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491.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14276; hybrids: 48
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
491.4043 Genus Cruciata Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4 (1754)
Distribution: Europe (5), Mediterranean eastward to Iran, Northern Caucasus, Middle Asia, W- and E-Siberia (1)
Species listed in database: 8; hybrids: 1
species :
Cruciata articulata (L.) Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 396 (1958)
Distribution: Crimea; Egypt; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Cyprus (N-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Palestine; Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Jordania (W-Jordania)
14 KRY 20 EGY 33 ARM GEO 34 CYP IRQ ISR JOR LEB PAL SIN SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Galium articulatum (L.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 250 (1818), nom. illeg.
= Galium articulatum subvar. cordatum (Pers.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 331 (1879)
= Galium cordatum (Pers.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 259 (1818)
= Galium schultesii G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 657 (1834), nom. illeg.
= Valantia articulata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1052 (1753)
= Valantia cordata Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 129 (1805)
= Valantia muralis M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 435 (1808), nom. illeg.
= Valantia pusilla Steven; Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 7: 274 (1829)
species :
Cruciata elbrussica (Pobed.) Pobed.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 280 (1970 publ. 1971)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Galium elbrussicum Pobed.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 23: 711 (1958)
species :
Cruciata laevipes Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 34 (1852)
Name: Gewimpertes Kreuzlabkraut, Gewöhnliches Kreuzlabkraut (DE), Smooth bedstraw, Crosswort (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, +Isle of Man, Scotland); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl. [I]; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread N-Greece, mountains of C- & S-Greece, Kerkyra, Evvoia, Thasos, Andros); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Krasnoyarsk); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Iran (N-Iran, W-Iran); USA [I] (New York [I]); Colombia [I]
10 GRB ire 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO cis COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 75 usa 82 clm
Synonyms: hidden
= Aparine latifolia Moench; Methodus [Moench] 640 (1794), nom. superfl.
= Cruciata ciliata (Opiz) Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 34 (1852)
= Cruciata ciliata f. glabrifolia (Rochel) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11: 250 (1965), nom. inval.
= Cruciata ciliata f. hirsutissima (F.Gérard ex Rouy) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11: 250 (1965)
= Cruciata ciliata f. laevicaulis (Rohlena) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11: 250 (1965)
= Cruciata ciliata f. laxa (Velen.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11: 250 (1965)
= Cruciata ciliata f. mucronata (Peterm.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11: 250 (1965)
= Cruciata ciliata var. nana (Dalla Torre & Sarnth.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11: 250 (1965)
= Cruciata hirsuta Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 16: 396 (1868)
= Cruciata laevipes subsp. sajanensis Stepanov; Red Book Krasnoyarsk. Territ. [ed. 3] 413 (2022)
= Cruciata laevipes var. brutia (N.Terracc.) Greuter; Bocconea 25: 80 (2012)
= Galium chersonense Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 250 (1818)
= Galium chersonense var. hispanicum Debeaux; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 15: 154 (1897)
= Galium ciliatum f. laevicaulis Rohlena; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk., Tr. Mat.-Prír.) 1935: 8 (1935)
= Galium ciliatum var. nana Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Tirol [Dalla Torre & Sarnthein] 6(3): 386 (1912)
= Galium cruciata (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 100 (1771)
= Galium cruciata f. laevipes (W.D.J.Koch) Hayek; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 6: 225 (1914)
= Galium cruciata var. brutium N.Terracc.; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 4: 150 (1891)
= Galium cruciata var. hirsutissimum F.Gérard ex Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 6 (1903)
= Galium cruciata var. laevipes (Opiz) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 1: 360 (1843), nom. illeg.
= Galium cruciata var. laxa Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk., Tr. Mat.-Prír.) 1899: 4 (1899)
= Galium cruciata var. mucronata Peterm.; Anal. Pfl.-Schlüss. 196 (1846)
= Galium cruciata var. varians Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 14: 167 (1916)
= Galium glabrifolium Rochel; Bot. Reise Banat 54 (1838), nomen
= Galium luteocruciatum St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 126 (1880)
= Galium luteum Londes; Verz. Gött. Pfl. 15 (1805), nom. illeg.
= Galium valantia G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.; Oekon. Fl. Wetterau 1: 188 (1799)
= Rubia cruciata (L.) Baill.; Hist. Pl. [Baillon] 7: 372 (1880)
= Vaillantia cruciata (L.) Hoffm.; 274 (1804)
= Valantia ciliata Opiz ex J.Presl & C.Presl; Fl. Cech. 34 (1819), nom. illeg.
