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407.0000 Family Cactaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 310 (1789), nom. cons.
ca. 140-170 genera (circumscription still very much in flux), ca. 1700-1800 spp. Latest phylogeny: de Vos et al. (2025). There has been excessive splitting, leading to over 3000 species in some collectors view. It should be good practice in the future that each ´new species´ description is confirmed by molecular genetics, not only by morphology.
Species listed in database: 1840; hybrids: 80
= Cereaceae DC. & Spreng.(transl.Jameson); Elem. Philos. Pl. 142 (1821)
= Mammillariaceae D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(5): 352 (2024)
= Nopaleaceae E.Schmid & Curtman; Pflanzenreich [Petermann] 2: 135 (1856)
= Opuntiaceae Desv.; Dict. Rais. Bot. 52, 385 (1817)
407.6201 Genus Copiapoa Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 85 (1922)
Distribution: coastal N-Chile. The taxonomy is extremely confused by different species concepts.
Species listed in database: 31
= Pilocopiapoa Ritter; Kakteen And. Sukk. 13: 20 (1961)
species :
Copiapoa ahremephiana N.P.Taylor & G.J.Charles; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 15 (2002)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
species :
Copiapoa algarrobensis Katt.; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 90(2): 103 (2018)
Distribution: Chile
85 CLE
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status not confirmed by molecular data
species :
Copiapoa angustiflora Helmut Walter, G.J.Charles & Mächler; CactusWorld 24(4): 188 (2006)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status not confirmed by molecular data
species :
Copiapoa boliviana (Pfeiff.) F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1089 (1980)
Name: Atacameno
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa atacamensis Middled.; Chileans 11(37): 21 (1979 publ.1980)
= Copiapoa calderiana subsp. atacamensis (Middled.) D.R.Hunt; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 12 (2002), isonym
= Copiapoa calderiana subsp. atacamensis (Middled.) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 4(1-2): 55 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Echinocactus bolivianus Pfeiff.; Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: t. 14 (1846)
species :
Copiapoa calderana F.Ritter; Cactus (Paris) 14: No. 65, 197 (1959)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa atacamensis var. calderana (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 98 (1989), contrary to Art. 57 ICBN (1988)
= Copiapoa calderana var. spinosior F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1082 (1980), without exact type
= Copiapoa lembckei Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 3: (1922 publ. 1959)
species :
Copiapoa cinerascens (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 88 (1922)
Name: Erizo gris
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Chilenia ambigua (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Backeb.; Kakteenkunde 1939: 82 (1939)
= Copiapoa applanata Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 3: (1913 publ. 1959), nom. illeg.
= Copiapoa cinerascens var. intermedia F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1084 (1980) (nom. nov.)
= Copiapoa copiapensis (Pfeiff.) Mereg.; Piante Grasse 11(4): 22 (1991 publ. 1992), contrary to Art. 34.1 ICBN (1988)
= Echinocactus ambiguus Hildm. ex K.Schum.; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 311 (1898)
= Echinocactus cinerascens Salm-Dyck; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 13: 387 (1845)
= Echinocactus copiapensis Pfeiff.; Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: sub t. 14 (1847)
= Hildmannia ambigua (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Kreuz. & Buining; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 206 (1941)
= Neochilenia ambigua (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Y.Itô; Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae 276 (1957)
= Neoporteria ambigua (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 259 (1936)
= Sulcorebutia ambigua (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) F.H.Brandt; Frankfurter Kakteenfr. 3: 9 (1976), contrary to Art. 33 ICBN.
= Weingartia ambigua (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Backeb.; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 86 (1951)
species :
Copiapoa cinerea (Phil.) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 86 (1922)
Name: Copiapoa de Phil.
