1982)

species :

Centaurea tanaitica Klokov; Nauk Zap. Kyjivs´k. Deržavn. Univ. Sevcenka 7(6): 81 (-82) (1948)

Distribution: S-European Russia; C-European Russia; Ukraine; Northern Caucasus

14 RUS UKR 33 NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea czerkessica Dobrocz. & Kotov; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 19(1): 42 (1962)

= Centaurea pseudotanaitica Galushko; nom. inval.

= Centaurea triumfettii subsp. tanaitica (Klokov) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 208 (1976)

= Cyanus tanaiticus (Klokov) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

species :

Centaurea tardiflora Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 228 (1974)

Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea tauromenitana Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 512 (1844)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Orientales

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada tauromenitana (Guss.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

species :

Centaurea tauscheri A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 22: 119 (1872)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Romania

13 KOS ROM SRB

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Arenariae

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta tauscheri (A.Kern.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

= Centaurea arenaria var. tauscheri (A.Kern.) Gajić; Fl. Srbije 7: 254 (1975)

= Centaurea hungarica Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 231 (1907)

species :

Centaurea tchihatcheffii Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 31 (1854)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia)

34 TUR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea purpureiradiata Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 3: 317 (1967)

= Cyanus tchihatcheffii (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Wagenitz & Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)

= Melanoloma tchihatchewi (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 704 (1875)

species :

Centaurea tenacissima (E.Groves) Brullo; Braun-Blanquetia 2: 32 (1988)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea deusta var. tenacissima H.Groves; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 19: 162 (1887)

species :

Centaurea tenoreana Willk.; Linnaea 30: 117 (1859)

Distribution: Italy (C-Appennini)

13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. tenoreana (Willk.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 205 (1976)

= Centaurea incana Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1(Prodr.): LI (1812), nom. illeg.

species :

Centaurea tenorei Guss. ex Lacaita; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 29: 174 (1922 publ. 1923)

Name: Tenore-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; S-Italy

11 ger 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea dissecta Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1(Prodr.): LI (1812), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea parlatoris subsp. tenorei (Guss. ex Lacaita) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 197 (1976)

species :

Centaurea theryi Emb. & Maire; Pl. Marocc. Nov. 2: 5 (1929)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea theryi Emb. & Maire ex Emb. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 21-22: 39 (1930)

species :

Centaurea thessala Hausskn.; Mitt. Geogr. Ges. (Thüringen) Jena 5: 86 (1889)

Distribution: NC-Greece (Thessalia)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea attica subsp. drakiensis (Freyn & Sint.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 198 (1976)

= Centaurea drakiensis Freyn & Sint.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 783 (1897)

= Centaurea orphanidea subsp. thessala (Hausskn.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 203 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Centaurea thessala subsp. drakiensis (Freyn & Sint.) T.Georgiadis; Contr. Phylogén. Centaurea L. (sect. Acrolophus (Cass.) DC.) en Grèce 68 (1980)

species :

Centaurea thirkei Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 19: 314 (1846)

Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Moldova; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia)

13 BUL ROM TUE 14 MLD 34 TUR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea napulifera subsp. thirkei (Sch.Bip.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 210 (1975 publ. 1976)

= Cyanus banchevae Kaya; Fresenius Environm. Bull. 26(12) 7529, figs. 1-6: (2017)

= Cyanus thirkei (Sch.Bip.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 145 (1973)

species :

Centaurea thracica (Janka) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 203 (1907)

Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (NC-Greece, Evvoia, Epiros); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, WN-Anatolia)

13 BUL GRC ROM TUE 34 TUR

Remarks: Subgen. Macrolophus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea monacantha Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 681 (1875)

= Centaurea thracica (Janka) Hayek; Fl. Bulg. [Stojanov & Stefanoff], ed. 1, 2: 1194 (1925), et Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 795 (1931), isonym

= Centaurea tubiformis Halácsy ex Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 795 (1931)

= Microlophus thracicus (Janka) Soják; Novit. Bot. Delect. Seminum Horti Bot. Univ. Carol. Prag. 47 (1962)

= Serratula thracica Janka; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 22: 178 (1872)

species :

Centaurea thuillieri (Dostál) J.Duvign. & Lambinon; Nouv. Fl. Belg., Grand-Duché Luxemb., Nord France, 2. éd. 829 (1978)

Name: Dunkelschuppige Wiesen-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen-Anhalt); N-Spain; France; Corsica; Italy

11 BGM GER LUX NET 12 COR FRA SPA 13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Jacea. Often treated as subspecies of C. jacea but recently quite often separated as species.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea debeauxii subsp. grandiflora (Gaudin) Devesa & Arnelas; Fl. Iber. [Castroviejo et al.] 16: 460 (2014)

= Centaurea debeauxii subsp. pratensis (Thuill. ex DC.) Smythies; Englera 3(1): 137 (1984)

= Centaurea debeauxii subsp. thuillieri Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 207 (1976)

= Centaurea debeauxii var. pumila P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 4: 531 (2006)

= Centaurea debeauxii var. thuillieri (Dostál) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 4: 531 (2006)

= Centaurea jacea f. latifolia Fuckel; Nassaus Flora [Fuckel] 183 (1856)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. berheri Berher; Fl. Vosges [Louis], éd. 2: 140 (1887)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. grandiflora (Gaudin) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg, 1. Aufl.: 547 (1834)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. pratensis (Thuill.) Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2(2) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2): 250 (1871)

= Centaurea jacea var. commutata W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 2: 469 (1844)

= Centaurea jacea var. grandiflora Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 405 (1829)

= Centaurea jacea var. pratensis Thuill. ex DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4(1): 91 (1805)

= Centaurea nigra subsp. pratensis (Boenn.) H.P.Fuchs; Feddes Repert. 90(9-10): 629 (1980)

= Centaurea nigrescens var. pratensis (Gray) Boenn.; Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal. 261 (1824)

= Centaurea pratensis Thuill.; Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2: 444 (1799), non Salisb. 1796

= Phrygia pratensis (Thuill.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 442 (1821)

species :

Centaurea timbalii Martrin-Donos; Pl. Crit. Tarn 38 (1862)

Name: Timbal-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Netherlands [I]; Belgium; Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland); Portugal; Spain; France; Italy [I]

11 BGM GER net 12 FRA POR SPA 13 ita

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Jacea. Often treated as subspecies of C. jacea but recently quite often separated as species.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea amara proles approximata Rouy; Bull. Assoc. Franç. Bot. 1: 84 (1898)

= Centaurea amara subsp. timbalii (Martrin-Donos) Braun-Blanq.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 881 (1924)

= Centaurea jacea proles approximata (Rouy) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 123 (1905)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. timbalii (Martrin-Donos) Braun-Blanq.; Groupem. Vég. France Médit. 138 (1952)

= Centaurea jacea var. approximata (Gren. ex Gren.) Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 201 (1919)

= Centaurea pannonica subsp. approximata (Gren. ex Rouy) G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 118 (2010)

= Centaurea vinyalsii subsp. approximata (Gren. ex Rouy) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 206 (1976)

species :

Centaurea toletana Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 18 (1842)

Distribution: C- & E-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Subsect. Lagascanae

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea acaulis Cav. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 150 (1865)

= Centaurea cavanillesiana Graells; Mém. Real Acad. Ci. Exact. Madrid 2: 464 (1859)

= Centaurea macrorrhiza var. toletana (Boiss. & Reut.) Willk.; Linnaea 25: 38 (1852)

