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392.0000 Family Aizoaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 15 (1820), nom. cons.
127 genera, ca. 1900 spp.
Species listed in database: 1790; hybrids: 11
= Galeniaceae Raf.; Amer. J. Sci. (New York) 1: 376 (1819)
= Mesembryaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 37, 41 (1829)
= Mesembryanthemaceae Philib.; Intr. Bot., ed. 2, 3: 268 (1801), nom. cons.
= Sesuviaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 83 (1834)
= Tetragoniaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 209 (1836), nom. cons.
392.3478 Genus Cephalophyllum (Haw.) N.E.Br.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 78: 433 (1925)
Distribution: S-Namibia, South Africa
Species listed in database: 33
species :
Cephalophyllum alstonii Marloth ex L.Bolus; S. African Gard. 18: 156 (1928)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalophyllum franciscii L.Bolus; J. S. African Bot. 35: 144 (1969)
species :
Cephalophyllum caespitosum H.Hartmann; Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 43(4): 100 (1981), nom. nov.
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cheiridopsis cuprea (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 79: 407, 426 (1926)
= Mesembryanthemum cupreum L.Bolus; Ann. Bolus Herb. 3: 159 (1924)
species :
Cephalophyllum compressum L.Bolus; J. S. African Bot. 28: 16 (1962)
Distribution: Namibia
27 NAM
species :
Cephalophyllum confusum (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes; Gartenflora 77: 69 (1928)
Distribution: Namibia
27 NAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Mesembryanthemum confusum Dinter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 125 (1923)
species :
Cephalophyllum corniculatum (L.) Schwantes; Gartenflora 77: 69 (1928)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalophyllum ceresianum L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 359 (1932)
= Cephalophyllum dissimile (N.E.Br.) Schwantes; Gartenflora 77: 69 (1928)
= Mesembryanthemum corniculatum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 676 (1762)
= Mesembryanthemum dissimile N.E.Br.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 45: 105 (1920)
species :
Cephalophyllum curtophyllum (L.Bolus) Schwantes; Gartenflora 77: 69 (1928)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalophyllum artum L.Bolus; J. S. African Bot. 27: 255 (1961)
= Cephalophyllum concinnum L.Bolus; J. S. African Bot. 28: 17 (1962)
= Cephalophyllum conicum L.Bolus ex H.Jacobsen; Sukkulentenlexicon 371 (1970), nom. inval.
= Cephalophyllum latipetalum L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 71 (1929)
= Cephalophyllum platycalyx (L.Bolus) Schwantes; Gartenflora 77: 69 (1928)
= Cephalophyllum rhodandrum L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 296 (1931)
= Mesembryanthemum curtophyllum L.Bolus; Ann. Bolus Herb. 3: 160 (1924)
= Mesembryanthemum platycalyx L.Bolus; Ann. Bolus Herb. 3: 161 (1924)
species :
Cephalophyllum diversiphyllum (Haw.) N.E.Br.; J. S. African Bot. 17 (1929)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalophyllum baylissii L.Bolus; J. S. African Bot. 29: 136 (1963)
= Cephalophyllum bredasdorpense L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 3: 151 (1939)
= Cephalophyllum caledonicum L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 3: 151 (1939)
= Cephalophyllum cauliculatum (Haw.) N.E.Br.; J. Bot. 66: 326 (1928)
= Cephalophyllum diversifolium (Haw.) Schwantes; Gartenflora 77: 69 (1928)
= Cephalophyllum vandermerwei L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 112 (1929)
= Mesembryanthemum cauliculatum Haw.; Suppl. Pl. Succ. 90 (1819)
= Mesembryanthemum diminutum var. cauliculatum (Haw.) Haw.; (1821)
= Mesembryanthemum diversifolium Haw.; Misc. Nat. 38 (1803)
= Mesembryanthemum diversiphyllum Haw.; Observ. Mesembryanthemum 228 (1794)
= Mesembryanthemum diversiphyllum var. congestum Salm-Dyck; (1837)
species :
Cephalophyllum ebracteatum (Pax ex Schltr. & Diels) Dinter & Schwantes; Gartenflora 77: 69 (1928)
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalophyllum ausense L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 87 (1929)
= Cephalophyllum ernii L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 71 (1929)
= Cephalophyllum laetulum L.Bolus; J. S. African Bot. 27: 56 (1960)
= Cephalophyllum namaquanum L.Bolus; S. African Gard. 18: 156, L. Bolus, Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 1, 149 (1928)
= Cephalophyllum rangei (Engl.) L.Bolus ex H.Jacobsen; Sukkulentenlexicon 473 (1970), nom. inval.
