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Ver. 15.1
March 8th, 2023

168.0000 Family Poaceae Barnhart; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 22: 7 (1895), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 800 genera, ca. 12.000 spp. worldwide. Systematics following Soreng et al. (2017)
Species listed in database: 12350; hybrids: 324
= Aegilopaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 221 (1820)
= Agrostidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Alopecuraceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 19 (1820)
= Andropogonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 28 (1820)
= Anomochloaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Anthoxanthaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Arundinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 60 (1843)
= Arundinellaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 136 (1940)
= Asperellaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 106, 270 (1827)
= Avenaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 60. 31 (1820)
= Bambusaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Bromaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Cenchraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 9, 268 (1827)
= Chaeturaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 106, 269 (1827)
= Chloridaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Chondrosaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 269 (1827)
= Coleanthaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. 1(2): 818. ante (1873)
= Cynodontaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 51, 269 (1827)
= Cynosuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271, 272 (1827)
= Echinariaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Ehrhartaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Eragrostidaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Festucaceae Spreng.; J. Sadler, Fl. Comit. Pest. 1: 28 (1825)
= Glyceriaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Gramineae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 28 (1789), nom. cons.
= Holcaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 252 (1833)
= Hordeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Laguraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 250 (1833)
= Lepturaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 147 (1940)
= Loliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 6, 267 (1827)
= Melicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 390 (1820)
= Miliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 91, 270 (1827)
= Nardaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 413 (1820)
= Olyraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Ophiuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 3, 268 (1827)
= Oryzaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Panicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Pappophoraceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Parianaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Paspalaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 47, 269 (1827)
= Phalaridaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 250 (1833)
= Pharaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 139 (1940)
= Phleaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 269 (1827)
= Saccharaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Sesleriaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 60 (1843)
= Spartinaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 46, 268 (1827)
= Stipaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Streptochaetaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Triticaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 22, 268 (1827)
= Zeaceae A.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 651 (1891)
= Zoysiaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 8, 268 (1827)
168.8928 Genus Cortaderia Stapf; Gard. Chron., II. 396 (1897)
Distribution: South America
Species listed in database: 18
= Kampmannia Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 34 (1855)
= Moorea Lem.; Illustr. Hortic., Misc. 14 (1855)
= Lamprothyrsus Pilg.; Engl. Jahrb. 37: Beibl. 85, 58 (1906)
species :
Cortaderia araucana Stapf; Gard. Chron., II. 396 (1897)
Name: Cola de zorro [Chile]
Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz); Chile (Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios, Los Lagos, Aisén)
85 ARG CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Arundo dioeca Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 1: 361 (1825) [nom. illeg., non Lour. 1790]
= Cortaderia araucana var. fuenzalidae Vargas; Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. 27: 239, f. 7 (1959)
= Cortaderia araucana var. skottsbergii Acev.-Rodr.
= Cortaderia argentea (Nees) Stapf; Gard. Chron. 22: 396 (1897)
= Cortaderia dioica (Spreng.) Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 7: 194 (1902)
= Cortaderia longicauda Hack.; Fedde, Repert. 10: 169 (1911)
= Cortaderia quila var. patagonica Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 7: 194 (1902)
= Gynerium argenteum var. parviflorum É.Desv.
= Gynerium dioicum (Spreng.) Dallière; Pl. Ornam. 1: t. 42 (1873)
= Moorea araucana (Stapf) Stapf; Gard. Chron., 51: 400 (1903)
= Moorea argentea (Nees) Lem.; Illustr. Hortic., Misc. 14 (1855)
species :
Cortaderia bifida Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 374 (1906)
Distribution: Venezuela (Merida); Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz); Colombia (Antioquia, Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Santander, Tolima, Valle); Costa Rica; Ecuador; Panama; Peru
80 COS PAN 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Cortaderia aristata Pilg.; Engl. Jahrb. 37: 375 (1906)
= Cortaderia trianae Stapf ex Conert; Syst. Anat. Arundineae 100 (1961)
species :
Cortaderia boliviensis M.Lyle; Novon, 6(1): 72 (1996), nom. nov.
