452.0000
Family
Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35331; hybrids: 682
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.3221
Genus
Cirsium Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4: s. p. (1754)
Distribution: N- and Central America, temp. Eurasia, many in Japan (66), few N- and trop. Africa. Many microspecies with uncertain status in Japan, and species delimitation in the Rocky Mountains remains controversial. The E-tropical African populations have recently been separated as Afrocirsium and Nuriaea.
Species listed in database: 381; hybrids: 87
= Ancanthia Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 85 (1841), nom. inval.
= Ascalea Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 14 (1762)
= Breea Less.; Syn. Gen. Compos. 9 (1832)
= Cephalonoplos Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 95 (1869)
= Echenais Cass.; Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1818: 33 (1818)
= Eriolepis Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 41: 331 (1826)
= Erythrolaena Sweet; Brit. Fl. Gard. [Sweet] 2: t. 134 (1825)
= Ixine Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 17 (1762)
= Onopix Raf.; Fl. Ludov. 59 (1817)
= Onotrophe Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 36: 145 (1825)
= Spanioptilon Less.; Syn. Gen. Compos. 10 (1832)
= Tetralix Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 18 (1762), nom. illeg.
= Xylanthema Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 1: 67 (1790)
Search for: Cirsium %C3%97-glabrifolium
Nothing found!
species :
Cirsium acantholepis
(Hemsl.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 211 (1910)
Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Queretaro, Tlaxcala)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus acantholepis Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 363 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Cirsium acantholepis var. heterolepis Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 212 (1910)
= Cnicus acantholepis Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 251 (1881)
species :
Cirsium acaule
(L.) Scop.; Annus Hist.-Nat. 2: 62 (1769), as ´acaulon´
subspecies :
subsp. acaule
Name: Stängellose Kratzdistel (DE), Dwarf Thistle (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, +Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; N-Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Sardinia; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania
10 DEN GRB NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS FRA SAR SPA 13 BIH CRO ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 EST LAT LIT
Remarks: spelling of the epithet ´acaule´ vs. ´acaulon´ highly disputed
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus acaulos L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1199 (1753)
= Carduus acaulos var. caulescens Boenn.; Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal. 242 (1824), as ´acaulis´
= Carduus acaulos var. caulescens Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 389 (1807), nom. nov., as ´acaulis´
= Carduus acaulos var. dubius (Willd.) Merrem; Handb. Pflanzenk. [Merrem] 364 (1809), as ´acaulis´
= Carduus caulescens Pers. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 151 (1821)
= Carduus gmelinii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 152 (1821)
= Carduus mollis Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 3(1): 17 (1788)
= Carduus rosenii Vill.; Syst. Pl. Eur. [Gilibert] 1: 91 (1786)
= Carduus spinosissimus Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 743 (1846), nom. inval.
= Carduus spinosus Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 743 (1846)
= Carlina acaulis (L.) Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 156 (1812)
= Cirsium acaulon f. caulescens (W.D.J.Koch & Ziz) Lindm.; Sv. Fanerogamfl. 549 (1918)
= Cirsium acaulon f. multiflorum (Ducommun) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 6(2): 877 (1928)
= Cirsium acaulon f. pluriflorum Moritzi; Pfl. Schweiz [Moritzi] 404 (1832)
= Cirsium acaulon var. caulescens (Boenn.) Lej.; Comp. Fl. Belg. 3: 125 (1836), as ´acaule´
= Cirsium acaulon var. caulescens (Pers.) Bluff & Fingerh.; Comp. Fl. German. [Bluff & Fingerhuth] 1: 321 (1825)
= Cirsium acaulon var. rosenii (Vill.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 3 (Clav. Enum. Gen.): XXVII (1833)
= Cirsium acaulos Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 131 (1771), orth. var.
= Cirsium allionii Spenn.; Fl. Friburg. 3: 1079 (1829)
= Cirsium decipiens Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 4 (1865)
= Cirsium exigium Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 2: 137 2: 137 (1899)
= Cirsium fallax Franch.; Annot. Fl. France Allemagne 109 (1856)
= Cirsium gmelinii Tausch; Flora 11: 482 (1828)
= Cirsium rosenii Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 3: 14, t. 21 (1788)
= Cnicus acaulis (L.) Willd.; Fl. Berol. Prodr. 260 (1787)
= Cnicus acaulis var. caulescens Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 346 (1788), nom. inval., et 288 (1793)
= Cnicus acaulis var. dubius (Willd.) Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 316 (1812)
= Cnicus dubius Willd.; Fl. Berol. Prodr. 260 (1787)
= Onotrophe acaulis (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 36: 146 (1825)
= Polyacantha acaulis (L.) Hill; Herb. Brit. [Hill] 1: 71 (1769)
subspecies :
subsp. gregarium
(Boiss. ex DC.) Talavera; Lagascalia 4(2): 291 (1974)
Distribution: S- & SE-Spain (mountains)
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium acaulon subsp. gregarium (Boiss. ex DC.) Werner; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 70: 19 (1975), isonym, as ´acaule´
= Cirsium acaulon var. gregarium Boiss. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 305 (1838), as ´acaule´
= Cirsium gregarium (Boiss. ex DC.) Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 189 (1865)
species :
Cirsium acrolepis
(Petr.) G.B.Ownbey; Phytologia 50: 317 (1982)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium occidentale subsp. acrolepis Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 66 (1911)
species :
Cirsium aidzuense
Nakai ex Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 174 (1933)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium akimontanum
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 35(4): 190 (-192, 195; figs. 1-2, 5) (2009)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium akimotoi
Kadota & Mas.Saito; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 34(4): 146 (2008)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium alatum
(S.G.Gmel.) Bobrov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 43: 1547 (1958)
Distribution: E-Romania; E-Bulgaria; S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (Central Anatolia, E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Israel (Rift Valley); China (Xinjiang)
13 BUL ROM 14 MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ ISR TUR 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Fisch. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 283 (1841)
= Carduus polyanthemus Boeber; Neueste Nord. Beytr. Phys. Geogr. Erd- Völkerbeschreib. 6: 261 (1793), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium desertorum Fisch. ex Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 300 (1822)
= Cirsium desertorum var. integerrimum Trautv.
= Cirsium desertorum var. sinuatolobum Trautv.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39(2): 376 (1866)
= Cirsium desertorum var. subintegerrima Trautv.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39(2): 376 (1866)
= Cirsium duriusculum K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 410 (1851)
= Cirsium elodes M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 555 (1819)
= Cirsium elodes var. setigerum (Ledeb.) Krylov
= Cirsium elodes var. sinuatolobatum (Trautv.) O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkestanicae [O.A.Fedchenko & B.A.Fedchenko] 4: 284 (1911)
= Cirsium elodes var. subintegerrimum (Trautv.) O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkestanicae [O.A.Fedchenko & B.A.Fedchenko] 4: 284 (1911)
= Cirsium setigerum Ledeb.; Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 9 (1829)
= Cirsium viride Velen. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2(1): 181 (1889)
= Cnicus desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) F.Dietr.; Neu. Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 3: 42 (1834)
= Serratula alata S.G.Gmel.; Reise Russland [S.G.Gmelin] 1: 155 (1770)
species :
Cirsium alberti
Regel & Schmalh.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 318 (1879)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ 36 CHI
species :
Cirsium albowianum
Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 12: 153 (1892)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium svaneticum var. albowianum (Sommier & H.Lév.) Kharadze; (1952)
species :
Cirsium alpicola
Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 321 (1912)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium greatrexii Miyabe & Kudô; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 6: 175 (1917)
= Cirsium inundatum subsp. alpicola (Nakai) Kitam.; (1937)
= Cirsium inundatum var. alpicolum (Nakai) Ohwi; (1953)
species :
Cirsium alpis-lunae
Brilli-Catt. & Gubellini; Webbia 46(1): 9 (1991)
Name: Alpe della Luna Thistle
Distribution: C-Italy (Arezzo)
13 ITA
species :
Cirsium alsophilum
(Pollini) Soldano; Boll. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Verona 18: 346 (1991 publ. 1994)
Distribution: Switzerland; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Kosovo; Albania
11 SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB CRO ITA KOS SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium alsophilum (Pollini) Greuter; Willdenowia 33: 49-61 (2003)
= Cirsium montanum (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 376 (1826), nom. illeg., non Hill 1769
= Cnicus alsophilus Pollini; Fl. Veron. 2: 620 (1822)
= Cnicus montanus Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1676 (1803)
= Cnicus rivularis subsp. allionii Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 406 (1882)
species :
Cirsium altissimum
(L.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 373 (1826)
Name: Tall or roadside thistle
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia, Wisconsin)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus altissimus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 824 (1753)
= Cirsium altissimum f. moorei Steyerm.; Rhodora 41: 585 (1939)
= Cirsium altissimum var. biltmoreanum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 401 (1917)
= Cirsium diversifolium DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 649 (1838)
= Cirsium filipendulum Engelm.; Manual [A.Gray], ed. 5: 273 (1867)
= Cirsium iowense (Pammel) Fernald; Rhodora 10: 94 (1908)
= Cirsium iowense var. crattyii Pammel ex Wolden; Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 39: 131 (1933)
= Cnicus altissimus (L.) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1671 (1803)
= Cnicus iowensis Pammel; Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 8: 231 (1901)
= Cnicus iowensis var. crattyii Pammel; Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 8: 231 (1901)
species :
Cirsium amplexifolium
(Nakai) Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 16 (1931)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium nipponicum var. amplexifolium Nakai; (1912)
= Cirsium sendaicum f. albiflorum Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 40(2): 84 (2014)
= Cirsium sendaicum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 536 (1930)
= Cirsium tobai Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 620 (1932)
variant :
var. muraii
(Kitam.) Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 13 (Compos. Jap. 1): 123 (1937)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium muraii Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 5 (1934)
species :
Cirsium andersonii
(A.Gray) Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 68 (1911)
Name: Anderson´s or rose thistle
Distribution: USA (California, Idaho, Nevada)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus andersonii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 44 (1874)
= Carduus andersonii (A.Gray) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 362 (1892 publ. 1893)
species :
Cirsium andrewsii
(A.Gray) Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif. [Jepson] 506 (1901)
Name: Franciscan thistle
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus amplifolius Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 363 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Carduus andrewsii Greene; Fl. Francisc. 4: 478 (1897)
= Cirsium amplifolium Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 327 (1917)
= Cnicus amplifolius (A.Gray) Greene; Pittonia 1: 70 (1887)
= Cnicus andrewsii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 45 (1874)
species :
Cirsium aomorense
Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 364 (1912)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium maximowiczii Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 379 (1912)
= Cirsium yesoanum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 376 (1912)
species :
Cirsium apoense
Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 629 (1932)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium kamtschaticum subsp. apoense (Nakai) Kitam. ex Shimizu; (1982)
species :
Cirsium appendiculatum
Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 250 (1846)
Distribution: Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (mountains of N- and C-Greece)
13 ALB BUL GRC KOS MNT NMA SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium appendiculatum f. albiflorum Delip.; Thaiszia 2: 64 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Cirsium appendiculatum f. pantocsekii (Rohlena) Gajić; Fl. Srbije 7: 217 (1975)
= Cirsium appendiculatum var. pantocsekii Rohlena
species :
Cirsium arctorhaphis
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 13 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium argyracanthum
Wall. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 640-641 (1837)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Wardak, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Takhar); China (NW-Yunnan); Tibet; Pakistan (Murree, Pakistani Punjab, Kurram, Chitral, Hazara, Gilgit); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim)
34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus argyracanthus Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2903 (1831), nomen
= Cirsium royleanum Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 19: 335 (1846)
= Cirsium stenobracteatum Gilli; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 68: 97 (1963)
= Cirsium tibeticum Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 15(2): 43, f. 5 (1953)
= Cnicus argyracanthus (Wall. ex DC.) C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind. 218 (1876)
= Echenais cirsioides DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 661 (1838)
species :
Cirsium arisanense
Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 148 (1932)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium arisanense f. purpurescens Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 13: 79 (1937)
species :
Cirsium arizonicum
(A.Gray) Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 68 (1911)
Name: Arizona thistle
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah); Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus arizonicus (A.Gray) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 362 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Carduus nidulus (M.E.Jones) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 6 (1900)
= Cirsium arizonicum var. nidulum (M.E.Jones) S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Naturalist 43(2): 248 (1983)
= Cirsium nidulum (M.E.Jones) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1011 (1917) ex Petr.
= Cnicus arizonicus A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 44 (1874)
= Cnicus nidulus M.E.Jones; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 5: 705 (1895)
variant :
var. rothrockii
(A.Gray) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 210 (2004)
Name: Rothrock´s thistle
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico)
76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus rothrockii Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 362 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Cirsium rothrockii (A.Gray) Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 68 (1911)
= Cnicus rothrockii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 220 (1881 publ. 1882)
= Cnicus rothrockii var. diffusus Eastw.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 6: 303 (1896)
species :
Cirsium arvense
(L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 126 (1771)
Name: Acker-Kratzdistel (DE), Creeping Thistle (EN)
Distribution: Iceland; Faeroe Isl.; England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly, St. Kilda Isl.); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera, Mallorca, Menorca); France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece ; S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Algeria [I]; Azores; South Africa [I] (Mpulamanga [I], E-Cape Prov. [I]); Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Ghazni, Ghorat, Helmand, Herat, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Logar, Wardak, Nangarhar, Qunduz, Paktia / Khost, Takhar); China (Gansu, Xinjiang); Tibet; Mongolia; South Korea [I]; Pakistan (widespread); Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttarakhand); Bangladesh; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Alaska [I]; Greenland [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], N. W. T. [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], Nevada [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Brazil [I] (Minas Gerais [I]); Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Aisén [I], Magallanes [I]); Falkland Isl. [I]
10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 alg 21 AZO 27 saf 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN TUR 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 kor 40 BAN IND NEP PAK 50 aus 51 ctm nzl 70 ask cdn gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 84 bra 85 arg cle 91 fal
Synonyms: hidden
= Aplotaxis pungens DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 539 (1838)
= Breea arvensis (L.) Less.; Syn. Gen. Compos. 9 (1832)
= Breea dioica (Cass.) Less.; Syn. Gen. Compos. 10 (1832)
= Breea ochrolepidea (Juz.) Soják; Novit. Bot. Delect. Seminum Horti Bot. Univ. Carol. Prag. 47 (1962)
= Breea praealta (Cass.) Less.; Syn. Gen. Compos. 10 (1832)
= Breea setosa (Willd.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 18: 79 (1959)
= Carduus arvensis (L.) Robson; Brit. Fl. [Robson] 163 (1777)
= Carduus arvensis subsp. setosus (Willd.) Hook.f.; Student´s Fl. Brit. Isl. 192 (1870)
= Carduus arvensis var. latifolius Bab.; Man. Brit. Bot. [Babington] 172 (1843)
= Carduus arvensis var. setosus (Willd.) Franch.; Pl. David. 1: 178 (1884)
= Carduus haemorrhoidalis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 643 (1838)
= Carduus serratuloides Neck.; Delic. Gallo-Belg. 338 (1768) non L. 1753
= Carduus setosus (Willd.) Bab.; Gard. Chron. 1844: 718 (1844)
= Cephalonoplos arvensis (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 95 (1869)
= Cephalonoplos ochrolepidium (Juz.) Juz.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 290 (1937)
= Cephalonoplos setosum (Willd.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 8 (1934)
= Cephalonoplos setosus (Willd.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 8 (1934)
= Cirsium albicans Willk.; Linnaea 30: 109 (1859)
= Cirsium albiflorum (Kitag.) Kitag.; Lin. Fl. Manshur. 447 (1939)
= Cirsium argenteum Peyer ex Vest; Flora 12(1. Beibl.): 57 (1829)
= Cirsium argunense DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 644 (1837)
= Cirsium arvense f. albiflorum (E.L.Rand & Redfield) R.Hoffm.; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 36: 340 (1922)
= Cirsium arvense f. albiflorum Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 1: 319 (1937), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium arvense f. argenteum (Vest) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; Fl. Centralkarpath. [Sagorski & Gus.Schneid.] 245 (1891)
= Cirsium arvense f. horridum (Wimm. & Grab.) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; Fl. Centralkarpath. [Sagorski & Gus.Schneid.] 245 (1891)
= Cirsium arvense f. incanum (Beck) Gajić; Fl. Srbije 7: 202 (1975), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium arvense f. mite (Wimm. & Grab.) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 759 (1914)
= Cirsium arvense f. rubricaule Lepage; Naturaliste Canad. 89: 79 (1962)
= Cirsium arvense subsp. setosum (Willd.) Iljin; Fl. Iugo-Vost. Evr. Chasti S.S.S.R. 6: 408 (1936)
= Cirsium arvense subsp. vestitum (Wimm. & Grab.) Petr.
= Cirsium arvense var. albiflorum Wirtg.; Fl. Coblenz 107 (1841)
= Cirsium arvense var. argenteum (Peyer ex Vest) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 368 (1904), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium arvense var. argenteum Treuinf.; Cirs. Tirol 289 (1875), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium arvense var. decurrens Torges; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 16: 28 (1901)
= Cirsium arvense var. decurrens Wallr.; Linnaea 14: 636 (Scholion zu Hampe´s Prodr. Fl. Hercyn.) (1840)
= Cirsium arvense var. discolor Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr. 392 (1858)
= Cirsium arvense var. ferox Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 3: 23 (1838)
= Cirsium arvense var. horridum Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 2(2): 92 (1829)
= Cirsium arvense var. incanum Beck; non S. G. Gmel.
= Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Pl. Germ. Helv., ed. 1, 2: 400 (1837), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium arvense var. malhoi Giraudias; Bull. Soc. Études Sci. Angers, n. s. 19: 38 (1890)
= Cirsium arvense var. maritimum Fr.; Fl. Hall. 130 (1819)
= Cirsium arvense var. mite Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 2(2): 92 (1829)
= Cirsium arvense var. niveotomentosum Wender.; Fl. Hassiaca [Wenderoth] 280 (1846)
= Cirsium arvense var. setosum (Willd.) Hohen.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 282 (1838)
= Cirsium arvense var. setosum (Willd.) Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 735 (1845)
= Cirsium arvense var. setosum (Willd.) Wirtg.; Fl. Preuss. Rheinprov. 258 (1857)
= Cirsium arvense var. spinosissimum Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr. 391 (1858)
= Cirsium arvense var. spinosissimum Ortmann; Elbogn. Kreis Königr. Böhm. [Glückselig] 86 (1842), nom. inval.
= Cirsium arvense var. subulatum (Ledeb.) Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 735 (1845)
= Cirsium arvense var. tomentosum J.Becker; Fl. Frankfurt 1: 498 (1828)
= Cirsium arvense var. tomentosum Lej.; Comp. Fl. Belg. 3: 125 (1836), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium arvense var. vestitum Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 2(2): 92 (1829)
= Cirsium dioicum Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 27: 190 (1823)
= Cirsium halophilum Turcz. ex Herder; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 43(1): 83 (1870)
= Cirsium horridum (Wimm. & Grab.) Stankov; Opred. Vyssh. Rast. Evrop. Chasti S.S.S.R. 664 (1949), nom. illeg., later homonym
= Cirsium laevigatum Tausch; Flora 11: 483 (1828)
= Cirsium macrostylon (Moretti) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 856 (1832)
= Cirsium mutatum Menyh.; Kal. Vid. Növ. 102 (1877)
= Cirsium neglectum Fisch. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 370 (1826)
= Cirsium ochrolepidium Juz.; Sornye Rast. S.S.S.R. 4: 287 (1935)
= Cirsium praealtum Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 41: 333 (1826)
= Cirsium rubricaule Novopokr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 62: 317 (1929), in adnot.
= Cirsium ruthenicum Fisch.; Cat. Jard. Pl. Gorenki, ed. 2: 35 (1812)
= Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Besser; Cat. Hort. Cremeneci 39 (1816)
= Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Besser ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 560 (1819)
= Cirsium setosum f. albiflorum (Kitag.) Kitag.
= Cirsium setosum var. mite (Wimm. & Grab.) Tzvelev; Fl. Evropeískoí Chasti S.S.S.R. 7: 244 (1994)
= Cirsium setosum var. subulatum Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 10 (1833)
= Cirsium sordidum Wallr.; Scholion zu Hampe´s Prodr. Fl. Hercyn.: 266 (1840)
= Cirsium stocksii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 40 (1856)
= Cnicus arvensis (L.) Hoffm.; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling], ed. 3, 2: 130 (1804), isonym
= Cnicus arvensis (L.) Roth; Catal. Bot. 1: 115 (1797)
= Cnicus arvensis (L.) Wibel; Prim. Fl. Werth. [Wibel] 172 (1799), isonym
= Cnicus arvensis f. albiflorus E.L.Rand & Redfield; Fl. Mt. Desert Isl. 120 (1894)
= Cnicus arvensis subsp. microstylon (Rchb.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 407 (1882)
= Cnicus arvensis var. setosus (Willd.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 19(5): 511 (1874)
= Cnicus macrostylus Moretti; Giorn. Fis. Chim. Storia Nat. Med. Arti, Dec. 2, 7: 102 (1824)
= Cnicus ruthenicus J.Henning; Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 6: 78 (1828)
= Cnicus setosus (Willd.) Besser; Prim. Fl. Galiciae Austriac. 2: 172 (1809)
= Cynara repens Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 152 (1812)
= Ixine arvensis (L.) Hill; Herb. Brit. [Hill] 1: 74 (1769)
= Saussurea pungens (DC.) Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 19: 330 (1846)
= Serratula arvensis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 820 (1753)
= Serratula arvensis var. campestris Schweigg.; Königsberger Arch. Naturwiss. Math. 1(2): 217 (1812)
= Serratula campestris Schweigg. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 671 (1838)
= Serratula complanata Schweigg.; Chlor. Boruss. [Hagen] 303 (1819)
= Serratula corymbosofastigiata Krock.; Fl. Siles. [Krocker], Suppl. 1: 274 (1823)
= Serratula integrifolia Krock.; Fl. Siles. [Krocker], Suppl. 1: 277 (1823)
= Serratula lanata Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 6: 565 (1805)
= Serratula setosa Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3(3): 1664 (1803)
= Serratula spinosa Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 3: 184 (1782), opus utique oppr.
variant :
var. alpestre
Nägeli; Neue Denkschr. Allg. Schweiz. Ges. Gesammten Naturwiss. 5(1): 104 (1840)
Distribution: Switzerland; SE-France; China (Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang); Tibet; N-India
11 SWI 12 FRA 36 CHI TIB 40 IND
Remarks: a high altitude ecotype which can occur in the whole range of the species
Synonyms: hidden
= Aplotaxis cirsioides DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 540 (1838)
= Carduus lanatus (Willd.) Roxb. ex Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 6: 565 (1805)
= Cephalonoplos arvensis var. alpestris (Nageli) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 15(2): 42-43 (1953)
= Cirsium arvense var. argenteum Bréb.; Fl. Normandie, éd. 4: 72 (1869)
= Cirsium lanatum (Roxb. ex Willd.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 373 (1826)
= Cnicus lanatus Roxb. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1671 (1803)
variant :
var. integrifolium
Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 2(2): 92 (1829)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Estonia [I]; Belarus [I]; Kazakhstan; China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
11 ger 14 blr est 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Breea segeta f. lactiflora (Nakai) W.Lee; Lineam. Fl. Koreae 1110 (1996)
= Breea segetum (Bunge) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 18: 79 (1959)
= Breea segetum f. lactiflora (Nakai) W.Lee; Fl. Korea [Lee] 1110 (1996)
= Carduus segetum (Bunge) Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 6: 57 (1883)
= Carduus setosus Bab.; Gard. Chron. 1844: 718 (1844) non Willd.
