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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

453.0000 Family Gentianaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 141 (1789), nom. cons.
95 genera, ca. 1850 spp.
Species listed in database: 1852; hybrids: 23
= Chironiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 1(104-114): 1, 36 (1823)
= Coutoubeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 168 (1820)
= Obolariaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 427 (1820)
= Potaliaceae Mart.; Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 2: 89, 91, 133 (1827)
= Saccifoliaceae Maguire & Pires; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 29: 242 (1978)
453.0533 Genus Comastoma (Wettst.) Toyok.; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 74: 198 (1961)
Distribution: temp. Asia, Himalayas, China /Tibet (11)
Species listed in database: 19
= Heteroclita Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 27 (1837)
= Monosteria Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 49 (1837)
species :
Comastoma alashanicum Y.Z.Zhao & Z.Y.Chu; Key Vasc. Pl. Inner Mongolia 186 (2014), nom. inval., et Fl. Intramongol. [ed. 3] 4: 87 (2020)
Distribution: China (Ningxia)
36 CHI
species :
Comastoma cyananthiflorum (Franch.) Holub; Folia Geobot. & Phytotax., Praha 2: 120 (1967)
Distribution: China (SE-Qinghai, Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Comastoma maclarenii (Harry Sm.) Holub; Folia Geobot. & Phytotax., Praha 3: 217 (1968)
= Gentiana cyananthiflora Franch.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 126 (1890)
= Gentianella cyananthiflora (Franch.) Harry Sm.; H. F. von Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 981 (1936)
= Gentianella maclarenii Harry Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 26: 253 (1965)
variant :
var. acutifolium Ma & H.W.Li ex T.N.Ho; Acta Biol. Plateau Sin. 1: 37 (1982)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Comastoma dechyanum (Sommier & Levier) Holub; Folia Geobot. & Phytotax., Praha 2: 120 (1967)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Gentiana dechyana Sommier & Levier; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital., 77 (1896)
species :
Comastoma disepalum H.W.Li ex T.N.Ho; Acta Biol. Plateau Sin. 1: 37 (1982)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Comastoma falcatum (Turcz.) Toyok.; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 74: 198 (1961)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Wakhan); China (Gansu, Hebei, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shanxi, NW-Sichuan, Xinjiang); Tibet; Mongolia; NE-Pakistan (Baltistan, Pamirs, Karakorum); Nepal; India (Jammu & Kashmir, Chumbi)
30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 40 IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Gentiana cordisepala Murb.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 49: 243 (1899)
= Gentiana falcata Turcz. ex Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 404 (1842)
= Gentiana hedinii Murb.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 49: 241 (1899)
= Gentianella falcata (Turcz.) Harry Sm. ex S.Nilsson; Grana Palyn. 7: 144 (1967)
species :
Comastoma henryi (Hemsl.) Holub; Folia Geobot. & Phytotax., Praha 2: 120 (1968)
Distribution: China (W-Hubei, E-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Gentiana henryi Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 128 (1890)
species :
Comastoma irinae (Pachom.) Czerep.; Vasc. Pl. Russia & Adj. States (former USSR): 268 (1995)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Gentiana irinae Pachom.; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 8: 169 (1986)
species :
Comastoma jigzhiense T.N.Ho & J.Q.Liu; Novon 6(2): 187 (1996)
Distribution: China (Qinghai)
36 CHI
species :
Comastoma malyschevii (Zuev) Zuev; Bot. Zhurn. 75(9): 1304 (1990)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Tuva, Yakutia); Mongolia
30 SIB 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Gentianella malyschevii Zuev; Bot. Zhurn., 70(10): 1401 (1985)
= Gentiana malyschevii (Zuev) Gubanov & Kamelin; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol. 92(1): 122 (1987)
species :
Comastoma muliense (C.Marquand) T.N.Ho; Acta Biol. Plateau Sin. 1: 38 (1982)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Gentiana muliensis C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 53 (1928)
species :
Comastoma nanum (Wulfen) Toyok.; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 74: 198 (1961)
Name: Zwerg-Enzian
Distribution: Austria; Italy; Croatia (E-Alps)
11 AUT 13 CRO ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gentiana glacialis var. pumila Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 2: 292 (1828)
= Gentiana nana Wulfen; Jacq., Misc. Austriac. 1: 161 (1779)
= Gentiana tenella f. nana (Wulfen) Bolzon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1910: 72 (1910)
= Gentiana tenella var. nana (Wulfen) Bolzon; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s. 21: 197 (1914)
= Gentianella nana (Wulfen) N.M.Pritch.; Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 65: 260 (1972)
= Lomatogonium nanum (Wulfen) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Notiser, cxiv. 42 (1961)
species :
Comastoma pedunculatum (Royle ex G.Don) Holub; Folia Geobot. & Phytotax., Praha 3: 218 (1968)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Qinghai, W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); Tibet; Pakistan (Hazara, Gilgit, Deosai, Baltistan); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Kashmir, Sikkim)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Eurythalia pedunculata Royle ex D.Don; Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 516 (1837)
= Gentianella pedunculata (Royle ex D.Don) Harry Sm. ex S.Nilsson; Grana Palyn. 7: 144 (1967)
= Gentiana pedunculata Royle ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 182 (1837)
species :
Comastoma polycladum (Diels & Gilg) T.N.Ho; Acta Biol. Plateau Sin. 1: 39 (1982)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Qinghai, Nei Mongol, Shanxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Comastoma limprichtii (Gruning) Toyok.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 74: 198 (1961)
= Gentiana limprichtii Grüning; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 308 (1913)
= Gentiana polyclada Diels & Gilg; K. Futterer, Durch Asien, Bot.: 16 (1903)
= Gentianella limprichtii (Grüning) Harry Sm. ex S.Nilsson; Grana Palyn. 7: 144 (1967)
species :
Comastoma pseudopulmonarium Omer; Candollea 47(2): 547 (1992)
Distribution: N-India (Nubra, Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Gentianella pseudopulmonaria Harry Sm.; ined.