= Centaurea toletana var. cavanillesiana (Graells) Amo; Fl. Fan. Peníns. Ibérica 4: 336 (1872)

= Colymbada toletana (Boiss. & Reut.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 228 (1974)

species :

Centaurea tomentella Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 27: 450, t. 17 (1913)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea tommasinii A.Kern.; Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. [Kerner] 1: 86 (1881)

Distribution: NE-Italy; Croatia

13 CRO ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, spinosociliata agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta tommasinii (A.Kern.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

= Centaurea spinosociliata subsp. tommasinii (A.Kern.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 198 (1976)

species :

Centaurea tomorosii Micevski; Acta Bot. Croat. 44: 84 (1985)

Distribution: North Macedonia (Galicica Planina); N-Greece (near border)

13 GRC NMA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Maculosae, triniifolia agg.

species :

Centaurea torreana Ten.; Index Sem. (Naples, Neapolitano) 1829: 15 (1830)

Distribution: SE-Italy (Mte, Gargano)

13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Calcitrapa, Status uncertain

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea calcitrapa subsp. torreana (Ten.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 431 (1879)

species :

Centaurea tossiensis Freyn & Sint.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 44: 258 (1894)

Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta tossiensis (Freyn & Sint.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 143 (1973)

species :

Centaurea tougourensis Boiss. & Reut.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 76 (1856)

Distribution: S-Algeria (Jbel Aurès)

20 ALG

species :

Centaurea trachonitica Post; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 24: 434 (1888)

Distribution: Syria (Jbel Druze)

34 SYR

species :

Centaurea transcaucasica Sosn. ex Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim] 4: 212 (1934)

subspecies :

subsp. transcaucasica

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea shemakhensis Sosn.; Zametki Syst. Geogr. Rast. 21: 56 (1959)

= Centaurea transcaucasica Sosn.; Zametki Syst. Geogr. Rast. 21: 56 (1959)

subspecies :

subsp. alexandri (Bordz.) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(3): 121 (2000)

Distribution: Armenia

33 ARM

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alexandri Bordz.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 306 (1934)

subspecies :

subsp. georgica (Klokov) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(3): 121 (2000)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea georgica Klokov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 28: 557, 619 (1963)

species :

Centaurea treskana Micevski; Prilozi Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki, Makedonska Akad. Nauk Umet. 8(1-2): 47 (1987 publ. 1990)

Distribution: North Macedonia

13 NMA

species :

Centaurea triamularia Aldén; Bot. Not. 129(3): 303 (1976)

Distribution: NC-Greece (mountains, very rare)

13 GRC

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea pterocephala DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 597 (1838)

species :

Centaurea trichocephala M.Bieb. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2286 (1803)

Name: Haarköpfige Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Poland [I]; France [I]; Romania; S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.)

11 ger pol 12 fra 13 ROM 14 MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 NCS 34 IRN

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Lepteranthus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea austriaca C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer. [C.A. von Meyer] 64 (1831), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea hyssopifolia Georgi; Beschr. Nation. Russ. Reich 3(4): 1263 (1779)

= Centaurea pectinata Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 632 (1875)

= Jacea trichocephala (M.Bieb.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 133 (1972)

species :

Centaurea triniifolia Heuff.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 8: 27 (1858)

subspecies :

subsp. triniifolia

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania

13 KOS NMA ROM SRB

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Maculosae, triniifolia agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta triniifolia (Heuff.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 134 (1972)

= Centaurea myriostoma Vis. & Pančić; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 12: 470 (1864)

subspecies :

subsp. campylacme (Bornm.) Wagenitz; Phytotaxa 348(2): 85 (2018)

Distribution: North Macedonia (Galicica Planina); Albania (Prespa); N-Greece (close to broder)

13 ALB GRC NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea campylacme Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 38(2): 459 (1921)

species :

Centaurea triumfettii All.; Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Hort. Regii Taur. 16 (1773)

subspecies :

subsp. triumfettii

Name: Filz-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: Switzerland; France; Italy

11 SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea aichingeriana Welw. ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 848 (1831)

= Centaurea cyanoides DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 578 (1838)

= Centaurea montana subsp. angustifolia P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 1022 (1940)

= Centaurea ochrolepis Vuk.; Rad Jugoslav. Akad. Znan. 58: 149 (1881)

= Centaurea pyrenaica Biehler; Pl. Nov. Herb. Spreng. 39 (1807)

= Cyanus triumfettii (All.) Dostál ex Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 44 (1961)

subspecies :

subsp. adscendens (Bartl.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 209 (1976)

Distribution: Austria; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria

11 AUT 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea adscendens (Bartl.) Prodan; Centaur. Român. 65 (1930)

= Centaurea floccosa Schloss. & Vuk.; Rad Jugoslav. Akad. Znan. 58: 149 (1881), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea montana var. adscendens Bartl.; Beitr. Bot. [Bartling & Wendland] 2: 121 (1825)

= Centaurea montana var. intermedia Rouy ex M.B.Martin; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 35: 443 (1888)

= Centaurea triumfettii var. adscendens (Bartl.) Hayek; Fl. Steiermark 2: 637 (1913)

= Cyanus adscendens (Bartl.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 131 (1972)

= Cyanus triumfettii subsp. adscendens (Bartl.) Wagenitz; Exkursionsfl. Istrien 16 (2014)

subspecies :

subsp. angelescui (Grinţ.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 209 (1976)

Distribution: SE-Romania; Moldova

13 ROM 14 MLD

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea angelescui (Grinţ.) Czerep.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 28: 406 (1963)

= Centaurea stricta subsp. angelescui (Grinţ.) Prodan

= Centaurea stricta var. angelescui (Grinţ.) Borza

= Cyanus angelescui (Grinţ.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 307 (1977)

subspecies :

subsp. axillaris (Willd. ex Čelak.) Stef. & T.Georgiev; Spis. Bulg. Akad. Nauk 44: 160 (1931)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I]); Switzerland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; France; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (widespread in mainland mountains, Thasos, Evvoia); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (Jbel Druze)

11 CZE GER SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SRB 34 IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea axillaris f. humilis Woerl.; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 3: 161 (1885)

= Centaurea axillaris f. integrifolia Woerl.; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 3: 161 (1885)

= Centaurea axillaris f. laciniata Woerl.; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 3: 161 (1885)

= Centaurea axillaris Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2290 (1803), nom. cons. prop.

= Centaurea cana Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 2: 198 (1813)

= Centaurea ledebourii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 320 (1841)

= Centaurea montana proles axillaris (Willd.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 143 (1905)

= Centaurea montana subsp. axillaris (Willd.) Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2(2) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2): 252 (1871)

= Centaurea montana var. axillaris (Willd.) C.F.W.Jess.; (1879)

= Centaurea ochrolepis Schloss. & Vuk.; Rad Jugoslav. Akad. Znan. 58: 149 (1881), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea serebrowskyi Sosn.; Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, n. s. 2: 92 (1924-1925 publ. 1926)

= Centaurea triumfettii subf. albiflora Rothe ex Dostál; Preslia 10: 74 (1931)

= Centaurea triumfettii subf. gracillima (Beck) Dostál; Preslia 10: 74 (1931)

= Centaurea triumfettii subf. intermedia (Cariot) Dostál; Preslia 10: 74 (1931)

= Centaurea triumfettii subf. ochrolepis Schloss. & Vuk. ex Dostál; Preslia 10: 74 (1931)

= Centaurea triumfettii f. glabrescens (Gugler) Dostál; Preslia 10: 74 (1931)

= Centaurea triumfettii f. lobata (Briq.) Dostál; Preslia 10: 74 (1931)

= Centaurea triumfettii subsp. aligera (Gugler) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 208 (1976), nom. superfl.