= Cephalonoplos segetum (Bunge) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3(1): 8 (1934)
= Cephalonoplos segetum f. lactiflora (Nakai) Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 13: 24 (1937)
= Cirsium integrifolium (Wimm. & Grab.) L.Q.Zhao & Y.Z.Zhao; Key Vasc. Pl. Inner Mongolia 274 (2014)
= Cirsium segetum Bunge; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 110 (1833)
= Cirsium segetum f. lactiflora Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 356 (1912)
= Cnicus segetum (Bunge) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 19: 511 (1874)
variant :
var. vestitum
Krock. ex Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 2(2): 92 (1829)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iran; Afghanistan; China (Xinjiang)
11 ger 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium arvense subsp. incanum (S.G.Gmel.) Iljin; Fl. Iugo-Vost. Evr. Chasti S.S.S.R. 6: 408 (1936)
= Cirsium arvense var. incanum (S.G.Gmel.) Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 735 (1845)
= Cirsium incanum (S.G.Gmel.) Fisch. ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 561 (1819)
= Serratula incana S.G.Gmel.; Reise Russland [S.G.Gmelin] 1: 155 (1770)
species :
Cirsium ashinokuraense
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B 31(1): 42 (2005)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium ashiuense
S.Yokoy. & T.Shimizu; J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 44(1-2): 19 (1996)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium austrohidakaense
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 39(3): 121 (2013)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium ayasii
H.Duman & Dirmenci; Bagbahçe Bilim Derg. 7(3): 36 (2020)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cirsium babanum
Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 93 (1924)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium badakhschanicum
Kharadze; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 28: 144, 604 (1963)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Cirsium barnebyi
S.L.Welsh & Neese; Brittonia 33(3): 296 (1981)
Name: Barneby´s thistle
Distribution: USA (Colorado, Utah, Wyoming)
73 USA 76 USA
species :
Cirsium basaseachense
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 21 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium bertolonii
Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 377 (1826)
Distribution: Italy (Appennini, Alpi Apuane)
13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium spinosissimum subsp. bertolonii (Spreng.) Werner; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 70(1): 18 (1975)
= Cirsium spinosissimum var. bertolonii (Spreng.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 377 (1904)
= Cnicus bertolonii (Spreng.) F.Dietr.; Neu. Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 3: 40 (1834)
= Cnicus horridus Bertol.; Amoen. Ital. 104 (1819), nom. illeg.
species :
Cirsium bicentenariale
Rzed.; Acta Bot. Mex. 29: 101 (1994)
Distribution: Mexico (Queretaro)
79 MEX
Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena
species :
Cirsium bitchuense
Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 374 (1912)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium bitchuense var. manisanense Kitam.; (1937)
= Cirsium indefensum Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 40 (1933)
species :
Cirsium bocoynense
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 25 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua)
79 MEX
Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena
species :
Cirsium boninense
Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 172 (1914)
Distribution: Bonin Isl. (Keetaajima, Chichijima, Nakohdojima, Minamijima, Anijima, Otohtojima, Nishinoshima, Hahajima)
38 OGA
species :
Cirsium borealinipponense
Kitam.et al. ex Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 31: 44 (1980)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium japonicum var. nipponense Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 25: 60 (1911)
= Cirsium nipponense (Nakai) Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 93 (1924), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium maximowiczii var. nipponense (Nakai) Nakai; (1912)
species :
Cirsium botryodes
Petr. ex Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 63: 109 (1926)
Distribution: China (W-Guizhou, W-Hunan, S-Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium griseum H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325-330): 284 (1913), not (Rydb.) Cockerell (1911)
= Cirsium heleophilum Petr. ex Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 63: 108 (1926)
= Cirsium mairei (H.Lév.) H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(317-321): 189 (1913), et Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 41 (1916), not Halácsy (1908)
= Cirsium yunnanense Petr.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 75: 152 (1971)
= Cnicus mairei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11(286-290): 307 (1912)
species :
Cirsium brachycephalum
Jur.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 7: 99 (1857)
Distribution: Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania
11 AUT CZE HUN SLO 13 CRO KOS ROM SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium chailletii W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1(2): 393 (1837)
= Cirsium pseudopalustre Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 420 (1866)
species :
Cirsium bracteiferum
C.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(5): 388 (1984)
Distribution: China (Chongqing)
36 CHI
species :
Cirsium brevicaule
A.Gray; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 6: 396 (1858 publ. 1859)
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.
38 NNS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium albescens Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1(1): 56-57 (1932)
= Cirsium brevicaule var. oshimense Kitam.; (1937)
= Cirsium irumtiense Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 41 (1933)
= Cirsium liukiuense Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 620 (1932)
species :
Cirsium brevifolium
Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 421 (1840)
Name: Palouse thistle
Distribution: USA (Idaho, Oregon, Washington)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus palousensis Piper; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 610 (1906)
= Cirsium palousense (Piper) Piper; Fl. S.E. Washington [Piper & Beattie] 260 (1914)
species :
Cirsium brevipapposum
Tscherneva; Fl. Uzbekist. [A.N.Sennikov] 6: 373, 514 (1962)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
32 KGZ TZK UZB
species :
Cirsium brevistylum
Cronquist; Leafl. W. Bot. 7: 26 (1953)
Name: Indian or clustered or short-style thistle
Distribution: New Zealand [I]; Canada (British Columbia); USA (California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington)
51 nzl 71 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
species :
Cirsium buergeri
Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 185 (1866)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium buergeri var. araneosum Kitam.; (1937)
= Cirsium buergeri var. decurrens Kitam.; (1931)
= Cirsium confertissimum var. herbicolum Nakai; (1913)
= Cnicus buergeri (Miq.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 19: 502 (1874)
species :
Cirsium calcareum
(M.E.Jones) Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 19: 752 (1915)
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Utah, Colorado)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus calcareus M.E.Jones; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 5: 704 (1895)
species :
Cirsium candelabrum
Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 251 (1846)
Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; SW-Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (mountains of mainland, +Evvoia)
13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC KOS MNT NMA ROM SRB TUE
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium chelmeum Orph.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 41 (1856)
species :
Cirsium canescens
Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 420 (1841)
Name: Platte or prairie thistle
Distribution: USA (California, Colorado, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, South Dakota, Wyoming)
73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus nebraskensis Britton; Ill. Fl. N. U.S. [Britton & Brown] 3: 487 (1898)
= Carduus nelsonii Pammel; New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mt. 586 (1909)
= Carduus plattensis Rydb.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3(3): 167, t. 2 (1895)
= Carduus plattensis var. spinosior Rydb.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 167 (1895)
= Carduus undulatus var. canescens (Nutt.) Porter; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 345 (1894)
= Cirsium nebraskense (Britton) Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 301 (1912)
= Cirsium nebraskense var. formidolosum Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 142 (1913)
= Cirsium nelsonii (Pammel) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1012 (1917)
= Cirsium plattense (Rydb.) Cockerell ex Daniels; Univ. Missouri Stud., Sci. Ser. 2(2): 254 (1911)
= Cnicus canescens Pammel; Contr. Bot. Dep. Iowa State Coll. Agric. No. 19: 20 (1901)
= Cnicus nelsonii Pammel; Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 8: 235 (1901)
= Cnicus undulatus var. canescens (Nutt.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 42 (1874)
species :
Cirsium canoasense
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 21 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Durango)
79 MEX
Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena
species :
Cirsium canum
(L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 151 (1785)
Name: Graue Kratzdistel (DE)
Distribution: Sweden; Germany (Brandenburg [I], Berlin [I], +Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, +Hessen, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; S-European Russia; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Siberia (W-Siberia); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
10 SWE 11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus canus L.; Mant. Pl. 1: 105 (1767)
= Carduus chius Jacq.; Hort. Bot. Vindob. 3: 7 (1776)
= Cirsium biebersteinii Kharadze; Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. 23: 112 (1963)
= Cirsium chium (Jacq.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 646 (1838)
= Cirsium pseudopannonicum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 420 (1866)
= Cnicus canus (L.) Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 345 (1788)
species :
Cirsium carniolicum
Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 128 (1771)
subspecies :
subsp. carniolicum
Distribution: Austria; Italy; Slovenia (E-Alps)
11 AUT 13 ITA SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus carniolicus (Scop.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 388 (1807)
= Cnicus carniolicus Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1677 (1803)
= Serratula carniolica (Scop.) Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 6: 563 (1805)
subspecies :
subsp. rufescens
(Ramond ex DC.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 1006 (1940)
Distribution: NE-Spain (W- & C-Pyrénées); SW-France
12 FRA SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus rufescens (Ramond ex DC.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 389 (1807)
= Cirsium carniolicum proles rufescens (Ramond ex DC.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 41 (1905)
= Cirsium rufescens Ramond ex DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck] 4: 114 (1805)
= Cnicus rufescens (Ramond ex DC.) Loisel.; Fl. Gall. [Loiseleur] 541 (1807)
species :
Cirsium carolinianum
(Walter) Fernald & Schub.; Rhodora 50: 229 (1948)
Name: Carolina or purple or soft or smallhead thistle
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus carolinianus Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 195 (1788)
= Carduus flaccidus Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 1307 (1903)
= Carduus glutinosus (Bigelow) L.C.Beck; Bot. North. Middle States [Beck] 173 (1833), nom. illeg.
= Carthamus carolinianus Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 194 (1788)
= Cirsium flaccidum (Small) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 543 (1917)
= Cnicus glutinosus Bigelow; Fl. Boston., ed. 2: 291 (1824) non Gilib. 1792
species :
Cirsium centaureae
(Rydb.) K.Schum.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 29, pt. 1: 566 (1903)
Name: Rocky Mountain fringed thistle
Distribution: USA (Colorado, Utah, Wyoming)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus americanus (A.Gray) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 362 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Carduus centaureae Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 507 (1901)
= Cirsium americanum (A.Gray) K.Schum.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 29(1): 566 (1903)
= Cirsium clavatum var. americanum (A.Gray) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 211 (2004)
= Cirsium laterifolium (Osterh.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1008 (1917), ex Petr.
= Cnicus carlinoides var. americanus A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 48 (1874)
species :
Cirsium cernuum
Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 24 (1816)
Distribution: Mexico (México State, Veracruz)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium charkeviczii
Barkalov; Sosud. Rast. Sovet. Dal´nego Vostoka 6: 307 (1992)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl.)
31 RFE
species :
Cirsium chellyense
R.J.Moore & Frankton; Canad. J. Bot. 52(3): 547 (1974)
Name: Navajo thistle
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico)
76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium arizonicum var. chellyense (R.J.Moore & Frankton) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 209 (2004)
= Cirsium chuskaense R.J.Moore & Frankton; Canad. J. Bot. 52(3): 548 (1974)
= Cirsium navajoense R.J.Moore & Frankton; Canad. J. Bot. 52(3): 548 (1974)
species :
Cirsium chiapanum
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 16 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium chikabumiense
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 39(3): 117 (2013)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium chikushiense
Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33: 115 (1919)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium chilaishanense
S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 3: 246 (2022)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Cirsium chinense
Gardner & Champ.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 1: 323 (1849)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Sichuan, Zhejiang); NE-India (Assam); Myanmar (Mandalay)
36 CHI 40 IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium chinense var. laushanense (Y.Yabe) Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 4 (1931)
= Cirsium laushanense Y.Yabe; Prelim. Rep. Tsing-tau-Reg. 112 (1919)
= Cirsium lineare var. glabrescens Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43 (1107-1110): 273-274 (1938)
= Cirsium lineare var. laushanense (Y.Yabe) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 17 (1941)
= Cirsium lineare var. tchefouense (Debeaux) Y.Ling; Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 6: 102 (1949)
= Cirsium manshuricum Kitag.; J. Jap. Bot. 39(9): 266-268, f. (1964)
= Cirsium tchefouense Debeaux; Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 31: 225 (1876)
= Cirsium uninervium var. laushanense (Y.Yabe) Kitag.; Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo, Sect. IV, Pt. 4 (Index Fl. Jeholensis) 94 (1936)
= Cnicus chinensis (Gardner & Champ.) Benth.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 468 (1863)
= Cnicus tchefouensis (Debeaux) Franch.; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Math. Cherbourg, Sér. 3, 24: 229 (1884)
species :
Cirsium chionanthum
G.L.Nesom & García-Mor.; Phytoneuron 2021-69: 1 (2021)
Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium chokaiense
Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 5 (1931)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium chrysacanthum
(Ball) Jahand.; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 4: 84 (1923)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium chrysacanthum var. ornatum (Ball) Maire
= Cirsium chrysacanthum var. subornatum Emb. & Maire
= Cnicus chrysacanthus Ball; J. Bot. 11: 369 (1873)
= Cnicus ornatus Ball; J. Bot. 11: 368 (1873)
species :
Cirsium chrysolepis
C.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(6): 451-452, pl. 1, f. 3 (1984)
Distribution: S-Tibet (Nyalam)
36 TIB
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Cirsium cilicicum
P.H.Davis & Parris; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 416 (1975)
Distribution: Turkey (SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Cirsium ciliolatum
(L.F.Hend.) J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 9: 9 (1959)
Name: Ashland thistle
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ciliolatus (L.F.Hend.) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 5 (1900)
= Cirsium breweri subsp. howellii Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 486 (1917)
= Cirsium howellii Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 486 (1917)
= Cirsium undulatum var. ciliolatum L.F.Hend.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 348 (1900)
species :
Cirsium clavatum
(M.E.Jones) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 310 (1917)
Name: Fish Lake thistle
Distribution: USA (Colorado, Utah)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus clavatus (M.E.Jones) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 5 (1900)
= Cnicus clavatus M.E.Jones; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 5: 704 (1895)
species :
Cirsium coahuilense
G.B.Ownbey & Pinkava; Syst. Bot. 5(3): 326 (1980 publ. 1981)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium coloradense
(Rydb.) Cockerell ex Daniels; Univ. Missouri Stud., Sci. Ser. 2(2): 254 (1911)
Name: Colorado thistle
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus coloradensis Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 132 (1905)
= Carduus erosus Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 507 (1901)
= Cirsium erosum (Rydb.) Cockerell ex Daniels; Univ. Missouri Stud., Sci. Ser. 2(2): 254 (1911)
= Cirsium scariosum var. coloradense (Rydb.) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 215 (2004)
= Cirsium tioganum var. coloradense (Rydb.) Dorn; Vasc. Pl. Wyoming 295 (1988)
species :
Cirsium confertissimum
Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 262 (1913)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium congdonii
R.J.Moore & Frankton; Canad. J. Bot. 45: 1738 (1967)
Name: Rosette thistle
Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium scariosum var. congdonii (R.J.Moore & Frankton) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 215 (2004)
species :
Cirsium congestissimum
Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 1 (1931)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium consociatum
S.F.Blake; Brittonia 2: 355 (1937)
Distribution: Guatemala
80 GUA
species :
Cirsium conspicuum
(Sw.) Sch.Bip.; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 312 (1856)
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Sinaloa, Veracruz, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus heterolepsis Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 363 (1892 publ. 1893), non Cirsium heterolepis Benth.
= Carduus pyrochros Less.; Linnaea 5: 130 (1830)
= Cirsium anartiolepis Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 65 (1911)
= Cnicus conspicuus (Sw.) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 251 (1881)
= Erythrolaena conspicua Sw.; Brit. Fl. Gard. [Sweet], Ser. 1: t. 134 (1825)
species :
Cirsium crassicaule
(Greene) Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif. [Jepson] 506 (1901)
Name: Slough thistle
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus crassicaulis Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 357 (1892), et Man. Bot. San Francisco 217 (1894)
species :
Cirsium creticum
(Lam.) d´Urv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 363 (1822)
subspecies :
subsp. creticum
Name: Kretische Distel (DE); Cretan Thistle (EN)
Distribution: Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. Kiklades, Samothraki, Thasos, Limnos, Skiros); Crete; Libya; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Kos, Karpathos, Rhodos); Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon)
13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI ROM SIC SRB TUE 20 LBY 34 EAI IRN LEB TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus creticus Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 701 (1785)
= Cirsium creticum subsp. dictaeum Greuter, Matthäs & Risse; Willdenowia 14(2): 271 (1984 publ. 1985)
subspecies :
subsp. gaillardotii
(Boiss.) P.H.Davis & Parris; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(3) 429 (1975)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania
34 ISR JOR LEB TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium gaillardotii Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 3: 42 (1856)
subspecies :
subsp. triumfettii
(Lacaita) Werner; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 70: 19 (1975)
Distribution: Corsica; Italy; Sicily; San Marino
12 COR 13 ITA SIC SMA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium creticum var. triumfettii Lacaita; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 25: 118 (1918)
= Cirsium triumfettii Lacaita; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 25: 105 (1918)
species :
Cirsium culebraense
Ackerf.; Capitulum 1(2): 7, figs. 3-5, photogrs. (2022)
Distribution: USA (Colorado)
73 USA
species :
Cirsium cymosum
(Greene) J.T.Howell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 30: 37 (1943)
Name: Peregrine thistle
Distribution: USA (California, Nevada, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus cymosus Greene; Fl. Francisc. 4: 480 (1897)
= Cirsium botrys Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 483 (1917)
= Cirsium triacanthum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 481 (1917)
variant :
var. canovirens
(Rydb.) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 212 (2004)
Name: Graygreen thistle
Distribution: USA (California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Wyoming)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus canovirens Rydb.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 450 (1900)
= Cirsium canovirens (Rydb.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 540 (1917)
= Cirsium canovirens Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1011 (1917)
species :
Cirsium dasyphyllum
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 8 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium dealbatum
M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 560 (1819)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium heterophyllum var. dealbatum (M.Bieb.) Schmalh.; (1897)
species :
Cirsium dipsacolepis
(Maxim.) Matsum.; Nippon Shokubutsumeii, ed. 2: 82 (1895)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus dipsacolepis Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 19: 497 (1874)
variant :
var. calcicola
(Nakai) Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 13 (Compos. Jap. 1): 82 (1937)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium calcicola Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 35: 148 (1921)
species :
Cirsium discolor
(Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 373 (1826)
Name: Field thistle, chardon discolore
Distribution: Canada (Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin)
71 CDN 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 2: 180 (1818)
= Cirsium altissimum f. discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 547 (1894)
= Cirsium altissimum subsp. discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 404 (1917)
= Cirsium altissimum var. discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Fernald; Fl. Southington [Bissell & Andrews] 105 (1902)
= Cirsium discolor f. albiflorum House; Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 243-244: 55 (1923)
= Cnicus altissimus f. albiflora Britton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 17: 124 (1890)
= Cnicus altissimus var. discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 57 (1883)
= Cnicus discolor Muhl. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1670 (1803)
= Serratula discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 6: 565 (1805)
species :
Cirsium dissectum
(L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 63 (1768)
Name: Englische Kratzdistel (DE), Meadow Thistle (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Scotland); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Norway; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen); France; Channel Isl. (Jersey)
10 GRB IRE NOR 11 BGM GER NET 12 CIS FRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus anglicus Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 705 (1783)
= Carduus cirsium Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 5 (1768), nom. inval.
= Carduus dissectus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 822 (1753)
= Carduus glomeratus Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 20 (1779)
= Carduus pratensis Huds.; Fl. Angl. [Hudson], ed. 2: 353 (1778)
= Carduus semipinnatus Desf. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 153 (1821)
= Carduus tuberosus Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 3(1): 15 (1788), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium anglicum (Lam.) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 118 (1805)
= Cirsium anglicum f. aquaticum Brochon; CLXXIII (1893)
= Cirsium anglicum f. diversifolium (Brochon) Glück; Biol. Morphol. Untersuch. Wasser- Sumpfgewächse, Teil 3: 17 (1911)
= Cirsium anglicum f. submersum Glück; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 39(2): 394 (1923), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium anglicum f. succulentum Brochon; CLXXIII (1893)
= Cirsium anglicum f. terrestre Brochon; CLXXIII (1893)
= Cirsium anglicum f. terrestre Glück; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 39(2): 394 (1923), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium anglicum var. diversifolium Brochon; CLXXIII (1893)
= Cirsium anglicum var. pumilum (Vill.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 3 (Clav. Enum. Gen.): XXVII (1833)
= Cirsium britannicum Scop.; Annus Hist.-Nat. 2: 60 (1769)
= Cirsium bulbosum subsp. anglicum (Lam.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 176 (1894)
= Cirsium lanceolatum Hill; Herb. Brit. [Hill] 1: 80 (1769)
= Cirsium pratense (Huds.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4: 417 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Cirsium spurium (Hoffm.) Delastre; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 18: 149 (1842)
= Cirsium tuberosum proles anglicum (Lam.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 59 (1905)
= Cirsium tuberosum subsp. anglicum (Lam.) Braun-Blanq.; Origin. Développem. Fl. Massif Centr. France 121 (1923)
= Cirsium tuberosum subsp. anglicum (Lam.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 1007 (1940)
= Cnicus anglicus (Lam.) C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. [C.C.Gmelin] 3: 372 (1808)
= Cnicus britannicus Druce; Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1906: 222 (1906)
= Cnicus dentatus Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1672 (1803)
= Cnicus dissectus (L.) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1665 (1803)
= Cnicus pratensis (Huds.) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1672 (1803)
= Cnicus spurius Hoffm.; Deutschl. Fl., Jahrgang 4 [Hoffmann] 128 (1804)
species :
Cirsium domonii
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 33(1): 33 (2007)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium douglasii
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 643 (1838)
Name: California swamp thistle, Douglas´s thistle
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus undulatus var. douglasii (DC.) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 360 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Cirsium breweri subsp. wrangelii Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 461 (1917)
= Cirsium breweri var. wrangelii Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 461 (1917)
variant :
var. breweri
(A.Gray) D.J.Keil & C.E.Turner; Phytologia 73(4): 313 (1992)
Name: Brewer´s thistle
Distribution: USA (California, Nevada, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus breweri (A.Gray) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 363 (1893)
= Cirsium breweri (A.Gray) Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif. [Jepson] 507 (1901)
= Cirsium breweri var. canescens Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Abt. 2: 462 (1917)
= Cirsium breweri var. glutinosum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 461 (1917)
= Cirsium breweri var. lanosissimum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 462 (1917)
= Cirsium douglasii var. canescens (Petr.) J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 9: 11 (1959)
= Cnicus breweri A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 43 (1874)
species :
Cirsium drummondii
Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 2: 459 (1843)
Name: Drummond´s or dwarf or short-stemmed thistle
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, N. W. T., Ontario, Saskatchewan); USA (Colorado, South Dakota, Wyoming)
70 CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus drummondii (Torr. & A.Gray) Coville; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 4: 142 (1892)
= Cirsium coccinatum Osterh.; Torreya 34: 45 (1934)
= Cnicus drummondii (Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 40 (1874)
species :
Cirsium ducellieri
Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 15: 104 (1924)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
species :
Cirsium durangense
(Greenm.) G.B.Ownbey; Brittonia 20: 337 (1968)
Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ochrocentrum var. durangense Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 40: 51 (1904)
species :
Cirsium dyris
Jahand. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 14: 71 (1923)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
species :
Cirsium eatonii
(A.Gray) B.L.Rob.; Rhodora 13: 240 (1911)
Name: Mountaintop or Eaton´s thistle
Distribution: USA (Nevada, Utah)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus leiocarpus A.Heller; Cat. N. Amer. Pl. 7 (1898)
= Cirsium eriocephalum var. leiocephalum D.C.Eaton; Botany (Fortieth Parallel): 196 (1871)
= Cnicus eatonii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 56 (1883)
variant :
var. clokeyi
(S.F.Blake) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 212 (2004)
Name: Clokey or Spring Mountains or white-spine thistle
Distribution: USA (Nevada)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium clokeyi S.F.Blake; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 51: 8 (1938)
variant :
var. murdockii
S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Naturalist 42: 200 (1982)
Name: Northern mountain thistle
Distribution: USA (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus polyphyllus Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 542 (1910)
= Carduus tweedyi Rydb.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 449 (1900)
= Cirsium murdockii (S.L.Welsh) Cronquist; Intermount. Fl. [Cronquist et al.] 5: 404 (1994)
= Cirsium polyphyllum Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1007 (1917) ex Petr.
= Cirsium tweedyi (Rydb.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1007 (1917) ex Petr.
species :
Cirsium echinus
(M.Bieb.) Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 19: 335 (1846)
Distribution: European Turkey; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)
13 TUE 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carlina echinus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 283 (1808)
= Cirsium carlinoides (Schrank) B.Fedtsch.; Rastitel´n Turkest. [B.Fedtschenko] 754 (1915)
= Cirsium echinus (M.Bieb.) Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 23: 197 (1909), isonym
= Cirsium scleranthum M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 559 (1819)
= Cnicus carlinoides Schrank; Pl. Rar. Hort. Monac., t. 11 (1817), nom. superfl.
= Cnicus echinus (M.Bieb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 328 (1891)
= Echenais carlinoides Cass.; Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1818: 33 (1818), nom. superfl.