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa cinerea var. albispina F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 30 (1963)
= Echinocactus cinereus Phil.; Fl. Atacam. 23 (1860)
variant :
var. columna-alba (F.Ritter) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 6: 3820 (1962)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. columna-alba (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 13 (2002), isonym
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. columna-alba (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 4(1-2): 48 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. columna-alba (F.Ritter) Mereg.; Piante Grasse 11(4): 20 (1991 publ. 1992), contrary to Arts. 24.1, 32.1 ICBN (1988))
= Copiapoa cinerea var. flavescens Backeb.; (1959)
= Copiapoa columna-alba F.Ritter; Cactus (Paris) 14: No. 65, 199 (1959)
= Copiapoa columna-alba var. nuda F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1095 (1980)
= Copiapoa melanohystrix F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1096 (1980)
species :
Copiapoa coquimbana (Karw.) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 87 (1922)
Name: Coquimbano
Distribution: Chile (Atacama, Coquimbo)
85 CLE
Remarks: C. armata and C. pendulina are sometimes kept separate
Synonyms: hidden
= Cereus pepinianus Lem. ex Salm-Dyck; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 13: 354 (1845)
= Copiapoa alticostata F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 29 (1963)
= Copiapoa armata (F.Ritter) Helmut Walter & Larridon; Amer. J. Bot. 102(9): 1517 (2015)
= Copiapoa coquimbana (Rümpler) F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1074 (1980) (isonym)
= Copiapoa coquimbana subsp. andina I.Schaub & Keim; Cactus & Co. 13(1): 13 (2009)
= Copiapoa coquimbana subsp. pendulina (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 4(1-2): 55 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa coquimbana subsp. pseudocoquimbana (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 4(1-2): 55 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa coquimbana subsp. rubispina Piombetti; Xerophilia 4(3): 76 (2015)
= Copiapoa coquimbana subsp. wagenknechtii (F.Ritter) M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2022(1)-1: 2 (2022)
= Copiapoa coquimbana var. alticostata (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 108 (1989)
= Copiapoa coquimbana var. armata F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1075 (1980), species illeg., homonym
= Copiapoa coquimbana var. pendulina (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 108 (1989)
= Copiapoa coquimbana var. pseudocoquimbana (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 108 (1989)
= Copiapoa coquimbana var. wagenknechtii F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 30 (1963)
= Copiapoa neocoquimbana var. wagenknechtii (F.Ritter) Y.Itô; Cactaceae [Itô] 369 (1981)
= Copiapoa neocoquimbana Y.Itô; Cactaceae [Itô] 368 (1981) (nom. nov., without full repl. syn. ref.)
= Copiapoa pendulina F.Ritter; Cactus (Paris) 14: No. 63, 134 (1959)
= Copiapoa pepiniana (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 281 (1935)
= Copiapoa pseudocoquimbana F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 30 (1963)
= Copiapoa pseudocoquimbana var. chaniarensis F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1077 (1980)
= Copiapoa pseudocoquimbana var. domeykoensis F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1077 (1980)
= Copiapoa pseudocoquimbana var. vulgata F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 30 (1963)
= Copiapoa serenana M.Voldan; Kakteen And. Sukk. 27(8): 185 (1976)
= Copiapoa wagenknechtii F.Ritter ex Backeb.; (1959)
= Echinocactus coquimbanus Karw. ex Rümpler; Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2 [Rümpler] 601 (1885)
= Neoporteria pepiniana (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Borg; Cacti [Borg] 215 (1937)
species :
Copiapoa corralensis I.Schaub & Keim; Cact. Explor. 16: 48 (2016)
Distribution: Chile
85 CLE
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status not confirmed by molecular data
species :
Copiapoa decorticans N.P.Taylor & G.J.Charles; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 15 (2002)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
species :
Copiapoa echinoides (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 88 (1922)
Name: Duro
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa bridgesii (Pfeiff.) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 3: (1909 publ. 1959)
= Copiapoa cuprea F.Ritter; Cactus (Paris) 14: No. 63, 136 (1959)
= Copiapoa dura F.Ritter; Cactus (Paris) 14: No. 63, 137 (1959), sine descr. lat., et Taxon 12: 31 (1963)
= Copiapoa echinoides subsp. cuprea (F.Ritter) M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2022(1)-1: 2 (2022)
= Copiapoa echinoides var. cuprea (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 116 (1989)
= Copiapoa griseoviolacea I.Schaub & Keim; Cactus & Co. 14(4): 10 (2010 publ. 2011)
= Copiapoa macracantha (Lawr.) Meregalli; Piante Grasse 11(4): 38 (1991 publ. 1992), contrary to Art. 34.1 ICBN (1988)
= Copiapoa marginata var. bridgesii (Pfeiff.) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 124 (1989)
= Echinocactus bridgesii Pfeiff.; Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: t. 14 (1847)
= Echinocactus cupreatus Poselg. ex Rümpler; Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2 [Rümpler] 602 (1886)
= Echinocactus echinoides Lem. ex Salm-Dyck; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 13: 386 (1845)
= Echinocactus macracanthus Salm-Dyck; Cact. Hort. Dyck. [1849 ed.]: 26 (1850), nom. illeg.