Distribution: Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Potosí, Santa Cruz)
83 BOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Cortaderia bifida var. grandiflora Henrard; Meded. Rijks-Herb. 40: 67 (1921)
species :
Cortaderia columbiana (Pilg.) Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 27: 31 (1900)
Distribution: Colombia (Arauca, Boyacá, Cauca, Cesar, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena, Meta, Norte de Santander, Santander); Venezuela (Merida, Tachira, Trujillo)
82 CLM VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Gynerium columbianum Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 27: 31 (1899)
species :
Cortaderia echinata H.P.Linder; PhytoKeys 76: 61 (2017)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
species :
Cortaderia egmontiana (Roem. & Schult.) M.Lyle ex Giussani, Soreng & Anton; Darwiniana 49(1): 90 (2011)
Name: Cola de zorro [Chile]
Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego); Chile (Metropolitana de Santiago, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Lagos, Aisén, Magallanes); Falkland Isl.
85 ARG CLE 91 FAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Ampelodesmos australis Brongn. ex Duperrey; Voy. Monde 22: 31 (1829)
= Arundo egmontiana Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. 2: 511 (1817)
= Arundo pilosa d´Urv.; Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 4: 603 (1826)
= Calamagrostis patula Steud.
= Calamagrostis scirpiformis Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 94: 20 (1896)
= Cortaderia minima Conert; Syst. & Anat. Arundin. 119 (1961)
= Cortaderia pilosa (d´Urv.) Hack.; Bol. Acad. Nac. Ci. 16: 253 (1900)
= Cortaderia pilosa var. minima (Conert) Nicora; Darwiniana, 18 (1-2): 80 (1973)
= Cynodon pilosissimus Raspail; Saigey & Raspail, Ann. Sc. Observ. 3: 110 (1830)
= Gynerium nanum Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 94: 155 (1896)
= Gynerium pilosum (d´Urv.) Macloskie; Rep. Princeton Univ. Exp. Patagonia, Botany 8: 213 (1904)
= Phragmites egmontianus (Roem. & Schult.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 144 (1840)
= Phragmites pilosa Dusén; Scott, Rep. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patag. 8: Suppl. Bot. 50 (1915)
= Poa phragmites Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 43(46): 576 (1872 publ. 1873)
species :
Cortaderia hapalotricha (Pilg.) Conert; Syst. Anat. Arundineae 102 (1961)
Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz); Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Norte de Santander, Santander); Costa Rica; Ecuador; Panama; Peru; Venezuela (Apure, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Lara, Merida, Tachira, Trujillo, Zulia)
80 COS PAN 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Danthonia hapalotricha Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25: 715 (1898)
= Cortaderia scabriflora Swallen; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 23: 252 (1948)
species :
Cortaderia hieronymi (Kuntze) N.P.Barker & H.P.Linder; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 97(3): 342 (2010)
Name: Sewenquilla
Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, Cordoba, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Tucuman); Peru; Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija)
83 BOL PER 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Danthonia hieronymi (Kuntze) Hack. ex Stuck.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 13: 484 (1906)
= Danthonia hieronymi var. pyramidata Pilg. ex Rojas; nom. nud.
= Danthonia hieronymi var. ticta Pilg. ex Rojas; nom. nud.
= Lamprothyrsus hieronymi (Kuntze) Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37(Beibl. 85): 58 (1906)
= Lamprothyrsus hieronymi var. jujuyensis Pilg.