= Echenais nutans Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 14: 171 (1819)
= Echenais sclerantha (M.Bieb.) K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 404 (1851)
species :
Cirsium edule
Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 420 (1840)
Name: Hall´s thistle
Distribution: USA (Oregon, Washington)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus edulis (Nutt.) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 362 (1892), et Man. Bot. San Francisco 217 (1894)
= Carduus hallii A.Heller; Cat. N. Amer. Pl. 7 (1898)
= Cirsium hallii (A.Gray) M.E.Jones; Bull. Montana State Univ., Biol. Ser. 15: 47 (1910)
= Cnicus edulis (Nutt.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 47 (1874)
= Cnicus hallii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 56 (1883)
variant :
var. macounii
(Greene) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 213 (2004)
Name: Macoun´s thistle
Distribution: Alaska; Canada (British Columbia); USA (Oregon, Washington)
70 ASK 71 CDN 73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus macounii Greene; Ottawa Naturalist 16: 38. 1902
= Cirsium macounii (Greene) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1007 (1917)
variant :
var. wenatchense
D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 213 (2004)
Name: Wenatchee thistle
Distribution: USA (Washington)
73 USA
species :
Cirsium ehrenbergii
Sch.Bip.; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] p. 312 (1856)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Guanajuaro, Morelos, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena
species :
Cirsium elbrusense
Sommier & Levier; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 2: 16 (1895)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium pubigerum var. elbrusense (Sommier & H.Lév.) Petr.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 2(1): 20 (1960)
species :
Cirsium eliasianum
Kit Tan & Sorger; Pl. Syst. Evol. 154: 123, f. 1E (1986)
Distribution: Turkey (NE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Cirsium engelmannii
Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1013 (1917)
Name: Blackland or Engelmann´s thistle
Distribution: USA (Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas)
74 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus filipendulus Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 157 (1906)
= Cirsium altissimum var. filipendulum (Engelm.) A.Gray
= Cirsium terrae-nigrae Shinners; Field & Lab. 17: 27 (1949)
= Cirsium virginianum var. filipendulum A.Gray; Manual [A.Gray], ed. 2: 233 (1856) not Lange 1861
= Cnicus altissimus var. filipendulus A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 57 (1883)
species :
Cirsium eorythros
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 15 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena
species :
Cirsium eriophoroides
(Hook.f.) Petr.; Biblioth. Bot. 78: 9 (1912)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim); Myanmar (Kachin)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium bolocephalum Petr. ex Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 63: 107 (1926)
= Cirsium bolocephalum var. racemosum Petr. ex Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 63: 108 (1926)
= Cirsium bolocephalum var. setchwanicum Petr. ex Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 63: 108 (1926)
= Cnicus eriophoroides Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3(8): 363 (1881)
species :
Cirsium erisithales
(Jacq.) Scop.; Annus Hist.-Nat. 2: 62 (1769)
Name: Klebrige Kratzdistel (DE)
Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; NE-Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Belarus; Moldova; Ukraine
11 AUT HUN POL SLO SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR MLD UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus erisithales Jacq.; Enum. Stirp. Vindob. 146, 279 (1762)
= Carduus hybridus (Schleich.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 152 (1821)
= Carduus ochroleucus Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 389 (1807)
= Cirsium erisithales subsp. glutinosum (Lam.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 189 (1829)
= Cirsium erisithales var. glutinosum Moritzi; Pfl. Schweiz [Moritzi] 403 (1832)
= Cirsium erisithales var. hybridum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 191 (1829)
= Cirsium erisithales var. ochroleucum Moritzi; Pfl. Schweiz [Moritzi] 403 (1832)
= Cirsium flavescens W.D.J.Koch; Taschenb. Deut. Schweiz. Fl. 292 (1843)
= Cirsium glutinosum Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 27 (1779)
= Cirsium parviflorum Schleich. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 369 (1841)
= Cirsium scopolianum Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 408 (1879)
= Cnicus ciliatus Vitman; Summa Pl. 4: 447 (1790)
= Cnicus erisithales (Jacq.) L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 2157 (1763)
= Cnicus glutinosus (Lam.) Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 185 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Cnicus hybridus Schleich.; Cat. Pl. Helv., ed. 3: 12 (1815)
= Cnicus saanensis Schltdl. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 648 (1838)
species :
Cirsium esculentum
(Siev.) C.A.Mey.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Ser. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6: 42 (1849)
Distribution: S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Amur [I], Khabarovsk [I]); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey; China (Hebei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, N-Xinjiang); Mongolia
14 RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium acaule subsp. esculentum (Siev.) Werner; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 70(1): 19 (1975)
= Cirsium acaule var. gmelinii (Spreng.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 652 (1837)
= Cirsium acaule var. sibiricum Ledeb.
= Cirsium esculentum var. acaule C.A.Mey.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Ser. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6: 43 (1849)
= Cirsium esculentum var. acaule Trautv.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 39(2): 377 (1866)
= Cirsium esculentum var. caulescens C.A.Mey.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Ser. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6: 44 (1849)
= Cirsium esculentum var. sibericum C.A.Mey.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Ser. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6: 43 (1849)
= Cirsium gmelinii (Spreng.) Tausch; Flora 11(3, 1. Ergänzungsbl.): 482 (1828)
= Cirsium rhodoleucanthum Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 453 (1849)
= Cnicus esculentus Siev.; Neueste Nord. Beytr. Phys. Geogr. Erd- Völkerbeschreib. 3: 362 (1796)
= Cnicus gmelinii Spreng.; Hist. Rei Herb. 2: 270 (1808)
species :
Cirsium excelsius
(Greene) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 222 (1910)
Distribution: Mexico (San Luis Potosi)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus excelsior Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 364 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Carduus potosinus Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 364 (1892 publ. 1893), nom. superfl.
= Cnicus excelsior (Greene) B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 27: 179 (1893)
species :
Cirsium falconeri
(Hook.f.) Petr.; Biblioth. Bot. 78: 9 (1912)
Distribution: Pakistan (Chitral, Swat); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Darjeeling, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim); Myanmar
40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus falconeri Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 363 (1881)
variant :
var. horrida
(Hook.f.) Aswal & Goel; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 12(1): 12 (1988)
Distribution: India (Meghalaya, Uttarakhand)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium involucratum var. horridum (Hook.f.) N.P.Balakr.; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 22: 175 (1982)
= Cnicus horridus (Hook.f.) C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind. 220 (1876)
= Cnicus involucratus var. horridus Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 362 (1881)
species :
Cirsium fangii
Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 44 (1111-1114): 48-50 (1938)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Cirsium fanjingshanense
C.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(5): 394, pl. 1, f. 3 (1984)
Distribution: China (Guizhou)
36 CHI
species :
Cirsium fargesii
(Franch.) Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(5): 627 (1901)
Distribution: China (Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus fargesii Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 11(2): 22 (1897)
species :
Cirsium faucium
Petr.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 58: 231 (1955)
Distribution: Mexico (México State, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena
species :
Cirsium fauriei
Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 322 (1912)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium ferum
Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 149 (1932)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Cirsium filipendulum
Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 2, 2: 92 (1861)
Distribution: N-Portugal; N-Spain; SW-France
12 FRA POR SPA
Remarks: tuberosum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium anglicum subsp. filipendulum (Lange) R.C.V.Douin; Fl. Ill. France 6: 33 (1923)
= Cirsium bulbosum Willk.; Flora 34: 760 (1851), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium filipendulum subsp. grumosum (Hoffmanns. & Link) Franco; Nov. Fl. Portugal, ed. 2: 448, 570 (1984)
= Cirsium filipendulum var. ramosum Merino; Contr. Fl. Galicia 140 (1897)
= Cirsium grumosum (Hoffmanns. & Link) Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 199 (1865)
= Cirsium tuberosum proles filipendulum (Lange) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 57 (1905)
= Cirsium tuberosum subsp. filipendulum (Lange) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 1008 (1940)
= Cnicus grumosus Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 196 (1820)
species :
Cirsium flavisquamatum
Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26(1-2): 16 (1974)
Distribution: Nepal; India (Sikkim)
40 IND NEP
species :
Cirsium flodmanii
(Rydb.) Arthur; Torreya 12: 34 (1912)
Name: Prairie or Flodman´s thistle, chardon de Flodman
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Wyoming)
71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus flodmanii Rydb.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 451 (1900)
= Carduus oblanceolatus Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 510 (1901)
= Cirsium flodmanii f. albiflorum D.Löve; Rhodora 55: 362 (1953)
= Cirsium flodmanii f. oblanceolatum (Rydb.) D.Löve & J.-P.Bernard; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 53: 450 (1959)
= Cirsium nebraskense var. discissum Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 301 (1912)
= Cirsium oblanceolatum (Rydb.) K.Schum.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 29, pt. 1: 566 (1903)
species :
Cirsium foliosum
(Hook.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 654 (1838)
Name: Leafy or foliose or elk thistle
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, N. W. T., Yukon); USA (Wyoming)
70 CDN 71 CDN 73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus foliosus Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 1: 303 (1833)
= Cnicus foliosus (Hook.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 40 (1874)
species :
Cirsium fontinale
(Greene) Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif. [Jepson] 505 (1901)
Name: Fountain thistle
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus fontinalis (Greene) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 363 (1892), et Man. Bot. San Francisco 216 (1894)
= Cnicus fontinalis Greene; Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2(6): 151 (1886)
variant :
var. campylon
(H.Sharsm.) Pilz ex D.J.Keil & C.E.Turner; Phytologia 73(4): 313 (1992)
Name: Mt. Hamilton thistle
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium campylon Sharsm.; Madroño 5: 85 (1939)
variant :
var. obispoense
J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 2: 71 (1938)
Name: Chorro Creek bog thistle
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
species :
Cirsium forrestii
(Diels) H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 41 (1916)
Distribution: China
36 CHI
Remarks: not a synonym of C. henryi fide Jin et al. 2021
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus forrestii Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5(25): 196-197 (1912)
species :
Cirsium funagataense
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 37(1): 31 (2011)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium funkiae
Ackerf.; Capitulum 1(2): 8, figs. 3-4, 6, photogrs. (2022)
Distribution: USA (Colorado)
73 USA
species :
Cirsium furusei
Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 14: 147 (1952)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium fuscotrichum
C.C.Chang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 7: 161 (1936)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Cirsium gaditanum
Talavera & Valdés; Lagascalia 5(2): 186 (1976)
Distribution: S-Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium pyrenaicum subsp. gaditanum (Talavera & Valdés) Talavera & Valdés; Herb. Univ. Hispalensis Fl. Selecta Cent. 1: 34 (1982)
species :
Cirsium ganjuense
Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 13 (Compos. Jap. 1): 125 (1937)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium glaberrimum
(Petr.) Petr.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 109: 170 (1972)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.)
32 KAZ 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium apiculatum subsp. glaberrimum Petr.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 60: 460 (1910)
species :
Cirsium glabrum
DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 5: 463 (1815)
Distribution: NE-Spain (Pyrénées); SW-France
12 FRA SPA
species :
Cirsium grahamii
A.Gray; Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 102 (1853)
Name: Graham´s thistle
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico); Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sonora, Zacatecas)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus grahamii (A.Gray) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 363 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Cirsium undulatum var. grahamii (A.Gray) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. (Abt. 2) 27: 247 (1910)
= Cnicus grahamii A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 57 (1883)
= Cnicus undulatus var. grahamii (A.Gray) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 43 (1874)
species :
Cirsium grandirosuliferum
Kadota; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 21(1): 13 (1995)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium gratiosum
Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 39 (1933)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium grayanum
Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 360 (1912)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Hokkaido)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus kamtschaticus var. grayanus Maxim.; (1874)
species :
Cirsium greimleri
Bureš; Preslia 90(2): 118 (2018)
Distribution: Austria
11 AUT
species :
Cirsium griseum
(Rydb.) K.Schum.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 29(1): 566 (1903)
Distribution: USA (Colorado)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus griseus Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 509 (1901)
= Carduus modestus Osterh.; Muhlenbergia 9: 54 (1913)
= Carduus oreophilus Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 509 (1901)
= Cirsium modestum (Osterh.) Cockerell; Univ. Colorado Stud. 11: 219 (1915), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium oreophilum (Rydb.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1009, 1068 (1917)
variant :
var. osterhoutii
(Rydb.) Ackerf. & D.J.Keil; J. Syst. Evol. 58: 905 (2020)
Name: Osterhout´s thistle
Distribution: USA (Colorado)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus araneosus Osterh.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 612 (1905)
= Carduus osterhoutii Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 131 (1905)
= Cirsium araneans Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1006 (1917)
= Cirsium clavatum var. osterhoutii (Rydb.) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 212 (2004)
= Cirsium osterhoutii (Rydb.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 554 (1917)
species :
Cirsium guanwuense
S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 6: 565 (2023)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Cirsium gyojanum
Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 31 (1936)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium hachijoense
Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 620 (1932)
Distribution: Japan (Izu Isl.)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium hachimantaiense
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B 30(3): 120 (2004)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium hagurosanense
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 40(2): 89 (2014)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium handelii
Petr. ex Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 63: 110 (1926)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Cirsium happoense
Kadota; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 21(1): 17 (1995)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium harrisonii
(S.L.Welsh) Ackerf. & D.J.Keil; J. Syst. Evol. 58(6): 905 (2020)
Distribution: USA (Utah)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium eatonii var. harrisonii S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Naturalist 42(2): 200 (1982)
species :
Cirsium hasunumae
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 37(1): 34 (2011)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium heiianum
Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33: 114 (1919)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium albrechtii (Maxim.) Kudô; Jap. J. Bot. 2: 281 (1925)
= Cirsium ruderale Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 621 (1932)
= Cnicus buergeri var. albrechtii Maxim.; (1874)
species :
Cirsium heliorhaphis
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 16 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Durango)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium henryi
(Franch.) Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(5): 627 (1901)
Distribution: China (W-Hubei)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium melanolepis Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45 (1131-1137): 48-50 (1938)
= Cnicus henryi Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 11: 21 (1897)
species :
Cirsium hesperium
(Eastw.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1007 (1917) ex Petr.
Name: Tall mountain thistle
Distribution: USA (Colorado)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus hesperius (Eastw.) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 6 (1900)
= Carduus hookerianus var. hesperius (Eastw.) A.Nelson; New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mt. 585 (1909)
= Cirsium eatonii var. hesperium (Eastw.) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 212 (2004)
= Cnicus hesperius Eastw.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 3, Bot. 1: 122 (1898)
species :
Cirsium heterophyllum
(L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 64 (1768)
Name: Verschiedenblättrige Kratzdistel (DE), Melancholy Thistle (EN)
Distribution: Iceland [I]; England (N-England, N-Wales, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl.); Ireland (NW-Ireland, Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hessen [I], +Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], +Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; N-Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Northern Caucasus; Greenland
10 DEN FIN GRB ice IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER POL SLO SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 CRO ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 33 NCS 70 GNL
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ambiguus (All.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 389 (1807)
= Carduus helenifolius Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 185 (1796)
= Carduus heterophyllus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 824 (1753)
= Carduus polymorphus Lapeyr.; Hist. & Mém. Roy. Acad. Sci. Toulouse 1: 217, t. 19, 20 (1782), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium helenioides All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 152 (1785), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium heterophyllum subf. angustisectum (Huter) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 6(2): 887 (1928)
= Cirsium heterophyllum var. diversifolium Wimm.; Fl. Schles. [Wimmer] 232 (1840)
= Cirsium heterophyllum var. incisum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 653 (1838)
= Cirsium heterophyllum var. integrifolium M.Loehr; Enum. Fl. Deutschland 360 (1852)
= Cirsium heterophyllum var. integrifolium Wimm.; Fl. Schles. [Wimmer] 232 (1840)
= Cirsium heterophyllum var. obskiense Lomon.; Turczaninowia 4(1-2): 77 (2001)
= Cirsium mielichhoferi Saut.; Flora 28: 130 (1845)
= Cirsium pauciflorum W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 395 (1837)
= Cirsium ×carolorum C.Jenner ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 407 (1879)
= Cnicus ambiguus Loisel.; Fl. Gall. [Loiseleur] 540 (1807)
= Cnicus heterophyllus (L.) Retz.; Fl. Scand. Prodr. ed. 2, 191 (1795)
= Cnicus heterophyllus (L.) Roth; Catal. Bot. 1: 114 (1797)
= Cynara diversifolia Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 146 (1812)
species :
Cirsium heterotrichum
Pančić; Elem. Fl. Bulg. 42 (1883)
Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Bulgaria
13 ALB BUL KOS SRB
species :
Cirsium hidakamontanum
Kadota; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 25(3): 95 (1999)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium hida-paludosum
Kadota & Nagase; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 14(1): 13 (1988)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium homolepis
Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 534 (1930)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium hookerianum
Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 418 (1840), nom. nov.
Name: Hooker´s or white thistle
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia); USA (Idaho, Montana, Washington, Wyoming)
71 CDN 73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus discolor Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 1: 302 (1833) non Nutt. 1818
= Carduus hookerianus (Nutt.) A.Heller; Cat. N. Amer. Pl. 7 (1898)
= Carduus kelseyi Rydb.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 449 (1900)
= Cirsium kelseyi (Rydb.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1006 (1917) ex Petr.
= Cnicus hookerianus (Nutt.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 46 (1874)
species :
Cirsium horiianum
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B 31(1): 36 (2005)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium horridulum
Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 90 (1803)
Name: Horrid thistle
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Hampshire New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, Quintana Roo); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Bahamas
75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ GUA HON 81 BAH
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus horridulus (Michx.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 390 (1807)
= Carduus horridulus var. elliottii Torr. & A.Gray
= Carduus spinosissimus var. elliottii (Torr. & A.Gray) Porter; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 345 (1894)
= Carduus spinosissimus Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 194 (1788), non Cirsium spinosissimum (L.) Scop. 1772
= Cirsium chrismarii (Klatt) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 215 (1910)
= Cirsium horridulum f. atropurpureum Moldenke; Phytologia 26(4): 224 (1973)
= Cirsium horridulum f. elliottii (Torr. & A.Gray) Fernald; Rhodora 45: 353 (1943)
= Cirsium horridulum subsp. chrismarii (Petr.) Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 58 (1911)
= Cirsium horridulum subsp. megacephalum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 384 (1917)
= Cirsium horridulum var. elliottii Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 2: 460 (1843)
= Cnicus chrismarii Klatt; Leopoldina 25: 108 (1889)
= Cnicus horridulus (Michx.) Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 507 (1813)
variant :
var. megacanthum
(Nutt.) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 214 (2004)
Name: Bigspine thistle
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Texas)
74 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium megacanthum Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 421 (1840)
variant :
var. vittatum
(Small) R.W.Long; Rhodora 72: 45 (1970)
Name: Florida thistle
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina); Bahamas
78 USA 81 BAH
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus pinetorum Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 1308 (1903)
= Carduus smallii (Britton) H.E.Ahles; J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 80: 173 (1964)
= Carduus vittatus Small; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 439 (1905)
= Cirsium pinetorum (Small) Small; Fl. Miami [Small] 199 (1913), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium smallii Britton; Bahama Fl. [Britton & Millspaugh] 458 (1920)
= Cirsium vittatum (Small) Small; Fl. Miami [Small] 199 (1913)
species :
Cirsium hupingshanicum
Z.C.Jin & Y.S.Chen; Phytotaxa 544(1): 95 (2022)
Distribution: China (Hunan)
36 CHI
species :
Cirsium hydrophilum
(Greene) Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif. [Jepson] 507 (1901)
Name: Suisun thistle
Distribution: USA (California: Solano Co.)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus hydrophilus Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 358 (1892 publ. 1893), et Man. Bot. San Francisco 218 (1894)
= Cirsium vaseyi var. hydrophilum (Greene) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 458 (1917)
variant :
var. vaseyi
(A.Gray) J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 9: 11 (1959)
Name: Mount Tamalpais or Vasey´s thistle
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus vaseyi (A.Gray) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 61 (1904)
= Cirsium montigenum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 454 (1917)
= Cirsium vaseyi (A.Gray) Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 1165 (1925)
= Cnicus breweri var. vaseyi A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 404 (1884)
species :
Cirsium hygrophilum
Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 89 (1849)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan (Nachichevan); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)
33 AZE NCS 34 IRN IRQ
species :
Cirsium hygropodum
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2021-69: 3 (2021)
Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Nayarit)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium hypoleucum
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 645 (1838)
Distribution: ?Croatia; European Turkey; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia)
13 TUE 33 ARM GEO 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium wiedemannii Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 6: 48 (1840)
species :
Cirsium imbricatum
(B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 223 (1910)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus imbricatus B.L.Rob. ex Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 159 (1895)
species :
Cirsium inamoenum
(Greene) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 214 (2004)
Name: Greene´s thistle
Distribution: USA (California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus inamoenus Greene; Fl. Francisc. 4: 479 (1897)
= Carduus undulatus var. nevadensis Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 361 (1893), non C. nevadensis Greene 1896, non Cirsium nevadense (Greene) Petr. 1917
= Cirsium subniveum Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1006, 1068 (1917)
variant :
var. davisii
(Cronquist) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 214 (2004)
Name: Davis´s thistle
Distribution: USA (Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium davisii Cronquist; Leafl. W. Bot. 6: 46 (1950)
species :
Cirsium inundatum
Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 19: 154 (1905)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium ishizuchiense
(Kitam.) Kadota; Mem. Natl. Sci. Mus. (Tokyo) 32: 132 (2000)
Distribution: Japan (Shikoku)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium tenue var. ishizuchiense Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 1: 104 (1937)
species :
Cirsium ito-kojianum
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 34(1): 32 (2008)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium jaliscoense
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 16 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Jalisco)
79 MEX
Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena
species :
Cirsium japonicum
Fisch. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 642 (1837)
Distribution: Poland [I]; China (Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Hubei, Hunan, S-Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Nei Mongol, NE-Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; Vietnam
11 pol 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Alfredia japonica (Fisch. ex DC.) Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 185 (1866)
= Carduus eriophorus Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 305 (1784), nom. illeg.
= Carduus japonicus (Fisch. ex DC.) Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 6: 571 (1883)
= Cirsium belingshanicum Petr. ex Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 63: 110 (1926)
= Cirsium bodinieri (Vaniot) H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(317-321): 189 (1913)
= Cirsium cerberus (Vaniot) H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(317-321): 189 (1913)
= Cirsium hainanense Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 33: 167 (1943)
= Cirsium ibukiense Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 623 (1932)
= Cirsium japonicum f. albiflorum Akasawa; Bull. Kochi Women´s Univ., Ser. Nat. Sci. 25: 5 (1977)
= Cirsium japonicum f. albiflorum G.Y.Li & D.Y.Ou; Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 30(8): 1702 (2010)
= Cirsium japonicum f. fukienense (Kitam.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 41(4-6): 179 (1990)
= Cirsium japonicum f. nakaianum (H.Lév. & Vaniot) W.Lee; Lineam. Fl. Koreae 1130 (1996)
= Cirsium japonicum var. australe Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 12 (1931)
= Cirsium japonicum var. fukienense Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1(2): 149 (1932)
= Cirsium japonicum var. horridum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 25: 59 (1911)
= Cirsium japonicum var. ibukinense Nakai ex Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 13: 66 (1937)
= Cirsium japonicum var. intermedium (Maxim.) Matsum.; Index Pl. Jap. [J.Matsumura] 2: 640 (1912)
= Cirsium japonicum var. kiusianum (Nakai) Nemoto; Fl. Japan. [Makino & Nemoto], Suppl. 761 (1936)
= Cirsium japonicum var. littorale (Maxim.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 41(4-6): 177 (1990)
= Cirsium japonicum var. nakaianum Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 1: 12 (1931)
= Cirsium japonicum var. takaoense Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1(1): 57-58 (1932)
= Cirsium japonicum var. villosum Kadota; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 3b: 135 (1995)
= Cirsium japonicum var. vulkani Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 25: 59 (1911)
= Cirsium kawakamii Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 159-161 (1911)
= Cirsium kitagoense Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 25: 134 (1950)
= Cirsium kiusianum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 366 (1912)
= Cirsium laciniatum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 376 (1912)
= Cirsium lacinulatum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 622 (1932)
= Cirsium littorale Maxim.; Prim. Fl. Amur. 173-174 (1859)
= Cirsium maackii var. horridum (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 375 (1912)
= Cirsium maackii var. intermedium (Maxim.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 376 (1912)
= Cirsium maackii var. kiusianum (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 624 (1932)
= Cirsium maackii var. nakaianum (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Nakai; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 31: 109 (1911)
= Cirsium maackii var. taquetii Nakai; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 31: 109 (1911)
= Cirsium maackii var. vulcani Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 376 (1912)
= Cirsium nakaianum (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 378 (1912)
= Cirsium senile Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 623 (1932)
= Cirsium smithianum Petr.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 175 (1943)
= Cirsium taquetii (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 373 (1912)
= Cirsium xanthacanthum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 619 (1932)
= Cnicus bodinieri Vaniot; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 12: 121 (1903)
= Cnicus cerberus Vaniot; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 12: 120 (1903)
= Cnicus japonicus (Fisch. ex DC.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 19(5): 503-504 (1874)
= Cnicus japonicus var. intermedius Maxim.; Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 9: 325-326 (1873)
= Cnicus nakaianus H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 168 (1910)
= Cnicus taquetii H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 168 (1910)
variant :
var. diabolicum
(Kitam.) Kadota; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 3b: 134 (1995)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium diabolicum Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 6 (1931)
variant :
var. maritimum
Konta & Katsuy.; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B 31(4): 142 (2005)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
variant :
var. vestitum
Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 11 (1931)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus maackii var. koraiensis Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23(268): 99 (1909)
= Cirsium japonicum var. okiense H.Koyama & Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 37(4-6): 188 (1986)
species :
Cirsium joannae
S.L.Welsh, N.D.Atwood & L.C.Higgins; Utah Fl., ed. 3: 168 (2003)
Name: Joanna´s thistle
Distribution: USA (Utah)
76 USA
species :
Cirsium jorullense
(Kunth) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 376 (1826)
subspecies :
subsp. jorullense
Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium jorullense subsp. enjorullense Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 59 (1911)
= Cirsium jorullense var. glabrescens Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 60 (1911)
= Cirsium jorullense var. pilosum Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 59 (1911)
= Cirsium oxylepis Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 60 (1911)
= Cnicus jorullensis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.], ed. fol. 4: 17 (1818)
subspecies :
subsp. lanosum
Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 60 (1911)
Distribution: Mexico (Valle de Mexico)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium kagamontanum
Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 375 (1912)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium buergeri var. sparsum Nakai; (1912)
species :
Cirsium kamtschaticum
Ledeb. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 644 (1837)
Name: Kamchatka thistle
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido); Aleutes
31 RFE 38 JAP 70 ASK
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium boreale Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 2 (1931). 2 (1931)
= Cirsium kamtschaticum subsp. weyrichii (Maxim.) Vorosch.; Florist. Issl. Razn. Raionakh S.S.S.R. [A.K.Skvortsov] 198 (1985)
= Cirsium korsakoviense H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 102 (1909)
= Cirsium weyrichii Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 174 (1859)
= Cnicus kamtschaticus Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 19: 495 (1874)
= Cnicus korsakoviensis H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 168 (1910)
= Cnicus weyrichii (Maxim.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 19: 495 (1874)
species :
Cirsium kasaianum
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 37(1): 38 (2011)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium katoanum
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 33(1): 35 (2007)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium kenji-horieanum
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 39(3): 118 (2013)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium kirishimense
Kadota & Mas.Saito; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 34(4): 136 (2008)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium kisoense
(T.Yamaz. & K.Asano) Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 35(1): 48 (2009)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium norikurense var. kisoense T.Yamaz. & K.Asano; J. Jap. Bot. 40: 5 (1965)
species :
Cirsium komarovii
Schischk.; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 24: 420 (1939)
subspecies :
subsp. komarovii
Distribution: Siberia (Altai); Kazakhstan
30 SIB 32 KAZ
subspecies :
subsp. schischkinii
(Serg.) Zhirova; Fl. Sibir. (Asterac.) 13: 219 (1997 publ. 1998)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Tuva)
30 SIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium schischkinii Serg.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 1941(2): 5 (1941)
species :
Cirsium kubikialpicola
Kadota; J. Jap. Bot. 96(3): 132 (2021)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium kubikialpicola f. albiflorum Kadota; J. Jap. Bot. 96(3): 133 (2021)
species :
Cirsium kujuense
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 34(4): 140 (2008)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium lappoides
(Less.) Sch.Bip.; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 312 (1856)
Distribution: Mexico (Guanajuato, Querétaro, Hidalgo, Veracruz, Puebla, Morelos, Oaxaca)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus lappoides Less.; Linnaea 5: 129 (1830)
= Cirsium liebmannii (Klatt) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27 (Abt. 2): 227 (1910)
= Cnicus lappoides (Less.) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 251 (1881)
= Cnicus liebmannii Klatt; Leopoldina 24: 128 (1888)
species :
Cirsium latifolium
Lowe; Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 4: 28 (1831)
Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl.)
