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452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35249; hybrids: 678
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.4718 Genus Crystallopollen Steetz; Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 363 (1863)
Distribution: Tropical Africa
Species listed in database: 8
= Polydora Fenzl ex H.Rob.; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 112: 232 (1999), nom. superfl.
species :
Crystallopollen angustifolium Steetz; Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 6(Bot. 2): 366 (1863)
Distribution: Senegal; Senegal; Mali; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, N-Cape Prov., KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
22 BEN GHA IVO MLI NGA SEN TOG 23 CAF CMN CON GAB 25 KEN TAN 26 ANG MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Cacalia angustifolia (Steetz) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 968 (1891)
= Cacalia chlorolepis (Steetz) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 968 (1891)
= Crystallopollen angustifolium var. chlorolepis Steetz; Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 2: 366 (1864)
= Polydora angustifolia (Steetz) H.Rob.; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 112: 232 (1999)
= Polydora poskeana (Vatke & Hildebrandt) H.Rob.; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 112(1): 233 (1999)
= Polydora steetziana (Oliv. & Hiern) H.Rob.; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 112(1): 233 (1999)
= Vernonia bractifimbriata (Mendonça) G.V.Pope; Kew Bull. 41(1): 42 (1986)
= Vernonia elegantissima Hutch. & Dalziel; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 2: 164, in clavi, 167 (1931)
= Vernonia erinacea Wild; Kirkia 11(1): 2 (1978)
= Vernonia perrottetii f. microcephala O.Hoffm.
= Vernonia poskeana subsp. botswanica G.V.Pope; Kew Bull. 41: 39 (1986)
= Vernonia poskeana subsp. bractifimbriata Mendonça; Contr. Conhec. Fl. Angola 1 (Compos.): 7 (1943)
= Vernonia poskeana subsp. samfyana (G.V.Pope) G.V.Pope; Fl. Zambes. 6(1): 148 (1992)
= Vernonia poskeana var. botswanica G.V.Pope; Kew Bull. 41(1): 39 (1986)
= Vernonia poskeana var. bractifimbriata Mendonça
= Vernonia poskeana var. chlorolepis (Steetz) O.Hoffm.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 10: 171 (1893)
= Vernonia poskeana var. elegantissima (Hutch. & Dalziel) C.D.Adams; J. W. African Sci. Assoc. 3(1): 121 (1957)
= Vernonia poskeana Vatke & Hildebrandt; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 324 (1875)
= Vernonia pseudoposkeana Muschl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 46: 83 (1911)
= Vernonia samfyana G.V.Pope; Kew Bull. 41(1): 42 (1986)
= Vernonia steetziana Oliv. & Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 273 (1877)
species :
Crystallopollen bainesii (Oliv. & Hiern) J.C.Manning; Bothalia 52(1)-a8: 2 (2022)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (´Transvaal´)
25 TAN 26 MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cacalia bainesii (Oliv. & Hiern) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 969 (1891)
= Polydora bainesii (Oliv. & Hiern) H.Rob.; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 112(1): 232 (1999)
= Vernonia bainesii Oliv. & Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 272 (1877)
= Vernonia bainesii subsp. brassii Wild; Kirkia 11(1): 1 (1978)
= Vernonia bainesii subsp. wildii (Merxm.) Wild; Kirkia 11(1): 1 (1978)
= Vernonia buchananii Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1898: 146 (1898)
= Vernonia wildii Merxm.; Trans. Rhodesia Sci. Assoc. 43: 72 (1951)
species :
Crystallopollen chloropappum (Baker) J.C.Manning; Bothalia 52(1)-a8: 2 (2022)
Distribution: Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi
23 CAF CON ZAI 25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Polydora chloropappa (Baker) H.Rob.; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 112(1): 233 (1999)
= Vernonia chloropappa Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1898: 146 (1898)
= Vernonia kassneri De Wild. & Muschl.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 49: 242 (1912 publ. 1913)
= Vernonia smaragdopappa S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 47: 284 (1925)
species :
Crystallopollen jelfiae (S.Moore) J.C.Manning; Bothalia 52(1)-a8: 2 (2022)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Polydora jelfiae (S.Moore) H.Rob.; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 112(1): 233 (1999)
= Vernonia jelfiae S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 47: 262 (1925)
= Vernonia jelfiae var. albida G.V.Pope; Kew Bull. 41(2): 394 (1986)
species :
Crystallopollen mbalense (G.V.Pope) J.C.Manning; Bothalia 52(1)-a8: 2 (2022)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia
25 TAN 26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Vernonia mbalensis G.V.Pope; Kew Bull. 41(2): 395 (1986)
species :
Crystallopollen rhodesianum (S.Moore) J.C.Manning; Bothalia 52(1)-a8: 2 (2022)
Distribution: S-Zimbabwe
26 ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Vernonia rhodesiana S.Moore; J. Bot. 64: 303 (1926)
species :
Crystallopollen serratuloides (DC.) J.C.Manning; Bothalia 52(1)-a8: 2 (2022)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; S-Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Zambia; Malawi
22 BEN BKN GNB GUI IVO MLI NGA SEN TOG 23 BUR CAF CMN CON RWA ZAI 24 CHA ETH SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Polydora stoechadifolia Fenzl; Flora 27: 312 (1844)
= Cacalia perrottetii (Sch.Bip. ex Walp.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 970 (1891)
= Vernonia perrottetii Sch.Bip. ex Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 2: 947 (1847)
= Vernonia stoechadifolia (Fenzl) Sch.Bip. ex Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 6: 98 (1847)
= Polydora serratuloides (DC.) H.Rob.; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 112(1): 233 (1999)
= Webbia serratuloides DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 72 (1836)
species :
Crystallopollen sylvicola (G.V.Pope) J.C.Manning; Bothalia 52(1)-a8: 2 (2022)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Polydora sylvicola (G.V.Pope) H.Rob.; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 112(1): 233 (1999)
= