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493.0000 Family Gentianaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 141 (1789), nom. cons.
95 genera, ca. 1850 spp.
Species listed in database: 1857; hybrids: 24
= Chironiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 1(104-114): 1, 36 (1823)
= Coutoubeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Obolariaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 427 (1820)
= Potaliaceae Mart.; Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. [Martius] 2: 89, 91, 133 (1827)
= Saccifoliaceae Maguire & Pires; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 29: 242 (1978)
493.0620 Genus Chelonanthus (Griseb.) Gilg; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 98 (1895)
Distribution: Tropical America. Species circumscription highly disputed. Helia is often kept separate as genus.
Species listed in database: 11
= Helia Mart.; Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. [Martius] 2: 122 (1827)
species :
Chelonanthus alatus Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 459 (1925)
Name: Ground Itch Bush, Zeb Leshofi (Trinidad & Tobago)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia; Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Barinas, Bolívar, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia, Roraima)
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chelonanthus acutangulus (Ruiz & Pav.) Gilg; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 98 (1895)
= Chelonanthus alatus (Aubl.) Pulle; Enum. Vasc. Pl. Surinam 376 (1906)
= Chelonanthus chelonoides (L.f.) Gilg; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 98 (1895)
= Chelonanthus leucanthus Gilg; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 55 (1906)
= Chelonanthus whitei (Rusby) Rusby; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 322 (1927)
= Helia acutangula (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 427 (1891)
= Helia alata (Aubl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 428 (1891)
= Helia campanulacea (Desr.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 428 (1891)
= Helia chelonoides (L.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 427 (1891)
= Helia crassicaulis (M.Martens & Galeotti) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 428 (1891)
= Helia oerstedii (Griseb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 428 (1891)
= Helia tetragona (Benth.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 428 (1891)
= Helia trifidus (Kunth) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 427 (1891)
= Irlbachia alata (Aubl.) Maas; Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 88(4): 408 (1985)
= Lisianthus acutangulus Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 14 (1799)
= Lisianthus alatus Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 204 (1775)
= Lisianthus campanulaceus Desr.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 660 (1792)
= Lisianthus chelonoides L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 134 (1782) nom. illeg.
= Lisianthus crassicaulis M.Martens & Galeotti; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(1): 374 (1844)
= Lisianthus oerstedii Griseb.; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 1, 3: 54 (1853)
= Lisianthus tetragonus Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 68 (1840)
= Lisianthus trifidus Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 182 (1818)
= Tetragonanthus whitei Rusby; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 321 (1927)
species :
Chelonanthus albus (Spruce ex Progel) V.M.Badillo; Cat. Fl. Venez. [Pittier] 2: 293 (1947)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas); Bolivia (Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas)
82 VEN 83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Helia alba (Spruce ex Progel) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 428 (1891)
= Irlbachia alata subsp. alba (Spruce ex Progel) Pers. & Maas; Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 88(4): 409 (1985)
= Lisianthus albus Spruce ex Progel; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(1): 237 (1865)
species :
Chelonanthus angustifolius (Kunth) Gilg; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 98 (1895)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Guyana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas, Acre); Paraguay (Canindeyu)
82 GUY VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Chelonanthus bifidus (Kunth) Gilg; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 98 (1895)
= Chelonanthus camporum Gilg; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 54 (1906)
= Chelonanthus pyriformis Gleason; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 450 (1931)
= Helia angustifolia (Kunth) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 428 (1891)
= Helia bifida (Kunth) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 428 (1891)
= Irlbachia alata subsp. angustifolia (Kunth) Pers. & Maas; Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 88(4): 409 (1985)
= Lisianthus angustifolius Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 181 (1818)
= Lisianthus bifidus Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 181 (1818)
= Lisianthus kunthii G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 208 (1837)
= Lisianthus pyriformis (Gleason) Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 28(3): 498 (1953)
= Lisianthus racemosus Willd. ex Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 186 (1839)
species :
Chelonanthus fistulosus (Poir.) Gilg; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 98 (1895)
Distribution: ?Venezuela; N-Brazil (Roraima, Pará, Amazonas); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Paraíba, Pernambuco); SE-Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Helia fistulosa (Poir.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 428 (1891)
= Lisianthus fistulosus Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 3: 564 (1814)
species :
Chelonanthus grandiflorus (Aubl.) Hassl.; Pl. Hassl., Add. 5 (1917)
Distribution: Grenada; Colombia (Caquetá, Valle, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas); Guyana; N-Brazil (Roraima, Pará, Amazonas); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Paraíba, Pernambuco); SE-Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); Paraguay (Amambay)
81 GRE 82 CLM GUY VEN 84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Chelonanthus schomburgkii (Griseb.) Gilg; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 98 (1895)
= Helia grandiflora (Aubl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 428 (1891)
= Helia schomburgkii (Griseb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 428 (1891)
= Lisianthus alatus Willd. ex Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 185 (1839), nom. inval.