= Lamprothyrsus hieronymi var. nervosus Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37(Beibl. 85): 59 (1906)
= Lamprothyrsus hieronymi var. pyramidatus Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 59 (1906)
= Lamprothyrsus hieronymi var. tinctus Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37: 59 (1906)
= Lamprothyrsus venturii Conert; Syst. & Anat. Arundin. 130 (1961)
= Triraphis hieronymi Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 373 (1898)
= Triraphis hieronymi var. jujuyensis Kuntze
species :
Cortaderia modesta (Döll) Hack. ex Dusén; Arkiv Bot. Stockh. 9: No. 5, 4 (1909)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cortaderia modesta f. ramosa Hack. ex Dusén; Ark. Bot. 9(5): 4 (1909)
= Gynerium modestum Döll; Fl. Bras. 2(3): 240 (1880)
= Gynerium ramosum Hack. ex Dusén; Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13: 73 (1903)
species :
Cortaderia nitida (Kunth) Pilg.; Engl. Jahrb. 37: 374 (1906)
Distribution: Venezuela (Apure, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Merida, Tachira, Trujillo); Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, Meta, Nariño, Putumayo, Risaralda, Santander, Tolima, Valle); Ecuador; Peru; Costa Rica
80 COS 82 CLM VEN 83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Arundo calycina Willd. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. 1: 144 (1840) [nom. inval., as syn. Arundo nitida Kunth]
= Arundo nitida Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 149 (1816)
= Cortaderia sodiroana Hack.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 52: 238 (1902)
= Gynerium nitidum (Kunth) Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 27: 31 (1899)
species :
Cortaderia peruviana (Hitchc.) N.P.Barker & H.P.Linder; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 97(3): 342 (2010)
Distribution: Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz); Ecuador; Peru
83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Lamprothyrsus peruvianus Hitchc.; Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 36: 195 (1923)
species :
Cortaderia planifolia Swallen; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. xxin. 253 (1948)
Distribution: Peru; Colombia (Valle)
82 CLM 83 PER
species :
Cortaderia pungens Swallen; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. xxin. 251 (1948)
Distribution: Venezuela (Lara); Peru; Colombia (Arauca, Boyacá, Caldas, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena)
82 CLM VEN 83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Danthonia confusa L.B.Sm.; Phytologia 22(2): 89, f. 9-11 (1971) [nom. nov.]
species :
Cortaderia roraimensis (N.E.Br.) Pilg.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin- Dahlem 6: 112 (1914)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas); Colombia; Guyana; SE-Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar)
82 CLM GUY VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Arundo roraimensis N.E.Br.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 6(1): 74 (1901)
species :
Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 325 (1900)
subspecies :
subsp. selloana
Name: Uruguayan pampas grass (EN); Pampagras (DE); Plumacho pampero (ES)
Distribution: Bolivia (Cochabamba, Santa Cruz); Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Cundinamarca, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander, Valle); Venezuela (Tachira); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Cordoba, Entre Rios, Formosa, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Rio Negro, Salta, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Lagos, Aisén); Easter Isl. [I]; Uruguay (Canelones, Maldonado, Montevideo, Rivera, Rocha, San Jose, Soriano); SE-Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul); Mexico [I]; Ecuador; England [I]; France [I]; Spain [I]; Portugal [I]; Baleares [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Germany [I]; European Russia [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Azerbaijan [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Australia [I] (SE-South Australia [I], SE-New South Wales [I], SE-Queensland [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); India [I] (Assam [I], Tamil Nadu [I]); China [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Angola [I]; New Zealand [I]; Austral Isl. [I] (Tubuai [I]); Kermadec Isl. [I]; Turkey [I] (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia [I]); Egypt [I]; European Turkey [I]; Azores [I] (Sao Miguel Isl. [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Tenerife [I], Hierro [I], La Palma [I], Gran Canaria [I], Fuerteventura [I]); Morocco [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], California [I], Georgia [I], Louisiana [I], New Jersey [I], Oregon [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I]); Philippines [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]
10 grb 11 ger 12 bal cis fra por spa 13 tue 14 rus 20 egy mor 21 azo cny mdr 26 ang 27 saf 33 aze geo ncs 34 tur 36 chi 40 ind 42 phi 50 aus 51 ker nzl 61 aui eas 73 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 81 trt 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU 84 BRA 85 ARG CLE URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Arundo kila Spreng. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. 1: 144 (1840) [nom. inval.]
