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491.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14337; hybrids: 48
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
491.5208 Genus Cinchona L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 172 (1753)
Distribution: Tropical America (mostly Andes)
Species listed in database: 24; hybrids: 1
= Cascarilla Ruiz ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 165 (1821)
= Quinquina Boehm.; Def. Gen. Pl., ed. 3: 30 (1760)
species :
Cinchona anderssonii Maldonado; Phytotaxa 297(2): 204 (2017)
Distribution: Bolivia
83 BOL
species :
Cinchona antioquiae L.Andersson; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 80: 36 (1998)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Caldas, Chocó, Valle)
82 CLM
species :
Cinchona asperifolia Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 7 (1848)
Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)
83 BOL PER
species :
Cinchona barbacoensis H.Karst.; Fl. Columb. [Karsten] 1: 47 (1859)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó, Nariño, Risaralda, Valle); Ecuador
82 CLM 83 ECU
species :
Cinchona calisaya Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 6 (1848)
Name: Calisaya
Distribution: São Tomé [I]; India [I] (Tamil Nadu [I], West Bengal [I]); Philippines [c]; Java [I]; Guatemala [I]; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz)
23 sao 40 ind 42 jaw phi 80 gua 83 BOL PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Cinchona amygdalifolia Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 6 (1848)
= Cinchona australis Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 7 (1848)
= Cinchona calisaya var. boliviana Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 12: 55 (1869)
= Cinchona calisaya var. josephiana Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 11: 269 (1849)
= Cinchona calisaya var. ledgeriana Howard; Quinol. E. Ind. Plantations 84 (1876)
= Cinchona calisaya var. microcarpa Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 12: 54 (1869)
= Cinchona calisaya var. oblongifolia Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 12: 57 (1869)
= Cinchona calisaya var. vera Wedd.; Hist. Nat. Quinquinas 30 (1849), nom. inval.
= Cinchona carabayensis var. lanceolata Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 270 (1869)
= Cinchona carabayensis Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 9 (1848)
= Cinchona delondriana Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 7 (1848)
= Cinchona euneura Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 265 (1869)
= Cinchona forbesiana Howard ex Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 12: 36 (1869)
= Cinchona gammiana King; Sci. Mem. Off. Med. Dept. Gov. India 8: 59 (1894)
= Cinchona gironensis Mutis; Corr. Linnaeus [J.E. Smith] 2: 521 (1821)
= Cinchona hasskarliana Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 266 (1869)
= Cinchona josephiana (Wedd.) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 11: 361 (1869)
= Cinchona ledgeriana (Howard) Bern.Moens ex Trimen; J. Bot. 19: 323 (1881)
= Cinchona officinalis var. josephiana (Wedd.) Cárdenas; Coloniz. Agric. 13: 21 (1937)
= Cinchona pahudiana Howard; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. 21 (1862)
= Cinchona peruviana Howard; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. 27 (1862)
= Cinchona peruviana var. vera Howard; Rep. Proc. Int. Hort. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 205 (1866)
= Cinchona scrobiculata var. delondriana (Wedd.) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 11: 270 (1849)
= Cinchona thwaitesii King; Sci. Mem. Off. Med. Dept. Gov. India 8: 60 (1894)
= Cinchona weddelliana Kuntze; Monogr. Cinchona 5 (1878)
= Cinchona weddelliana var. angustifolia Kuntze; Monogr. Cinchona 29 (1878)
= Cinchona weddelliana var. multiscrobiculata Kuntze; Monogr. Cinchona 29 (1878)
= Cinchona weddelliana var. rubrifolia Kuntze; Monogr. Cinchona 29 (1878)
= Cinchona weddelliana var. rubrivenata Kuntze; Monogr. Cinchona 29 (1878)
= Quinquina calisaya (Wedd.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 295 (1891)
= Quinquina carabayensis (Wedd.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 294 (1891)
= Quinquina carabayensis var. villosa Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 122 (1898)
= Quinquina ledgeriana (Howard) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 295 (1891)
species :
Cinchona capuli L.Andersson; Fl. Ecuador 50(162: 1-4): 58 (1994)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
species :
Cinchona fruticosa L.Andersson; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 80: 57 (1998)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
species :
Cinchona glandulifera (Ruiz) Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 3: 1 (1802)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Cascarilla glandulifera Ruiz; Supl. Quinologia 5 (1801)
= Cinchona glandulosa Ruiz & Pav. ex Triana; Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 2: 402 (1938)
= Cinchona undulata Pav. ex Howard; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. (6) 21 (1859)
species :
Cinchona hirsuta Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 51 (1799)
Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz)
83 BOL PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Cinchona pubescens var. hirsuta (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 353 (1830)
= Cinchona tenuis Ruiz ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 353 (1830), pro syn.