species :
Copiapoa fiedleriana (K.Schum.) Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 280 (1936)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Remarks: often included as variety in C. coquimbana
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa coquimbana subsp. vallenarensis (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 4: 55 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa coquimbana var. fiedleriana (K.Schum.) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 108 (1989)
= Copiapoa coquimbana var. vallenarensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 108 (1989)
= Copiapoa echinata f. pulla F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1081 (1980)
= Copiapoa echinata F.Ritter; Cactus (Paris) 14(63): 133 (1959)
= Copiapoa echinata var. borealis Ritter; (1959)
= Copiapoa echinata var. pulla F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1081 (1980)
= Copiapoa intermedia F.Ritter ex Backeb.; (1962)
= Copiapoa megarhiza subsp. echinata (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 4(1-2): 55 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa megarhiza subsp. echinata (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 21: 11 (2006)
= Copiapoa megarhiza var. echinata (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 126 (1989)
= Copiapoa pepiniana var. fiedleriana (K.Schum.) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 3: (1919 publ. 1959)
= Copiapoa vallenarensis F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1077 (1980)
= Echinocactus fiedlerianus K.Schum.; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt., Nachtr. 1: 121 (1903)
species :
Copiapoa fusca I.Schaub & Keim; Cact. Explor. 16: 42 (2016)
Distribution: Chile
85 CLE
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status not confirmed by molecular data
species :
Copiapoa gigantea Backeb.; Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 104 (1936), et Blätt. Kakteenf. No. 8, p. 6 (1937)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Remarks: often included as variety or subspecies in C. cinerea
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa cinerea f. albispina F.Ritter; (1963)
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. eremophila (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 4(1-2): 49 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. gigantea (Backeb.) Mereg.; Piante Grasse 11(4): 19 (1991 publ. 1992), contrary to Art. 24.1, 32.1 ICBN (1988)
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. gigantea (Backeb.) Slaba; Kaktusy (Brno) 33(special): 3 (1997)
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. haseltoniana (Backeb.) N.P.Taylor; Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 8 (1997)
= Copiapoa cinerea var. eremophila (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 106 (1989)
= Copiapoa cinerea var. gigantea (Backeb.) N.P.Taylor; Bradleya 5: 92 (1987)
= Copiapoa cinerea var. haseltoniana (Backeb.) N.P.Taylor; Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 43(2-3): 53 (1981)
= Copiapoa cinerea var. tenebrosa (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 106 (1989)
= Copiapoa cinerea var. tenebrosa (F.Ritter) Slaba; Kaktusy (Brno) 33(special): 3 (1997), isonym
= Copiapoa eremophila F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1104 (1980)
= Copiapoa gigantea subsp. haseltoniana (Backeb.) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 4(1-2): 49 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa gigantea var. haseltoniana (Backeb.) F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1101 (1980)
= Copiapoa haseltoniana Backeb.; Descr. Cact. Nov. [Backeberg] 33 (1957)
= Copiapoa tenebrosa F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1098 (1980)
species :
Copiapoa grandiflora F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 30 (1963)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa cinerascens var. grandiflora (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 100 (1989)
= Copiapoa montana subsp. grandiflora (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor; Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 8 (1997)
= Copiapoa superba I.Schaub & Keim; Cactus & Co. 16: 18 (2012)
species :
Copiapoa hoffmanniana Pumarino & Blando; Piante Grasse 42(4): 145 (2022)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Copiapoa humilis (Phil.) Hutchison; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 25: 34 (1953)
Name: Humildito
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa australis (Hoxey) Helmut Walter & Larridon; Amer. J. Bot. 102(9): 1516 (2015)
= Copiapoa humilis subsp. australis Hoxey; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 22(1): 39 (2004)
= Copiapoa humilis var. paposoensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 118 (1989), basionym invalid
= Copiapoa paposoensis F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1068 (1980)
= Echinocactus humilis Phil.; Fl. Atacam. 23 (1860)
variant :
var. esmeraldana (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 118 (1989)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa esmeraldana F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1064 (1980)
= Copiapoa grandiflora subsp. ritteri Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 4: 55 (2001 publ. 2002)
variant :
var. longispina (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 118 (1989)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa humilis subsp. longispina (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 4(1-2): 49 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa longispina F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 31 (1963)
variant :
var. matancillensis (I.Schaub & Keim) comb.ined.