= Mesembryanthemum ebracteatum Pax ex Schltr. & Diels; Namal. & Kalahari [Schultze] 693 (1907)
= Mesembryanthemum rangei Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 190 (1909)
species :
Cephalophyllum framesii L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 127 (1929)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalophyllum densum N.E.Br.; J. Bot. 66: 327 (1928) (nomen)
= Cephalophyllum ramosum N.E.Br.; J. Bot. 67: 18 (1928) (nomen)
= Cephalophyllum stayneri L.Bolus; J. S. African Bot. 27: 255 (1961)
species :
Cephalophyllum fulleri L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 133 (1929)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Cephalophyllum goodii L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 87 (1929)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Cephalophyllum griseum (S.A.Hammer & U.Schmiedel) H.E.K.Hartmann; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 75(4): 170 (2003)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Hallianthus griseus S.A.Hammer & U.Schmiedel; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 74(5): 230 (2002)
species :
Cephalophyllum hallii L.Bolus; J. S. African Bot. 27: 57 (1960)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Cephalophyllum herrei L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 314 (1932)
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalophyllum pallens L.Bolus; J. S. African Bot. 27: 256 (1961)
species :
Cephalophyllum inaequale L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 1: 149 (1928)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Cephalophyllum loreum (L.) Schwantes; Gartenflora 77: 69 (1928)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalophyllum apiculatum L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 112 (1929)
= Cephalophyllum cedrimontanum L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 3: 151 (1939)
= Cephalophyllum compactum L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 398 (1933)
= Cephalophyllum decipiens (Haw.) L.Bolus; S. African Gard. 18: 156 (1928)
= Cephalophyllum primulinum (L.Bolus) Schwantes; Gartenflora 77: 69 (1928)
= Mesembryanthemum decipiens Haw.; Revis. Pl. Succ. 110 (1821)
= Mesembryanthemum loreum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 486 (1753)
= Mesembryanthemum primulinum L.Bolus; Ann. Bolus Herb. 3: 160 (1924)
species :
Cephalophyllum niveum L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 295 (1931)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalophyllum truncatum L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 398 (1933)
species :
Cephalophyllum numeesense H.E.K.Hartmann; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 22: 172 (1988)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalophyllum herrei var. decumbens L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 314 (1932)
species :
Cephalophyllum parvibracteatum (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 22: 172 (1988)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalophyllum kliprandense L.Bolus; J. S. African Bot. 30: 242 (1964)
= Cheiridopsis parvibracteata L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 135 (1929)
species :
Cephalophyllum parviflorum L.Bolus; S. African Gard. 18: 156, L. Bolus, Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 1, 150 (1928)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalophyllum parviflorum var. proliferum L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 114 (1929)
species :
Cephalophyllum parvulum (Schltr.) H.E.K.Hartmann; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 22: 173 (1989)
Distribution: +South Africa (+W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Conservation Status: IUCN Ex
Synonyms: hidden
= Mesembryanthemum parvulum Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 27: 129 (1899)
= Cheiridopsis parvula (Schltr.) N.E.Br.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 79: 407 (1926)
species :
Cephalophyllum pillansii L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 95 (1929)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalophyllum pillansii var. grandiflorum L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 95 (1929)
species :
Cephalophyllum pulchellum L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 3: 47 (1937)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalophyllum breviflorum L.Bolus; J. S. African Bot. 27: 176 (1961)
species :
Cephalophyllum pulchrum L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 354 (1932)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Cephalophyllum purpureoalbum (Haw.) Schwantes; Gartenflora 77: 69 (1928)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalophyllum aurantiacum L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 113 (1929)
= Cephalophyllum gracile L.Bolus; S. African Gard. 18: 155, L. Bolus, Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 1, 149 (1928)
= Cephalophyllum gracile var. longisepalum L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 114 (1929)
= Cephalophyllum littlewoodii L.Bolus; J. S. African Bot. 28: 18 (1962)
= Cephalophyllum middlemostii L.Bolus; J. S. African Bot. 29: 174 (1963)
= Cephalophyllum paucifolium L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 51 (1929)
= Cephalophyllum serrulatum L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 418 (1934)
= Cephalophyllum worcesterense L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 419 (1934)
= Mesembryanthemum purpureoalbum Haw.; Philos. Mag. J. 68: 329 (1826)
species :
Cephalophyllum regale L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 337 (1932)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalophyllum vanheerdei L.Bolus; Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 20: 83 (1958)
species :
Cephalophyllum rigidum L.Bolus; S. African Gard. 18: 156, et J. Bot. 1928 66: 198 (1928)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalophyllum aureorubrum L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 3: 21 (1936)
= Cephalophyllum insigne L.Bolus; J. S. African Bot. 29: 174 (1963)
species :
Cephalophyllum rostellum (L.BoI.) H.E.K.Hartmann; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 18: 93 (1982)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Vanzijlia rostella L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 47 (1929)
species :
Cephalophyllum spissum H.E.K.Hartmann; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 22: 176 (1988)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Cephalophyllum staminodiosum L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 194 (1930)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Cephalophyllum subulatoides (Haw.) N.E.Br.; J. Bot. 67: 18 (1929)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalophyllum acutum (Haw.) L.Bolus; Fl. Pl. South Africa 7: t. 257 (1927)
= Cephalophyllum diminutum (Haw.) L.Bolus; S. African Gard. 18: 156 (1928)
= Cephalophyllum punctatum (Haw.) N.E.Br.; J. Bot. 67: 18 (1929)
= Mesembryanthemum acutum Haw.; Misc. Nat. 26 (1803)
= Mesembryanthemum diminutum Haw.; Misc. Nat. 26 (1803)
= Mesembryanthemum diminutum var. pallidum Haw.; (1819)
= Mesembryanthemum punctatum Haw.; Observ. Mesembryanthemum 411 (1795)
= Mesembryanthemum subrostratum Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 2: 529 (1809)
= Mesembryanthemum subulatoides Haw.; Observ. Mesembryanthemum 141 (1795)
species :
Cephalophyllum tetrastichum H.E.K.Hartmann; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 22: 177 (1988)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Cephalophyllum tricolorum (Haw.) N.E.Br.; Gen. S. Afr. Fl. Pl. 247 (1926)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalophyllum comptonii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.; J. Bot. 66: 326 (1928)
= Cephalophyllum crassum L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: 96 (1929)
= Cephalophyllum tenuifolium L.Bolus; Notes Mesembryanthemum [H.M.L.Bolus] 2: III (1929)
= Mesembryanthemum stramineum Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 2: 533 (1809), nom. illeg.
= Mesembryanthemum tricolorum Haw.; Observ. Mesembryanthemum 233 (1795)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 26.03 (March 13th, 2026)

Covering 359,059 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,135 synonyms,
in total 1,422,813* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life