species :
Comastoma pulmonarium (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Toyok.; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 74: 198 (1961)
subspecies :
subsp. pulmonarium
Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Irkutsk); China (Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Mongolia
30 SIB 36 CHI TIB 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Comastoma arrectum (Franch.) Holub; Folia Geobot. & Phytotax., Praha 3: 217 (1968)
= Comastoma pulmonarium f. albiflorum Hid.Takah.; Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 1(4): 22 (1971)
= Comastoma pulmonarium subsp. arrectum (Franch.) Toyok.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 74: 198 (1961)
= Gentiana arrecta Franch.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 124 (1890)
= Gentiana holdereriana Diels & Gilg; K. Futterer, Durch Asien, Bot.: 17 (1903)
= Gentiana pulmonaria Turcz.; Flora (1834) I. Beibl. 19, nomen, et in Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 22:II. 317 ex Ledeb. (1849)
= Gentianella arrecta (Franch.) Harry Sm. ex S.Nilsson; Grana Palyn. 7: 144 (1967)
= Gentianella pulmonaria (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Harry Sm.; H. F. von Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 980 (1936)
= Gentianella pulmonaria (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Zuev; Bot. Zhurn. 70(7): 923 (1985), isonym, isonym
subspecies :
subsp. sectum (Satake) Toyok.; Bot. Mag. Tokyo 74: 198 (1961)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Comastoma sectum (Satake) Holub; Folia Geobot. & Phytotax., Praha 2: 120 (1967)
= Gentiana secta (Satake) Ohwi; Fl. Jap. 951 (1953), sine relat. loc., Ohwi in Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, No.33, 83 (1953)
= Gentiana takedae var. secta Satake; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 423 (1940)
= Gentianella secta (Satake) Satake; Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, n. s., 4(43): 277 (1959)
species :
Comastoma stellariifolium (Franch.) Holub; Folia Geobot. & Phytotax., Praha 3: 218 (1968)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi); Myanmar
36 CHI 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gentiana stellariifolia Franch. ex Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 135 (1890)
= Gentianella tenella var. sikkimensis (C.B.Clarke) S.Garg; Indian Gentian. 22 (1988)
= Gentiana tenella var. sikkimensis C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [Hook.f.] 4(10): 110 (1883)
= Gentianella stellariifolia (Franch.) Harry Sm. ex S.Nilsson; Grana Palyn. 7: 145 (1967)
species :
Comastoma tenellum (Rottb.) Toyok.; Bot. Mag., Tokyo 74: 198 (1961)
Name: Zarter Haarschlund (DE), Dane´s dwarf gentian (EN)
Distribution: Iceland; Svalbard; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; NE- & SE-Spain; Andorra; France; Italy; Slovenia; Romania; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Morocco; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia; Pakistan; India (Jammu & Kashrnir); Alaska; Greenland; Canada (British Columbia, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Québec, Yukon); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming)
10 FIN ICE NOR SVA SWE 11 AUT GER LIE POL SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ITA ROM SLV 14 RUS 20 MOR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 36 CHI 37 MON 40 IND PAK 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Amarella monantha (A.Nelson) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 148 (1906)
= Cicendia glacialis (Vill.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 26 (1837)
= Cicendia tenella (Rottb.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 26 (1837)
= Comastoma boreale (Bunge) T.N.Ho ex Omer; Fl. Pakistan 197: 135, fig. 48 (1995)
= Comastoma dichotomum (Pall.) Holub; Folia Geobot. & Phytotax., Praha 2: 120 (1968)
= Eyrythalia dichotoma (Pall.) Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin Aneb. Rostl. 1(Gentian.): 18 (1824)
= Eyrythalia glacialis (Vill.) Bercht. & J.Presl; Rostl. 1: Gent. 18 (1823)
= Eyrythalia nana Borkh.; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(1): 28 (1796)
= Eyrythalia pedunculata D.Don; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 516 (1837)
= Eyrythalia tenella (Rottb.) H.Buek; Gen. Sp. Candoll. 3: 182 (1858)
= Gentiana borealis Bunge; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 1: 251 (1829)
= Gentiana dichotoma Pall.; Fl. Ross. 1: II. 110 (1789)
= Gentiana fimbriata Vitman; Summa Pl. 2: 117 (1790)
= Gentiana glacialis E.Thomas ex Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné (Vill.) 2: 532 (1787)
= Gentiana islandica Joannei ex Schult.; Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 6: 171 (1820)
= Gentiana koenigii Gunnerus; Fl. Norveg. 2: 102 (1776), nom. superfl.
