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406.0000 Family Cactaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 310 (1789), nom. cons.
ca. 140-170 genera (circumscription still very much in flux), ca. 1700-1800 spp. Latest phylogeny: de Vos et al. (2025). There has been excessive splitting, leading to over 3000 species in some collectors view. It should be good practice in the future that each ´new species´ description is confirmed by molecular genetics, not only by morphology.
Species listed in database: 1833; hybrids: 80
= Cereaceae DC. & Spreng.(transl.Jameson); Elem. Philos. Pl. 142 (1821)
= Mammillariaceae D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(5): 352 (2024)
= Nopaleaceae E.Schmid & Curtman; Pflanzenreich [Petermann] 2: 135 (1856)
= Opuntiaceae Desv.; Dict. Rais. Bot. 52, 385 (1817)
406.6453 Genus Cephalocereus Pfeiff.; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 6: 142 (1838)
Distribution: S-USA, Mexico
Species listed in database: 12
= Cephalophorus Lem.; Cact. Aliq. Nov. 12 (1838)
= Haseltonia Backeb.; Blätt. Sukkulentenk. 1: 3 (1949)
= Neobuxbaumia Backeb.; Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(6): [8, 211 (1938)
= Neodawsonia Backeb.; Blätt. Sukkulentenk. 1: 4 (1949)
= Pilocereus Lem.; Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov. 6 (1839)
= Pseudomitrocereus Bravo & Buxb.; Bot. Stud. 12 (Entwickl. Trib. Pachycereae): 53 (1961)
species :
Cephalocereus apicicephalium E.Y.Dawson; Occas. Pap. Allan Hancock Found. Publ. Univ. S. Calif. 1: 10 (1948)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Chiapas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalocereus nizandensis (Bravo & T.MacDoug.) Buxb.; Kakteen And. Sukk. 16: 45 (1965), in adnot.
= Cephalocereus totolapensis (Bravo & T.MacDoug.) Buxb.; Kakteen And. Sukk. 16: 45 (1965), nom. inval.
= Neodawsonia apicicephalium (E.Y.Dawson) Backeb.; Blätt. Sukkulentenk. 1: 4 (1949), et Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 122 (1951)
= Neodawsonia apicicephalium subsp. totolapensis Guiggi; Cactology 5(Suppl. 8): 14 (2020)
= Neodawsonia guengolensis Bravo; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 29: 79 (1959)
= Neodawsonia nana Bravo; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 29: 15 (1959)
= Neodawsonia nizandensis Bravo & T.MacDoug.; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 29: 82 (1959)
= Neodawsonia totolapensis Bravo & T.MacDoug.; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 29: 74 (1959), no type collection cited
= Neodawsonia totolapensis Bravo & T.MacDoug. ex H.J.Tapia; Syst. Bot. 42: 720 (2017)
species :
Cephalocereus columna-trajani (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) K.Schum.; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 198 (1897)
Name: Cardon Blanco
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalocereus columna (Walp.) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 6a: 182 (1894)
= Cephalocereus columna-trajani (Pfeiff.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 2(3): 109 (1992)
= Cephalocereus hoppenstedii (J.N.Haage & E.Schmidt) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 6a: 182 (1894)
= Cephalophorus columna-trajani (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) Lem.; Cact. Aliq. Nov. 12 (1838)
= Cereus columna Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 5: 818 (1846)
= Cereus columna-trajani Karw. ex Pfeiff.; Enum. Diagn. Cact. 76 (1837)
= Cereus hoppenstedtii (J.N.Haage & E.Schmidt) Mottet; Dict. Prat. Hort. 5: 739 (1898-1899)
= Cereus lateribarbatus Lem.; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 11: 427 (1862)
= Haseltonia columna-trajani (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 4: 2263 (1960)
= Haseltonia hoppenstedtii (J.N.Haage & E.Schmidt) Backeb.; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 122 (1951)
= Melocactus columna-trajani Pfeiff.; Enum. Diagn. Cact. 46 (1837), nom. inval.