= Valantia crucialis Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 2: 304 (1899)
= Valantia cruciata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1052 (1753)
= Valantia hirsuta Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 1: 25 (1792), opus utique oppr.
species :
Cruciata mixta Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 133: 110 (1979)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Cruciata pedemontana (Bellardi) Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 396 (1958)
Name: Piedmont bedstraw (EN), Piemont-Kreuzlabkraut (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; France; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread mainland, also Thasos, Samothraki, Evoia, Andros, Naxos); Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Samos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran; Afghanistan (Takhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (Jbel Druze); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Maryland [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I], Washington State [I], West Virginia [I])
11 AUT CZE ger HUN SLO SWI 12 FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SRB TUE 14 KRY UKR 20 MOR 32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 77 usa 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Cruciata pedemontana var. glabrescens (Bég.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11: 249 (1965)
= Cruciata pedemontana var. reflexa (C.Presl) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 9: 427 (1963)
= Cruciata pedemontana var. vestita (Rouy) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18: 176 (1973)
= Cruciata schischkinii (Pobed.) Pobed.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 279 (1970 publ. 1971)
= Galium chloranthum Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 1: 149 (1804)
= Galium pedemontanum (Bellardi) All.; Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Hort. Regii Taur. 2 (1773)
= Galium pedemontanum f. glabrescens (Bég.) Bolzon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1904: 31 (1904)
= Galium pedemontanum var. aspericaule Rouy; Naturaliste 9: 112 (1887)
= Galium pedemontanum var. glabrescens Bég.; Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 105 (1903)
= Galium pedemontanum var. inermis Caruel; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 7: 63 (1887)
= Galium pedemontanum var. longepilosum Sennen & Mauricio; Diagn. Nouv. 246 (1936)
= Galium pedemontanum var. reflexum (C.Presl) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 606 (1830)
= Galium pedemontanum var. vestitum Rouy; Naturaliste 112 (1887)
= Galium platypodum Borbás ex Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 34: 310 (1896)
= Galium reflexum C.Presl; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 61 (1819)
= Galium retrorsum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 605 (1830)
= Galium schischkinii Pobed.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 23: 711 (1958)
= Valantia aspera Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 219 (1818)
= Valantia granulata Roth ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 949 (1806)
= Valantia hispida Lumn.; Fl. Poson. [Lumnitzer] 454 (1791), nom. illeg.
= Valantia pedemontana Bellardi; Osserv. Bot. 61 (1788)
variant :
var. procumbens (Asch.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11: 249 (1965)
Distribution: France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy
12 COR FRA SAR 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Galium pedemontanum var. inerme Tanfani; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 7: 63 (1887)
= Galium pedemontanum var. laevicaule Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 8: 7 (1903)
= Galium pedemontanum var. procumbens Asch.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 34: 308 (1876)
species :
Cruciata taurica (Pall. ex Willd.) Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 393 (1958)
subspecies :
subsp. taurica
Distribution: Crimea; Turkmenistan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains)
14 KRY 32 TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cruciata braunii (Zelen.) Pobed.; Fl. Evropeiskoi Chasti S.S.S.R. 3: 117 (1978)
= Cruciata chersonensis (Willd.) Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 396 (1958)
= Cruciata coronata (Sm.) Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 393 (1958)
= Cruciata coronata subsp. taurica (Pall. ex Willd.) Ehrend.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 68(4): 272 (1974)
= Cruciata laevipes subsp. chersonensis (Willd.) Silva Pando, J.J.Pino & García Mart.; Nova Acta Ci. Compostelana, Biol. 22: 79 (2015)
= Cruciata laevipes var. chersonensis (Willd.) Devesa; Lagascalia 25: 259 (2005), nom. superfl.
= Cruciata neotaurica (Klokov) Pobed.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 280 (1970 publ. 1971)
= Cruciata rugosa (Galushko) Galushko; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 254 (1976)
= Cruciata sevanensis (Pobed.) Pobed.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 280 (1970 publ. 1971)
= Cruciata sosnowskyi (Manden.) Pobed.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 280 (1970 publ. 1971)
= Galium braunii Zelen.; Prodr. Fl. Tauriae 284 (1906)
= Galium chersonense (Willd.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 250 (1818)
= Galium coronatum Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 90 (1806)
= Galium coronatum var. isophyllum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 80 (1875)
= Galium coronatum var. tauricum (Pall. ex Willd.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 331 (1879)
= Galium cruciata var. chersonense (Willd.) Steven ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 606 (1830)
= Galium decoronatum Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 473 (1961)
= Galium divaricatum Pall. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 416 (1844), nom. illeg.