= Gentiana monantha A.Nelson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 244 (1904)
= Gentiana nivalis Poir.; Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 2: 733 (1812), nom. illeg.
= Gentiana oederi Sol. ex Bab.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 11: 318 (1870)
= Gentiana tenella f. alba J.Rousseau & Raymond; Naturaliste Canad. 79: 79 (1952)
= Gentiana tenella Rottb.; Skr. Kiøbenhavnske Selsk. Laerd. Elsk. 10: 436 (1770)
= Gentiana tenella var. monantha (A.Nelson) J.Rousseau; Naturaliste Canad. 79: 77 (1952)
= Gentiana tenella var. occidentalis J.Rousseau & Raymond; Naturaliste Canad. 79: 77 (1952)
= Gentiana tetragona Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 2: I. 290 (1789)
= Gentiana tristriata Turcz.; Flora 17(1 Beibl.): 19 (1834)
= Gentianella dichotoma (Pall.) Harry Sm. ex S.Nilsson; Grana Palynol. 7: 144 (1967)
= Gentianella tenella (Rottb.) Börner; Fl. Deutsch. Volk.542 (1912)
= Gentianella tenella (Rottb.) Harry Sm.; Hylander, Nomencl. u. Syst. Stud. Nord. Gefasspfl. (Uppsala Univ. Arsskr., No. 7) 259 (1945), isonym
= Gentianella tenella subsp. pribilofii J.M.Gillett; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 44: 266 (1957)
= Heteroclita dichotoma (Pall.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 27 (1837)
= Hippion dichotomum (Pall.) F.W.Schmidt; Roem. Arch. 1: 11 (1796)
= Hippion islandicum F.W.Schmidt; Roem. Arch. 1: I. 11 (1796)
= Hippion longipedunculatum F.W.Schmidt; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(1): 11 (1796)
= Hippion nanum F.W.Schmidt; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(1): 11 (1796)
= Hippion tenellum (Rottb.) F.W.Schmidt; Roem. Arch. 1: I. 11 (1796)
= Lexipyretum tenellum (Rottb.) Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyr. 450 (1867)
= Lomatogonium tenellum (Rottb.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Acta Hort. Gotoburg. 20: 117 (1956)
= Monosteria dichotoma (Pall.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 49 (1837)
species :
Comastoma traillianum (Forrest) Holub; Folia Geobot. & Phytotax., Praha 2: 120 (1967)
Distribution: China (S-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Comastoma beesianum (W.W.Sm.) Holub; Folia Geobot. & Phytotax., Praha 3: 217 (1968)
= Gentiana beesiana W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 187 (1914)
= Gentiana trailliana Forrest; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 4: 69 (1907)
= Gentiana trailliana var. minima C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 58 (1928)
= Gentianella beesiana (W.W.Sm.) Holub; Folia Geobot. & Phytotax., Praha 2: 117 (1967)
= Gentianella trailliana (Forrest) Harry Sm.; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. Pt. v11. 981 (1936)
= Gentianella trailliana var. beesiana (W.W.Sm.) Harry Sm.; Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 981 (1936)
species :
Comastoma urnigera (E.Aitken & D.G.Long) Holub; Preslia 70(2): 103 (1998)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim)
36 CHI 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Comastoma urnigerum (E.Aitken & D.G.Long) E.Aitken; Edinburgh J. Bot. 64(2): 263 (2007), isonym
= Gentianella urnigera E.Aitken & D.G.Long; Edinburgh J. Bot. 53(1): 82 (1996)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life