= Mitrocereus columna-trajani (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) E.Y.Dawson; Allan Hancock Found. Publ. Occas. Pap. 1: 4 (1948)
= Pachycereus columna-trajani (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 421 (1909)
= Pilocereus columna (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) Lem.; Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov. 9 (1839)
= Pilocereus hoppenstedtii J.N.Haage & E.Schmidt; Nursery Cat. (Haage) 1874: 5 (1874)
= Pilocereus lateralis F.A.C.Weber; Dict. Hort. [Bois] 2: 966 (1898)
= Pilocereus lateribarbatus Pfeiff. ex C.F.Först. & Rümpler; Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2 [Rümpler] 672 (1885)
species :
Cephalocereus fulviceps (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) H.E.Moore; Baileya 19: 165 (1975)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carnegiea fulviceps (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 2: 108 (1992)
= Cereus fulviceps (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) A.Berger; Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 64 (1905)
= Mitrocereus fulviceps (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 4: 2241 (1960)
= Pachycereus fulviceps (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) D.R.Hunt; Bradleya 9: 89 (1991)
= Pilocereus fulviceps F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 176 (1897)
= Pseudomitrocereus fulviceps (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Bravo & Buxb.; Bot. Stud. 12: 54 (1961)
species :
Cephalocereus macrocephalus F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 197 (1897)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carnegiea macrocephala (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 2: 109 (1992)
= Cereus macrocephalus (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) A.Berger; Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 62 (1905)
= Cereus ruficeps (F.A.C.Weber) Vaupel; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 27, 83 (1913)
= Mitrocereus ruficeps (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 4: 2244 (1960)
= Neobuxbaumia macrocephala (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) E.Y.Dawson; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 24: 173 (1952)
= Pachycereus ruficeps (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 2: 75 (1920)
= Pilocereus macrocephalus (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) F.A.C.Weber; Dict. Hort. [Bois] 2: 966 (1898)
= Pilocereus ruficeps F.A.C.Weber; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 11: 509 (1905)
species :
Cephalocereus mezcalaensis Bravo; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 3: 378 (1932)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carnegiea mezcalaensis (Bravo) P.V.Heath; Calyx 2(3): 109 (1992)
= Carnegiea mezcalaensis var. multiareolata (E.Y.Dawson) P.V.Heath; Calyx 2(3): 109 (1992)
= Cephalocereus mezcalaensis var. multiareolatus E.Y.Dawson; Allan Hancock Found. Publ. Occas. Pap. 1: 9 (1948)
= Cephalocereus mezcalaensis var. robustus E.Y.Dawson; Allan Hancock Found. Publ. Occas. Pap. 1: 9 (1948)
= Cephalocereus multiareolatus (E.Y.Dawson) H.J.Tapia & S.Arias; Syst. Bot. 42(4): 719 (2017)
= Neobuxbaumia mezcalaensis (Bravo) Backeb.; Beitr. Sukkulentenk. Sukkulentenpflege 1940: 3 (1941)
= Neobuxbaumia mezcalaensis var. multiareolata (E.Y.Dawson) E.Y.Dawson; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 24: 169 (1952)
= Neobuxbaumia mezcalaensis var. robusta (E.Y.Dawson) Backeb.; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 122 (1951)
= Neobuxbaumia multiareolata (E.Y.Dawson) Bravo, Scheinvar & Sánchez-Mej.; Cact. Suc. Mex. 17: 120 (1972)
= Pilocereus mezcalaensis (Bravo) W.T.Marshall; Cactaceae [Marshall & Bock] 75 (1941)
species :
Cephalocereus nudus E.Y.Dawson; Occas. Pap. Allan Hancock Found. Publ. Univ. S. Calif. 1: 12 (1948)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan, Oaxaca)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carnegiea squamulosa (Scheinvar & Sánchez-Mej.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 2(3): 108 (1992)
= Carnegiea tetetzo var. nuda (E.Y.Dawson) P.V.Heath; Calyx 2(3): 108 (1992)
= Cephalocereus tetetzo var. nudus (E.Y.Dawson) E.Y.Dawson; Desert Pl. Life 24: 54 (1952)
= Neobuxbaumia squamulosa Scheinvar & Sánchez-Mej.; Cact. Suc. Mex. 35(1): 13 (1990)
= Neobuxbaumia tetetzo var. nuda (E.Y.Dawson) E.Y.Dawson; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 24: 169 (1952)
species :
Cephalocereus parvispinus S.Arias, H.J.Tapia & U.Guzmán; Phytotaxa 392(2): 150 (2019)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)
79 MEX
species :
Cephalocereus polylophus (DC.) Britton & Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 419 (1909)
Distribution: Mexico (Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carnegiea polylopha (DC.) D.R.Hunt; Bradleya 6: 100 (1988)
= Carnegiea polylopha (DC.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 2(3): 108 (1992)
= Cereus polylophus DC.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 115 (1828)
= Neobuxbaumia polylopha (DC.) Backeb.; Blätt. Kakteenf. No. 6, p. 24. in obs. (1938)
= Pilocereus polylophus (DC.) Salm-Dyck; Cact. Hort. Dyck. [1844 ed.]: 184 (1845)
species :
Cephalocereus sanchezmejoradae (A.B.Lau) H.J.Tapia & S.Arias; Syst. Bot. 42(4): 719 (2017)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carnegiea laui P.V.Heath; Calyx 2(3): 109 (1992), nom. inval.