= Galium neotauricum Klokov; Fl. URSR 10: 474 (1961)
= Galium rugosum Galushko; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8 264 (1971)
= Galium sevanense Pobed.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 23: 712 (1958)
= Galium sosnowskyi Manden.; Zametki Syst. Geogr. Rast. 13: 114 (1947)
= Galium tauricum (Pall. ex Willd.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 250 (1818), nom. superfl.
= Valantia chersonensis Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 951 (1806)
= Valantia rediviva Hoffm. ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 640 (1819)
= Valantia taurica Pall. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 951 (1806)
subspecies :
subsp. armeniaca (Mikheev) Ehrend.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 176: 274 (2005)
Distribution: Armenia; NW-Iran
33 ARM 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Cruciata armeniaca Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 77(10): 73 (1992)
subspecies :
subsp. euboea (Ehrend.) Ehrend.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 124(2): 178 (1975)
Distribution: C-Greece (Evvoia, N-Peloponnisos)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Galium coronatum var. euboeum Ehrend.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 240 (1948)
= Cruciata coronata subsp. euboea (Ehrend.) Ehrend.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 68: 272 (1974)
subspecies :
subsp. glaberrima (DC.) Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 176: 275 (2005)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus; Turkey; Iraq; Iran
33 NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cruciata coronata var. glaberrima (DC.) Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 393 (1958)
= Cruciata humifusa (Willd.) Mikheev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 77(10): 73 (1992)
= Galium coronatum var. glaberrimum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 605 (1830)
= Galium humifusum (Willd.) Bég. & Diratz.; Contr. Fl. Armen. 99 (1912), nom. illeg.
= Valantia humifusa Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 949 (1806)
subspecies :
subsp. mesopotamica (Ehrend.) Ehrend.; Pl. Syst. Evol. 127(4): 305 (1977)
Distribution: SE-Turkey; Iraq; Lebanon; Syria; Jordania
34 IRQ JOR LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cruciata coronata var. mesopotamica (Ehrend.) Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 394 (1958)
= Galium coronatum var. mesopotamicum Ehrend.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 243 (1948)
subspecies :
subsp. occidentalis (Ehrend.) Ehrend. & Schönb.-Tem.; Mountain Fl. Greece [Strid] 2: 330 (1991)
Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Samos); Turkey
34 EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cruciata coronata var. occidentalis Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 394 (1958)
subspecies :
subsp. persica (DC.) Ehrend.; Fl. Iraq 4(1): 622 (1980)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iraq; Iran
32 TKM 34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Cruciata coronata subsp. persica (DC.) Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 394 (1958)
= Cruciata coronata var. pilosa (Ehrend.) Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 394 (1958)
= Cruciata kopetdaghensis (Pobed.) Pobed.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 280 (1970 publ. 1971)
= Galium coronatum var. pilosum Ehrend.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 240 (1948)
= Galium coronatum var. stenophyllum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 80 (1875)
= Galium kopetdaghense Pobed.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 23: 711 (1958)
= Galium persicum DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 605 (1830)
= Valantia persica (DC.) K.Koch; Linnaea 24: 473 (1851)
species :
Cruciata valentinae (Galushko) Galushko; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 254 (1976)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan
33 AZE NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Galium valentinae Galushko; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 265 (1971)
species :
Cruciata verna (Scop.) Gutermann & Ehrend.; Phyton (Horn) 51(1): 96 (2011)
subspecies :
subsp. verna
Name: Kahles Kreuzlabkraut (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; ?Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (NE-Greece, rare NW-, C-Greece, Peloponnisos, Mt. Athos); Estonia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia [I], Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia
11 AUT CZE ger HUN POL SLO SWI 12 ADO COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SMA SRB 14 BLR EST LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 33 ARM GEO NCS
Remarks: valid name (glabra vs. verna) highly disputed
Synonyms: hidden
= Cruciata glabra (L.) Ehrend.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 393 (1958), nom. illeg.
= Cruciata glabra C.Bauhin ex Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 34 (1852)
= Cruciata glabra f. halleri (DC.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11: 249 (1965)
= Cruciata glabra f. hirsuta P.Silva; Agron. Lusit. 40: 33 (1980)
= Cruciata glabra f. internodiata Záborský & Zahradn.; Biologia (Bratislava) 31: 56 (1976)
= Cruciata glabra f. robusta Záborský & Zahradn.; Biologia (Bratislava) 31: 58 (1976)
= Cruciata glabra subsp. alpina (Schur) Ciocârlan; Fl. Il. României 1083 (2009), nom. inval. basionym not validly published
= Galium bauhini Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 218 (1818)
= Galium bauhini var. scopolianum Besser; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.] 159 (1827)
= Galium glabrum (L.) Röhl.; Deutschl. Fl. [Röhling], ed. 2, Phanerog. Gew.: 2: 145 (1812), nom. superfl.