= Cinchona tenuis Vell.; Quinogr. Portug. 12 (1799)
species :
Cinchona krauseana L.Andersson; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 80: 46 (1998), nom. nov.
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Ladenbergia coriacea K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 38 (1908)
species :
Cinchona lancifolia Mutis; Papel Periodico de Santa Fé 111: 465 (1793)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Huila, Meta, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Santander); Venezuela (Merida, Tachira, Trujillo); Ecuador
82 CLM VEN 83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Cinchona angustifolia Ruiz; Supl. Quinologia 14 (1801), nom. illeg.
= Cinchona condaminea var. lancifolia (Mutis) Wedd.; Hist. Nat. Quinquinas 38 (1849)
= Cinchona lancifolia var. angustifolia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 352 (1830)
= Cinchona lancifolia var. discolor H.Karst.; Fl. Columb. [Karsten] 1: 22 (1859), nom. illeg.
= Cinchona tunita López ex Triana; Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 2: 70 (1938), pro syn.
= Quinquina lancifolia (Mutis) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 295 (1891)
species :
Cinchona lucumifolia Pav. ex Lindl.; Fl. Med. 416 (1838)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Cinchona lucumifolia Pav. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 353 (1830)
= Cinchona condaminea var. lucumifolia (Pav. ex Lindl.) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 11: 270 (1849)
= Cinchona macrocalyx var. lucumifolia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 353 (1830)
species :
Cinchona macrocalyx Pav. ex DC.; Biblioth. Universelle Genève 41: 151 (1829)
Distribution: Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)
83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Cinchona bonplandiana Klotzsch; Getreue Darstell. Gew. 14: t. 14 (1846)
= Cinchona coccinea Pav.; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. [3] (1859)
= Cinchona condaminea var. candollii Wedd.; Hist. Nat. Quinquinas 37 (1849)
= Cinchona erythrantha Pav.; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. [12] (1859)
= Cinchona heterophylla Pav.; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. [16] (1859)
= Cinchona pubescens var. heterophylla Pav. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 353 (1830)
= Cinchona violacea Pav.; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], ad calcem (1859)
= Quinquina coccinea (Pav.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 295 (1891)
= Quinquina heterophylla (Pav.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 295 (1891)
species :
Cinchona micrantha Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 52 (1799)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Cinchona micrantha var. affinis Pav.; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. 5 (1862)
= Cinchona micrantha var. calisayoides Pav.; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. 5 (1862)
= Cinchona micrantha var. huanucensis Pav.; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. 5 (1862)
= Cinchona micrantha var. reicheliana Pav.; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. 5 (1862)
= Cinchona micrantha var. rotundifolia Wedd.; Hist. Nat. Quinquinas 52 (1849)
= Cinchona parviflora Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 6: 38 (1804), nom. illeg.
= Cinchona peruviana var. micrantha (Ruiz & Pav.) Howard; Rep. Proc. Int. Hort. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 205 (1866)
= Cinchona peruviana var. reicheliana Howard; Rep. Proc. Int. Hort. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 205 (1866)
= Cinchona reicheliana Howard; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. 5 (1859), nom. inval.
