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Ver. 19.3
June 16th, 2024

182.0000 Family Ranunculaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 231 (1789), nom. cons.
52 genera, ca. 3700 spp.
Species listed in database: 3817; hybrids: 90
= Aconitaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 216 (1820)
= Actaeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 1(16-53): 2, 140 (1823)
= Anemonaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 264, 275 (1818)
= Aquilegiaceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 375, 861, 979 (1870)
= Calthaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 92 (1820)
= Cimicifugaceae Bromhead; Mag. Nat. Hist., n. s. 4: 336, 338 (1840)
= Clematidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 134 (1820)
= Delphiniaceae Brenner; Florist. Handb.: 52 (1886)
= Glaucidiaceae M.Tamura; Bot. Mag (Tokyo) 85: 40 (1972)
= Helleboraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 264, 274 (1818)
= Hydrastidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 318 (1820)
= Nigellaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 76 (1858)
= Thalictraceae Raf.; Anal. Nat.: 176 (1815)
= Xanthorhizaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin 1(16-53): 2, 145 (1823)
182.3101 Genus Coptis Salisb.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8: 305 (1807)
Distribution: arctic and temp. Northern Hemisphere
Species listed in database: 16
= Chrysa Raf.; Med. Repos. Original Essays Intelligence Phys. 5: 350 (1808)
= Chrysocoptis Nutt.; J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 8 (1834)
= Chryza Raf.; Med. Repos. Original Essays Intelligence Phys. 5: 352 (1808)
= Coldenella Ellis; Linn. Corresp. 1: 95 (1821)
= Fibraurea Colden; Linn. Corresp. 1: 94 (1821)
species :
Coptis aspleniifolia Salisb.; Trans. Linn. Soc. 8: 306 (1807)
Name: Fernleaf goldthread
Distribution: Alaska; Canada (British Columbia); USA (Washington State)
70 ASK 71 CDN 73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chrysocoptis asplenifolia Nutt.; Journ. Acad. Philad. 7: 9 (1834)
= Coptis aspleniifolia var. biternata Huth; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 304 (1892)
species :
Coptis chinensis Franch.; J. Bot. (Morot) 11(14): 231 (1897)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Coptis teeta subvar. rhizomatosa H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7(146-148): 258 (1909)
= Coptis teeta var. chinensis (Franch.) Finet & Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 402 (1904)
= Coptis chinensis var. angustiloba W.Y.Kong; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 8(4): 109 (1988)
variant :
var. brevisepala W.T.Wang & P.K.Hsiao; Acta Pharm. Sin. 12(3): 195, f. 2, A6 (1965)
Distribution: China (S-Anhui, Fujian, N-Guangdong, N-Guangxi, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
species :
Coptis deltoidea C.Y.Cheng & P.K.Hsiao; Acta Pharm. Sin. 12(3): 195, f. 1, B (1965)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Coptis huanjiangensis L.Q.Huang, Q.J.Yuan & Y.H.Wang; PhytoKeys 213: 133, figs. 1-3 (2022)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Coptis japonica (Thunb.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo): 198 (1899)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Coptis anemonifolia Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(2): 180 (1845)
= Coptis anemonifolia var. dissecta Yatabe; Matsum., Nippon Shokubutsuzusetsu, ed. 3: 46 (1900)
= Coptis brachypetala Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(2): 180 (1845)
= Coptis brachypetala var. major Miq.; Prolus. Fl. Jap. 196 (1867)
= Coptis japonica f. viridiflora Honda ex Kadota; Fl. Japan 2a: 325 (2006)
= Coptis japonica var. anemonifolia (Siebold & Zucc.) H.Ohba; J. Jap. Bot. 75: 369 (2000)
= Coptis japonica var. dissecta (Yatabe) Nakai ex Satake; J. Jap. Bot. 24: 74 (1949)
= Coptis japonica var. major (Miq.) Satake; J. Jap. Bot. 24: 74 (1949)
= Coptis occidentalis var. japonica Huth; Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 1086 (1897)
= Coptis orientalis Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3, 12: 60 (1868)
= Thalictrum japonicum Thunb.; Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 337 (1794)
species :
Coptis kitayamensis Kadota; J. Jap. Bot. 86(5): 267 (2011)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Coptis laciniata A.Gray; Bot. Gaz. 12: 297 (1887)
Name: Oregon goldthread
Distribution: USA (California, Oregon, Washington State)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Coptis venosa Howell; Fl. N. W. Amer. 1: 21 (1897)
species :
Coptis lutescens Tamura; J. Geobot. 26(1): 3 (1978)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
species :
Coptis minamitaniana Kadota; J. Jap. Bot. 79(5): 312 (2004)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)
38 JAP
species :
Coptis occidentalis (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Am. 1: 28 (1838)
Name: Idaho goldthread
Distribution: USA (Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington State)
73 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chrysocoptis occidentalis Nutt.; Journ. Acad. Philad. 7: 8 (1834)
= Coptis occidentalis var. howellii Huth; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 303 (1892)
species :
Coptis omeiensis (C.Chen) C.Y.Cheng; Acta Pharm. Sin. 12(3): 196, f. 1, c (1965)
Distribution: China (Henan, W-Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Coptis chinensis var. omeiensis C.Chen; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. n. s. 1: 93 (1943)
species :
Coptis quinquefolia Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 7 (1867)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku); Taiwan; Vietnam
38 JAP TAI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Coptis morii Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 9-10, t. 2 (1913)
variant :
var. ramosa (Makino) Ohwi; Fl. Jap. 457 (1956)
Distribution: Japan (Yakushima Isl.)