21 MDR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus latifolius Banks ex Lowe; Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 4: 28 (1831)
species :
Cirsium lecontei
Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 2: 458 (1843)
Name: Black or Le Conte´s thistle
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus lecontei (Torr. & A.Gray) Pollard; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 157 (1897)
= Cirsium virginianum (Hook.) Hook.; Compan. Bot. Mag. t. (1835) 4
= Cnicus lecontei (Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 39 (1874)
= Cnicus virginianus Hook.; Compan. Bot. Mag. 1: 48 (1835)
species :
Cirsium leducii
(Franch.) H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 41 (1915)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium lineare f. subintegrifolium Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43 (1107-1110): 275-276 (1938)
= Cnicus leducii Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 11: 23 (1897)
species :
Cirsium leo
Nakai & Kitag.; Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo, Sect. IV, 1 (Pl. Nov. Jehol.) 60 (1934)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium chienii C.C.Chang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 7: 160 (1936)
= Cirsium leo var. angustilobum Y.Ling
= Cirsium pinnatibracteatum Y.Ling; Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 3: 148 (1935)
species :
Cirsium leucopsis
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 644 (1838)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia)
34 TUR
species :
Cirsium libanoticum
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 647 (1838)
subspecies :
subsp. libanoticum
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria)
32 TKM 34 IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium apiculatum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 642 (1838)
= Cirsium kotschyanum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 6: 103 (1846)
subspecies :
subsp. arachnoideum
P.H.Davis & Parris; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(3): 419 (1975)
Distribution: Turkey; Syria
34 SYR TUR
subspecies :
subsp. lycaonicum
(Boiss. & Heldr.) P.H.Davis & Parris; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(3): 419 (1975)
Distribution: Turkey; ?Iran
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium lycaonicum Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 90 (1849)
species :
Cirsium lidaoense
S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 7: 564 (2024)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Cirsium limophilum
Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 61 (1911)
Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz, Puebla)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium lineare
(Thunb.) Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 19: 335 (1847)
Distribution: China (S-Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, S-Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, NE-Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; NE-India (Assam); Myanmar; E-Thailand; Vietnam
36 CHI 38 JAP KOR TAI 40 IND 41 MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus linearis Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 305 (1784), et Syst. Veg., ed. 14: 726
= Cirsium buergeri var. chanroenicum Nakai; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 31: 47 (1911)
= Cirsium chanroenicum (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 368 (1912)
= Cirsium coreanum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 372 (1912)
= Cirsium hupehense Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 18(1): 86-87 (1911)
= Cirsium lineare f. albidum Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 41(4-6): 182 (1990)
= Cirsium lineare f. discolor Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 41(4-6): 181 (1990)
= Cirsium lineare f. foliosum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 672 (1932)
= Cirsium lineare f. oreithales (Hance) H.Koyama; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 32(1-4): 63 (1981)
= Cirsium lineare f. pallidum Kitam.; J. Jap. Bot. 20(4): 199 (1944)
= Cirsium lineare f. tomentosum Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43 (1107-1110): 280 (1938)
= Cirsium lineare f. viride Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43 (1107-1110): 280 (1938)
= Cirsium lineare var. discolor Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 62 (1932)
= Cirsium lineare var. franchetii Kitam.; J. Jap. Bot. 20(4): 198-199 (1944)
= Cirsium lineare var. latifolium H.C.Fu; Fl. Intramongol. 6: 328 (1982)
= Cirsium lineare var. pallidum (Kitam.) Y.Ling; Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 6: 102 (1949)
= Cirsium lineare var. salicifolium Y.Ling; Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 6: 100 (1949)
= Cirsium lineare var. tsoongianum (Y.Ling) Y.Ling; Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 6: 102 (1949)
= Cirsium moekchangense Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 29: 9 (1915)
= Cirsium oreithales Hance; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 2: 944 (1852)
= Cirsium sinense C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind. 219 (1876)
= Cirsium toraiense Nakai ex Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 31 (1936)
= Cirsium tsoongianum Y.Ling; Contr. Bot. Surv. N. W. China 1(2): 36 (1939)
= Cirsium uninerve Nakai; Enum. Pl. Corea 355 (1922), nomen
= Cirsium uninervium (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 627 (cum syn.) (1932)
= Cirsium vlassovianum var. lineare (Thunb.) C.Y.Li; Fl. Liaoningica 2: 574 (1992)
= Cnicus chanroenicus Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 187 (1909)
= Cnicus linearis (Thunb.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 261 (1873)
= Cnicus sinensis C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind. 219 (1876)
= Cnicus uninervius H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 169 (1910)
= Spanioptilon lineare (Thunb.) Less.; Syn. Gen. Compos. 10 (1832)
species :
Cirsium lipskyi
Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 197 (1911)
Distribution: China (SW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Sikkim)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium interpositum Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43 (1107-1110): 283-285 (1938)
= Cnicus griffithii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3(8): 363 (1881) (non Boiss. (1875))
species :
Cirsium lomatolepis
(Hemsl.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 28 (1910)
Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, México State, Morelos, Puebla)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus linearifolius (S.Watson) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 363 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Cnicus linearifolius S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 143 (1891)
= Cnicus lomatolepis Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 251 (1881)
species :
Cirsium longepedunculatum
Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 6 (1931)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium longistylum
J.W.Moore & Frankton; Canad. J. Bot. 41: 1562 (1963)
Name: Long-style thistle
Distribution: USA (Montana)
73 USA
species :
Cirsium lucens
Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 14 (1931)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP
variant :
var. bracteosum
S.Imae & S.Watan.; J. Jap. Bot. 51(5): 159 (1976)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium luzoniense
Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 399 (1910)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
species :
Cirsium maackii
Maxim.; Prim. Fl. Amur. 172-173 (1859)
Distribution: North Korea; South Korea
38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium asperum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 618 (1912)
= Cirsium japonicum subsp. maackii (Maxim.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 99 (1909)
= Cirsium japonicum var. amurense Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 12 (1931)
= Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (Maxim.) Matsum.; Index Pl. Jap. [J.Matsumura] 2: 641 (1912)
= Cirsium japonicum var. spinossimum (Kitam.) Kitam.; J. Jap. Bot. 20: 198 (1944)
= Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense (Regel) Kitam.; J. Jap. Bot. 20(4): 198 (1944)
= Cirsium littorale var. ussuriense Regel; Tent. Fl. Ussur. 102 (1861)
= Cirsium maackii f. albiflora W.Wang & C.Y.Li; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 15(3): 331-332 (1995)
= Cirsium maackii f. koraiense (Nakai) Nakai; Fl. Kor. 2: 47 (1911)
= Cirsium maackii var. kiusianum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 624 (1932)
= Cirsium maackii var. koraiense (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26(312): 375 (1912)
= Cirsium maackii var. nakaii (H.Lév.) Nakai ex T.Mori; Enum. Pl. Corea 354 (1922)
= Cirsium maackii var. spinosissimum Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 13: 63 (1937)
= Cnicus japonicum var. maackii (Maxim.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 19: 506 (1874)
= Cnicus maackii (Maxim.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 99 (1909)
= Cnicus maackii var. koreiensis Nakai
species :
Cirsium macvaughii
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 20 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium magdalenense
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 18 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium magofukui
Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 6 (1934)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium maritimum
Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 249 (1910)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium markaguntense
(S.L.Welsh) Ackerf. & D.J.Keil; J. Syst. Evol. 58(6): 905 (2020)
Distribution: USA (Utah)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium clavatum var. markaguntense S.L.Welsh; Utah Fl., ed. 3: 168 (2003)
species :
Cirsium maruyamanum
Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 6: 20 (1937)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium masami-saitoanum
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B 32(2): 86 (2006)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium matsumurae
Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 362 (1912)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium matsumurae var. pubescens Kitam.
= Cirsium hokkokuense Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 5 (1934), in obs.
variant :
var. dubium
Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 13 (Compos. Jap. 1): 124 (1937)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium mexicanum
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 636 (1837)
Distribution: Mexico (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro, Hidalgo, Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Tabasco, Yucatan, Campeche, Quintana Roo); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Colombia (Chocó)
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 cub his pue 82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus mexicanus (DC.) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 363 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Carduus mexicanus Moric. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 637 (1838)
= Cirsium costaricense (Pol.) Klatt ex T.Durand & Pittier; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31: 214 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Cirsium costaricense Klatt ex T.Durand & Piit.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 31(1): 214 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Cirsium mexicanum var. bracteatum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27 (Abt. 2): 231 (1910)
= Cirsium portoricense Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 237 (1910)
= Cnicus costaricensis Polak.; Linnaea 12: 581 (1879)
= Cnicus mexicanus (DC.) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 251 (1881)
= Cnicus portoricensis Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 329 (1891)
species :
Cirsium michiliense
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 21 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Durango)
79 MEX
Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena
species :
Cirsium microspicatum
Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 535 (1930)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
variant :
var. kiotoense
Kitam.; (1931)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
variant :
var. yechizenense
Kitam.; (1937)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium mimbresense
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 20 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Durango)
79 MEX
Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena. Known only from type
species :
Cirsium mohavense
(Greene) Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 68 (1911)
Name: Mojave thistle
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus mohavensis Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 361 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Carduus rusbyi Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 361 (1892)
= Cirsium mohavense (Greene) Davidson & Moxley; Fl. S. Calif. [Davidson & Moxley] 438 (1923) ex Petr.
= Cirsium rusbyi (Greene) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 559 (1917)
= Cirsium virginensis S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Naturalist 42(2): 201 (1982)
species :
Cirsium mollissimum
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 10 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Chihuahua)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium monocephalum
(Vaniot) H.Lév.; Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 41 (1915)
Distribution: China (Chongqing, S-Gansu, Guizhou, SW-Hubei, S-Shaanxi, S-Shanxi, Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium cavaleriei (H.Lév.) H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(317-321): 189 (1913)
= Cirsium provostii f. subulatum Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 44(111-1114): 53-54 (1938)
= Cirsium provostii var. monocephalum (Vaniot) Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 44 (1111-1114): 52 (1938)
= Cirsium provostii var. oleracioides Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 44 (1111-1114): 52-53 (1938)
= Cirsium provostii var. racemosum Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 44 (1111-1114): 54-55 (1938)
= Cirsium provostii var. spinosum Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 44 (1111-1114): 54 (1938)
= Cnicus cavaleriei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11(301-303): 496 (1913)
= Cnicus monocephalus Vaniot; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 12: 122 (1903)
species :
Cirsium monspessulanum
(L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 63 (1768), All. Fl. Pedem. 1: 152
Name: Montpellier-Kratzdistel (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; NE-Spain; Andorra; France; Italy
11 ger 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus monspessulanus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 822 (1753)
= Cirsium bulbosum Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 22 (1779)
= Cirsium compactum Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 24 (1779)
= Cirsium monspessulanum var. compactum Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 43 (1904)
= Cirsium monspessulanum var. laxum Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 43 (1904)
= Cirsium montanum Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 2: 131 (1899)
= Cirsium pratense DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 113 (1805)
= Cnicus monspessulanus (L.) Roth; Ann. Bot. [Usteri] 8: 9 (1794)
species :
Cirsium muliense
C.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(5): 393 (1984)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Cirsium muramatsui
Kadota; J. Jap. Bot. 96(3): 138 (2021)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium muticum
Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 89 (1803)
Name: Swamp Thistle
Distribution: Canada (Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio., Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin)
71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus glaber Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 2: 129 (1818), non DC. 1805 (fide Alford 2024)
= Carduus muticus (Michx.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 386 (1807)
= Carduus muticus var. albiflorus Farw.; Asa Gray Bull. 3: 22 (1895)
= Carduus muticus var. subpinnatifidus Britton; Ill. Fl. N. U.S. [Britton & Brown] 3: 489 (1898)
= Cirsium bigelowii DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 652 (1838)
= Cirsium muticum f. lactiflorum Fernald; Rhodora 35: 369 (1933)
= Cirsium muticum f. subpinnatifidum (Britton) Fernald; Rhodora 45: 353 (1943)
= Cirsium muticum var. monticola (Fernald) Fernald; Rhodora 9: 28 (1907)
= Cirsium muticum var. subpinnatifidum (Britton) Fernald; Rhodora 10: 95 (1908)
= Cnicus glaber (Nutt.) Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 270 (1824) (fide Alford 2024)
= Cnicus muticus (Michx.) Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 268 (1823)
= Cnicus muticus var. alpicola Britton & A.Brown; Ill. Fl. N. U.S. [Britton & Brown], ed. 2, 3: 553 (1913)
= Cnicus muticus var. monticola Fernald; Ottawa Naturalist 19: 166 (1905)
species :
Cirsium myokoense
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 35(1): 41 (2009)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium nagatoense
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 35(4): 190 (2009)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium nagisoense
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 35(1): 44 (2009)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium nambuense
Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 365 (1912)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium nanhutashanense
S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 4: 338 (2022)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium nanhutashanense var. hopingense S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 5: 501 (2022)
species :
Cirsium nasuense
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 37(1): 41 (2011)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium neomexicanum
A.Gray; Pl. Wright. [A.Gray] 2: 101 (1853)
Name: Desert or New Mexico thistle
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus neomexicanus (A.Gray) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 362 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Carduus nevadensis Greene; Pittonia 3: 26 (1896)
= Cirsium arcuum A.Nelson; Amer. J. Bot. 25: I 18 (1938)
= Cirsium humboldtense Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1007 (1917)
= Cirsium mohavense subsp. utahense Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 471 (1917)
= Cirsium neomexicanum subsp. bakeri Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 468 (1917)
= Cirsium neomexicanum var. utahense (Petr.) S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Naturalist 43(2): 251 (1983)
= Cirsium nevadense (Greene) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 552 (1917), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium undulatum var. albescens D.C.Eaton; Botany (Fortieth Parallel) 194 (1871)
= Cirsium utahense Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 470 (1917)
= Cirsium wallowense M.Peck; Madroño 5: 247 (1940)
= Cnicus neomexicanus (A.Gray) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 45 (1874)
species :
Cirsium nigriceps
Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 258 (1947)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
species :
Cirsium nippoense
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B 30(2): 64 (2004)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium nipponicum
(Maxim.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 19: 155 (1905)
Distribution: South Korea; Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium abukumense Kadota; Mem. Natl. Sci. Mus. (Tokyo) 29: 96 (1996)
= Cirsium makinoi Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 40(2): 74 (2014), nom. nov.
= Cirsium makinoi var. abukumense (Kadota) Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 40(2): 78 (2014)
= Cirsium matsushimense Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 16 (1931)
= Cirsium nipponicum f. lanuginosum (Nakai) Kitam.
= Cirsium nipponicum var. alpestre Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 25: 1 (1971)
= Cirsium nipponicum var. amplexicaule (Nakai) Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 13: 109 (1937)
= Cirsium nipponicum var. lanuginosum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 621 (1932)
= Cirsium nipponicum var. sendaicum (Nakai) Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 13: 108 (1937)
= Cirsium pseudopendulum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 25: 61 (1911)
= Cirsium sendaicum var. amplexicaule Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 628 (1932)
= Cnicus nipponicus Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 19: 496 (1874)
variant :
var. incomptum
(Maxim.) Kadota; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 3b: 142 (1995)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium comosum (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.; Index Pl. Jap. [J.Matsumura] 2: tt. 639 (1912)
= Cirsium incomptum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 368 (1912)
= Cirsium ovalifolium (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.; Index Pl. Jap. [J.Matsumura] 2(2): 641 (1912)
= Cirsium tanakae (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.; Nippon Shokubutsumeii, ed. 2: 83 (1895)
= Cirsium tonense Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 625 (1932)
= Cnicus comosus Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 409 (1877)
= Cnicus incomptus Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 410 (1877)
= Cnicus ovalifolius Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 412 (1877)
= Cnicus suffultus var. incomptus Maxim.; (1874)
= Cnicus tanakae Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 411 (1877)
variant :
var. sadoense
T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 64(2): 49 (1989)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
variant :
var. shikokianum
(Kitam.) Kitam. ex Kitam. & Murata; (1957)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium yoshinoi var. shikokianum Kitam.; (1931)
variant :
var. shiroumense
Kadota; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 21(1): 25 (1995)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium makinoi var. shiroumense (Kadota) Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 40(2): 78 (2014)
variant :
var. yoshinoi
(Nakai) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 17: 5 (1957)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium inflatum Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 8 (1931)
= Cirsium tristissimum Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 42 (1933)
= Cirsium yoshinoi Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 263 (1913)
species :
Cirsium nivale
(Kunth) Sch.Bip.; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 312 (1856)
Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus nivalis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.], ed. fol. 4: 28 (1818)
species :
Cirsium norikurense
Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 322 (1912)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium norikurense var. integrifolium Kitam.; (1933)
= Cirsium kurobense Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 44 (1931)
species :
Cirsium notorhaphis
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 14 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Puebla, Oaxaca)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium nuttalii
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 651 (1838)
Name: Nuttall´s thistle
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia)
77 USA 78 USA
Remarks: according to Alford (2024) not a replacement name for Carduus glaber Nutt.
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus nuttallii (DC.) Pollard; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 157 (1897)
= Carduus virginianus Bosc ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 651 (1838), nom. inval.
= Cnicus nuttallii (DC.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 41 (1874)
species :
Cirsium oblongifolium
K.Koch; Linnaea 17: 41 (1843)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO
species :
Cirsium obvallatum
(M.Bieb.) M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 559 (1819)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (NE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus obvallatus (M.Bieb.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 153 (1821)
= Carduus obvallatus M.Bieb. ex Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 842 (1809)
= Cnicus obvallatus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 279 (1808)
species :
Cirsium occidentale
(Nutt.) Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif. [Jepson] 509 (1901)
Name: Cobwebby thistle
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus californicus var. bernardinus Parish; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 241 (1907)
= Carduus occidentalis Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 418 (1840)
= Carduus occidentalis var. candidissimus H.M.Hall; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 240 (1907)
= Carduus occidentalis var. coulteri H.M.Hall; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 239 (1907)
= Cnicus lilacinus Greene; Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 404 (1887)
= Cnicus neglectus Parish ex Greene; Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 404 (1887)
= Cnicus occidentalis (Nutt.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 45 (1874)
variant :
var. californicum
(A.Gray) D.J.Keil & C.E.Turner; Phytologia 73: 315 (1992)
Name: California thistle
Distribution: USA (California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus bernardinus Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 361 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Carduus californicus (A.Gray) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 359 (1892) in obs., et Man. Bot. San Francisco 217 (1894)
= Cirsium bernardinum (Greene) Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 68 (1911)
= Cirsium bernardinum Davidson & Moxley; Fl. S. Calif. [Davidson & Moxley] 438 (1923)
= Cirsium bernardinum subsp. pseudoreglense Petr.
= Cirsium californicum A.Gray; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5, no. 4), Bot. [Whipple]: 112 (1857)
= Cirsium californicum subsp. pseudoreglense Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 479 (1917)
= Cirsium californicum var. bernardinum (Greene) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 477 (1917)
= Cirsium californicum var. pseudoreglense Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 480 (1917)
= Cnicus californicus (A.Gray) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 46 (1874)
variant :
var. candidissimum
(Greene) J.F.Macbr.; Contr. Gray Herb. 53: 22 (1918)
Name: Snowy thistle
Distribution: USA (California, Nevada, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus candidissimus Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 359 (1892)
= Cirsium candidissimum (Greene) A.Davidson & Moxley; Fl. S. Calif. [Davidson & Moxley] 438 (1923)
= Cirsium occidentale subsp. candidissimum (Greene) Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 67 (1911)
= Cirsium pastoris J.T.Howell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 30: 38 (1943), in adnot.
variant :
var. compactum
Hoover; Vasc. Pl. San Luis Obispo Co. 310 (1970)
Name: Compact cobwebby thistle
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Remarks: of conservation concern
variant :
var. coulteri
(Harv. & A.Gray) Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif. [Jepson] 509 (1901)
Name: Coulter´s thistle
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium coulteri Harv. & A.Gray; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 4: 110 (1849)
variant :
var. lucianum
D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 214 (2004)
Name: Cuesta Ridge thistle
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Remarks: of conservation concern
variant :
var. venustum
(Greene) Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 1167 (1925)
Name: Venus thistle
Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus venustus Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 359 (1892), et Man. Bot. San Francisco 218 (1894)
= Cirsium coulteri Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif. [Jepson] 508 (1901) non Harv. & A. Gray
= Cirsium occidentale subsp. venustum (Greene) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 493 (1917)
= Cirsium proteanum J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 9: 14 (1959)
species :
Cirsium occidentalinipponense
Kadota; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 23(3): 115 (1997)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium ochrocentrum
A.Gray; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 4: 110 (1849)
Name: Yellowspine thistle
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora, Zacatecas)
73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ochrocentrus (A.Gray) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 363 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Carduus undulatus var. ochrocentrus (A.Gray) Rydb.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 510 (1896)
= Cirsium ochrocentrum var. townsendii Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 420 (1917)
= Cnicus ochrocentrus (A.Gray) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 57 (1883)
= Cnicus undulatus var. ochrocentrus (A.Gray) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 43 (1874)
variant :
var. martinii
(Barlow-Irick) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 215 (2004)
Name: Martin´s thistle
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora, Durango)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ochrocentrum subsp. martinii Barlow-Irick; Novon 9: 320, fig. 2 (1999)
species :
Cirsium ohminense
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B 32(2): 96 (2006)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium oleraceum
(L.) Scop.; Annus Hist.-Nat. 2. 61 (1769)
Name: Kohl-Kratzdistel, Kohldistel (DE)
Distribution: Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; N-Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk [I], W-Siberia); Kazakhstan
10 DEN fin NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus acanthifolius Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 703 (1785)
= Carduus oleraceus (L.) Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 3: 21 (1788)
= Carduus rigens Godr.; Fl. Lorraine 2: 40 (1843)
= Cirsium lachenalii DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 648 (1838), pro syn.