= Galium glabrum subsp. alpinum (Schur) Simonk.; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 279 (1887)
= Galium halleri Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 3: 218 (1818), nom. illeg.
= Galium scopolii Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 1: 304 (1786)
= Galium sieberi Tausch; Flora 18: 356 (1835)
= Galium vernum Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 99 (1771)
= Galium vernum Sieber ex Tausch; Flora 18: 356 (1835), nom. illeg.
= Galium vernum subvar. halleri (DC.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 331 (1879)
= Galium vernum var. bauhini (Roem. & Schult.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 605 (1830)
= Galium vernum var. halleri (Roem. & Schult.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 605 (1830)
= Galium vernum var. turficolum Maire; Rev. Bot. Syst. Geogr. Bot. 2: 67 (1904)
= Galium verum var. brebissonii Le Jol. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 328 (1879), nomen
= Vaillantia glabra (L.) Hoffm.; 275 (1804)
= Valantia alpina Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 3(6): 86 (1852), nom. inval.
= Valantia bauhini (Roem. & Schult.) Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 287 (1866), nom. superfl.
= Valantia crebrifoliata Chaub.; Fl. Agen. [St.-Amans] 424 (1821)
= Valantia glabra L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 1491 (1763)
= Valantia scopolii Besser; Enum. Pl. [Besser] 51, 89 (1821)
= Valantia verna (Scop.) G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Loudon] 411 (1830)
variant :
var. hirticaulis (Beck) comb.ined.
Distribution: ?Germany; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Corsica; Italy
11 AUT POL SLO 12 ADO COR POR SPA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cruciata glabra f. hirsutissima (Briq.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11: 249 (1965), nom. inval.
= Cruciata glabra f. hirticaulis (Beck) Ancev; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 9: 99 (1989)
= Cruciata glabra subsp. hirticaulis (Beck) Natali & Jeanm.; Compl. Prodr. Fl. Corse, Rubiaceae 29 (2000)
= Cruciata glabra var. hirticaulis (Beck) Soó; Bot. Közlem. 49: 155 (1961), nom. inval.
= Galium glabrum var. hirsutum Saut.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 49: 361 (1899), nomen
= Galium glabrum var. hirticaule (Beck) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Tirol [Dalla Torre & Sarnthein] 6(3): 389 (1912)
= Galium vernum f. hirticaule (Beck) Kucowa; Fl. Polska 11: 324 (1967)
= Galium vernum subvar. hirticaule (Beck) Burnat; Fl. Alpes Marit. 5: 118 (1915)
= Galium vernum var. hirsutissimum Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 9: 176 (1905)
= Galium vernum var. hirsutum Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées 65 (1813), nomen
= Galium vernum var. hirticaule Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2: 1120 (1893)
= Galium vernum var. lasiopodon Merino; Fl. Galicia [Merino] 2: 275 (1906)
variant :
var. pseudocruciata (Röhl.) comb.ined.
Distribution: Croatia
13 CRO
Synonyms: hidden
= Cruciata balcanica Ehrend.; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 68: 272 (1974)
= Cruciata glabra subsp. balcanica (Ehrend.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23(3-4): 380 (1977 publ. 1978)
= Galium pseudocruciata (Röhl.) A.W.Hill; Index Kew., Suppl. 6: 88 (1916-1920 publ. 1926)
= Galium verum var. pseudocruciata Röhl.; Magyar Bot. Lapok 3: 321 (1905)
subspecies :
subsp. krylovii (Iljin) comb.ined.
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan
30 SIB 32 KAZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Cruciata glabra subsp. krylovii (Iljin) E.G.Naumova; Fl. Sibir. (Solanac.-Lobeliac.) 12: 124 (1996 publ., 1997)
= Cruciata glabra subsp. krylovii (Iljin) Elenevsky & Kuranova; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 159 (2000), isonym
= Cruciata krylovii (Iljin) Pobed.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 279 (1970 publ. 1971)
= Galium krylovii Iljin; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 5: 1 (1935 publ. 1936)
species :
Cruciata ×grecescui (Prodan ex Paucã) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11: 250 (1965)
Distribution: Romania
13 ROM
Remarks: Cruciata glabra x C. laevipes
Synonyms: hidden
= Galium ×grecescui Prodan; Bul. Sti. Acad. Republ. Populare Române, Sect. Biol. Sti. Agric. Ser. Bot. 9: 323 (1957)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life