38 JAP NNS
Synonyms: hidden
= Coptis quinquefolia f. ramosa Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 25: 227 (1911)
= Coptis ramosa (Makino) M.Tamura; Acta Phytotax. & Geobot., Kyoto 17: 118 (1958)
= Coptis quinquefolia var. pedatoquinquefolia Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 39 (1928)
variant :
var. shikokumontana Kadota; J. Jap. Bot. 79(5): 316 (2004)
Distribution: Japan (Shikoku)
38 JAP
species :
Coptis quinquesecta W.T.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6(2): 219-220, t. 47, f. 7 (1957)
Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Coptis teeta N.Wall.; Trans. Med. Phys. Soc. Calcutta 8: 87 (1836)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya); Myanmar (Kachin, Yangon); Vietnam
36 CHI TIB 40 IND 41 MYA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Coptis teetoides C.Y.Cheng; Acta Pharm. Sin. 12(3): 196, f. 1, D, 2, D (1965)
= Helleborus teeta Baill.; Bot. Med 1: 470 (1883)
= Coptis teeta subsp. lohitensis Pandit & Babu; Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 111(3): 377 (1993)
species :
Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.; Trans. Linn. Soc. 8: 305 (1807)
subspecies :
subsp. trifolia
Name: Canker Root, Threeleaf goldthread (EN)
Distribution: Siberia (Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); Alaska; Aleutes; Greenland; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Connecticut, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
30 SIB 31 RFE 38 JAP 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anemone groenlandica Oeder; G. C. Oeder & al. (eds.), Fl. Dan. 4(10): 5 (1771)
= Chryza borealis Raf.; Med. Repos. N. York 5: 352 (1808)
= Coptis daisetsuensis Tatew. ex Miyabe & Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 14: 2 (1935)
= Coptis groenlandica (Oeder) Fernald; Rhodora 31: 142 (1929)
= Coptis trifolia subsp. groenlandica (Oeder) Hultén; Fl. Aleutian Isl. 178 (1937)
= Coptis trifolia var. groenlandica (Oeder) Fassett; Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Aci. 38: 195 (1947)
= Coptis trifolia var. semiplena Miyabe & Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 14: 2 (1935)
= Helleborus pumilus Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 374 (1796)
= Helleborus trifoliatus Houtt.; Nat. Hist. 2(9): 262 (1778)
= Helleborus trifolius L.; Sp. Pl.: 558 (1753)
= Helleborus trilobus Lam.; Encycl. 3: 98 (1789)
= Isopyrum trifolium (L.) Britton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 18: 265 (1891)
species :
Coptis trifoliolata (Makino) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 178 (1914)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Coptis quinquefolia var. trifoliolata Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 138 (1910)
= Coptis trifoliolata var. oligodonta Maek.; Nat. Sci. Mus. 6: 15 (1935)
= Coptis oligodonta (Maek.) Satake; Journ. Jap. Bot. 24: 74 (1949)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.3 (June 16th, 2024)

Covering 355,120 accepted species,
8,650 hybrids, 47,763 accepted infraspecific taxa and 997,061 synonyms,
in total 1,408,594* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life