= Centaurea triumfettii subsp. cana (Sm.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 209 (1976)

= Centaurea triumfettii var. candicans (Briq.) Dostál; Preslia 10: 74 (1931)

= Centaurea variegata subsp. cana (Sm.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 423 (1879)

= Centaurea variegata var. aligera Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 111 (1907)

= Centaurea variegata var. axillaris (Willd.) Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 73 (1931), nom. superfl.

= Cyanus axillaris (Willd.) J.Presl & C.Presl; Fl. Čech. 179 (1819), nom. illeg.

= Cyanus canus (Sm.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

= Cyanus triumfettii subsp. axillaris (Willd. ex Čelak.) Greuter; Willdenowia 35(2): 229 (2005)

subspecies :

subsp. semidecurrens (Jord.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71(3): 209 (1975 publ. 1976)

Distribution: NE-Spain; France

12 FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea axillaris f. occitanica Rouy ex M.B.Martin; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 35: 442 (1888)

= Centaurea axillaris var. occitanica (Rouy ex M.B.Martin) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 143 (1905)

= Centaurea montana Costa; Introd. Fl. Cataluña 139 (1864), nom. illeg.

= Centaurea montana f. semidecurrens (Jord.) López Fern.; Pirineos 105: 30 (1972)

= Centaurea montana subsp. semidecurrens (Jord.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17(1): 92 (1987 publ. 1988)

= Centaurea montana var. axillarioides Loret; Rev. Sci. Nat. 3: 566 (1865)

= Centaurea montana var. catalaunica Pau ex Cadevall; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 2: 122 (1902)

= Centaurea montana var. incana Neilr.; Fl. Wien 257 (1846)

= Centaurea semidecurrens Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 5: 52 (1847)

= Centaurea triumfettii var. semidecurrens (Jord.) Muñoz Rodr. & Devesa; Acta Bot. Malac. 11: 36 (2012)

= Cyanus semidecurrens (Jord.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 145 (1973)

species :

Centaurea tuberosa Vis.; Fl. Slovenia (Dalmatia) 2: 33, t. 12, f. 2 (1847)

Distribution: S-Croatia; S-Bosnia & Hercegovina

13 BIH CRO

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea napulifera subsp. tuberosa (Vis.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 209 (1976)

= Cyanus tuberosus (Vis.) Bancheva & Raimondo; Bocconea 16(2): 520 (2003)

= Cyanus tuberosus (Vis.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

species :

Centaurea tuntasia Heldr. ex Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 646 (1898)

Distribution: C-Greece (Attiki)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Sect. Acrocentron

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada tuntasia (Heldr. ex Halácsy) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 228 (1974)

species :

Centaurea turkestanica Franch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 6, 16: 325 (1883)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan (Tianshan); Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Orozgan / Daykundi)

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG

species :

Centaurea turhanii Uysal & Hamzaoğlu; Turk. J. Bot. 48(1): 59 (2024)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea tuzgoluensis Aytaç & H.Duman; Belg. J. Bot. 139: 256 (2007)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea tymphaea Hausskn.; Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2(1): 186 (1889), et in Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 7: 44 (1895)

Distribution: Albania; North Macedonia; Greece (N- & NC-Greece, Thasos, Athos)

13 ALB GRC NMA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Cylindracea

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta lactiflora (Halácsy) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 303 (1977)

= Acosta tymphaea (Hausskn.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

= Centaurea brevispina Hausskn.; Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2(1): 187 (1889), et in Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 7: 46 (1895) (fide Strid 2024)

= Centaurea lactiflora Halácsy; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 601 (1898) (fide Strid 2024)

= Centaurea tymphaea subsp. brevispina (Hausskn.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 203 (1976)

species :

Centaurea ugamica Iljin; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 27: 143 (1942)

Distribution: Uzbekistan

32 UZB

species :

Centaurea ulrichiorum Wagenitz, F.H.Hellw. & Parolly; Willdenowia 36(1): 424 (2006)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea ultreiae Silva Pando; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 44(2): 422 (1987)

Distribution: NW-Spain (La Coruna)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Subsect. Lagascanae

variant :

var. bazarensis Blanco-Dios; Acta Bot. Malac. 27: 244 (2002)

Distribution: NW-Spain (La Coruna)

12 SPA

species :

Centaurea uniflora Turra; Farsetia 12 (1765)

Name: Einköpfige Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: SE-France; NW-Italy

12 FRA 13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Jacea, Sect. Lepteranthus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea uniflora var. tineana Briq.; Monogr. Centaurées Alpes Marit. 100 (1902)

= Jacea uniflora (Turra) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140: 133 (1972)

species :

Centaurea urgellensis Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 75: 447 (1928)

Distribution: SW-France (E-Pyrénées)

12 FRA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Paniculatae

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta urgellensis (Sennen) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 (1974)

species :

Centaurea urvillei DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 592 (1838)

subspecies :

subsp. urvillei

Name: d´Urvilles Flockenblume (DE); d´Urvilles Star-thistle (EN)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Kos, Kalimnos, Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)

34 EAI IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea chiosicola Beauverd & Topali; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Sér. 2, 26: 156 (1936)

= Centaurea cyrtolepis Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 709 (1845)

= Centaurea doryphora Fenzl; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 665 (1875)

= Centaurea myconia Boiss. & Sart.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 113 (1859)

= Centaurea raphanina d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 372 (1822)

= Centaurea smyrneae Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 20 (1844), in textu

= Centaurea subacaulis Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 709 (1845)

= Colymbada cyrtolepis (Ledeb.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7: 315 (1972)

= Colymbada urvillei (DC.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

subspecies :

subsp. armata Wagenitz; Willdenowia 6(3): 491 (1972)

Name: Bewehrte Flockenblume (DE); Armed Star-thistle (EN)

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos); Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 EAI TUR

subspecies :

subsp. deinacantha (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Wagenitz; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139B: 388 (1980)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea deinacantha Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 665 (1875)

= Centaurea urvillei var. longicaulis Parsa; Kew Bull. [2]: 201 (1948)

subspecies :

subsp. hayekiana Wagenitz; Willdenowia 6(3): 492 (1972)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

subspecies :

subsp. nimrodis (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Wagenitz; Willdenowia 6(3): 494 (1972)

Distribution: Turkey; Iraq; Iran

34 IRN IRQ TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea nimrodis Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 664 (1875)

= Colymbada nimrodis (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Holub; Preslia 45(2): 144 (1973)

subspecies :

subsp. stepposa Wagenitz; Willdenowia 6: 489 (1972)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea ustulata DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 576 (1838)

Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea uysalii Şirin & Çeçen; Turk. J. Bot. 43(6): 810 (2019)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus uysalii (Şirin & Çeçen) Negaresh; Phytotaxa 440(3): 245 (2020)

species :

Centaurea valdemonensis Domina, Di Grist. & Barone; Biodivers. Data J. 10(e91505): 8 (2022)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

species :

Centaurea valesiaca (DC.) Jord.; Mém. Acad. Natl. Sci. Lyon, Cl. Sci. 1 (Pug. Pl. Nov. Gall.): 111 (1852)

Name: Walliser Flockenblume

Distribution: Switzerland; SE-France; NW-Italy (SW-Alps)

11 SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta vallesiaca (DC.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 (1974)