= Cirsium oleraceum f. angustisectum (Murr ex Dalla Torre & Sarnth.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 6(2): 900 (1928)
= Cirsium oleraceum f. integrifolium Gugler ex Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 759 (1914)
= Cirsium oleraceum var. angustisectum Murr ex Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Tirol [Dalla Torre & Sarnthein] 6(3): 633 (1911)
= Cirsium oleraceum var. cordatoovatum Bogenh.; Taschenb. Fl. Jena 259 (1850)
= Cirsium oleraceum var. dissectum Peterm.; Flora 27: 487 (1844)
= Cirsium oleraceum var. heterophyllum Bogenh.; Taschenb. Fl. Jena 259 (1850)
= Cirsium oleraceum var. integrifolium Wender.; Fl. Hassiaca [Wenderoth] 281 (1846)
= Cirsium oleraceum var. pinnatifidum Wender.; Fl. Hassiaca [Wenderoth] 281 (1846)
= Cirsium oleraceum var. vulgare Bogenh.; Taschenb. Fl. Jena 259 (1850)
= Cirsium pallens DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 647 (1838)
= Cirsium parviflorum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 647 (1838)
= Cirsium rigens (Willd.) Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. [Sprengel] 3: 38 (1822), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium subalatum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 180 (1829)
= Cirsium thomasii Nägeli; Cirs. Schweiz 93 (1840)
= Cirsium variabile Moench; Methodus [Moench] 558 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium ×rigens var. laevigatum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 186 (1829)
= Cnicus bracteatus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 184 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Cnicus oleraceus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 826 (1753)
= Cnicus pratensis Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 14 (1779)
= Cnicus rigens Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1675 (1803)
= Cynara colorata Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 148 (1812)
= Onotrophe oleracea (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 36: 146 (1825)
= Serratula oleracea (L.) Neck.; Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.-Palat. 2: 465 (1770)
species :
Cirsium oligophyllum
(Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.; Nippon Shokubutsumeii, ed. 2: 82 (1895)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium autumnale Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 20 (1931)
= Cnicus oligophyllus Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 412 (1895)
variant :
var. nikkoense
(Nakai) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 29: 126 (1978)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus nikkoensis Nakai ex Matsum.; Icon. Pl. Koisikav. 1: 45 (1912)
= Cirsium nikkoense Nakai ex Matsum. & Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 163 (1910)
= Cirsium japonicum subsp. nikkoense (Nakai ex Matsum. & Koidz.) Nakai; (1911)
species :
Cirsium opacum
(Kitam.) Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B 32(2): 99 (2006)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium lucens var. opacum Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 19: 179 (1963)
species :
Cirsium orizabense
Klatt; Leopoldina 24: (1888) 128 in syn.
Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus orizabensis Klatt; Leopoldina 24: 128 (1888)
species :
Cirsium otayae
Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 8 (1931)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium babanum var. otayae (Kitam.) Kitam.; (1937)
species :
Cirsium ownbeyi
S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Naturalist 42(2): 200 (1982)
Name: Ownbey´s thistle
Distribution: USA (Colorado, Utah, Wyoming)
73 USA 76 USA
species :
Cirsium pablillo
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 9 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo León)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium pacificum
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 17 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Sinaloa, Sonora, Nayarit)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium palustre
(L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 128 (1771)
Name: Sumpf-Kratzdistel (DE), Marsh Thistle (EN)
Distribution: Faeroe Isl.; England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; ?Morocco; ?Algeria; Azores [I] (Flores Isl. [I]); Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], New Hampshire [I], New York [I], Wisconsin [I])
10 DEN FIN FOR GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 21 azo 30 SIB 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 74 usa 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus acanthoides Hornem.; Fl. Dan. [Oeder et al.] t. 1341 (1808), nom. illeg.
= Carduus altissimus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 186 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Carduus chailletii (Gaudin) Godr.; Fl. Lorraine 2: 42 (1843)
= Carduus laciniatus Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 706 (1783)
= Carduus palustris L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 822 (1753)
= Cirsium chailletii Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 182 (1829)
= Cirsium elodes var. viride (Velen.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2(1): 181 (1889)
= Cirsium kochianum Loehr; Flora 25: 111 (1842)
= Cirsium lacteum Schleich. ex W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 394 (1821)
= Cirsium palustre subsp. transmontanum Cout.; Fl. Portugal, ed. 2: 766 (1939), nom. inval.
= Cirsium palustre var. albiflorum Kabath; Fl. Umgegend Gleiwitz 166 (1846)
= Cirsium palustre var. canescens J.J.Schmitz & Regel; Fl. Bonn. 270 (1841)
= Cirsium palustre var. chailletii (Gaudin) Garcke; Fl. Halle [Garcke] 257 (1848)
= Cirsium palustre var. cristatus Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 438 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Cirsium palustre var. mitius Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 438 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Cirsium palustre var. pallidum Iverus; Bot. Not. 1875: 81 (1875)
= Cirsium palustre var. seminudum Neilr.; Fl. Wien 261 (1846)
= Cirsium palustre var. spinosissimum Neilr.; Fl. Wien 261 (1846), nom. inval.
= Cirsium palustre var. spinosissimum Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 190 (1865)
= Cirsium palustre var. torfaceum Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 214 (1850)
= Cirsium palustre var. torphaceum Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 212 (1850), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium palustre var. viride (Velen.) Stoj. & Stef.; Fl. Bulg. 2: 1165 (1925)
= Cirsium palustriforme Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Tirol [Dalla Torre & Sarnthein] 6(3): 622 (1912)
= Cirsium parviflorum Lange ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 409 (1879)
= Cirsium subalpinum Schleich. ex Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 15: 73 (1853), nom. inval.
= Cnicus palustris (L.) Willd.; Fl. Berol. Prodr. 260 (1787)
= Cnicus semipectinatus Thom. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 389 (1841)
= Cynara palustris (L.) Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 154 (1812)
= Onotrophe palustris (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 36: 146 (1825)
= Polyacantha palustris (L.) Hill; Herb. Brit. [Hill] 1: 70 (1769)
= Polycantha palustris (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 59 (1768)
= Serratula palustris (L.) Neck.; Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.-Palat. 2: 465 (1770)
species :
Cirsium pannonicum
(L.f.) Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 229 (1822)
Name: Pannonische Kratzdistel (DE)
Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; N-Spain; N-Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; Belarus; C-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine
11 AUT CZE HUN POL SLO SWI 12 SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR MLD RUS UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus pannonicus L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 348 (1782)
= Carduus serratuloides (Scop.) Jacq.; Fl. Austriac. [Jacquin] 2: 127 (1774)
= Cirsium canum subsp. pannonicum (L.f.) Stoj. & Stef.; Fl. Bulg. [Stojanov & Stefanoff] 1166 (1925)
= Cirsium dollinerii Sch.Bip. ex Hausm.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 373 (1858)
= Cirsium pannonicum var. legionense Camara; Anales Estac. Exp. Aula Dei 3: 344 (1955)
= Cirsium pseudocanum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 421 421 (1866)
= Cirsium pseudooleraceum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 423 (1866)
= Cirsium serratuloides Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 127 (1771)
= Cirsium subsagittatum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 421 (1866)
= Cirsium zugazae Losa & P.Monts.; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 10: 468 (1952)
= Cnicus asiaticus Siev.; Neueste Nord. Beytr. Phys. Geogr. Erd- Völkerbeschreib. 7: 350 (1796)
= Cnicus pannonicus (L.f.) Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 2: 444 (1831), isonym
= Cnicus pannonicus (L.f.) Vest; Man. Bot. [Vest] 186 (1805)
= Serratula pannonica (L.f.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 389 (1826)
species :
Cirsium parryi
(A.Gray) Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 68 (1911)
Name: Parry thistle
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus gilensis Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 195 (1913)
= Carduus inornatus Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 195 (1913)
= Carduus pallidus Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 195 (1913)
= Carduus parryi Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 362 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Carduus viridiflorus Greene; New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mt. 585 (1909)
= Cirsium gilense (Wooton & Standl.) Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 19: 751 (1915)
= Cirsium inornatum (Wooton & Standl.) Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 19: 751 (1915)
= Cirsium pallidum (Wooton & Standl.) Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 19: 751 (1915)
= Cirsium parryi subsp. mogollonicum Schaack & Goodwin; Madroño 37(4): 300 (1990 publ. 1991)
= Cirsium parryi subsp. viridiflorum (Greene) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 323 (1917)
= Cnicus parryi A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 47 (1874)
species :
Cirsium pascuarense
(Kunth) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 372 (1826)
Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus pascuarensis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.], ed. fol. 4: 22, t. 310 (1818)
species :
Cirsium peckii
L.F.Hend.; Madroño 5: 97 (1939)
Name: Steens Mountain or ghost thistle
Distribution: USA (Nevada, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium eatonii var. peckii (L.F.Hend.) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 212 (2004)
species :
Cirsium pectinellum
A.Gray; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 6: 395 (1858 publ. 1859)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido)
31 RFE 38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium kamtschaticum subsp. pectinellum (A.Gray) Kitam.; (1957)
= Cirsium mamiyanum Koidz.; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 27: Art. 13, 124 (1910)
= Cirsium modestum Miyabe & Kudô; Fl. Saghalin, No. 339 (1915)
= Cirsium pectinellum var. angustilobum Nakai; (1932)
= Cirsium pectinellum var. fallax Nakai; (1932)
= Cirsium pectinellum var. modestum Nakai
= Cnicus pectinellus (A.Gray) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 19: 494 (1874)
species :
Cirsium pendulum
Fisch. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 650 (1837)
Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (SE-Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, WC-Yunnan); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)
30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium falcatum Turcz. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 650 (1837)
= Cirsium hilgendorfii (Franch. & Sav.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 19: 298 (1905)
= Cirsium provosti (Franch.) Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 44: 51 (1938)
= Cnicus hilgendorfi Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 410 (1878)
= Cnicus pendulus (Fisch. ex DC.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 19(5): 510 (1874)
= Cnicus provosti Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 11: 23 (1897)
species :
Cirsium pengii
Y.H.Tseng, P.C.Liao & Chih Y.Chang; Bot. Stud. (Taipei) 66-8: 17 (2025)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Cirsium periacanthaceum
C.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(5): 396, pl. 1, f. 4 (1984)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Cirsium perplexans
(Rydb.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 441 (1917)
Name: Adobe Hills thistle
Distribution: USA (Colorado)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus americanus var. perplexans A.Nelson; New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mt. 585 (1909)
= Carduus arvensis var. albiflorus Farw.; Asa Gray Bull. 3: 22 (1895)
= Carduus perplexans Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 132 (1905)
= Carduus vernalis Osterh.; Muhlenbergia 7: 12 (1911)
= Cirsium vernale (Osterh.) Cockerell; Univ. Colorado Stud. 9: 78 (1912)
species :
Cirsium phulchokiense
Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26(1-2): 16 (1974)
Distribution: Nepal; India (Sikkim)
40 IND NEP
species :
Cirsium pinetorum
Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 41: 267 (1905)
Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium acantholepis var. pinetorum (Greenm.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27, pt. 2: 212 (1910)
species :
Cirsium pitcheri
(Torr. ex Eaton) Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 2: 456 (1843)
Name: Dune or sand-dune thistle
Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus pitcheri (Torr. ex Eaton) Porter; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 345 (1894)
= Carduus pitcheri (Torr. ex Eaton) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 284 (1841)
= Cirsium pitcheri f. magenteum E.G.Voss; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 350 (2001)
= Cnicus pitcheri Torr. ex Eaton; Man. Bot. [A.Eaton], ed. 5: 180 (1829)
species :
Cirsium pitouchaoense
S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 3: 236 (2022)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Cirsium praeteriens
J.F.Macbr.; Contr. Gray Herb. 53: 19 (1918)
Name: Palo Alto thistle
Distribution: +USA (+California)
76 USA
species :
Cirsium pringlei
(S.Watson) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 238 (1910)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus pringlei (S.Watson) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 364 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Cnicus pringlei S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 156 (1890)
species :
Cirsium pseudocreticum
(P.H.Davis & Parris) Yıldız, Dirmenci & Arabacı; Türk. Bitkileri List. 144 (2012)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium alatum subsp. pseudocreticum P.H.Davis & Parris; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(3): 414 (1975)
species :
Cirsium pseudopersonata
Boiss. & Balansa; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 545 (1875)
subspecies :
subsp. pseudopersonata
Distribution: Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
subspecies :
subsp. kusnezowianum
(Sommier & Levier) Petr.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 2(1): 33 (1960)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (NE-Anatolia)
33 GEO NCS 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium kusnezowianum Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 12: 155 (1892), et in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. It. Ser. 2, 2: 16 (1895)
species :
Cirsium pseudosuffultum
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B 32(2): 92 (2006)
Distribution: Japan (Shikoku)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium pubigerum
(Desf.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 650 (1838)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, N-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
33 ARM GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium depilatum Boiss. & Balansa; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 543 (1875)
= Cirsium depilatum var. glomeratum Freyn & Sint.
= Cirsium hygrophiloides Kharadze; Zametki Syst. Geogr. Rast. 22: 76 (1961)
= Cirsium pubigerum var. caniforme Petr.
= Cirsium pubigerum var. glomeratum (Freyn & Sint.) P.H.Davis & Parris; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(3): 430 (1975)
= Cirsium pubigerum var. paphlagonicum Petr.
= Cnicus pubigerus Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3 (Cat. Pl. Horti Paris.) 399 (1829)
variant :
var. spinosum
Petr.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 2: 19 (1960)
Distribution: Turkey (NE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
34 IRN IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium iraqense Petr.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 109: 168 (1973)
species :
Cirsium pulchellum
(Greene) Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 19: 752 (1915)
Name: Four Corners thistle
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus bipinnatus A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 5 (1900)
= Carduus diffusus (Eastw.) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 6 (1900)
= Carduus pulchellus Greene ex Rydb.; Fl. Colorado [Rydberg] 400, 401 (1906)
= Carduus truncatus Greene; Fl. Colorado [Rydberg] 400, 401 (1906)
= Cirsium arizonicum var. bipinnatum (Eastw.) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 209 (2004)
= Cirsium bipinnatum (Eastw.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1010 (1917)
= Cirsium calcareum var. bipinnatum (Eastw.) S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Naturalist 43(2): 249 (1983)
= Cirsium calcareum var. pulchellum (Greene ex Rydb.) S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Naturalist 43(2): 249 (1983)
= Cirsium diffusum (Eastw.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1010 (1917)
= Cirsium effusum Matsum.; Index Pl. Jap. [J.Matsumura] 2(2): 639 (1912)
= Cirsium pulchellum subsp. bipinnatum (Eastw.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 513 (1917)
= Cirsium pulchellum subsp. diffusum (Eastw.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 514 (1917)
= Cirsium pulchellum var. glabrescens Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 511 (1917)
= Cnicus bipinnatus (Eastw.) Eastw.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 1: 121 (1898)
= Cnicus diffusus Eastw.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 3, Bot. 1: 121 (1898)
= Cnicus drummondii var. bipinnatus Eastw.; Zoe 4: 8 (1893)
= Cnicus effusus Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 19: 500 (1874)
species :
Cirsium pulcherrimum
(Rydb.) K.Schum.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 29(1): 566 (1903)
Name: Wyoming thistle
Distribution: USA (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Utah, Wyoming)
73 USA 74 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus pulcherrimus Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 510 (1901)
variant :
var. aridum
(Dorn) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 215 (2004)
Name: Cedar Rim thistle
Distribution: USA (Wyoming)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium aridum Dorn; Vasc. Pl. Wyoming, ed. 2: 304 (1992)
species :
Cirsium pumilum
(Nutt.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 375 (1826)
Name: Pasture thistle
Distribution: USA (Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia)
75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus odoratus Porter; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 345 (1894)
= Carduus pumilus Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 2: 130 (1818) non Vill.
= Cirsium odoratum (Muhl.) Britton; Ill. Fl. N. U.S. [Britton & Brown], ed. 2, 3: 552 (1913) ex Petr.
= Cirsium pumilum f. candidum Fernald; Rhodora 45: 354 (1943)
= Cirsium pumilum f. fultius Fernald; Rhodora 45: 354 (1943)
= Cnicus odoratus (Muhl.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.; Prelim. Cat. 30 (1888)
= Cnicus pumilus (Nutt.) Torr.; Comp. Fl. N. Middle Stat. 282 (1826)
variant :
var. hillii
(Canby) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 94: 646 (1972)
Name: Hill´s thistle
Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus hillii (Canby) Porter; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 344 (1894)
= Cirsium hillii (Canby) Fernald; Rhodora 10: 95 (1908)
= Cirsium hillii f. albiflorum E.G.Voss; Michigan Bot. 18(-1): 139 (1995 publ. 1996)
= Cirsium hillii Fernald; Rhodora 10: 95 (1908)
= Cirsium pumilum f. albiflorum Scoggan; Fl. Canada 1: 52 (1978)
= Cirsium pumilum subsp. hillii (Canby) R.J.Moore & Frankton; Canad. J. Bot. 44: 588 (1966)
= Cnicus hillii Canby; Gard. & Forest 4: 101 (1891)
species :
Cirsium purpuratum
(Maxim.) Matsum.; Nippon Shokubutsumeii, ed. 2: 83 (1895)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus purpuratus Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 19: 491 (1879)
species :
Cirsium pyrenaicum
(Jacq.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 151 (1785)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; France; Morocco
12 FRA POR SPA 20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus jacquinii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 152 (1821)
= Carduus paniculatus Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 143 (1789)
= Carduus pyrenaicus Jacq.; Observ. Bot. [Jacquin] 4: 11, t. 95 (1771)
= Cirsium allionii Thurm. ex Ardoino; Fl. Anal. Alpes-Mar. [Ardoino] 198 (1867)
= Cirsium flavispina Boiss. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 305 (1838)
= Cirsium fulvispinum Walp.Repert.Bot.Syst.; Walpers] 2: 676, sphalm
= Cirsium matritense Lag. ex Cutanda; Fl. Comp. Madrid 409 (1861)
= Cirsium monspessulanum subsp. pyrenaicum (DC.) R.C.V.Douin; Fl. Ill. France 6: 32 (1923)
= Cirsium monspessulanum var. discolor Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 43 (1904)
= Cirsium monspessulanum var. pyrenaicum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 645 (1838)
= Cirsium paniculatum Vahl ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 186 (1865)
= Cirsium pyrenaicum (Jacq.) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck] 4: 112 (1805)
= Cirsium pyrenaicum var. paniculatum (Vahl) Talavera & Valdés; Lagascalia 5: 179 (1976)
= Cnicus flavispinus (Boiss. ex DC.) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 522 (1878)
= Cnicus pyrenaicus (Jacq.) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1664 (1803)
variant :
var. longespinosum
(Kunze) Talavera & Valdés; Lagascalia 5(2): 177 (1976)
Distribution: Portugal; S-Spain
12 POR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium castellanum Willk.; Linnaea 30: 109 (1859 publ. 1860)
= Cirsium flavispina var. castellanum (Willk.) Lange; Pug. Pl. Hispan. 141 (1861)
= Cirsium flavispina var. longespinosum Kunze; Chlor. Austro-Hispan. 26 (1846)
variant :
var. micranthum
Talavera & Valdés; Lagascalia 5(2): 180 (1976)
Distribution: SE-Spain
12 SPA
species :
Cirsium quercetorum
(A.Gray) Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif. [Jepson] 507 (1901)
Name: Brownie or Alameda Co. thistle
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus quercetorum (A.Gray) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 362 (1892), et Man Bot. San Franc, Bay 218 (1894)
= Cirsium quercetorum var. campylolepis Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 362 (1917)
= Cirsium quercetorum var. mendocinum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 364 (1917)
= Cirsium quercetorum var. walkerianum (Petr.) Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 1164 (1925)
= Cirsium quercetorum var. xerolepis Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 363 (1917)
= Cirsium walkerianum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 405 (1917)
= Cnicus quercetorum A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 40 (1874)
species :
Cirsium racemiforme
Y.Ling & C.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(6): 445-446, pl. 1, f. 1 (1984)
Distribution: China (W-Fujian, NE-Guangxi, SW-Guizhou, SW-Hunan, NE-Jiangxi, SE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Cirsium radians
Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 77 (1841)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras
79 MEX 80 GUA HON
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus radians (Benth.) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 252 (1881)
= Cirsium guatemalense S.F.Blake; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 24: 442 (1934)
species :
Cirsium rassulovii
B.A.Sharipova; Izv. Akad. Nauk Tadzhiksk. S.S.R., Otd. Biol. Nauk 1(114): 66 (1989)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Cirsium remotifolium
(Hook.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 655 (1838)
Name: Remote-leaved thistle
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon, Washington)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus remotifolius Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 1: 302 (1833)
= Cirsium stenolepidum Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 419 (1840)
= Cnicus remotifolius A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 47 (1874)
variant :
var. odontolepis
Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 298 (1917)
Name: Pacific fringed or fringe-scaled thistle
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus callilepis Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 358 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Cirsium amblylepis Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 312 (1917)
= Cirsium americanum var. callilepis (Greene) Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 1164 (1925)
= Cirsium callilepe (Greene) Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif. [Jepson] 507 (1901)
= Cirsium callilepis var. oregonense (Petr.) J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 9: 10 (1959)
= Cirsium callilepis var. pseudocarlinoides (Petr.) J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 9: 10 (1959)
= Cirsium remotifolium subsp. oregonense Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 300 (1917)
= Cirsium remotifolium subsp. pseudocarlinoides Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Abt. 2: 297 (1917)
= Cirsium remotifolium var. oregonense Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 300 (1917)
variant :
var. rivulare
Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 1164 (1925)
Name: Klamath thistle
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium acanthodontum S.F.Blake; Contr. Gray Herb. 53: 28 (1918)
= Cirsium oreganum Piper; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32: 43 (1919)
species :
Cirsium rengehydrophilum
Kadota; J. Jap. Bot. 96(3): 135 (2021)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium repandum
Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 89 (1803)
Name: Sand-hill or coastal-plain thistle
Distribution: USA (Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus repandus (Michx.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 386 (1807)
= Carduus virginianus Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 195 (1788) non L. 1753
= Cnicus repandus (Michx.) Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 269 (1823)
species :
Cirsium rhabdotolepis
Petr.; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, n. s. 2: 49 (1926)
Distribution: Armenia
33 ARM
species :
Cirsium rhaphilepis
(Hemsl.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 242 (1910)
Distribution: Mexico (Mexico Distr. Federal, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacan, Mexico State, Morelos, Querétaro)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus rhaphilepis (Hemsl.) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 362 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Cnicus reglensis Klatt; Leopoldina 24: 128 (1888)
= Cnicus rhaphilepis Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 252 (1881)
species :
Cirsium rhinoceros
(H.Lév. & Vaniot) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 364 (1912)
Distribution: South Korea
38 KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium rhinoceros f. albiflorum Sakata; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 31: 116 (1952)
= Cirsium rhinoceros var. albiflorum Y.N.Lee; Korean J. Bot. 24: 29 (1981)
= Cnicus rhinoceros H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 168 (1910)
species :
Cirsium rhizocephalum
C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer [C.A. von Meyer] 70 (1831)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Ghorat, Kabul, Wardak, Parwan); Pakistan (Chitral)
32 TKM TZK 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN TUR 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium esculentum subsp. frickii (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Petr.
= Cirsium esculentum var. caucasicum C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer [C.A. von Meyer] 70 (1831)
= Cirsium frickii Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6: 47 (1849)
= Cirsium grumosum Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 6: 48 (1849)
= Cirsium rhizocephalum subsp. frickii (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Govaerts; World Checkl. Seed Pl. 3(1): 15 (1999)
= Cirsium rhizocephalum subsp. sinuatum (Boiss.) P.H.Davis & Parris; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(3): 430 (1975)
= Cirsium rhizocephalum var. caulescens Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 542 (1875)
= Cirsium rhizocephalum var. sinuatum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 542 (1875)
= Cirsium sinuatum Boiss. & Kotschy; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 542 (1875)
= Cnicus rhizocephalus (C.A.Mey.) Wright & Dewar; Johnson´s Gard. Dict. 224 (1894)
species :
Cirsium rhothophilum
S.F.Blake; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 21: 336 (1931), nom. nov.