= Lisianthus grandiflorus Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 205 (1775)
= Lisianthus schomburgkii Griseb.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 9: 75 (1845)
species :
Chelonanthus hamatus Lepis; Fl. Guianas, Ser. A, Phanerogams 30(139): 15 (2014)
Distribution: French Guiana
82 FRG
species :
Chelonanthus longistylus (Pers. & Maas) Struwe & Albert; Harvard Pap. Bot. 3: 70 (1998)
Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana
82 FRG GUY SUR VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Irlbachia alata subsp. longistyla Pers. & Maas; Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 88(4): 410 (1985)
species :
Chelonanthus matogrossensis (J.G.M.Pers. & Maas) Struwe & V.A.Albert; Harvard Pap. Bot. 3(1): 70 (1998)
Distribution: Bolivia (Beni, Pando); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul)
83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Irlbachia alata subsp. matogrossensis Pers. & Maas; Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 88(4): 410 (1985)
species :
Chelonanthus pterocaulis Lepis; Fl. Guianas, Ser. A, Phanerogams 30(139): 17 (2014)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Casanare, Chocó, Meta, Santander, Vaupés, Vichada); Brazil (Minas Gerais)
82 CLM 84 BRA
species :
Chelonanthus purpurascens (Aubl.) Struwe, Nilsson & Albert; Harvard Pap. Bot. 3: 70 (1998)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Boyacá, Caquetá, Cundinamarca, Guainía, Huila, Meta, Putumayo, Tolima, Valle, Vaupés, Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Merida); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Amapa, Pará, Amazonas, Acre); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná)
82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chelonanthus spruceanus (Benth.) Pilg.; Zwei Jahre Unter Indianern: Reisen Nord-W. Brasil. [Koch-Grünberg] 2: 31 (1910)
= Chelonanthus uliginosus (Griseb.) Gilg; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 98 (1895)
= Helia amoena (Miq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 428 (1891)
= Helia gracilis (Griseb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 428 (1891)
= Helia purpurascens (Aubl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 428 (1891)
= Helia spruceana (Benth.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 428 (1891)
= Helia uliginosa (Griseb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 428 (1891)
= Irlbachia purpurascens (Aubl.) Maas; Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 88(4): 408 (1985)
= Lisianthus amoenus Miq.; Linnaea 19: 139 (1847)
= Lisianthus gracilis Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 182 (1839)
= Lisianthus grandiflorus Willd. ex Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 182 (1839), nom. inval.
= Lisianthus purpurascens Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 201 (1775)
= Lisianthus spruceanus Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 202 (1854)
= Lisianthus uliginosus Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 181 (1839)
= Lisianthus uliginosus var. grandiflorus Griseb.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 9: 76 (1845)
= Lisianthus uliginosus var. guianensis Griseb.; Gen. Sp. Gent. 182 (1839)
species :
Chelonanthus viridiflorus (Mart.) Gilg; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 2: 98 (1895)
Distribution: Guyana; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Roraima); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Ceara); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Caaguazu, Canindeyu, Itapua, San Pedro); Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones)
82 GUY 83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Chelonanthus candidus Malme; Ark. Bot. 3(12): 13 (1904)
= Helia viridiflora (Mart.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 428 (1891)
= Irlbachia alata subsp. viridiflora (Mart.) Pers. & Maas; Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 88(4): 410 (1985)
= Lisianthus viridiflorus Mart.; Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. [Martius] 2: 94 (1827)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

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