= Centaurea maculosa subsp. valesiaca (DC.) H.P.Fuchs; Feddes Repert. 90(9-10): 636 (1979 publ. 1980)

= Centaurea paniculata subsp. valesiaca (DC.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 426 (1879)

= Centaurea paniculata var. valesiaca DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 584 (1838)

species :

Centaurea vandasii Velen.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 45: 72 (1895)

Distribution: North Macedonia; S-Bulgaria (Rodopi); NE-Greece (Mt. Beles)

13 BUL GRC NMA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, sect. Phalolepis, alba agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea alba subsp. vandasii (Velen.) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 205 (1976)

species :

Centaurea vanensis Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 223 (1974)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)

34 IRN TUR

species :

Centaurea vankovii Klokov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 28: 618 (1963)

Distribution: Ukraine; Crimea

14 KRY UKR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea sterilis subsp. vankovii (Klokov) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 204 (1976)

species :

Centaurea varnensis Velen.; Fl. Bulg. [Velenovský] 313 (1891)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; France [I]; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine

11 aut ger pol 12 fra 13 BUL ROM 14 UKR

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Pannophyllum

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta varnensis (Velen.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 (1974)

species :

Centaurea vatevii Degen, Urumov & H.Wagner; Magyar Bot. Lapok 14: 76 (1915)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea pallidior subsp. vatevii (Degen, Urumov & H.Wagner) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 197 (1976)

species :

Centaurea vavilovii Takht. & Gabrieljan; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 72(12): 1657 (1987)

Distribution: Armenia

33 ARM

species :

Centaurea velenovskyi Adamović; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 43: 172 (1893)

Distribution: Serbia (Stara Planina)

13 SRB

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea napulifera subsp. velenovskyi (Adamović) Wagenitz & E.Gamal-Eldin; Mountain Fl. Greece [Strid] 2: 523 (1991)

= Cyanus velenovskyi (Adamović) Wagenitz & E.Gamal-Eldin; Mountain Fl. Greece [Strid] 2: 523 (1991)

species :

Centaurea veneris (Sommier) Bég.; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 7: 90 (1931)

Distribution: NW-Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Pannophyllum

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta veneris (Sommier) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 304 (1977)

= Centaurea cineraria subsp. veneris (Sommier) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 196 (1976)

= Centaurea cineraria var. veneris Sommier; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 1: 88 (1894)

species :

Centaurea vermia Rech.f.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 69: 526 (1939)

Distribution: N-Greece (Mt. Vermion)

13 GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Status uncertain, known only from two collections, doubtfully distinct from C. affinis.

species :

Centaurea vermiculigera Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 3: 321, t. 27 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea verutum L.; Cent. Pl. I: 30 (1755)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel)

11 ger 34 ISR LEB

Synonyms: hidden

= Calcitrapa verutum (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 563 (1794)

= Crocodilium verutum (L.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 217 (1826)

= Verutina heterophylla Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 58: 9 (1829), nom. superfl.

species :

Centaurea vesceritensis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 76 (1856)

Distribution: Algeria; ?Tunisia

20 ALG

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea affinis var. vesceritensis Quézel & Santa

= Centaurea olivieri Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 282 (1874)

species :

Centaurea vichrenensis (Skokanová) Raus & Strid; Phytol. Balcan. 26(3): 505 (2020)

Distribution: Bulgaria (Pirin Mts.)

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus vichrenensis Skokanová; Pl. Syst. Evol. 305(8): 590 (2019)

species :

Centaurea virescens (Guss.) Domina & Raimondo; Phytotaxa 527(4): 244 (2021)

Distribution: Sicily

13 SIC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Dissectae

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea parlatoris subsp. virescens (Guss.) Raimondo & Bancheva; Fl. Medit. 19: 305 (2009)

= Centaurea parlatoris var. virescens Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2(1): 510 (1844)

species :

Centaurea virgata Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 670 (1785)

subspecies :

subsp. virgata

Distribution: Turkey (Central Anatolia, E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria); Saudi Arabia (Asir)

34 LEB SYR TUR 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta virgata (Lam.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7(3): 314 (1972)

= Centaurea leptocephala Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 110 (1849)

subspecies :

subsp. squarrosa (Willd.) Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 248 (1907)

Distribution: France [I]; North Macedonia [I]; Siberia (Krasnoyarsk [I], W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghorat, Herat, Kabul, Logar, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi, Parwan, Takhar, Zabul); China (Xinjiang); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram); USA [I] (California [I], Colorado [I], Michigan [I], Nevada [I], Oregon [I], Utah [I], Wyoming [I])

12 fra 13 nma 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE NCS 34 AFG IRN IRQ 36 CHI 40 PAK 73 usa 75 usa 76 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta squarrosa (Willd.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140 (3-4): 134 (1972)

= Acrolophus squarrosus (Willd.) Nevski; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 291 (1937)

= Centaurea parviflora Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 14: 450 (1841)

= Centaurea pseudosquarrosa Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 85(3): 119 (2000), nom. nov.

= Centaurea squarrosa var. auriculata Dumbadze; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 5(2): 50 (1946)

= Centaurea squarrosa var. brevispina Dumbadze; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 5(2): 50 (1946)

= Centaurea squarrosa var. colensis K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 434 (1851)

= Centaurea squarrosa var. paleacea Dumbadze; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 5(2): 50 (1946)

= Centaurea squarrosa var. pilosiuscula Dumbadze; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 5(2): 50 (1946)

= Centaurea squarrosa var. rubella Sch.Bip.; Pl. Alepp. Kurd. Moss. Exsicc. [Hohenacker] 303 (1843)

= Centaurea squarrosa Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 111, 2319 (1804)

= Centaurea virgata var. squarrosa (Willd.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 651 (1875), not Roth (1800)

species :

Centaurea visianii Radić; Acta Biokovica 1: 129 (1981)

Distribution: Croatia

13 CRO

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Pannophyllum, cuspidata agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea cuspidata subsp. visianii (Radić) Radić; Zborn. Rob. Visianija Šibenc. 416 (1983)

= Centaurea visianiana Plazibat; Nat. Croat. 9(Suppl. 1): 81 (2000), nom. nov. superfl.

species :

Centaurea vlachorum Hartvig; Nordic J. Bot. 1(6): 705 (1981 publ. 1982)

Distribution: Albania; NW-Greece

13 ALB GRC

species :

Centaurea vorasana (Skokanová) Raus & Strid; Phytol. Balcan. 26(3): 505 (2020)

Distribution: North Macedonia; NW-Greece (mountains)

13 GRC NMA

Synonyms: hidden

= Cyanus vorasanus Skokanová; Pl. Syst. Evol. 305(8): 587 (2019)

species :

Centaurea wagenitzii Hub.-Mor.; Bauhinia 3: 315, t. 17 (1967)

Distribution: Turkey (SW-Anatolia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea wallichiana Less.; Linnaea 6: 84 (1831)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Amberboa wallichiana (Less.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 558 (1838)

species :

Centaurea wendelboi Wagenitz; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 139b: 370, t. 422 (1980)

Distribution: Iran (S-Iran); United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman)

34 IRN 35 OMA UAE

species :

Centaurea werneri Wagenitz, F.H.Hellw. & Parolly; Willdenowia 36(1): 429 (2006)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea wettsteinii Degen & Dörfl.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 64: 726 (1897)

Distribution: North Macedonia; N-Greece (close to border, incl. Mt. Tzena)

13 GRC NMA

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Centaurea, Ser. Pannophyllum

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta wettsteinii (Degen & Dörfl.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 (1974)

species :

Centaurea wiedemanniana Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. [St. Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 2: 32 (1835)

Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea wolgensis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 581 (1838)

Distribution: S-European Russia; Kazakhstan

14 RUS 32 KAZ

Synonyms: hidden

= Phaeopappus wolgensis (DC.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 602 (1875)

species :

Centaurea woronowii Bornm.; Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, n. s. 2: 90 (1926)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (NE-Anatolia)

33 GEO 34 TUR

Remarks: subgen. Cyanus

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea triumfettii var. pleiocephala Bornm.; Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 32: 6 (1914)

= Cyanus woronowii (Bornm. ex Sosn.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 132 (1972)

species :

Centaurea xaveri N.Garcia Jacas & Susanna; Willdenowia 23(1-2): 97 (1993)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

species :

Centaurea xylobasis Rech.f.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43: 145 (1938), et Phyton (Horn) 1: 217 (1949), descr. ampl.

Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Samos)

34 EAI

species :

Centaurea yaltirikii N.Aksoy, H.Duman & Efe; Nordic J. Bot. 26(1-2): 53 (2008)

subspecies :

subsp. yaltirikii

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

subspecies :

subsp. dumanii N.Aksoy & Efe; J. Food Agric. Environm. 8(3-4): 1213 (2010)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea yemensis Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 457, f. 1 (1984)

Distribution: Yemen (W-Yemen)

35 YEM

species :

Centaurea yozgatensis Wagenitz; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 98B(Suppl.): 176 (1996)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea zaferii Negaresh; Candollea 72(2): 320 (2017)

Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea foliosa Boiss. & Kotschy; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 672 (1875)

species :

Centaurea zagrosmontana Ranjbar & Heydari; Phytotaxa 277(2): 189 (2016)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

species :

Centaurea zangulensis Ranjbar & Negaresh; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 50(4): 242 (2013)

Distribution: Iran

34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea elegantissima var. albiflora Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 51: 289 (1942)

species :

Centaurea zarrei Negaresh; Phytotaxa 363(1): 114 (2018)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea zeybekii Wagenitz; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 218 (1974)

Distribution: Turkey (W-Anatolia)

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta zeybekii (Wagenitz) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11(1): 80 (1976)

species :

Centaurea ziganensis Yüzb., M.Bona & İ.Genç; PhytoKeys 53: 29 (2015)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

species :

Centaurea zlatarskyana Urum. & J.Wagner; Magyar Bot. Lapok 6: 166 (1907)

Distribution: Bulgaria

13 BUL

Synonyms: hidden

= Jacea zlatarskyana (Urum. & J.Wagner) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 229 (1974)

species :

Centaurea zlatiborensis Zlatković, Novaković & Janaćković; Nordic J. Bot. 36(6)-e01893: 2 (2018)

Distribution: Serbia (Zlatibor Mt.)

13 SRB

Remarks: sect. Acrocentron

species :

Centaurea zuccariniana DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 574 (1838)

Distribution: S-Albania; Greece (NW-Greece, C-Greece, N-Peloponnisos)

13 ALB GRC

Remarks: Subgen. Centaurea, Sect. Pseudoplumosae

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta zuccariniana (DC.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 227 (1974)

species :

Centaurea ×aellenii Arènes; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 18: 179 (1946)

Distribution: Spain; France; etc.

12 FRA SPA

Remarks: C. calcitrapa x sostitialis

species :

Centaurea ×andresiana Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 1: 1 (1982)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea argecillensis x Centaurea cephalariifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×ceballosii nothosubsp. andresiana (Fern.Casas & Susanna) A.Segura, Mateo & J.Benito, Cat.Fl.Soria 111 (1998)

= Centaurea ×ceballosii nothovar. andresiana (Fern.Casas & Susanna) Fern.Casas & Susanna in Fontqueria 7: 1 (1985)

= Colymbada ×andresiana (Fern.Casas & Susanna) Fern.Casas & Susanna in Fontqueria 2: 20 (1982)

species :

Centaurea ×austriacoides Woł.; Spraw. Komis. Fizjogr. 27: 206 (1892)

Distribution: Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE

Remarks: Centaurea jacea x phrygia

species :

Centaurea ×basilei Sennen; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 11: 198 (1912)

Distribution: Spain; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera)

12 BAL SPA

Remarks: Centaurea cephalariifolia x Centaurea collina

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea collina subsp. serratulifolia (Sennen & Pau ex Hayek) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 123 (1913)

= Centaurea ×collina nothosubsp. serratulifolia Hayek; Exsicc. (Centaur. Crit.) 1: no. 13 (1913), in sched., pro subsp.

= Centaurea ×serratulifolia (Hayek) Sennen; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 15: 231 (1916), pro sp.

= Centaurea ×sylvatica nothof. microcephala Sennen; Pl. Espagne [Exsicc.] 1914, no. 1985 (1914-1915), in sched.

= Centaurea ×sylvatica nothovar. catalaunica Sennen; Pl. Espagne [Exsicc.] 1924, no. 5077 (1924-1925), in sched., nom. nud.

= Centaurea ×sylvatica nothovar. inermis Sennen; Pl. Espagne [Exsicc.] 1924, no. 5077 (1924-1925), in sched.

= Centaurea ×sylvatica nothovar. valdespina Sennen; Anuari Junta Ci. Nat. Barcelona 2: 649 (1917)

= Colymbada serratulifolia (Sennen & Pau) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(3): 304 (1977)

species :

Centaurea ×beckiana Müllner; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 38: 27 (1888)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern); Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE GER

Remarks: Centaurea pannonica x stoebe

Synonyms: hidden

= xJaceacosta ×beckiana (Müllner) Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 83: 655 (1973)

species :

Centaurea ×bigerrensis Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 27: 132 (1928)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea alba ssp. alba x langei ssp. kheilii

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea paniculata var. septentrionalis Arènes

= Centaurea schousboei subsp. septentrionalis (Arènes) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 198 (1976)

= Centaurea ×paniculata nothovar. septentrionalis Arènes; Agron. Lusit. 11: 24 (1949), pro var.

= Centaurea ×petri-montserratii A.Segura; Monogr. Inst. Piren. Ecol. 4: 356 (1988)

= Centaurea ×schousboei nothosubsp. septentrionalis (Arènes) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 198 (1976), pro subsp.

species :

Centaurea ×bilbilitana Pau; Actas Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 137 (1894)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea alba ssp. aristifera x Centaurea pinnata

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×bilbilitana nothof. paredensis G.López; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 37: 98 (1980)

= Centaurea ×paredensis (G.López) Mateo & Arán; Fl. Montiber. 16: 11 (2000)

species :

Centaurea ×broteroana Font Quer; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 19: 261 (1944)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea calcitrapa x Centaurea costae (var. maluqueri)

species :

Centaurea ×castellano-manchensis Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Fl. Montiber. 41: 29 (2009)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea castellanoides ssp. talaverae x Centaurea melitensis

species :

Centaurea ×cavarae Guadagno ex Del Guacchio, Cennamo & P.Caputo; Turk. J. Bot. 44(4): 450 (2020)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

Remarks: Centaurea deusta x montaltensis

species :

Centaurea ×ceballosii Fern.Casas; Exsicc. Nobis Distrib. 4: 17 (1981)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea cephalariifolia x Centaurea toletana

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada ×ceballosii (Fern.Casas) Fern.Casas & Susanna in Fontqueria 2: 20 (1982)