= Quinquina micrantha (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 295 (1891)
species :
Cinchona mutisii Lamb.; Ill. Cinchona 9 (1821)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Cinchona microphylla Pav.; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. 17, f. 1 (1862)
= Cinchona microphylla Pav. ex Lamb.; Ill. Cinchona 9 (1821), pro syn.
= Cinchona mutisii var. microphylla Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 11: 270 (1849)
= Cinchona quercifolia Pav. ex Lamb.; Ill. Cinchona 19 (1821), pro syn.
species :
Cinchona nitida Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 50 (1799)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Cinchona discolor Klotzsch; Getreue Darstell. Gew. 14: t. 14 (1846)
= Cinchona lancifolia var. nitida (Ruiz & Pav.) Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 9 (1819)
= Cinchona peruviana var. nitida (Ruiz & Pav.) Howard; Rep. Proc. Int. Hort. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 205 (1866)
= Cinchona stenosiphon K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 318 (1908)
species :
Cinchona officinalis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 172 (1753)
Distribution: Guinea [I]; St. Helena [I]; S-China [I]; Taiwan [I]; India [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Myanmar [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Palau [I]; Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Jamaica [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Ecuador; Peru
22 gui 28 sth 36 chi 38 tai 40 ind srl 41 mya 42 jaw phi 62 plu 79 mex 80 gua 81 jam pue 83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Cascarilla officinalis (L.) Ruiz; Quinologia 56 (1792)
= Cinchona academica Guibourt; Hist. Nat. Drogues Simples 3: 98 (1822)
= Cinchona chahuraguera Pav.; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. [1] (1859)
= Cinchona chahuraguera Pav. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 352 (1830), nomen
= Cinchona condaminea Humb. & Bonpl.; Pl. Aequinoct. [Humboldt & Bonpland] 1: 33 (1808)
= Cinchona condaminea var. chahuraguera DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 352 (1830)
= Cinchona crispa Tafalla ex Howard; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. (9) (1859)
= Cinchona cucumifolia Pav. ex Lamb.; Ill. Cinchona 2 (1821)
= Cinchona lancifolia var. lanceolata Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 10 (1819)
= Cinchona legitima Ruiz ex C.J.Laubert; Bull. Pharm. (Paris), 2: 293 (1810)
= Cinchona lucumifolia var. stupea Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 11: 358 (1869)
= Cinchona macrocalyx var. obtusifolia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 353 (1830)
= Cinchona macrocalyx var. uritusinga DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 353 (1830)
= Cinchona obtusifolia Pav. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 353 (1830), nomen
= Cinchona officinalis var. bonplandianacolorata Howard; Rep. Proc. Int. Hort. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 208 (1866)
= Cinchona officinalis var. bonplandianalutea Howard; Rep. Proc. Int. Hort. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 208 (1866)
= Cinchona officinalis var. condaminea (Humb. & Bonpl.) Howard; Rep. Proc. Int. Hort. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 202 (1866)
= Cinchona officinalis var. crispa (Tafalla ex Howard) Howard; Rep. Proc. Int. Hort. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 203 (1866)
= Cinchona officinalis var. uritusinga (Pav. ex Howard) Howard; Rep. Proc. Int. Hort. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 201 (1866)
= Cinchona palton Pav.; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. 17 (1859)
= Cinchona peruviana Mutis; Corr. Linnaeus [J.E. Smith] 2: 530 (1821)
= Cinchona stupea Pav. ex Lamb.; Ill. Cinchona 2 (1821)
= Cinchona subcordata Pav. ex Howard; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav.: ad calcem (1859)
= Cinchona suberosa Pav.; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], ad calcem (1859)
= Cinchona uritusinga Pav. ex Howard; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. (191) (1859)