Name: Surf thistle
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus maritimus Elmer; Bot. Gaz. 39: 45 (1905), not Cirsium maritimum Makino 1910
= Cirsium maritimum (Elmer) Davidson & Moxley; Fl. S. Calif. [Davidson & Moxley] 438 (1923), isonym
= Cirsium maritimum (Elmer) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(11): 288 (1917)
species :
Cirsium rivulare
(Jacq.) All.; Auct. Fl. Pedem. 10 (1789)
Name: Bach-Kratzdistel (DE)
Distribution: Sweden [I]; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen [I], Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Sachsen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; N-Spain; Andorra; France; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Ukraine
10 swe 11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR LIT RUS UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus erisithales Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 2: 20 (1788) non Jacq. 1762
= Carduus pontederae (Pollini) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 153 (1821)
= Carduus rivularis Jacq.; Fl. Austriac. [Jacquin] 1: 57 (1773)
= Carduus salisburgensis Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 388 (1807)
= Carduus semipectinatus Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 705 (1783)
= Carduus tricephalodes Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 704 (1783)
= Cirsium carniolicum All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 149 (1785) non Scop. 1772
= Cirsium erisithales subsp. rivulare (Jacq.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 176 (1894)
= Cirsium gracile Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 422 (1866)
= Cirsium ledebourii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 368 (1841)
= Cirsium rivulare (Jacq.) Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 301 (1822), isonym
= Cirsium rivulare f. integrifolium Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 761 (1914)
= Cirsium rivulare f. pseudintegrifolium Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 761 (1914)
= Cirsium rivulare f. salisburgense (Willd.) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 761 (1914)
= Cirsium rivulare f. tomentellum B.Fleisch.; Herb. Norm. Sched. Cent. [Dörfler] 223 (1904)
= Cirsium rivulare var. ramosum M.Loehr; Enum. Fl. Deutschland 360 (1852)
= Cirsium rivulare var. salisburgense (Willd.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 358 (1864), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium rivulare var. submonocephalum Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 117 (1904)
= Cirsium salisburgense (Willd.) G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Loudon] 331 (1830)
= Cirsium semipectinatum (Lam.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 378 (1826)
= Cirsium tricephalodes (Lam.) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck] 4: 116 (1805), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium tricephalum St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 122 (1880)
= Cnicus autareticus Loisel.; Fl. Gall. [Loiseleur] 2: 541 (1807)
= Cnicus pontederae Pollini; Giorn. Fis. Chim. Storia Nat. Med. Arti 9: 98 (1816)
= Cnicus rivularis (Jacq.) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1676 (1803)
= Cnicus rivularis var. multiflorus Uechtr.; Kleine Reis. Naturf. 263 (1820)
= Cnicus salisburgensis Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1675 (1803)
= Cnicus seminudus Schleich. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 650 (1838)
= Cnicus semipectinatus (Lam.) Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann], Suppl. 93 (1819)
= Serratula salisburgensis (Willd.) Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 6: 564 (1805)
species :
Cirsium roseolum
Gorl.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 74(12): 1783 (1989)
Distribution: S-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine
14 RUS UKR
species :
Cirsium rosulatum
Talavera & Valdés; Lagascalia 5(2): 154 (1976)
Distribution: SE-Spain (Segura, Cazorla, Alcaraz)
12 SPA
species :
Cirsium rupinarum
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 24 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
79 MEX
Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena
species :
Cirsium rydbergii
Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 315 (1917)
Name: Rydberg´s or alcove thistle
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Utah)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium lactucinum Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1010 (1917)
species :
Cirsium sairamense
(C.Winkl.) O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkestanicae [O.A.Fedchenko & B.A.Fedchenko] 4: 286 (1911)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium semenovii subsp. sairamense (C.Winkl.) Petr.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 61(9): 323 (1911)
= Cnicus sairamensis C.Winkl.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9(2): 522-523 (1886)
species :
Cirsium scapanolepis
Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 559 (1917)
Distribution: USA (Colorado)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus spathulatus Osterh.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 612 (1905)
= Cirsium spathulifolium Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1011, 1068 (1917), nom. superfl.
species :
Cirsium scariosum
Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 420 (1840)
Name: Meadow or elk thistle
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Québec); USA (California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming)
71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus butleri Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 542 (1910)
= Carduus drummondii var. acaulescens Coville; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 4: 142 (1893)
= Carduus lacerus Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 543 (1910)
= Carduus magnificus A.Nelson; Bot. Gaz. 53: 228 (1912)
= Carduus scariosus (Nutt.) A.Heller; Cat. N. Amer. Pl. 7 (1898)
= Cirsium butleri Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1009 (1917) ex Petr.
= Cirsium drummondii var. lanatum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 354 (1917)
= Cirsium foliosum var. minganense (Vict.) B.Boivin; Phytologia 23: 115 (1972)
= Cirsium hookerianum var. scariosum (Nutt.) B.Boivin; Phytologia 23(1): 116 (1972)
= Cirsium lacerum (Rydb.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1010 (1917) ex Petr.
= Cirsium magnificum (A.Nelson) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1010 (1917) ex Petr.
= Cirsium minganense f. album Vict. & J.Rousseau; Contr. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montréal 36: 55 (1940)
= Cirsium minganense Vict.; Proc. & Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, Ser. 3, 19: 81 (1925)
= Cnicus scariosus (Nutt.) A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 402 (1884)
variant :
var. citrinum
(Petr.) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 215 (2004)
Name: La Graciosa thistle
Distribution: USA (California); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus validus Greene; Fl. Francisc. 4: 479 (1897)
= Cirsium drummondii subsp. latisquamum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 358 (1917)
= Cirsium loncholepis Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 375 (1917)
= Cirsium quercetorum var. citrinum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 363 (1917)
= Cirsium scariosum var. loncholepis (Petr.) D.J.Keil; Aliso 28: 57 (2010)
= Cirsium validum (Greene) Ackerf. & D.J.Keil; J. Syst. Evol. 58: 905 (2020), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium vickifunkiae U.B.Deshmukh & M.B.Shende; Feddes Repert. 133(2): 120 (2021), nom. nov. for C. validum (Greene) Ackerf. & D. J. Keil
variant :
var. robustum
D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 215 (2004)
Name: Shasta Valley thistle
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
variant :
var. thorneae
S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Naturalist 42: 201 (1982)
Name: Thorne´s thistle
Distribution: USA (Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Utah)
73 USA 76 USA
variant :
var. toiyabense
D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 216 (2004)
Name: Toiyabe thistle
Distribution: USA (Idaho, Nevada, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
species :
Cirsium schantarense
Trautv. & C.A.Mey.; Fl. Ochot. Phaenog. 1(2): 58 (1856)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye, Sakhalin); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning); North Korea; South Korea
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium diamantiacum (Nakai) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 363 (1912)
= Cirsium fusenense Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 70 (1940)
= Cirsium litorale Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 173 (1859)
= Cirsium litorale var. nudum Regel; Tent. Fl. Ussur. 95 (1861)
= Cirsium maackii var. spiniferum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 624 (1932)
= Cirsium pendulum var. oligocephalum Regel & Tiling; Fl. Ajan. 107 (1859)
= Cirsium schantarense f. albiflorum Y.N.Lee; Fl. Korea [Lee] 1162 (1996), without type
= Cirsium zenii Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 71 (1940)
= Cnicus diamantiacus Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 99 (1909)
= Cnicus japonicus var. schantarensis (Trautv. & C.A.Mey.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 19(5): 506-507 (1874)
species :
Cirsium scopulorum
(Greene) Cockerell ex Daniels; Univ. Missouri Stud., Sci. Ser. 2(2): 253 (1911)
Name: Mountain or alpine thistle
Distribution: USA (Colorado, New Mexico, Utah)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus hookerianus var. eriocephalus (A.Gray) A.Nelson; New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mt. 585 (1909)
= Carduus scopulorum Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 362 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Cirsium eatonii var. eriocephalum (A.Gray) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 1645 (2005)
= Cirsium eriocephalum A.Gray; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 15: 69 (1863 publ. 1864), nom. illeg.
= Cnicus eriocephalus A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 46 (1874)
species :
Cirsium semenowii
Regel & Schmalh.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 40(3): 161 (1867)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaepeuce macrantha var. bracteata Rupr.
= Cnicus semenowii (Regel & Schmalh.) C.Winkl.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9(2): 523 (1886)
species :
Cirsium senjoense
Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 32 (1936)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium serratuloides
(L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 64 (1768)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Khabarovsk); Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia
11 ger 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus serratuloides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 825 (1753)
= Cirsium asiaticum Schischk.; Fl. Zapadnoi Sibiri 11: 2890 (1949)
= Cnicus serratuloides (L.) Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 346 (1788)
species :
Cirsium setidens
(Dunn) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 34: 54.(1920)
Distribution: North Korea; South Korea
38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium chanroenicum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 368 (1912)
= Cirsium chanroenicum var. lanceolata Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 13: 90 (1937)
= Cirsium chanroenicum var. pinnatifolium Y.N.Lee; Alp. Flow. Korea 409 (2000)
= Cirsium setidens f. albiflorum Y.N.Lee; Fl. Korea [Lee] 1163 (1996), without type
= Cirsium setidens f. lanceolatum (Kitam.) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 342 (2004)
= Cirsium setidens f. niveoaraneum (Kitam.) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 343 (2004)
= Cirsium setidens var. chanroenicum (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 178 (2004)
= Cirsium setidens var. niveoaraneum Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 13: 109 (1937)
= Cirsium setidens var. pinnatifolium Y.N.Lee; Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 4: 8 (2004)
= Saussurea setidens Dunn; J. Bot. 45: 403 (1907)
species :
Cirsium shansiense
Petr.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 176 (1943)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Chongqing, SE-Fujian, S-Gansu, NE-Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, S-Hunan, NW-Jiangxi, Nei Mongol, E-Qinghai, S-Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); NE-Tibet; Bhutan; India (Meghalaya, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Myanmar; ?Vietnam
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium chinense var. australe Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(5): 628 (1901)
= Cirsium lineare f. incisolobatum Kitam.; J. Jap. Bot. 20(4): 200 (1944)
= Cirsium lineare f. vestitum Kitam.; J. Jap. Bot. 20(4): 199 (1944)
= Cirsium lineare var. intermedium (Pamp.) Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43 (1107-1110): 276-277 (1938)
= Cirsium lineare var. rigidum Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43 (1107-1110): 274-275 (1938)
= Cirsium lineare var. spatulatum Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43 (1107-1110): 277-278 (1938)
= Cirsium lineare var. tenii Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43 (1107-1110): 278-279 (1938)
= Cirsium lineare var. yunnanense Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43 (1107-1110): 277 (1938)
= Cirsium wallichii var. intermedium Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 18(1): 87-88 (1911)
species :
Cirsium shidokimontanum
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B 28(3): 99 (2002)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium shihianum
Greuter; Fl. China 20-21: 175 (2011), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Xinjiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium tenuifolium C.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(6): 452-453, pl. 1, f. 4 (1984)
species :
Cirsium shimae
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 35(3): 106 (2009)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium shinanense
Shimizu; Bull. Sugadaira Biol. Lab. 4: 4 (1971)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium sichuanense
Z.C.Jin & Y.S.Chen; Phytotaxa 576(2): 163 (2022)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Cirsium sidi-guinii
Pau & Font Quer; Iter Marocc. [Font Quer], Exsicc. No. 458 [1930](1929)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
species :
Cirsium sieboldii
Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 184 (1866)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium austrokiushianum Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 30 (1936)
= Cirsium austrosatsumense Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 35, japonice (1936)
= Cirsium longipes Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 378 (1912)
= Cirsium paludigenum Y.F.Lu, Z.H.Chen & X.F.Jin; J. Pl. Resource Environ. 30: 5 (2021)
= Cirsium reinii (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum.; Index Pl. Jap. [J.Matsumura] 2: 11. 642 (1912)
= Cirsium sieboldii subsp. austrokiushianum (Kitam.) Kitam.
= Cnicus reinii Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 413 (1877)
= Cnicus sieboldii (Miq.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 19: 508 (1874)
species :
Cirsium sieversii
(Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Petr.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 61(9): 324 (1911)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium polyacanthum Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 14: 450 (1841)
= Cirsium sieversii (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 19: 335 (1846) ex Petr.
= Echenais sieversii Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Enum. Pl. Nov. [Fischer & Meyer] 1: 44 (1841)
species :
Cirsium simplex
C.A.Mey.; Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer [C.A. von Meyer] 70 (1831)
subspecies :
subsp. simplex
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia)
33 ARM GEO NCS 34 TUR
subspecies :
subsp. armenum
(DC.) Petr.; Izv. Kavkazsk. Muz. 8: 63 (1914)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium armenum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 647 (1838)
subspecies :
subsp. satdaghense
P.H.Davis & Parris; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(3): 420 (1975)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cirsium skutchii
S.F.Blake; Brittonia 2: 357 (1937)
Distribution: Guatemala
80 GUA
species :
Cirsium souliei
(Franch.) Mattf. ex Rehder & Kobuski; J. Arnold Arbor. 14(1): 42 (1933)
Distribution: China (Gansu, S-Ningxia, Qinghai, Sichuan); Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Chumbi)
36 CHI TIB 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus souliei Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 11: 21 (1897)
species :
Cirsium spicatum
(Maxim.) Matsum.; Nippon Shokubutsumeii, ed. 2: 83 (1895)
Distribution: Japan (Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus spicatus Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 19: 501 (1874)
species :
Cirsium spinosissimum
(L.) Scop.; Annus Hist.-Nat. 2. 62 (1769)
Name: Alpen-Kratzdistel (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; France; Italy; Slovenia
11 AUT GER LIE SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus comosus Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 703 (1783)
= Carduus glaber Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 152 (1821)
= Carduus spinosissimus (L.) Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 3: 11 (1788)
= Carthamus involucratus Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 12 (1779)
= Cirsium caput-medusae Schur ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 408 408 (1879)
= Cirsium spitzelii Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 408 (1879)
= Cnicus purpureus (All.) Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 9: 21 (1853)
= Cnicus spinosissimus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 826 (1753)
species :
Cirsium spinosum
Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 19 (1931)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu, Amami Oshima)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium spinuliferum
(Kitam.) Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 35(1): 47 (2009)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium kagamontanum var. spinuliferum Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 13: 99 (1937)
species :
Cirsium stojanovii
Kuzmanov; Sto Godini Stojanov 60 (1988)
Distribution: Bulgaria
13 BUL
species :
Cirsium subcoriaceum
(Less.) Sch.Bip.; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 312 (1856)
Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz, Hidalgo, México State, Michoacan, Puebla, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Chiapas); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama
79 MEX 80 COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus heterolepis (Benth.) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 363 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Carduus subcoriaceus Less.; Linnaea 5: 130 (1830)
= Cirsium heterolepis Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 87 (1841)
= Cirsium maximum Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 289 (1849)
= Cirsium pinnatisectum (Klatt) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 236 (1910)
= Cirsium platycephalum Benth. ex Oerst.; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 1, 2: 110 (1852)
= Cnicus cernuus A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 44 (1874)
= Cnicus heterolepis (Benth.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 44 (1874)
= Cnicus pinnatisectus Klatt; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 35: 292 (1895)
= Cnicus subcoriaceus (Less.) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 252 (1881)
species :
Cirsium subinerme
Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 76: 55 (1849)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium elodes var. indivisum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 642 (1838)
= Cirsium leucopsis var. indivisum C.A.Mey.; Cirs. Ruthen. 54 (1849)
= Cirsium leucopsis var. cinerascens C.A.Mey.; Cirs. Ruthen. 54 (1849)
species :
Cirsium subuliforme
G.B.Ownbey; Phytologia 50(5): 321 (1982)
Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Hidalgo, México State, Morelos, Puebla, Queretaro, Tlaxcala, Veracruz)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium suffultum
(Maxim.) Matsum.; Index Pl. Jap. [J.Matsumura] 2: 642 (1912)
Distribution: Japan (Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium kiushianum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 366 (1912)
= Cirsium ogatae Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33: 116 (1919)
= Cirsium pexum Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26: 365 (1912)
= Cnicus pexus (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 410
= Cnicus suffultus Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 19: 98 (1874)
= Cnicus suffultus var. pexus Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 19: 204 (1874)
species :
Cirsium suzukaense
Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 13 (1931)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium suzukii
Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 58 (1932)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Cirsium svaneticum
Sommier & Levier; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 2: 20 (1895)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium leucopsis var. caucasicum Sommier & H.Lév.; (1895)
species :
Cirsium swaticum
Petr.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 109: 167 (1973)
Distribution: Pakistan (Swat)
40 PAK
species :
Cirsium sychnosanthum
Petr.; Izv. Kavkazsk. Muz. 8: 63 (1914)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia
33 ARM GEO NCS
species :
Cirsium taiwanense
Y.H.Tseng & Chih Y.Chang; PhytoKeys 183: 47, figs. 1C, 2C, 3C, 5, 6 (2021)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Cirsium takahashii
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 33(1): 40 (2007)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium tamastoloniferum
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 38(1): 2 (2012)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium tancitaroense
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 17 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Michoacan)
79 MEX
Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena
species :
Cirsium tanegashimense
Kitam. ex Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B 30(2): 68 (2004)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium tashiroi
Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 14 (1931)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
variant :
var. hidaense
(Kitam.) Kadota; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 3b: 125 (1995)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium hidaense Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 7 (1934)
species :
Cirsium tatakaense
Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang; PhytoKeys 117: 125 (2019)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Cirsium tenorioianum
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-24: 19 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium tenue
Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 15 (1931)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium tenuipedunculatum
Kadota; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 19(2): 46 (1993)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium tenuisectum
(D.J.Keil) Ackerf.; Int. J. Pl. Sci. 184(5): 337 (2023)
Name: Desert mountains thistle
Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium arizonicum var. tenuisectum D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 210 (2004)
species :
Cirsium tenuisquamatum
Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1: 150 (1932)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium tepehuanense
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 22 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Durango)
79 MEX
Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena
species :
Cirsium teshioense
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 39(3): 117 (2013)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium texanum
Buckley; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 460 (1861 publ. 1862)
Name: Texas or Texas purple or southern thistle
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus austrinus Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 1307 (1903)
= Carduus helleri Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 1307 (1903)
= Cirsium austrinum (Small) E.D.Schulz; Wild Fl. S. Antonio 242 (1922)
= Cirsium greenei Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 177 (1911)
= Cirsium helleri (Small) Cory; Rhodora 38: 408 (1936)
= Cirsium ochrocentrum subsp. helleri (Small) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Abt. 2: 419 (1917)
= Cirsium ochrocentrum var. helleri (Small) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Abt. 2: 418 (1917)
= Cirsium texanum var. stenolepis Shinners; Field & Lab. 19: 81 (1951)
= Cirsium undulatum subsp. helleri Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 419 (1917)
species :
Cirsium tianmushanicum
C.Shih; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 4(2): 64-65 (1984)
Distribution: China (Zhejiang)
36 CHI
species :
Cirsium tioganum
(Congdon) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 560 (1917)
Name: Dinnerplate or sessile or stemless thistle
Distribution: USA (California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
73 USA 76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus acaulescens (A.Gray) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 508 (1901)
= Carduus longissimus A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 3: 134 (1907)
= Carduus tioganus (Congdon) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 147 (1906)
= Cirsium acaule var. americanum A.Gray; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 15: 68 (1864)
= Cirsium acaulescens (A.Gray) Daniels; Univ. Missouri Stud., Sci. Ser. 2(2): 254 (1911)
= Cirsium americanum (A.Gray) Daniels; Univ. Missouri Stud., Sci. Ser. 2(2): 253 (1911)
= Cirsium coloradense subsp. acaulescens (A.Gray) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 370 (1917)
= Cirsium coloradense subsp. longissimum (A.Heller) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 371 (1917)
= Cirsium drummondii subsp. lanatum Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 354 (1917)
= Cirsium drummondii subsp. vexans Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 359 (1917)
= Cirsium drummondii var. acaulescens (A.Gray) J.F.Macbr.; Contr. Gray Herb. 53: 22 (1918)
= Cirsium drummondii var. oregonense Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 355 (1917)
= Cirsium drummondii var. vexans (Petr.) Piper; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 360 (1917)
= Cirsium scariosum var. americanum (A.Gray) D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 215 (2004)
= Cnicus americanus A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 56 (1884), non Carduus americanus (A. Gray) Greene
= Cnicus drummondii var. acaulescens A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 40 (1874)
= Cnicus tioganus Congdon; Erythea 7: 186 (1900)
species :
Cirsium togaense
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 33(1): 30 (2007)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium tolucanum
(B.L.Rob. & Seaton) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 245 (1910)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus tolucanus B.L.Rob. & Seaton; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 111 (1893)
species :
Cirsium toyoshimae
Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33: 115 (1919)
Distribution: Bonin Isl. (Chichijima)
38 OGA
species :
Cirsium trachylomum
S.F.Blake; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 25: 322 (1935)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium tracyi
(Rydb.) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 424 (1917)
Name: Tracy´s thistle
Distribution: USA (Colorado, New Mexico, Utah)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus arcuatus Osterh.; Muhlenbergia 9: 55 (1913)
= Carduus floccosus Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 133 (1905)
= Carduus tracyi Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 133 (1905)
= Cirsium arcuatum (Osterh.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1012 (1917) ex Petr.
= Cirsium floccosum (Rydb.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1013 (1917) ex Petr.
= Cirsium undulatum var. tracyi (Rydb.) S.L.Welsh; Great Basin Naturalist 43(2): 254 (1983)
species :
Cirsium tuberosum
(L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 151 (1785)
Name: Knollige Kratzdistel (DE), Tuberous Thistle (EN)
Distribution: England (S-England, S-Wales); Belgium [I]; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], +Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; +Austria; N-Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia
10 GRB 11 AUT bgm GER SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 CRO ITA SLV
Remarks: tuberosum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus bulbosus Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 705 (1783)
= Carduus gouanii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 152 (1821)
= Carduus pedemontanus (Willd.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 389 (1807)
= Carduus tuberosus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 824 (1753)
= Cirsium anglicum var. longicaule Willk.; Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 103 (1893)
= Cirsium bulbosum (Lam.) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck] 4: 118 (1805), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium bulbosum var. major M.Loehr; Enum. Fl. Deutschland 360 (1852)
= Cirsium colmeroi Sennen & Pau; Bull. Géogr. Bot. 24: 243 (1914), pro syn.
= Cirsium inerme G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Loudon] 330 (1830) non Link 1822
= Cirsium salvadoris Sennen & Pau; Bull. Géogr. Bot. 23: 243 (1914), pro syn.
= Cirsium tuberosum proles bulbosum (Lam.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 57 (1905)
= Cirsium tuberosum f. foliosum (Peterm.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 6(2): 890 (1928)
= Cirsium tuberosum f. nanum (Lüscher) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 6(2): 890 (1928)
= Cirsium tuberosum subsp. bulbosum (Lam.) Sudre; Fl. Toulous. 117 (1907)
= Cirsium tuberosum var. dissectum Lam. ex Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 673 (1830)
= Cirsium tuberosum var. foliosum Peterm.; Flora 27: 490 (1844)
= Cirsium tuberosum var. yvesii Briq. & Cavill.; Fl. Alpes Marit. 7: 37 (1931)
= Cnicus pedemontanus Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1675 (1803)
= Cnicus tuberosus (L.) Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 345 (1788)
= Cynara tuberosa (L.) Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 153 (1812)
= Ixine tuberosa (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 61 (1768)
= Serratula tuberosa (L.) Neck.; Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.-Palat. 2: 465 (1770)
species :
Cirsium tukuhnikivatzicum
Ackerf.; Syst. Bot. 48(2): 357 (2023)
Distribution: USA (Utah)
76 USA
species :
Cirsium turneri
Warnock; Southw. Naturalist 5: 101 (1960)
Name: Cliff thistle
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila)
77 USA 79 MEX
species :
Cirsium tymphaeum
Hausskn.; Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2(1): 181 (1889), et in Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 7: 38 (1895)
Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; NW-Greece (Pindos to Olimpos)
13 ALB GRC KOS NMA SRB
species :
Cirsium uetsuense
Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 34(4-6): 114 (1983)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium ugoense
Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 629 (1932)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium uliginosum
(M.Bieb.) Fisch.; Cat. Jard. Pl. Gorenki, ed. 2: 35 (1812)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Iraq (NW-Iraq)
33 GEO NCS 34 IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus neglectus Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 153 (1821)
= Carduus uliginosus (M.Bieb.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 154 (1821)
= Cnicus uliginosus M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 274 (1808)
species :
Cirsium umezawanum
Kadota; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 24(4): 147 (1998)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium undulatum
(Nutt.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 374 (1826)
Name: Wavyleaf or gray or pasture thistle
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Sonora)
71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus megacephalus A.Nelson; New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mt. 587 (1909)
= Carduus undulatus Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 2: 130 (1818)
= Carduus undulatus var. megacephalus Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 360 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Cirsium megacephalum (A.Gray) Cockerell ex Daniels; Univ. Missouri Stud., Sci. Ser. 2(2): 254 (1911)
= Cirsium undulatum f. album Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 10: 219 (1927)
= Cirsium undulatum var. franktonis B.Boivin; Phytologia 23(1): 113 (1972)
= Cirsium undulatum var. megacephalum (A.Gray) Fernald; Rhodora 10: 94 (1908)
= Cnicus undulatus (Nutt.) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 42 (1874)
= Cnicus undulatus var. megacephalus A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 42 (1874)
species :
Cirsium unzenense
Kadota & Mas.Saito; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 34(4): 143 (2008)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium uzenense
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, B 31(1): 39 (2005)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium valdespinulosum
(Sennen) Sennen; Bol. Soc. Iber. Ci. Nat. 28: 105 (1930)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; S-France; ?Morocco; Algeria
12 FRA POR SPA 20 ALG
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium monspessulanum subsp. ferox (Coss.) Talavera; Lagascalia 4(2): 290 (1974)
= Cirsium monspessulanum var. ferox Coss.; Notes Pl. Crit. 1(2): 39 (1849)
= Cirsium montanum var. valdespinulosum Sennen; Pl. Espagne [Exsicc.] no. 4841 (1923) in sched.