Distribution: Chile
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa humilis subsp. matancillensis I.Schaub & Keim; Cactus & Co. 20(1): 15 (2016)
variant :
var. taltalensis (Werderm.) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 118 (1989)
Name: Quisco del Desierto
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta: La Cachina, Taltal, Cifuncho)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa aphanes Mächler & Helmut Walter; Kakteen And. Sukk. 56(4): 101 (2005)
= Copiapoa chaniaralensis F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1063 (1980)
= Copiapoa humilis subsp. taltalensis (Werderm.) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 4(1-2): 49 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa taltalensis (Werderm.) Looser; Revista Chilena Hist. Nat. 33: 614 (1929)
= Echinocactus taltalensis Werderm.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: 763 (1929)
variant :
var. tenuissima (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 16(1): 15 (1998)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa humilis subsp. tenuissima (F.Ritter ex D.R.Hunt) D.R.Hunt; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 6 (2003)
= Copiapoa hypogaea subsp. tenuissima F.Ritter ex D.R.Hunt; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 14 (2002)
= Copiapoa tenuissima F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 31 (1963), nom. inval.
variant :
var. tocopillana (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 16(1): 15 (1998)
Name: Tocopillano
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa tocopillana F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1072 (1980)
= Copiapoa humilis subsp. tocopillana (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 4(1-2): 49 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa humilis subsp. tocopillana (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 14 (2002), isonym
variant :
var. variispinata (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Copiapoa (Cactus File Handbook, 4) 48 (1998)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa variispinata F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1070 (1980)
= Copiapoa humilis subsp. variispinata (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 14 (2002)
species :
Copiapoa hypogaea F.Ritter; Cactus (Paris) 15: No. 66, 19 (1960)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa hypogaea subsp. cobrensis Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 4(1-2): 49 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa hypogaea var. barquitensis F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1086 (1980)
= Neochilenia hypogaea Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 3: 1830 (1959), anglice
= Pilocopiapoa hypogaea (F.Ritter) Y.Itô; Cactaceae [Itô] 650 (1981), without basionym ref.
variant :
var. montana (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 16(1): 15 (1998)
Name: Bajotierra
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta: Chanaral to Puerto Viejo)
85 CLE
Remarks: sometimes treated as full species
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa mollicula F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 30 (1963)
= Copiapoa montana F.Ritter; Cactus (Paris) 15: No. 66, 21 (1960)
= Copiapoa montana F.Ritter ex Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 4(1-2): 49 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa montana subsp. olivana (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 4(1-2): 49 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa olivana F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1088 (1980)
= Copiapoa rarissima F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1088 (1980)
species :
Copiapoa krainziana F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 30 (1963)
Name: Chascon
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta: Taltal)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. krainziana (F.Ritter) Slaba; Kaktusy (Brno) 33(special): 3 (1997)
= Copiapoa cinerea var. krainziana (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 16(1): 15 (1998)
= Copiapoa krainziana F.Ritter ex Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 3: (1911 publ. 1959) (sine descr. lat.)