= xColycea valdesii-bermejoi (Fern.Casas & Susanna) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 21 (1982), without basionym

species :

Centaurea ×cephalariseptimae Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 9: 16 (1985)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea cephalariifolia x Centaurea legionis-septimae

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×cephalariseptimae nothovar. cremenensis Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 10: 7 (1986)

species :

Centaurea ×dobroczaevae Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 22: 275 (1985)

Distribution: European Russia

14 RUS

Remarks: Centaurea diffusa x pseudomaculosa

species :

Centaurea ×doumerguei Faure & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 27: 238 (1936)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

Remarks: Centaurea involucrata x infestans

Synonyms: hidden

= Carduncellus ×doumerguei (Faure & Maire) Hanelt; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 67: 169 (1963)

species :

Centaurea ×eclipsislunae Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Fl. Montiber. 36: 4 (2007)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea aspera ssp. aspera x Centaurea beltrani

species :

Centaurea ×eliasii Sennen & Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 13: 43 (1914)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea alba ssp. alba (var. latronum) x Centaurea calcitrapa

species :

Centaurea ×esguevana Fern.Alonso & Fern.Casas; Fontqueria 36: 451 (1993)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea jacea ssp. angustifolia x Centaurea langei ssp. langei

species :

Centaurea ×extranea Beck ex Gugler; Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 6: 217 (1907)

Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Sachsen, Thüringen)

11 GER

Remarks: Centaurea jacea x nigrescens

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea extranea subsp. lengyelii (J.Wagner) Niketić; Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Belgrade 15: 28 (2022)

= Centaurea lengyelii J.Wagner; Math. Term. Közlem. 30(6): 132 (1910)

= Centaurea extranea subsp. orodensis (J.Wagner) Niketić; Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Belgrade 15: 29 (2022)

= Centaurea orodensis J.Wagner; Math. Term. Közlem. 30(6): 135 (1910)

species :

Centaurea ×fleischeri Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 717 (1901)

Distribution: Germany (Sachsen); Czech Republic; Hungary; etc.

11 CZE GER HUN

Remarks: Centaurea jacea x oxylepis

species :

Centaurea ×forsythiana Levier ex Filigh., Farris, Pisanu & Urbani; Phytotaxa 166(4): 297 (2014)

Distribution: Italy

13 ITA

species :

Centaurea ×frayana H.Boissieu ex Gáyer; Magyar Bot. Lapok 8: 60 (1909)

Distribution: France; etc.

12 FRA

Remarks: Centaurea diffusa x maculosa

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×barbeyana Vetter; Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, Sér. 2, 5: 11 (1888 publ. 1889)

species :

Centaurea ×genesii-lopezii Fern.Casas & Susanna; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 39: 62 (1982)

Distribution: S-Spain (Sa. Tejeda)

12 SPA

Remarks: Subgen. Lopholoma, Subsect. Lagascanae

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea haenseleri subsp. epapposa G.Lopez Gonzalez; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 36: 287 (1979 publ. 1980)

= xColymbacosta genesii-lopezii (Fern.Casas & Susanna) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 21 (1982), without basionym page

species :

Centaurea ×gerstlaueri Erdner; Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 1: 425 (1905)

Distribution: Germany (Berlin, Bayern, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen)

11 GER

Remarks: Centaurea jacea x nigra ssp. nemoralis

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×jacea nothof. dumeticola Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1925: no. 5339 (1926)

= Centaurea ×moncktonii C.E.Britton; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 6: 172 (1921)

species :

Centaurea ×grabowskiana J.Wagner; Magyar Bot. Lapok 15: 233 (1916 publ. 1917)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg); etc.

11 GER

Remarks: Centaurea scabiosa x stoebe

Synonyms: hidden

= xColymbacosta grabowskiana (J.Wagner) Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 85: 653 (1974)

= Centaurea ×grabowskiana Asch.; (83) (1890), nom. inval.

species :

Centaurea ×grafiana DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 587 (1838)

Distribution: Europe

Error

Remarks: Centaurea rupestris x scabiosa

species :

Centaurea ×grosii Font Quer; Cavanillesia 1: 40 (1928)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×gros-miquelii Font Quer; Cavanillesia 7: 82 (1935)

species :

Centaurea ×halacsyi Dörfl.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 51: 204 (1901)

Distribution: Greece (Amorgos)

13 GRC

Remarks: Centaurea raphanina x C. atropurpurea; fide Strid (2024)

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×nigrotriangulata Rech.f.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 33: 14 (1934)

species :

Centaurea ×hervieri Degen; Magyar Bot. Lapok 5: 7 (1906)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea aspera s. l. x Centaurea pullata

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×hurtadoi Blanca; Lazaroa 6: 169 (1985)

species :

Centaurea ×jaceiformis Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 138 (1905)

Distribution: France

12 FRA

Remarks: Centaurea calcitrapa x jacea

species :

Centaurea ×juvenalis Delile ex Godr.; Fl. Juvenalis 25 (1853)

Distribution: France; etc.

12 FRA

Remarks: Centaurea diffusa x jacea

Synonyms: hidden

= xJaceacosta juvenalis (Delile ex Godr.) Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 83: 655 (1973)

species :

Centaurea ×kleinii C.T.Roché & Susanna; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 29: 20 (2010)

Distribution: USA [I] (Oregon [I])

73 usa

Remarks: Centaurea jacea x nigra x solstitialis

species :

Centaurea ×kupcsokiana J.Wagner; Math. Term. Közlem. 30: 141 (1910)

Distribution: Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE

Remarks: Centaurea oxylepis x stoebe

species :

Centaurea ×livonica Weinm.; Cat. Hort. Dorpat. 1810: 38 (1810)

Distribution: Europe; Siberia (W-Siberia)

30 SIB

Remarks: Centaurea jacea x phrygia

Synonyms: hidden

= Jacea ×livonica (Weinm.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140: 132 (1972)

species :

Centaurea ×losana Pau; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 24: 104 (1925)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea cephalariifolia x Centaurea lagascana

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea losana var. eliasii Patino, Urrutia & J.Valencia; Fl. Montiber. 88: 83 (2024)

= Centaurea ×andresii López Pach.; Dos Nuevas Espec. Fl. Leonesa 5 (1979), pro sp.

= Centaurea ×andresii nothovar. sanemilianensis Patino, Urrutia & J.Valencia; Fl. Montiber. 88: 87 (2024)

= Centaurea ×andresii nothovar. ubinianensis Patino, Urrutia & J.Valencia; Fl. Montiber. 88: 87 (2024)

= Colymbada ×losana (Pau) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 20 (1982)

species :

Centaurea ×loscosii Willk.; Ill. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm] 1: (1885?) t. 81, et Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 92 (1893)

Distribution: NE-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea cephalariifolia x Centaurea podospermifolia

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×caulescens Pau; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 22: 117 (1926)

= Centaurea ×loscosii nothosubsp. andresiana (Fern.Casas & Susanna) Patino, Urrutia & J.Valencia; Fl. Montiber. 88: 84 (2024)

= Centaurea ×loscosii var. rafelii Patino, Urrutia & J.Valencia; Fl. Montiber. 88: 84 (2024)

= Centaurea ×podospermifolia nothof. caulescens Loscos & J.Pardo; Ser. Inconf. Pl. Aragon. 59 (1863)

= Colymbada ×loscosii (Willk.) Holub; Preslia 46: 228 (1974)

species :

Centaurea ×mairei Faure; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 14: 260 (1923)

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×maialis Sennen & Mauricio; Cat. Fl. Rif Orient. 65 (1933)

species :

Centaurea ×maritima Dufour; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 23: 165 (1831) [nothossp.]

subspecies :

subsp. maritima

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea aspera ssp. stenophylla x seridis ssp. jacobi

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea maritima var. virescens Pau; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 1898: 198 (1898)

= Centaurea seridis subsp. maritima (Dufour) Dostál; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 203 (1976)

= Centaurea seridis var. maritima (Dufour) Lange; Index Sem. (Copenhagen) 1855: 22 (1855)

= Centaurea sonchifolia subsp. maritima (Dufour) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 431 (1879)

= Centaurea ×albuferae M.Costa; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 37: 292 (1981)

= Centaurea ×auricularis Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 2: 68 (1903)

= Centaurea ×semidecurrens Pau; Actas II Congr. Asoc. Esp. Progr. Ci. 4 (1910), nomen, non Jord.