= Carnegiea nova P.V.Heath; Calyx 2(3): 109 (1992)
= Cephalocereus novus (P.V.Heath) M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2022(2)-1: 1 (2022)
= Neobuxbaumia laui (P.V.Heath) D.R.Hunt; Cactaceae Consensus Init. 4: 5 (1997)
= Neobuxbaumia sanchezmejoradae A.B.Lau; Cact. Suc. Mex. 39(1): 3 (1994)
species :
Cephalocereus scoparius (Poselg.) Britton & Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 419 (1909)
Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carnegiea scoparia (Poselg.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 2(3): 109 (1992)
= Cereus scoparius (Poselg.) A.Berger; Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 63 (1905)
= Lemaireocereus setispinus E.Y.Dawson; Allan Hancock Found. Publ. Occas. Pap. 1: 19 (1948)
= Neobuxbaumia scoparia (Poselg.) Backeb.; Beitr. Sukkulentenk. Sukkulentenpflege 3 (1941)
= Pilocereus scoparius Poselg.; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 21: 126 (1853)
= Pilocereus sterkmanii K.Schum.; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 179 (1897)
species :
Cephalocereus senilis (Haw.) Pfeiff.; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 6: 142 (1838)
Name: Greisenhaupt, Bunny Cactus, Old Man Cactus, Old Man of Mexico, Viejo, White Persian Cat Cactus
Distribution: Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I]); Mexico (Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz)
61 sci 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Cactus bradypus Lehm.; Index Sem. (Hamburg) 17 (1826)
= Cactus senilis Haw.; Philos. Mag. J. 63: 41 (1824)
= Cephalocereus senilis (Haw.) K.Schum.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 6a: 181 (1894), isonym
= Cephalocereus senilis f. cristatus (Mathsson) P.V.Heath; Calyx 2(3): 109 (1992)
= Cephalocereus senilis f. fasciatus P.V.Heath; Calyx 2(3): 109 (1992)
= Cephalophorus senilis (Haw.) Lem.; Cact. Aliq. Nov. 12 (1838)
= Cereus bradypus (Lehm.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 333 (1841)
= Cereus senilis (Haw.) Salm-Dyck ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 3: 464 (1828)
= Echinocactus senilis (Haw.) Beaton; Gard. Mag. & Reg. Rural Domest. Improv. 15: 550 (1839)
= Echinocactus staplesiae Tate; Gard. Mag. (London) 16: 27 (1840)
= Euporteria senilis (Haw.) Kreuz. & Buining; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 201 (1941)
= Melocactus bradypus Lehm. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 122 (1841), nom. inval.
= Pilocereus senilis (Haw.) Lem.; Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov. 6 (1839)
= Pilocereus williamsii Scheidw. ex C.F.Först.; Handb. Cacteenk. [Förster] 354 (1846), nom. inval.
species :
Cephalocereus tetetzo (F.A.C.Weber ex J.M.Coult.) Diguet; Arch. Hist. Nat. 4: 370 (1928)
Name: Cardon, Higos de Teteche, Teteche, Tetetzo
Distribution: Mexico (Puebla, Oaxaca)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carnegiea tetetzo (F.A.C.Weber ex J.M.Coult.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 2: 108 (1992)
= Cereus tetetzo F.A.C.Weber ex J.M.Coult.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 409 (1896)
= Neobuxbaumia tetetzo (F.A.C.Weber ex J.M.Coult.) Backeb.; Blätt. Kakteenf. 5(6): 24 (1938)
= Neobuxbaumia tetetzo (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Backeb.; Blätt. Kakteenf. No. 6, p. 24 (1938)
= Pachycereus tetetzo (F.A.C.Weber ex J.M.Coult.) Ochot.; Cact. México 17 (1922)
= Pilocereus tetetzo (F.A.C.Weber ex J.M.Coult.) F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 176 (1897)
= Pilocereus tetetzo var. cristata F.A.C.Weber; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 176 (1897)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life