= Copiapoa krainziana var. scopulina F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 31 (1963)
species :
Copiapoa laui Diers; Kakteen And. Sukk. 31(12): 365 (1980)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama: Esmeralda, Pan de Azucar National Park)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa hypogaea subsp. laui (Diers) G.J.Charles; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 21: 10 (2006)
= Copiapoa hypogaea var. laui (Diers) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 120 (1989)
species :
Copiapoa leonensis I.Schaub & Keim; Cactus & Co. 10(2): 124 (2006)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa megarhiza subsp. parvula Mächler & Helmut Walter; Kakteen And. Sukk. 56: 297 (2005)
species :
Copiapoa longistaminea F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 31 (1963)
Name: Copiapoa de Adriana
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa calderana subsp. longistaminea (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor; Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 15 (1998)
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. longistaminea (F.Ritter) Mereg.; Piante Grasse 11(4): 19 (1991 publ. 1992)
= Copiapoa cinerea var. longistaminea (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 16(1): 15 (1998), isonym
= Copiapoa cinerea var. longistaminea (F.Ritter) Slaba; Kaktusy (Brno) 33(special): 3 (1997)
= Copiapoa longistaminea subsp. imperialis Piombetti; Xerophilia 4(3): 78 (2015)
species :
Copiapoa malletiana (Cels ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 280 (1936)
Name: Copiapoa de Carrizal
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Remarks: often treated under the name C. dealbata
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa carrizalensis F.Ritter; Cactus (Paris) 14: No. 63, 139 (1959)
= Copiapoa carrizalensis var. gigantea F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 29 (1963)
= Copiapoa cinerea subsp. dealbata (F.Ritter) Slaba; Kaktusy (Brno) 33(special): 3 (1997)
= Copiapoa cinerea var. dealbata (F.Ritter) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 6: 3823 (1962)
= Copiapoa dealbata f. gigantea (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 112 (1989)
= Copiapoa dealbata F.Ritter; Cactus (Paris) 14: No. 63, 137 (1959)
= Copiapoa dealbata var. carrizalensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 112 (1989)
= Echinocactus malletianus Cels ex Salm-Dyck; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 13: 387 (1845)
species :
Copiapoa marginata (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 86 (1922)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa marginata subsp. robustispina Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 4(1-2): 49 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa streptocaulon (Hook.) F.Ritter; Kakteen And. Sukk. 12: 6 (1961), cum descr. emend.
= Copiapoa streptocaulon (Hook.) Oosten; Succulenta (Netherlands) 22: 16 (1940)
= Echinocactus columnaris Pfeiff.; Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: t. 14 (1846)
= Echinocactus marginatus Salm-Dyck; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 13: 386 (1845)
= Echinocactus melanochnus Cels ex Labour.; Monogr. Cact. 174 (1853)
= Echinocactus streptocaulon Hook.; Bot. Mag. 77: t. 4562 (1851)
species :
Copiapoa megarhiza Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 89 (1922)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa brunnescens Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 3: (1901 publ. 1959). nomen prov., sine descr. lat.
= Copiapoa megarhiza var. microrhiza F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1081 (1980)
= Copiapoa totoralensis F.Ritter; Cactus (Paris) 15: No. 66, 23 (1960)
species :
Copiapoa rupestris F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 31 (1963)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Remarks: C. desertorum is sometimes kept separate
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa desertorum F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1060 (1980)
= Copiapoa desertorum var. hornilloensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 114 (1989)
= Copiapoa desertorum var. rubriflora (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 114 (1989), contrary to Art. 57 ICBN (1988)
= Copiapoa desertorum var. rupestris (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile 114 (1989), contrary to Art. 57 ICBN (1988)
= Copiapoa hornilloensis F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1060 (1980)
= Copiapoa rubriflora F.Ritter; Taxon 12: 31 (1963)
= Copiapoa rupestris subsp. desertorum (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 15 (2002)
= Copiapoa rupestris subsp. hornilloensis (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 4(1-2): 55 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa rupestris subsp. rubriflora (F.Ritter) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 4(1-2): 55 (2001 publ. 2002)
= Copiapoa taltalensis subsp. desertorum (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile, ed. 2: 164 (2004)
species :
Copiapoa sarcoana I.Schaub & Keim; Cactus & Co. 16(2): 6 (2012)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, possibly a synonym of C. coquimbana
species :
Copiapoa saxifraga Blando & Pumarino; CactusWorld 41(4): 297 (2023)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status not confirmed by molecular data
species :
Copiapoa schulziana I.Schaub & Keim; Cactus & Co. 13(1): 18 (2009)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama)
85 CLE
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status not confirmed by molecular data
species :
Copiapoa serpentisulcata F.Ritter; Cactus (Paris) 15: No. 66, 22 (1960)
Name: Cacto de la Serpiente
Distribution: Chile (Atacama: Chanaral)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa serpentisulcata var. castanea F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1093 (1980)
species :
Copiapoa solaris (F.Ritter) F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1047 (1980)
Name: Cacto Solar
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Copiapoa conglomerata (Phil.) Lembcke; Kakteen And. Sukk. 17: 29 (1966)
= Copiapoa ferox Lembcke & Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 3: (1922 publ. 1959)
= Echinocactus conglomeratus Phil.; Fl. Atacam. 23 (1860)
= Pilocopiapoa solaris F.Ritter; Kakteen And. Sukk. 12: 20 (1961)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life