= Centaurea ×sphaerocephala nothovar. elongata Pau; in sched., nom. nud., pro var.

= Centaurea ×subdecurrens nothosubsp. albuferae (M.J.Costa) M.J.Costa, M.B.Crespo & Mateo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 18: 94 (1990)

= Centaurea ×subdecurrens Pau; Actas Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 1898: 198 (1898)

= Centaurea ×valentina nothosubsp. albuferae (M.J.Costa) Susanna; Fontqueria 18: 51 (1988)

= Centaurea ×valentina Rouy; Ill. Pl. Eur. 14: 112 (1900)

= Centaurea ×valentina subsp. albuferae (M.Costa) Susanna; Fontqueria 18: 51 (1988)

variant :

var. aemiliae (Font Quer) P.P.Ferrer, R.Roselló, E.Laguna, A.Guillén, Gómez Nav. & Per; Nemus 7: 86 (2017) [nothovar.]

Distribution:

Error

Remarks: Centaurea aspera var. subinermis x seridis var. seridis

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×aemiliae Font Quer; Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 1(2): 13 (1924)

= Centaurea ×valentina nothovar. aemiliae (Font Quer) Susanna; Fontqueria 18: 51 (1988)

variant :

var. erectispina R.Roselló, P.P.Ferrer, E.Laguna, A.Guillén, Gómez Nav. & Peris; Nemus 7: 89 (2017) [nothovar.]

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

variant :

var. horizontalis R.Roselló, P.P.Ferrer, E.Laguna, A.Guillén, Gómez Nav. & Peris; Nemus 7: 90 (2017) [nothovar.]

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

variant :

var. nasturtiifolia R.Roselló, P.P.Ferrer, E.Laguna, A.Guillén, Gómez Nav. & Per; Nemus 7: 91 (2017) [nothovar.]

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

subspecies :

subsp. borrianensis R.Roselló, P.P.Ferrer, E.Laguna, A.Guillén, Gómez Nav. & Per; Nemus 7: 86 (2017) [nothossp.]

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea aspera ssp. aspera x seridis ssp. jacobi

subspecies :

subsp. oblanceolata (Merle, Garmendia & Ferriol) P.P.Ferrer, R.Roselló, E.Laguna, A.Guillén, Gómez Nav. & Per; Nemus 7: 85 (2017) [nothossp.]

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea aspera ssp. stenophylla x seridis ssp. cruenta

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×subdecurrens subsp. oblanceolata Merle, Garmendia & Ferriol; Fl. Montiber. 44: 67 (2010)

subspecies :

subsp. segobricensis (Pau) P.P.Ferrer, R.Roselló, E.Laguna, A.Guillén, Gómez Nav. & Per; Nemus 7: 85 (2017) [nothossp.]

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea aspera ssp. aspera x seridis ssp. seridis

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×segobricensis Pau; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 22: 118 (1926)

= Centaurea ×subdecurrens nothosubsp. segobricensis (Pau) Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Fl. Montiber. 41: 30 (2009)

= Centaurea ×subdecurrens var. segobricensis (Pau) M.B.Crespo & Mateo; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 18: 94 (1990)

species :

Centaurea ×masfitensis Benavent, P.P.Ferrer, Ferriol, Garmendia & Merle; Fl. Montiber. 78: 18 (2020)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

species :

Centaurea ×matritensis Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 15: 69 (1916)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea alba ssp. alba x Centaurea aristata

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×soriana A.Segura ex Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Fl. Montiber. 41: 30 (2009)

species :

Centaurea ×mirabilis Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 36: 425 (1890)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea calcitrapa x Centaurea pullata

species :

Centaurea ×mutabilis St.-Amans; Fl. Agen. [St.-Amans] 361 (1821)

Distribution: France; etc.

12 FRA

Remarks: Centaurea solstitialis x thuillieri

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×nouletiana (Rouy & Foucaud) Arènes; Bull. Soc. Franç. Échange Pl. Vasc. 3(1): 34 (1950)

species :

Centaurea ×noguerensis Mateo; Fl. Montiber. 33: 78 (2006)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea calcitrapa x Centaurea cephalariifolia

species :

Centaurea ×nouelii Franch. ex H.J.Coste; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 40: 285 (1894)

Distribution: France; etc.

12 FRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×duffortii (Rouy & Foucaud) Arènes; Bull. Soc. Franç. Échange Pl. Vasc. 3(1): 34 (1950)

= Centaurea ×novelii Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 27(Sess. Extraord.): xxi (1881)

species :

Centaurea ×numantina A.Segura; Monogr. Inst. Piren. Ecol. 4: 353 (1988)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea calcitrapa x Centaurea langei ssp. langei

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×adulterina nothosubsp. numantina (A.Segura) Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Fl. Montiber. 41: 28 (2009)

species :

Centaurea ×olweri Font Quer; Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sèr. Bot. 2: 13 (1924)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea diluta x Centaurea pullata

species :

Centaurea ×paucispina (Ferriol, Merle & Garmendia) P.P.Ferrer, Ferriol, Merle & Garmendia; Fl. Montiber. 71: 36 (2018)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea gentilii x seridis var. auriculata

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×subdecurrens nothosubsp. paucispina Ferriol, Merle & Garmendia; Pl. Biol. (Stuttgart) 17(3): 755 (2015)

species :

Centaurea ×piifontiana Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 6: 5 (1984)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea granatensis x Centaurea mariana

species :

Centaurea ×pinillosii Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Fl. Montiber. 41: 29 (2009)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

species :

Centaurea ×polymorpha Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 32 (1816)

Distribution: NE-Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea cephalariifolia x ornata

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea minor Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 403 (1826)

= Centaurea ×heribaudii Elías & Sennen; in sched., nom. nud.

= Centaurea ×joviniana Sennen & Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 6: 27 (1907)

= Colymbada ×polymorpha (Lag.) Holub; Preslia 46(3): 228 (1974)

species :

Centaurea ×pouzinii DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 91 (1813)

Distribution: Spain; France; etc.

12 FRA SPA

Remarks: Centaurea aspera ssp. aspera x Centaurea calcitrapa

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×albarracinensis Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 169 (1905)

= Centaurea ×aspera nothovar. conica Paláu; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 14: 258 (1957)

= Centaurea ×calcitrapo-aspera Godr. & Gren.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 260 (1850), nom. inval.

= Centaurea ×chaixiana nothovar. confusa (Coste & Sennen) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 168 (1905)

= Centaurea ×chaixiana Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 168 (1905)

= Centaurea ×confusa Coste & Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 41: 578 (1894)

= Centaurea ×confusa nothovar. valdespina Sennen; in sched., nom. nud.