= Cinchona vritusino Pav. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 352 (1830), nomen
= Quinquina officinalis (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 294 (1891)
= Quinquina palton (Pav.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 295 (1891)
species :
Cinchona parabolica Pav. ex Howard; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. [18] (1859)
Distribution: Ecuador; Peru
83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Cinchona delessertiana Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13: 26 (1936)
= Cinchona mutisii var. crispa Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 11: 270 (1849)
species :
Cinchona pitayensis (Wedd.) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 11: 269 (1849)
Distribution: Colombia (Cauca, Nariño, Putumayo); Ecuador
82 CLM 83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Cinchona condaminea var. pitayensis Wedd.; Hist. Nat. Quinquinas 38 (1849)
= Cinchona corymbosa H.Karst.; Fl. Columb. [Karsten] 1: 19 (1858)
= Cinchona pitayensis var. trianae (H.Karst.) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 11: 359 (1869)
= Cinchona trianae H.Karst.; Fl. Columb. [Karsten] 1: 45 (1859)
species :
Cinchona pubescens Vahl; Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk. 1: 19 (1790)
Name: Quinine tree (Jamaica), Peruvian bark, Quina roja, Quinine bark tree (Puerto Rico)
Distribution: Guinea [I]; Principe Isl. [I]; São Tomé [I]; St. Helena [I]; S-China [I]; Taiwan [I]; India [I]; Myanmar [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Philippines [c]; Java [I]; New Guinea [I]; Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I]); Hawaii [I] (East Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Honduras; Costa Rica; Panama; Jamaica [I]; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Caquetá, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Aragua, Barinas, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Zulia); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz)
22 gui 23 pri sao 28 sth 36 chi 38 tai 40 ind 41 mya 42 jaw nwg phi sul 61 sci 63 haw 80 COS HON PAN 81 jam 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Cinchona caloptera Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 273 (1868 publ. 1869)
= Cinchona chomeliana Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 9 (1848)
= Cinchona colorata C.J.Laubert ex B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 1: 535 (1893)
= Cinchona cordifolia Mutis; Papel Periodico de Santa Fé 111: 465 (1793)
= Cinchona cordifolia var. macrocarpa Wedd. ex Howard; Rep. Proc. Int. Hort. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 214 (1866)
= Cinchona cordifolia var. microcarpa Howard; Rep. Proc. Int. Hort. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 214 (1866), nomen
= Cinchona cordifolia var. peruviana Howard; Rep. Proc. Int. Hort. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 214 (1866), nomen
= Cinchona cordifolia var. rotundifolia (Pav. ex Lamb.) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 11: 270 (1849)
= Cinchona cordifolia var. vera Wedd.; Hist. Nat. Quinquinas 57 (1849), nom. inval.
= Cinchona coronulata Miq.; J. Bot. Néerl. 1: 140 (1861)
= Cinchona decurrentifolia Pav.; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. [23] (1862)
= Cinchona elliptica Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 12: 60 (1869)
= Cinchona goudotiana Klotzsch ex Triana; Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 2: 390 (1938)
= Cinchona govana Miq.; J. Bot. Néerl. 1: 142 (1861)
= Cinchona howardiana Kuntze; Monogr. Cinchona 7 (1878)
= Cinchona lechleriana Schltdl.; Linnaea 26: 728 (1854)
= Cinchona lutea Pav.; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. [14] (1859)
= Cinchona morado Ruiz; Quinologia 67 (1792)
= Cinchona obovata Pav. ex Howard; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. 18 (1862)
= Cinchona ovata Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 52 (1799)
= Cinchona ovata var. rufinervis (Wedd.) Wedd.; Hist. Nat. Quinquinas 60 (1849)
= Cinchona palescens Vell.; Quinogr. Portug. 33 (1799)
= Cinchona pallescens Ruiz ex Vitman; Summa Pl., Suppl. 1: 262 (1802), nom. illeg.