= Gynerium argenteum Nees; Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 462 (1829), nom. illeg.
= Arundo selloana Schult. & Schult.f.; Mantissa 3: (Add. 1): 605 (1827) [nom. nov.]
= Gynerium purpureum Carrière; Rev. Hort. 419 (1866)
subspecies :
subsp. jubata (Lemoine) Testoni & Villamil; Darwiniana n. s. 2(2): 272 (2014)
Name: Purple pampas grass (EN)
Distribution: Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo); Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Potosí, Tarija); Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca); Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, La Rioja, Tucuman); Peru; Ecuador; Australia [I] (SW-Western Australia [I], Victoria [I], E-New South Wales [I], SE-Queensland [I], Tasmania [I]); South Africa [I]; Hawaii [I] (Maui [I]); New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (California [I], Oregon [I])
27 saf 50 aus 51 nzl 63 haw 73 usa 76 usa 82 CLM 83 BOL ECU PER 85 ARG CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Cortaderia jubata (Lem.) Stapf; Bot. Mag. 124: t. 7607 (1898)
= Cortaderia quila (Nees & Meyen) Stapf; Gard. Chron., II. 396 (1897)
= Gynerium pygmaeum Meyen; Reise Erde 1: 484 (1834)
= Gynerium quila Nees & Meyen; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. Suppl. 1: 153 (1843)
= Gynerium quila var. pygmaeum Nees; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl. 1: 153 (1843)
= Moorea quila Stapf; Gard. Chron., 2: 400 (1903)
species :
Cortaderia sericantha (Steud.) Hitchc.; Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 24(8): 348 (1927)
Distribution: Colombia (Caldas, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Meta, Quindío, Risaralda, Tolima); Peru; ?Ecuador
82 CLM 83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Danthonia jubata Sodiro; Revista Colegio Nac. Vincento Rocafuerte 11(40-41): 91 (1930)
= Danthonia sericantha Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 246 (1854)
species :
Cortaderia speciosa (Nees & Meyen ex Nees) Stapf; Gard. Chron. 22: 396 (1897)
Name: Espural, espuro [Chile]
Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro, Potosí, Tarija); Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía); Easter Isl. [I]
61 eas 83 BOL 85 ARG CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Arundo quila Molina; Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili: 279 (1782)
= Cortaderia atacamensis (Phil.) Pilg.; Engl. Jahrb. 37: 374 (1906)
= Cortaderia quila (Molina) Stapf; Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 22: 396 (1897)
= Cortaderia rudiuscula Stapf; Gard. Chron., II. 396 (1897) emend. Acev.-Rodr.
= Gynerium argenteum var. parviflorum É.Desv.; Fl. Chil. 6: 328 (1854)
= Gynerium argenteum var. strictum É.Desv.; Fl. Chil. 6: 328 (1854)
= Gynerium atacamense Phil.; Linnaea, 33: 1864 (1865) 289
= Gynerium quila (Molina) Nees & Meyen; C. G. D. Nees von Esenbeck, Gramineae: 21 (1841)
= Gynerium rudiusculum (Stapf) Kuntze ex Stuck.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 125 (1904)
= Gynerium speciosum Nees & Meyen; Reise, 1: 407, et in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19: Suppl. 1: 153 (1843)
= Moorea rudiuscula Stapf; Gard. Chron., 2: 400 (1903)
= Moorea speciosa (Nees & Meyen) Stapf; Gard. Chron., 2: 400 (1903)
species :
Cortaderia vaginata Swallen; Sellowia, No. 7, 9 (1956)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Santa Catarina)
84 BRA
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 15.1 (March 8th, 2023)

Covering 353,598 accepted species,
8,943 hybrids, 50,327 accepted infraspecific taxa and 959,496 synonyms,
in total 1,372,364* names

[*about 39,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 30 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life