= Centaurea ×dufourei Sennen; in sched., nom. nud.

= Centaurea ×hybrida Chaix; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 1: 366 (1786), nom. illeg., non All., Fl. Pedem. 1: 161 (1785)

= Centaurea ×levantina Font Quer; Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sèr. Bot. 1(2): 13 (1924)

= Centaurea ×pouzini nothovar. vulgaris Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 169 (1905), nom. inval.

species :

Centaurea ×preissmannii Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 714 (1901)

Name: Kammschuppige Wiesen-Flockenblume (DE)

Distribution: ?Germany; Austria; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Slovenia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Romania

11 AUT HUN SLO 13 BIH ITA ROM SLV

Remarks: Centaurea jacea x macroptilon

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea decipiens var. subjacea Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2(2): 1263 (1893)

= Centaurea jacea subvar. preissmannii (Hayek) Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 207 (1919)

= Centaurea jacea subvar. stiriaca (Hayek) Hayek; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68: 206 (1919)

= Centaurea jacea subsp. subjacea (Beck) Hyl.; Uppsala Univ. Årsskr. 1945(7): 322 (1945)

= Centaurea reichenbachii Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 714 (1901)

= Centaurea stiriaca f. strohlii (Hayek) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 6(2): 948 (1928)

= Centaurea stiriaca Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 711 (1901)

= Centaurea strohlii Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 710 (1901)

= Centaurea subjacea (Beck) Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 70: 712 (1901)

= Jacea subjacea (Beck) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140(3-4): 133 (1972)

species :

Centaurea ×psammogena Gáyer; Magyar Bot. Lapok 8: 61 (1909)

Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg [I], Bayern, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); etc.

11 GER

Remarks: Centaurea diffusa x stoebe

Synonyms: hidden

= Acosta ×psammogena (Gáyer) Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 83(9-10): 655 (1973), isonym

= Acosta ×psammogena (Gáyer) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 7: 314 (1972)

= Centaurea ×zimmermanniana Zinsm.; Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 3: 282 (1916)

species :

Centaurea ×pseudolagascana Patino, Urrutia & J.Valencia; Fl. Montiber. 88: 87 (2024)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

species :

Centaurea ×rossiana J.Wagner; Magyar Bot. Lapok 8: 333 (1909)

Distribution: France; etc.

12 FRA

Remarks: Centaurea calcitrapa x deusta

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea chlorosperma Arv.-Touv.; Essai Pl. Dauphiné 39 (1872)

= Acosta ×simonescui (J.Wagner & Prodan) Holub; Preslia 45: 142 (1973)

= Acosta ×simonescui (J.Wagner & Prodan) Rauschert; Feddes Repert. 83: 655 (1972 publ. 1973)

species :

Centaurea ×sanchisiana Gómez Nav., Mansanet-Salvador, P.P.Ferrer, R.Roselló, E.Laguna & Peris; Nemus 6: 75 (2016)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea aspera x bofilliana

variant :

var. malvarosae R.Roselló, P.P.Ferrer, Mansanet-Salvador, Gómez Nav., E.Laguna & Peris; Nemus 6: 76 (2016)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

variant :

var. pectiniformis R.Roselló, P.P.Ferrer, Mansanet-Salvador, Gómez Nav., E.Laguna & Peris; Nemus 6: 77 (2016)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

species :

Centaurea ×sanctae-annae J.Wagner; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 38: 287 (1935)

Distribution: NE-Greece (Athos)

13 GRC

Remarks: Centaurea diffusa x C. huljakii fide Strid (2024)

species :

Centaurea ×sanctae-barbarae Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 61: 264 (1988)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea boissieri ssp. pinae x Centaurea paui

species :

Centaurea ×santamariae Font Quer ex N.Garcia & Susanna; Fontqueria 21: 5 (1988)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea cineraria x Centaurea clementei

species :

Centaurea ×saratoi (Briq.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 151 (1905)

Distribution: France; etc.

12 FRA

Remarks: Centaurea paniculata x pseudocineraria

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea cineraria var. saratoi Briq.; Monogr. Centaurées Alpes Marit. 139 (1902)

species :

Centaurea ×segimonensis Pajarón & Fern.Casas; Fontqueria 48: 223 (1997)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea granatensis x Centaurea ornata

species :

Centaurea ×segurae Patino, Urrutia & J.Valencia; Fl. Montiber. 88: 85 (2024)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

species :

Centaurea ×senneniana Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 162 (1904)

Distribution: France; etc.

12 FRA

Remarks: Centaurea calcitrapa x diffusa

species :

Centaurea ×sennenii Pau ex Sennen; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 18: 476 (1908)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea calcitrapa x Centaurea emporitana

species :

Centaurea ×similata Hausskn.; Mitt. Geogr. Ges. (Thüringen) Jena 3: 229 (1884)

Distribution: Germany; Czech Republic; etc.

11 CZE GER

Remarks: Centaurea jacea x pseudophrygia

species :

Centaurea ×spuria A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 22: 51 (1872)

Distribution: Austria; Czech Republic; etc.

11 AUT CZE

Remarks: Centaurea jacea x stenolepis

species :

Centaurea ×sudrei Sennen & Elías; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 15: 261 (1916)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea calcitrapa x Centaurea jacea ssp. angustifolia

species :

Centaurea ×tatayana Fern.Casas & Susanna; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 38: 53 (1982)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea ornata x Centaurea toletana (var. toletana)

Synonyms: hidden

= Colymbada ×tatayana (Fern.Casas & Susanna) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 20 (1982)

species :

Centaurea ×ternilli Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 61: 265 (1988)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea aspera ssp. stenophylla x Centaurea resupinata ssp. dufourii

species :

Centaurea ×trautmannii J.Wagner; Magyar Bot. Lapok 19: 31 (1920 publ. 1922)

Distribution: Europe

Error

Remarks: Centaurea scabiosa x solstitialis

species :

Centaurea ×uribe-echebarriae Patino, Urrutia & J.Valencia; Fl. Montiber. 88: 86 (2024)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

species :

Centaurea ×vernui Sennen & Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 4: 321 (1905)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea calcitrapa x Centaurea paniculata ssp. paniculata

species :

Centaurea ×victoris Sennen; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 11: 199 (1912)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea collina x Centaurea hanryi

species :

Centaurea ×villaris Sennen; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 32: 101 (1932)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea aristata x Centaurea ornata

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×unamunoi Sennen; in sched., nom. nud.

species :

Centaurea ×zubiae Pau; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 22: 117 (1926)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Centaurea lagascana x ornata

Synonyms: hidden

= Centaurea ×zubiae nothof. somedana Fern.Casas & Susanna; Treb. Inst. Bot. Barcelona 10: 115 (1986)

= Centaurea ×zubiae var. somedana Fern.Casas & Susanna; Treb. Inst. Bot. Barcelona 10: 115 (1986)

= Colymbada ×zubiae (Pau) Fern.Casas & Susanna; Fontqueria 2: 20 (1982)

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.10 (Oct. 12th, 2025)

Covering 357,450 accepted species,
8,806 hybrids, 48,075 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,944 synonyms,
**in total 1,419,285* names**

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

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Search

+ Family

Filter

Order

Family (12)

Genus (1732)

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.10 (Oct. 12th, 2025)

Covering 357,450 accepted species,8,806 hybrids, 48,075 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,944 synonyms,in total 1,419,285* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 357,450 accepted species,
8,806 hybrids, 48,075 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,944 synonyms,
**in total 1,419,285* names**

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]