= Cinchona pallescens var. ovata (Ruiz & Pav.) Howard; Rep. Proc. Int. Hort. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 213 (1866)
= Cinchona pelalba Pav. ex DC.; Biblioth. Universelle Genève 41: 152 (1829)
= Cinchona pelletieriana Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 8 (1848)
= Cinchona platyphylla Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 11: 362 (1869), nom. illeg.
= Cinchona pubescens var. cordata DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 353 (1830)
= Cinchona pubescens var. ovata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 353 (1830)
= Cinchona pubescens var. pelletieriana (Wedd.) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 11: 270 (1849)
= Cinchona pubescens var. purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 11: 270 (1849)
= Cinchona purpurascens Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 8 (1848)
= Cinchona purpurea Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 52 (1799)
= Cinchona purpurea Vell.; Quinogr. Portug. 23 (Oct. 1799), nom. illeg.
= Cinchona rosulenta Howard ex Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 12: 66 (1869)
= Cinchona rotundifolia Pav. ex Lamb.; Ill. Cinchona 5 (1821)
= Cinchona rubicunda Tafalla ex Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 9: 262 (1869), nomen
= Cinchona rufinervis Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 8 (1848)
= Cinchona rugosa Pav. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 353 (1830)
= Cinchona subsessilis Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 272 (1868 publ. 1869)
= Cinchona succirubra Pav. ex Klotzsch; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1857: 60 (1858)
= Cinchona succirubra var. conglomerata Howard; Rep. Proc. Int. Hort. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 214 (1866), nomen
= Cinchona succirubra var. cuchicara Howard; Rep. Proc. Int. Hort. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 214 (1866), nomen
= Cinchona succirubra var. erythroderma Howard; Rep. Proc. Int. Hort. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 214 (1866), nomen
= Cinchona succirubra var. spruceana Howard; Rep. Proc. Int. Hort. Exhib. Bot. Congr. London 214 (1866), nomen
= Cinchona tucujensis H.Karst.; Fl. Columb. [Karsten] 1: 17 (1859)
= Quinquina obovata (Pav. ex Howard) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 295 (1891)
= Quinquina ovata (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 295 (1891)
= Quinquina pubescens (Vahl) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 295 (1891)
= Quinquina succirubra (Pav. ex Klotzsch) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 295 (1891)
species :
Cinchona pyrifolia L.Andersson; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 80: 50 (1998)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
species :
Cinchona rugosa Pav.; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. 14B (1859)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
species :
Cinchona scrobiculata Humb. & Bonpl.; Pl. Aequinoct. [Humboldt & Bonpland] 1: 165 (1808)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Cinchona umbellulifera Pav. ex Howard; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. (22) (1862)
species :
Cinchona villosa Pav. ex Lindl.; Fl. Med. 422 (1838)
Distribution: Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz)
83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Cinchona conglomerata Pav.; Ill. Nueva Quinol. Pav. [Howard], t. [15] (1859)
= Cinchona humboldtiana Lamb.; Ill. Cinchona 7 (1821), nom. superfl.
= Cinchona humboldtiana var. conglomerata (Howard) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 12: 45 (1869)
= Cinchona villosa Pav. ex Lamb.; Ill. Cinchona 7 (1821), pro syn.
= Quinquina humboldtiana (Lamb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 295 (1891)
species :
Cinchona ×boliviana Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 7 (1848)
Distribution: Peru; Bolivia
83 BOL PER
Remarks: Cinchona calisaya x C. pubescens
Synonyms: hidden
= Cinchona micrantha var. affinis (Wedd.) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 11: 360 (1869), nom. illeg.
= Cinchona micrantha var. oblongifolia Wedd.; Hist. Nat. Quinquinas 52 (1849)
= Cinchona ovata var. erythroderma Wedd.; Hist. Nat. Quinquinas 60 (1849)
= Cinchona ×affinis Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 8 (1848)
= Cinchona ×erythroderma (Wedd.) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 11: 362 (1869)
= Cinchona ×pavoniana Kuntze; Monogr. Cinchona 6 (1878)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life