= Cirsium paniculatum Porta; (1892), nom. illeg., non Lam. 1779
species :
Cirsium valentinum
Porta; Atti Imp. Regia Accad. Rovereto, Ser. 2, 9: 38 (1891 publ. 1892)
Distribution: E-Spain (SW of Valencia)
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium flavispina subsp. valentinum (Porta & Rigo) Rivas Goday & Borja; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 19: 485 (1962), nom. illeg.
species :
Cirsium velatum
(S.Watson) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27(2): 247 (1910)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Oaxaca)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus velatus (S.Watson) Greene; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 44: 363 (1892 publ. 1893)
= Cnicus velatus S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 143 (1891)
species :
Cirsium vergelense
G.L.Nesom; Phytoneuron 2022-23: 23 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua)
79 MEX
Remarks: sect. Erythrolaena
species :
Cirsium vernonioides
C.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(6): 447, pl. 1, f. 2 (1984)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Cirsium verum
Kadota; J. Jap. Bot. 96(3): 140 (2021)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium vinaceum
(Wooton & Standl.) Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 19: 751 (1915)
Name: Sacramento Mountains thistle
Distribution: USA (New Mexico)
77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus vinaceus Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 196 (1913)
species :
Cirsium viperinum
(D.J.Keil) Ackerf. & D.J.Keil; J. Syst. Evol. 58(6): 905 (2020)
Name: Snake Range thistle
Distribution: USA (Nevada)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium eatonii var. viperinum D.J.Keil; Sida 21: 212 (2004)
species :
Cirsium virginianum
(L.) Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 90 (1803)
Name: Virginia thistle
Distribution: USA (Delaware, Florida, Georgia, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia)
75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus revolutus Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 1307 (1903)
= Carduus virginianus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 824 (1753)
= Cirsium revolutum (Small) Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35, Ab. 2: 558 (1917)
= Cirsium virginianum f. revolutum (Small) Fernald; Rhodora 45: 509 (1943)
= Cnicus virginianus (L.) Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 506 (1813)
species :
Cirsium viridifolium
(Hand.-Mazz.) C.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(5): 394 (1984)
Distribution: China (Hebei, Jilin, Nei Mongol)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium salicifolium (Kitag.) C.Shih; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 78(1): 99 (1987)
= Cirsium vlassovianum var. salicifolium Kitag.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48: 112 (1934)
= Cirsium vlassovianum var. viridifolium Hand.-Mazz.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 85: 223-224 (1936)
species :
Cirsium vlassovianum
Fisch. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 653 (1837)
Distribution: Siberia (Chita); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea
30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium coryletorum Kom.; Izv. Imp. Bot. Sada Petra Velikago 16: 179 (1916)
= Cirsium kaimaense Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 6, nomen, et in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ. Ser. B, 13: (Compos. Jap. 1.) 87 (1937 publ. 1934)
= Cirsium vlassovianum f. album (Kitam.) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 343 (2004)
= Cirsium vlassovianum f. leucanthum Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 13: 88 (1937)
= Cirsium vlassovianum var. album Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 1: 88 (1937)
= Cirsium vlassovianum var. album Nakai; Fl. Sylv. Kor. 14: 110 (1923)
= Cirsium vlassovianum var. bracteatum Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 741 (1845)
= Cnicus vlassovianus (Fisch. ex DC.) Maximova; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 19(5): 509 (1874)
species :
Cirsium vulgare
(Savi) Ten.; Fl. Napol. 5: 209 (1835 publ. 1838)
Name: Gewöhnliche Kratzdistel, Lanzett-Kratzdistel (DE); Spear Thistle (EN); Cardo borriquero (ES)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly, St. Kilda Isl.); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera, Mallorca, Menorca); France; Monaco; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, rare in Kiklades); Crete; S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial); Canary Isl. [I] (Tenerife [I]); Ethiopia [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Lesotho [I]; La Réunion [I]; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Kuril Isl. [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Ikaria, Samos, Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., W-Iran, N-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Kunar / Nuristan, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); Cyprus (C-Mountains, S-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (Aden Desert, N-Inner Yemen, W-Yemen); China (Xinjiang); South Korea [I]; Pakistan (Kurram, Gilgit); New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Kermadec Isl. [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Easter Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Kahoolawe Isl. [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Alaska [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], District of Columbia [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Mississippi [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], Nevada [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I], Wyoming [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I], Magallanes [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]
10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA MCO POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 AZO cny 24 eth 27 les saf 29 reu 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 35 SAU YEM 36 CHI 38 kor 40 PAK 42 nwg 50 aus lhi 51 ctm ker nzl 61 eas 63 haw 70 ask 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 gua 82 clm 83 bol ecu per 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Ascalea lanceolata (L.) Hill; Herb. Brit. [Hill] 1: 72 (1769)
= Carduus chinensis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 629 (1838)
= Carduus divaricatus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 187 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Carduus lanceatus Hill; Veg. Syst. 4: 14 (1762)
= Carduus lanceolatus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 821 (1753)
= Carduus lanceolatus var. arachnoideo-lanuginosus M.Gómez; Noc. Bot. Sist. 91 (1893)
= Carduus nemoralis (Rchb.) E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 14: 59 (1906)
= Carduus samniticus Ten.; Index Sem. (Naples, Neapolitano) 12 (1825)
= Carduus spinosissimus Gerbi; Storia Nat. Nuovo Insetto 9 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Carduus vulgaris Savi; Fl. Pis. 2: 241 (1798)
= Cirsium abyssinicum Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 456 (1848)
= Cirsium atticum Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 406 (1879)
= Cirsium auriculatum E.G.Camus ex Belèze; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 42: 503 (1895)
= Cirsium balearicum Willk.; Ill. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm] 2: (1886) 20 in obs.
= Cirsium carminans Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 74 (1827)
= Cirsium crinitum Boiss. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 305 (1838)
= Cirsium crinitum var. catalaunicum Willk. & Costa; Linnaea 30: 112 (1859)
= Cirsium crinitum var. microcephalum Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 185 (1865)
= Cirsium crinitum var. tenuibracteatum Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1925: no. 5334 (1926)
= Cirsium drijeri Rchb.f.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 15: 60 (1852)
= Cirsium dubium Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 2(1): 155 (1903)
= Cirsium godronii Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 406 (1879)
= Cirsium gracile Rostr. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 406 (1879)
= Cirsium hawaiensis (H.Lév.) H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 189 (1913)
= Cirsium judicariense Porta ex Petr.; Biblioth. Bot. 78: 79 (1912)
= Cirsium lanceolatum (L.) Hill; Herb. Brit. [Hill] 1: 80 (1769)
= Cirsium lanceolatum (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 130 (1771), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium lanceolatum proles sphaeroidale Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 22 (1905)
= Cirsium lanceolatum f. oligocephalum Erdner; Ber. Naturwiss. Vereins Schwaben Neuburg 39-40: 575 (1911)
= Cirsium lanceolatum f. polycephalum Erdner; Ber. Naturwiss. Vereins Schwaben Neuburg 39-40: 575 (1911)
= Cirsium lanceolatum subsp. crinitum (Boiss. ex DC.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 175 (1894)
= Cirsium lanceolatum subsp. hypoleucum (DC.) Beger; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 6(2): 875 (1928)
= Cirsium lanceolatum subsp. nemorale (Rchb.) Werner Christ.; Fl. Kiel [J. A. Christiansen et al.] 235 (1922)
= Cirsium lanceolatum subsp. silvaticum (Tausch) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 758 (1914), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. albiflorum Iverus; Bot. Not. 1875: 81 (1875)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. album N.Coleman; Cat. Fl. Pl. S. Peninsula Michigan 23 (1874)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. australe Murr; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 16: 64 (1898)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. brevilobum Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 77 (1904)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. canum Tausch; Flora 17(2): 516 (1834)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. catalonicum Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 185 (1865)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. discolor Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr. 388 (1858)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. glabratum Peterm.; Flora 27: 482 (1844)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. horridulum Lamotte; Prodr. Fl. Plat. Centr. 2: 424 (1881)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. hypoleucum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 636 (1838)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. jaegeri F.W.Schultz; Fl. Pfalz [F.W.Schultz] 246 (1845)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. lanatum Cariot; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 418 (1889), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. lanatum Peterm.; Anal. Pfl.-Schlüss. 230 (1846)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. latilobum Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 77 (1904)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. longespinosum Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 381 (1927)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. longispinosum Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 21 (1905), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. minus Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 438 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. nemorale (Rchb.) Peterm.; Fl. Lips. Excurs. 596 (1838)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. nemorosum Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 672 (1830)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. ramosissimum Cariot; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 418 (1889)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. rhiphaeum Pau & Font Quer; Iter Marocc. [Font Quer], Exsicc. 1927: no. 688 (1928)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. silvaticum (Tausch) Wender.; Fl. Hassiaca [Wenderoth] 281 (1846)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. stenocephalum Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 78 (1904)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. virens (Timb.-Lagr.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 21 (1905)
= Cirsium lanigerum Nägeli; Cirs. Schweiz 114 (1840)
= Cirsium leucanicum Lojac.; Naturalista Sicil. 3: 283 (1884)
= Cirsium linkii Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur. 23 (1854)
= Cirsium longespinosum Tod. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 406 (1879)
= Cirsium misilmerense Ces., Pass. & Gibelli; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Cesati] 2: 483 (1878)
= Cirsium nemorale Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 286 (1831)
= Cirsium pseudolanceolatum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 418 (1866)
= Cirsium rosani Ten.; Index Sem. (Naples, Neapolitano) (1830) 15, ex Syll. 414
= Cirsium samniticum Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 370 (1841)
= Cirsium san-sebastiani Evers ex Petr.; Biblioth. Bot. 78: 80 (1912)
= Cirsium silvaticum Tausch; Flora 12(1. Ergänzungsbl.): 38 (1829)
= Cirsium strigosum (Hoffmanns. & Link) Cout.; Fl. Portugal, ed. 2: 766 (1939)
= Cirsium sylvaticum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 656 (1838)
= Cirsium tauscheri Simonk. ex Petr.; Biblioth. Bot. 78: 80 (1912)
= Cirsium tempskyanum Rigo ex Huter; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 56: 310 (1906)
= Cirsium virens Timb.-Lagr. & Jeanb. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 406 (1879)
= Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Petr.; Cirsioth. Univ. 4: no. 33 (1912), in sched., ex Airy Shaw in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43: 303, in adnot., et 304 (1938)
= Cirsium vulgare f. erdneri Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18 (1-2): 177 (1973)
= Cirsium vulgare subsp. crinitum (Boiss. ex DC.) Arènes; Bull. Soc. Franç. Échange Pl. Vasc. 1: 21 (1948)
= Cirsium vulgare subsp. crinitum Litard.; Candollea 11: 222 (1948)
= Cirsium vulgare subsp. silvaticum (Tausch) Arènes; Bull. Soc. Franç. Échange Pl. Vasc. 1: 21 (1947 publ. 1948)
= Cirsium vulgare var. album Mozaff.; Fl. Iran [ed. Assadi et al.] 144: 205 (2018)
= Cirsium vulgare var. litorale P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 4: 531 (2006)
= Cirsium vulgare var. nemorale (Rchb.) Tzvelev; Fl. Evropeískoí Chasti S.S.S.R. 7: 240 (1994)
= Cirsium vulgare var. oligocephalum Erdner
= Cnicus hawaiensis H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 122 (1911)
= Cnicus lanceolatus (L.) Willd.; Fl. Berol. Prodr. 259 (1787)
= Cnicus leucophanus Baumg. ex Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 418 (1866)
= Cnicus misilmerensis Tineo ex Ces., Pass. & Gibelli; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Cesati] 2: 483 (1878)
= Cnicus samniticus Ten.; Index Sem. (Naples, Neapolitano) 1825: 12 (1825)
= Cynara lanceata (Hill) Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 4: 155 (1812)
= Epitrachys lanceolata (L.) K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 400 (1851)
= Epitrachys nemoralis K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 400 (1851)
= Epitrachys vulgaris (Savi) K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 402 (1851)
= Eriolepis lanceolata (L.) Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 41: 331 (1826)
= Lophiolepis dubia Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 37: 183 (1823)
= Serratula lanceolata (L.) L.; Amoen. Acad., Linnaeus ed. 4: 490 (1759)
species :
Cirsium wakasugianum
Kadota; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 21(1): 20 (1995)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium waldsteinii
Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 9: 84 (1905), nom. nov.
Name: Waldsteins Kratzdistel
Distribution: Poland; Slovakia; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Ukraine
11 POL SLO 13 BIH CRO KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 UKR
Remarks: populations from the Austrian Alps have been separated as C. greimleri
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus pauciflorus (Waldst. & Kit.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 388 (1807)
= Cirsium pauciflorum (Waldst. & Kit.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 375 (1826) non Lam.
= Cnicus pauciflorus Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2: 175 (1805)
species :
Cirsium wallichii
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 643 (1837)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Badakshan, Kunar / Nuristan, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost); Pakistan (Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Murree, Gilgit, Baltistan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand)
34 AFG 40 BHU IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium macracanthum Sch.Bip.; Flora 35: 135 (1852)
= Cnicus arachnoideus Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2891 (1831), nomen
= Cnicus wallichii (DC.) C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind. 219 (1876)
= Cnicus wallichii (DC.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 363 (1881), isonym
= Echenais ferox Edgew. ex C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind. 318 (1876)
variant :
var. cernua
(Hook.f.) Karthik. & Moorthy; Fl. Pl. India 215 (2009)
Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, West Bengal)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus wallichii var. cernua Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 364 (1881)
= Cnicus cernuus Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2892 (1831), nomen
variant :
var. fasciculatum
(Hook.f.) Babu; Herbac. Fl. Dehra Dun 254 (1977)
Distribution: India (Kerala, Uttarakhand)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus wallichii var. fasciculata Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 364 (1881)
= Cirsium wallichii var. fasciculata (Hook.f.) M.Sharma; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 74(Suppl.): 684 (1979), isonym
= Cirsium wallichii var. fasciculatum (Hook.f.) Manilal & Suresh; Fl. Silent Valley [Manilal] 153 (1988), isonym
= Cirsium wallichii var. fasciculatum (Hook.f.) Raizada; Suppl. Duthie´s Fl. Upper Gangetic Plain 6: 108 (1976), isonym
variant :
var. glabratum
(Hook.f.) Wendelbo; Nytt Mag. Bot. 1: 67 (1952)
Distribution: Afghanistan; Nepal; India (Sikkim)
34 AFG 40 IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium wallichii var. glabrata (Hook.f.) Raizada in Raizada & H.O.Saxena; Fl. Mussoorie 1: 330 (1978), isonym
= Cnicus wallichii var. glabrata Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 364 (1881)
variant :
var. nepalensis
(DC.) Karthik. & Moorthy; Fl. Pl. India 216 (2009)
Distribution: India (Uttarakhand)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium nepalense DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 642 (1838)
= Cnicus argyracanthus var. nepalensis (DC.) C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind. 218 (1876)
= Cnicus wallichii var. nepalensis (DC.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 364 (1881)
variant :
var. platylepis
(Hook.f.) Aswal & Mehrotra; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 1(1-2): 117 (1980)
Distribution: India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus wallichii var. platylepis Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 364 (1881)
variant :
var. wightii
(Hook.f.) Vivek.; Biol. Mem. 2(1-2): 77 (1977)
Distribution: India (Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cnicus wallichii var. wightii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 364 (1881)
species :
Cirsium welwitschii
Coss.; Notes Pl. Crit. 2(3): 118 (1851)
Distribution: W-Portugal
12 POR
species :
Cirsium wheeleri
(A.Gray) Petr.; Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 67 (1911)
Name: Wheeler´s thistle
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus olivescens Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 544 (1910)
= Carduus perennans Greene; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 123 (1898)
= Carduus wheeleri (A.Gray) A.Heller; Cat. N. Amer. Pl. 7 (1898)
= Cirsium blumeri Petr.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 504 (1917)
= Cirsium olivescens Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 1009 (1917) ex Petr.
= Cirsium perennans (Greene) Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 19: 753 (1915)
= Cirsium wheeleri var. salinense S.L.Welsh; Utah Fl., ed. 3: 172 (2003)
= Cnicus wheeleri A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 56 (1883)
species :
Cirsium wrightii
A.Gray; Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6) [Pl. Wright. 2]: 101 (1853)
Name: Wright´s marsh thistle
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus wrightii (A.Gray) A.Heller; Cat. N. Amer. Pl. 8 (1898)
= Cnicus wrightii (A.Gray) A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 41 (1874)
species :
Cirsium wulongense
Z.C.Jin & Y.S.Chen; Phytotaxa 662(2): 204 (2024)
Distribution: China (Chongqing)
36 CHI
species :
Cirsium yachiyotakashimae
Kadota; J. Jap. Bot. 96(3): 144 (2021)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium yakusimense
Masam.; Prelim. Rep. Veg. Yakushima 126 (1929), Masam. in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 219, et in Mem. Fac. Sci. & Agric. Taihoku Imp. Univ. 9(4): 454 (1930 publ. 1934)
Distribution: Japan (Yakushima Isl.)
38 JAP NNS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium chikushiense var. yakusimense (Masam.) Yahara; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 14(2): 113 (1987)
= Cirsium yakumontanum Masam.; (1929) (nom. nud.)
species :
Cirsium yamauchii
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 35(4): 199 (-202; figs. 8-9) (2009)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium yatsu-alpicola
Kadota & Y.Amano; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 17(3): 136 (1991)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium yatsugatakense Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 262 (1913)
= Cirsium nipponicum var. yatsugatakense (Nakai) Kitam. ex Ohwi; (1965)
species :
Cirsium yezoalpinum
H.Koidz. ex Kadota & S.Umezawa; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 39(3): 108 (2013)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium yezoense
(Maxim.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 19: 155 (1905)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium maximowiczii var. riparium Koidz.; (1915)
= Cirsium riparium Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 29: 311 (1915)
= Cirsium yezoense (Maxim.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 26(no. 312): 374 (1912), isonym
= Cirsium yoshizawae Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33: 221 (1919)
= Cirsium zhejiangense Z.H.Chen & X.F.Jin; J. Pl. Resource Environ. 30: 2 (2021)
= Cnicus japonicus var. yezoensis Maxim.; Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 9(livr. 3): 324 (1874)
species :
Cirsium yoshidae
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 34(1): 35 (2008)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium yuki-uenoanum
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 40(2): 86 (2014)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium yuzawae
Kadota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 35(4): 196 (-199; figs. 6-7) (2009)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium zamoranense
Rzed.; Acta Bot. Mex. 29: 104 (1994)
Distribution: Mexico (Guanajuato, Queretaro)
79 MEX
species :
Cirsium zarkosii
Kit Tan, Vold & V.Christodoulou; Phytol. Balcan. 20(1): 128 (2014)
Distribution: Greece (N-Peloponnisos: Mt. Killini)
13 GRC
species :
Cirsium zawoense
Kadota; Bull. Nation. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 25(3): 100 (1999)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium ×abetonense
E.Michálk. & Bureš; Pl. Syst. Evol. 309(3)-20: 17 (2023)
Distribution: Italy
13 ITA
Remarks: Cirsium bertolonii x erisithales
species :
Cirsium ×affine
Tausch.; Flora 16: 228 (1833)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Thüringen); Czech Republic; European Russia; etc.
11 CZE GER 14 RUS
Remarks: Cirsium heterophyllum (L.) Hill x oleraceum (L.) Scop.
species :
Cirsium ×alpestre
Nägeli; Cirs. Schweiz 84 (1840)
Distribution: Switzerland; Austria; Czech Republic; Spain; etc.
11 AUT CZE SWI 12 SPA
Remarks: Cirsium acaulon ssp. acaulon x heterophyllum
species :
Cirsium ×arisitense
Coste & Soulié; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: CVI (1897)
Distribution: Spain; France
12 FRA SPA
Remarks: Cirsium monspessulanum x tuberosum
species :
Cirsium ×aschersonii
Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2: 263 (1873)
Distribution: Germany (Sachsen); Czech Republic; etc.
11 CZE GER
Remarks: Cirsium canum x tuberosum
species :
Cirsium ×ausserdorferi
Hausm. ex Treuinf.; Z. Ferdinandeums Tirol, Ser. 3, 19: 111 (1875)
Distribution: Austria; etc.
11 AUT
Remarks: Cirsium erisithales x oleraceum x palustre
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ×haussmannii var. ausserdorferi (Hausm. ex Treuinf.) Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 45 (1904)
species :
Cirsium ×austropannonicum
Simonk.
Distribution: Czech Republic; Slovakia; etc.
11 CZE SLO
Remarks: Cirsium canum x pannonicum
species :
Cirsium ×bifrons
Arv.-Touv.; Essai Pl. Dauphiné 53 (1873)
Distribution: France; etc.
12 FRA
Remarks: Cirsium alsophilum x heterophyllum
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ×bifrons var. montanoformis Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 60 (1904)
species :
Cirsium ×bigerriense
Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 44 (1904)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: Cirsium monspessulanum x rivulare
species :
Cirsium ×bipontinum
F.W.Schultz; Arch. Fl. France Allem. [F.W.Schultz] 34 (1842)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Czech Republic; etc.
11 CZE GER
Remarks: Cirsium oleraceum x vulgare
species :
Cirsium ×boulayi
E.G.Camus; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 38: 106 (1891)
Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Bayern, Sachsen-Anhalt); etc.
11 GER
Remarks: Cirsium acaule x arvense
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium babingtonii Rouy; Ill. Pl. Eur., t. 362 (1901)
= Cirsium ×gibsonii (H.C.Watson) Druce; List Brit. Pl. 39 (1908), nom. inval.
= Cirsium ×jaubertianum Sennen & Septimin; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 15: 237 (1916)
= Cirsium ×sextenum Ausserd. ex Huter; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 56: 478 (1906)
species :
Cirsium ×bourgaeanum
Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 191 (1865)
Distribution: C-Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: Cirsium filipendulum x palustre
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ×palustre Coss. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 191 (1865), nom. inval.
species :
Cirsium ×braun-blanquetianum
Lawalrée; Phytocoenologia 2(1-2): 27 (1975)
Distribution: Europe
Error
Remarks: Cirsium montanum x oleraceum
species :
Cirsium ×breunium
Goller & Huter; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 56: 309 (1906)
Distribution: Austria; Czech Republic; etc.
11 AUT CZE
Remarks: Cirsium heterophyllum x vulgare
species :
Cirsium ×breviscapum
Eichenf.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 43: 52 (1893)
Distribution: Austria; etc.
11 AUT
Remarks: Cirsium acaule x montanum
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium orgyale Tausch; Flora 12(1. Ergänzungsbl.): 41 (1829), nom. inval.
= Cirsium tauschii DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 656 (1838), nom. superfl.
species :
Cirsium ×brunneri
A.Braun ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 407 (1879)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern); etc.
11 GER
Remarks: Cirsium rivulare x tuberosum
species :
Cirsium ×burgalense
Elías & Pau; Pl. Espagne [Exsicc.] 1908, no. 938 (1908-1909), in sched.
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: Cirsium pyrenaicum x tuberosum
species :
Cirsium ×candolleanum
Nägeli; Cirs. Schweiz 98 (1840)
Distribution: Switzerland; Spain; France; etc.
11 SWI 12 FRA SPA
Remarks: Cirsium erisithales x oleraceum
species :
Cirsium ×celakovskianum
Knaf; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 22: 309 (1872)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland); Ireland (Ireland); Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Thüringen)
10 GRB IRE 11 GER
Remarks: Cirsium arvense x palustre
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium arvensi-palustre Nägeli; Dispos. Spec. Gen. Cirs. 1000 (1845)
species :
Cirsium ×connexum
Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 2 (1931)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
Remarks: Cirsium buergeri x lucens
species :
Cirsium ×csepeliense
Borbás; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 28: 392 (1878)
Distribution: Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt)
11 GER
Remarks: Cirsium arvense x vulgare
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ×pulchrum E.G.Camus; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 38: 81 (1891)
species :
Cirsium ×erisithaliforme
Preissm.; Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereines Steiermark 30: 224 (1894)
Distribution: Europe
Error
Remarks: Cirsium arvense x erisithales
species :
Cirsium ×erucagineum
(Lam.) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 115 (1805)
Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Sachsen); Czech Republic; Slovakia; Spain; France; European Russia; etc.
11 CZE GER SLO 12 FRA SPA 14 RUS
Remarks: Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop. x rivulare (Jacq.) All.
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×erucagineus Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 704 (1785)
= Cirsium ×praemorsum (Michl) Bluff & Fingerh.; Comp. Fl. German. [Bluff & Fingerhuth] 1: 317 (1825)
= Cnicus ×praemorsus Michl; Flora 3: 317 (1820)
= Cirsium ×praemorsum (Michl) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1(2): 397 (1837)
species :
Cirsium ×fabium
Porta ex Kern.; Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. [Kerner] 5: 63 (1889)
Distribution: Austria; etc.
11 AUT
Remarks: Cirsium erisithales x montanum
species :
Cirsium ×forsteri
(Sm.) Loudon; Hort. Brit. [Loudon], Suppl. 1: 585 (1832)
Distribution: England (England, Wales); Ireland (Ireland, +Northern Ireland); France; etc.
10 GRB IRE 12 FRA
Remarks: Cirsium dissectum x palustre
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus pratensis var. forsteri (Sm.) Moore & More; Contr. Cybele Hibern. 165 (1866)
= Carduus ×forsteri (Sm.) Bab.; Man. Brit. Bot. [Babington] 173 (1843)
= Cnicus ×forsteri Sm.; Engl. Fl. 3: 390 (1825)
species :
Cirsium ×freyerianum
W.D.J.Koch; Taschenb. Deut. Schweiz. Fl. 288 (1843)
Distribution: Czech Republic; Slovakia; Croatia; etc.
11 CZE SLO 13 CRO
Remarks: Cirsium acaulon x pannonicum
species :
Cirsium ×gayi
Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 44 (1904)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: Cirsium glabrum x monspessulanum
species :
Cirsium ×giresunicum
Yıldız, Arabacı & Dirmenci; Türl. Hab. 4(2): 128 (2023)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Cirsium ×glabrifolium
(C.Winkl.) O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkestanicae [O.A.Fedchenko & B.A.Fedchenko] 4: 286 (1911)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang); Tibet; Mongolia
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI TIB 37 MON
Remarks: Cirsium semenovii x sieversii
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium glabrifolium (C.Winkl.) Petr.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 61(9): 324 (1911)
= Cnicus ×glabrifolius C.Winkl.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9(2): 523 (1886)
species :
Cirsium ×grossheimii
Petr.; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada, n. s. 2: 43 (1926)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus
33 NCS
Remarks: Cirsium echinus (M. Bieb.) Hand.-Mazz. x subinerme Fisch. & C. A. Mey.
species :
Cirsium ×guthnickianum
M.Loehr; Enum. Fl. Deutschland 365 (1852)
Distribution: Europe
Error
Remarks: Cirsium acaulon x spinosissimum
species :
Cirsium ×heerianum
Nägeli; Cirs. Schweiz 75 (1840)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Czech Republic; etc.
11 CZE GER
Remarks: Cirsium acaulon x rivulare
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ×soubiellei Sennen & Septimin; Pl. Espagne [Exsicc.] 1916, no. 2713 (1916-1917), in sched.
species :
Cirsium ×helenioides
(L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 64 (1768)
Distribution: Sweden; Germany (Sachsen); Czech Republic; Spain; France; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; Siberia (Altai); Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia; etc.
10 SWE 11 CZE GER 12 FRA SPA 14 RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON
Remarks: Cirsium heterophyllum x rivulare
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×helenioides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 825 (1753), pro sp.
= Cirsium helenioides subsp. angarense Popov
= Cirsium helenioides var. altaicum Lomon.; Turczaninowia 4(1-2): 77 (2001)
= Cirsium heterophylloides Pavlov; Fl. Centr. Kazakhst. 3: 313 (1938), not Treuinfels (1875)
= Cirsium heterophyllum f. helenioides (L.) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 760 (1914)
= Cirsium heterophyllum var. angarense Popov; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 2: 753 (1959)
= Cirsium heterophyllum var. helenioides (L.) Fiek; Fl. Schlesien [Fiek] 235 (1881), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium ×ambiguum All.; Auct. Fl. Pedem. 10 (1789)
= Cirsium ×heterophyllum nothovar. indivisum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 653 (1838)
= Cnicus helenioides (L.) Retz.; Fl. Scand. Prodr. ed. 2, 191 (1795)
species :
Cirsium ×hybridum
W.D.J.Koch ex DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], ed. 3, 5: 463 (1815)
Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Czech Republic; Slovakia; Spain; France; European Russia; etc.
11 CZE GER SLO 12 FRA SPA 14 RUS
Remarks: Cirsium oleraceum x palustre
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ×benzii Murr; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 12(10-12): 127 ("95") (1894)
= Cirsium ×flavescens Peterm.; Flora 27: 491 (1844)
= Cirsium ×hybridum subsp. oleraceiforme Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 4(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 4): 812 (1881)
= Cirsium ×hybridum subsp. palustriforme Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 4(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 4): 812 (1881)
= Cirsium ×hybridum var. integrifolium Wallr.; Scholion zu Hampe´s Prodr. Fl. Hercyn.: 263 (1840), nom. inval.
= Cirsium ×hybridum var. laciniatum Wallr.; Scholion zu Hampe´s Prodr. Fl. Hercyn.: 263 (1840), nom. inval.
= Cirsium ×hybridum var. pinnatifidum Wallr.; Scholion zu Hampe´s Prodr. Fl. Hercyn.: 263 (1840), nom. inval.
species :
Cirsium ×iburiense
Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 7 (1931)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium ×ispolatovii
Iljin ex Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 28: 151 (1991)
Distribution: European Russia
14 RUS
Remarks: Cirsium roseolum x vulgare
species :
Cirsium ×kirschlegeri
Sch.Bip.; Jahresber. Pollichia 2: 33 (1844)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt); Czech Republic; Spain; etc.
11 CZE GER 12 SPA
Remarks: Cirsium acaulon x palustre
species :
Cirsium ×kornhuberi
Heimerl; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 34: 95 (1884)
Distribution: Czech Republic; Slovakia; etc.
11 CZE SLO
Remarks: Cirsium pannonicum x rivulare
species :
Cirsium ×kozlovskyi
Petr.; Izv. Kavkazsk. Muz. 8: 76 (1914)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus; Turkey
33 NCS 34 TUR
Remarks: Cirsium obvallatum (M. Bieb.) Fisch. x simplex C. A. Mey.
species :
Cirsium ×kretschmeri
Rothm. & O.Schwarz; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 42: 297 (1937)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern); etc.
11 GER
Remarks: Cirsium oleraceum x palustre x rivulare
species :
Cirsium ×lachenalii
(C.C.Gmel.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 397 (1837)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Slovakia; etc.
11 GER SLO
Remarks: Cirsium oleraceum x tuberosum
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium braunii F.W.Schultz ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 409 (1879)
= Cirsium bulbosum var. pallens Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 1: 445 (1822)
= Cirsium lachenalii (C.C.Gmel.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 648 (1838)
= Cirsium ×braunii F.W.Schultz; Fl. Pfalz [F.W.Schultz] 250 (1845), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium ×inerme Haller ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 287 (1832)
= Cirsium ×pallens (Wallr.) Wallr.; Scholion zu Hampe´s Prodr. Fl. Hercyn.: 265 (1840)
= Cnicus ×lachenalii C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. [C.C.Gmelin] 3: 380 (1808)
species :
Cirsium ×linkianum
M.Loehr; Enum. Fl. Deutschland 364 (1852)
Distribution: Slovakia; etc.
11 SLO
Remarks: Cirsium erisithales x oleraceum x pannonicum
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium polymorphum Dolliner ex Hausm.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 375 (1858)
= Cirsium portae Hausm.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 373 (1858)
species :
Cirsium ×lojkae
Sommier & Levier; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 2: 15 (1895)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
Remarks: Cirsium echinus x obvallatum
species :
Cirsium ×mazanderanicum
Petr.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 97: 247 (1950)
Distribution: Iran (N-Iran)
34 IRN
Remarks: Cirsium hygrophilum x obvallatum
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium hygrophilum var. mazanderanicum (Petr.) Parsa; Fl. Iran [Parsa] 10: 140 (1980)
species :
Cirsium ×medium
All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 149 (1785)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Spain; France; Italy; etc.
11 GER 12 FRA SPA 13 ITA
Remarks: Cirsium acaulon x tuberosum
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus medius (All.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 152 (1821)
= Carduus ×pumilus Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 3: 17 (1789)
= Cirsium ×colmeiroi Sennen & Pau ex Sennen; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 24: 243 (1914)
= Cirsium ×salvadori Sennen & Pau ex Sennen; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 24: 243 (1914)
= Cirsium ×zizianum W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1(2): 398 (1837)
species :
Cirsium ×mirabile
Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 7 (1931)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Remarks: Cirsium nipponicum var. yoshinoi x sieboldii
species :
Cirsium ×misawaense
Nakai ex Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 175 (1933)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
Remarks: Cirsium nipponicum var. incomptum x purpuratum
species :
Cirsium ×moravicum
Petr.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 2(1): 34 (1960)
Distribution: Europe
Error
Remarks: Cirsium arvense x rivulare
species :
Cirsium ×muellneri
Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2: 1250 (1893)
Distribution: Czech Republic
11 CZE
Remarks: Cirsium oleracum x pannonicum
species :
Cirsium ×murrianum
Khek; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 38: 96 (1925)
Distribution: Europe
Error
Remarks: Cirsium canum x heterophyllum
species :
Cirsium ×nevadense
Willk.Willk.; Linnaea 30: 111 (1859) [nothossp.]
subspecies :
subsp. nevadense
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: Cirsium acaulon ssp. gregarium x pyrenaicum
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ×gregarioides Porta & Rigo ex Pau; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., Sér. 3, 16: 77 (1906)
= Cnicus paludosus Loisel.; Fl. Gall. [Loiseleur] 2: 542 (1807)
subspecies :
subsp. fontquerii
(Romo) Mateo & M.B.Crespo; Fl. Montiber. 59: 91 (2015) [nothossp.]
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: Cirsium acaulon ssp. acaulon x valdespinulosum
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ×fontqueri Romo; Estud. Mus. Cienc. Nat. Álava 10-11: 200 (1995-96 publ. 1996)
species :
Cirsium ×neyrae
E.G.Camus; Bull. Herb. Boissier 2: 41 (1892)
Distribution: Spain; Andorra; etc.
12 ADO SPA
Remarks: Cirsium monspessulanum x palustre
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ×borderei Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 44 (1904)
= Cirsium ×fani Sennen; Pl. Espagne [Exsicc.] 1923, no. 4764 (1923-1924), in sched.
species :
Cirsium ×norrisii
C.Bicknell; Malpighia 8: 392 (1894)
Distribution: Europe
Error
Remarks: Cirsium erisithales x tuberosum
species :
Cirsium ×ochroleucum
All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 150 (1785), pro sp.
Distribution: Spain; France; Italy; etc.
12 FRA SPA 13 ITA
Remarks: Cirsium erisithales x palustre
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ochroleucus (All.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 389 (1807)
= Cirsium erisithales subsp. ochroleucum (All.) Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 190 (1829)
= Cirsium ×arvernense Hérib.; Bull. Soc. Étude Fl. Franco-Helv. 623 (1897)
= Cirsium ×haussmannii Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 6, 45 (1904), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium ×hunyadense Kárpáti; (1940)
= Cirsium ×huteri Hausm. ex Treuinf.; Z. Ferdinandeums Tirol 3(19): 221 (1875)
= Cirsium ×ochroleucum nothovar. beta DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 115 (1805)
= Cirsium ×variabile Porta; Atti Imp. Regia Accad. Rovereto, Ser. 3, 11(2): 5 (1905), nom. illeg.
= Cnicus ochroleucus (All.) Spreng.; Erster Nachtr. Bot. Gart. Halle 19 (1801)
species :
Cirsium ×okamotoi
Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 13 (Compos. Jap. 1): 132 (1937), pro hybr.
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ×okamotoi f. albiflorum Kadota; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 30: 130 (2004)
species :
Cirsium ×patens
Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 9 (1931)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Remarks: Cirsium oligophyllum x tenuipedunculatum
species :
Cirsium ×perplexissimum
Kitam.; Compos. Nov. Jap. 10 (1931)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium ×pilosum
Kitam.; Cirs. Nov. Orient.-Asiat. 18 (1931)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium ×praealpinum
Beck; Fl. Hernstein [Beck] 440 (1884)
Distribution: Europe
Error
Remarks: Cirsium erisithales x rivulare
species :
Cirsium ×prativagum
Petr.; Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 19: 22 (1911)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
Remarks: Cirsium kuznezowianum Sommier & Levier x obvallatum (M. Bieb.) Fisch.
species :
Cirsium ×pskemense
Lazkov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 40: 225 (2008)
Distribution: Kyrgyzstan
32 KGZ
species :
Cirsium ×purpureum
All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 150 (1785)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern); etc.
11 GER
Remarks: Cirsium heterophyllum x spinosissimum
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×autareticus Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 3(1): 12 (1788)
= Carduus ×hastatus Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 704 (1785)
= Cirsium ×autareticum (Vill.) Mutel; Fl. Dauphiné, éd. 2: 262 (1848)
= Cirsium ×cenisium Arv.-Touv.; Monogr. Pilosella & Hieracium, Suppl. 38 (1876)
= Cirsium ×cervini W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 399 (1837)
= Cirsium ×controversum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 654 (1838)
= Cirsium ×erucagineum var. hallerianum (Gaudin) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 649 (1838)
= Cirsium ×hallerianum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 188 (1829)
= Cirsium ×hastatum (Lam.) Thell. ex Schinz; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 55: 276 (1910)
= Cirsium ×heterophylloides Treuinf.; Z. Ferdinandeums Tirol 3(19): 245 (1875)
= Cirsium ×spinosissimoides Ausserd. ex Treuinf.; Z. Ferdinandeums Tirol 3(19): 250 (1875)
= Cnicus ×cervini E.Thomas ex Schleich.; Cat. Pl. Helv., ed. 4: 13 (1821), nom. inval.
= Serratula ×autaretica (Vill.) Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 6: 563 (1805)
species :
Cirsium ×reichardtii
Jur.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 9: 317 (1859)
Distribution: Europe; European Russia
14 RUS
Remarks: Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop. x waldsteinii Rouy
species :
Cirsium ×rigens
(Dryand. ex Aiton) Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 446 (1822)
Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Czech Republic; Slovakia; European Russia; etc.
11 CZE GER SLO 14 RUS
Remarks: Cirsium acaule x oleraceum
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus acaulis var. rigens (Wallr.) Fr.; Novit. Fl. Svec. 96 (1823)
= Carduus ×rigens Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 144 (1789), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium decoloratum W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 1, 2: 398 (1837), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium rigens (Dryand. ex Aiton) Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. [Sprengel] 3: 38 (1822)
= Cirsium ×rigens subsp. acauliforme Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2(2) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2): 260 (1871)
= Cirsium ×rigens subsp. oleraceiforme Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2(2) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2): 260 (1871)
= Cirsium ×rigens var. arrectilobum Peterm.; Flora 27: 485 (1844)
= Cirsium ×rigens var. dissectum Peterm.; Flora 27: 485 (1844)
= Cirsium ×tataricum DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 3: 114 (1805)
= Cnicus ×rigens (Dryand. ex Aiton) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1675 (1803)
species :
Cirsium ×sabaudum
M.Loehr; Enum. Fl. Deutschland 362 (1852)
Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Bayern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Czech Republic
11 CZE GER
Remarks: Cirsium acaulon x vulgare
species :
Cirsium ×sagrense
E.Michálk. & Bureš; Pl. Syst. Evol. 309(3)-20: 16 (2023)
Distribution: Italy
13 ITA
Remarks: Cirsium acaule x bertolonii
species :
Cirsium ×schultzianum
M.Loehr; Enum. Fl. Deutschland 365 (1852)
Distribution: Europe
Error
Remarks: Cirsium rivulare x spinosissimum
species :
Cirsium ×semidecurrens
Richt. ex Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 673 (1830)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Spain; France; etc.
11 GER 12 FRA SPA
Remarks: Cirsium palustre x tuberosum
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×palatinus Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 413 (1879)
= Cirsium lanceolatum var. semidecurrens J.L.Jäger ex F.W.Schultz; Fl. Pfalz [F.W.Schultz] 246 (1845)
= Cirsium palustri-bulbosum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 6: 646 (1838)
= Cirsium ×kochianum M.Loehr; Flora 25: 111 (1842)
= Cirsium ×laciniatum Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 508 (1843), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium ×laciniatum Döll ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 409 (1879)
= Cirsium ×laciniatum var. kochianum (M.Loehr) Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 508 (1843), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium ×laciniatum var. palatinum Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 508 (1843), nom. illeg.
= Cirsium ×palatinum (Sch.Bip. ex Döll) Talavera; Fl. Iber. [Castroviejo et al.] 16(1): 177 (2014), nom. inval.
= Cirsium ×palatinum Sch.Bip. ex Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 508 (1843)
= Cirsium ×semidecurrens var. palatinum (Sch.Bip. ex Döll) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 409 (1879)
species :
Cirsium ×sessile
Peterm.; Flora 27: 486 (1844)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Slovakia; European Russia; etc.
11 GER SLO 14 RUS
Remarks: Cirsium arvense x oleraceum
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ×reichenbachianum M.Loehr; Enum. Fl. Deutschland 364 (1852)
species :
Cirsium ×siegertii
Sch.Bip. ex Reichardt; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 11(Abh.): 372 (1861), nom. inval.
Distribution: Czech Republic; Slovakia; etc.
11 CZE SLO
Remarks: Cirsium canum x rivulare
species :
Cirsium ×silesiacum
Sch.Bip.; Jahresber. Pollichia 2: t. a tergo paginae 34 (1844)
Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Bayern, Sachsen); Czech Republic; Slovakia; European Russia; etc.
11 CZE GER SLO 14 RUS
Remarks: Cirsium canum x palustre
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ×wimmeri Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2(2) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2): 263 (1871)
= Cirsium ×silesiacum Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 409 (1881)
species :
Cirsium ×soroksarense
Wagner; Bot. Közlem. 20: 84 (1922)
Distribution: Europe
Error
Remarks: Cirsium arvense x canum
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ×polivkae Podp.; Spisy Přír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 12: 33 (1922)
species :
Cirsium ×spinifolium
Beck; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 29(10): 312 (1881)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern)
11 GER
Remarks: Cirsium palustre x spinosissimum
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ×foliosum Rhiner; Tabell. Fl. Schweizer Kantone 42 (1869), nom. illeg.
species :
Cirsium ×subalpinum
Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 182 (1829)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Sachsen); Switzerland; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; European Russia; etc.
11 AUT CZE GER SLO SWI 14 RUS
Remarks: Cirsium palustre x rivulare
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ×lacteum (Schleich. ex Gaudin) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 394 (1837)
= Cirsium ×lamottei Neyra & E.G.Camus; Bull. Soc. Étude Fl. Franco-Helv. 40 (1893)
= Cirsium ×subalpinum subsp. palustriforme Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2(2) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2): 264 (1871)
= Cirsium ×subalpinum subsp. rivulariforme Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2(2) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2): 264 (1871)
= Cirsium ×subalpinum var. lacteum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 5: 183 (1829)
= Cirsium ×wirtgenii M.Loehr; Enum. Fl. Deutschland 362 (1852)
= Cnicus ×lacteus Schleich.; Cat. Pl. Helv., ed. 4: 13 (1821), nom. inval.
species :
Cirsium ×subspinuligerum
Peterm.; Deutschl. Flora [Petermann] 3: 1 (1849)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Sachsen); Czech Republic; etc.
11 CZE GER
Remarks: Cirsium palustre x vulgare
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ×naegelianum M.Loehr; Enum. Fl. Deutschland 362 (1852)
= Cirsium ×camusii Guétrot; Pl. Hybrid. France 1-2: 30 (1927), nom. illeg.
species :
Cirsium ×sudae
E.Michálk. & Bureš; Preslia 90(4): 356 (2018)
Distribution: Austria
11 AUT
Remarks: Cirsium carniolicum x greimleri
species :
Cirsium ×sugimotoi
Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 13 (Compos. Jap. 1): 132 (1937)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Cirsium ×suspiciosum
Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2: 1243 (1893)
Distribution: Austria; Czech Republic; etc.
11 AUT CZE
Remarks: Cirsium palustre x pannonicum
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ×hemipterum Borbás; Természet (Pest) 9: 122 (1877), nomen
species :
Cirsium ×tataricum
(L.) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 4: 114 (1805)
Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Bayern, Sachsen, Thüringen); Czech Republic; Slovakia; European Russia; etc.
11 CZE GER SLO 14 RUS
Remarks: Cirsium canum x oleraceum
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×tataricus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 825 (1753)
= Cirsium ×laeve Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 227 (1802), nom. illeg.
= Cnicus ×tartaricus (L.) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1677 (1803)
species :
Cirsium ×tiroliense
Treuinf.; Cirs. Tirol 63 (1875)
Distribution: Austria; Spain; France; Italy; etc.
11 AUT 12 FRA SPA 13 ITA
Remarks: Cirsium acaulon ssp. acaulon x erisithales
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ×michaleti Rouy; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 74 (1904)
species :
Cirsium ×vivantii
L.Villar, Segarra, J.López, Pérez-Coll. & Catalán; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 154(3): 430 (2007)
Distribution: Spain; France
12 FRA SPA
Remarks: Cirsium carniolicum ssp. rufescens x palustre
species :
Cirsium ×wankelii
Reichardt; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 11: 381 (1861)
Distribution: Czech Republic; Slovakia; European Russia; etc.
11 CZE SLO 14 RUS
Remarks: Cirsium heterophyllum (L.) Hill x palustre (L.) Scop.
species :
Cirsium ×wettsteinii
Petr.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 329 (1908)
Distribution: Czech Republic
11 CZE
Remarks: Cirsium canum x oleraceum x palustre
species :
Cirsium ×wiedemannii
Khek; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 3: 7 (1897)
Distribution: Europe
Error
Remarks: Cirsium pannonicum x rivulare
species :
Cirsium ×winkleri
Font Quer; Sched. Fl. Iber. Selectam, Cent. 2-3: no. 291 (1935)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: Cirsium flavispina x gregarium
species :
Cirsium ×winklerianum
Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2: 262 (1873)
Distribution: Germany (Sachsen); Czech Republic; etc.
11 CZE GER
Remarks: Cirsium acaule x canum
Synonyms: hidden
= Cirsium ×winklerianum subsp. acauliforme Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2(2) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2): 262 (1871)
= Cirsium ×winklerianum subsp. caniforme Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 2(2) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 2): 262 (1871)
= Cirsium ×wimmeri Sch.Bip. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 410 (1879), nom. illeg.
species :
Cirsium ×woodwardii
(H.C.Watson) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 407 (1879)
Distribution: Europe
Error
Remarks: Cirsium acaulon x dissectum
Synonyms: hidden
= Carduus ×woodwardii H.C.Watson; Cybele Brit. 3: 456 (1852)
= Cirsium ×grenieri Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 38: 107 (1891)
= Cirsium ×submedium Hy; Bull. Soc. Étude Fl. Franco-Helv. 13 (1895)
= Cnicus ×woodwardii (H.C.Watson) F.Hanb.; London Cat. Brit. Pl. [H.C.Watson], ed. 9: 24 (1895)
species :
Cirsium ×woronowii
Petr.; Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 19: 19 (1911)
Distribution: Transcaucasus
Error
Remarks: Cirsium hypoleucum DC. x obvallatum (M. Bieb.) Fisch.
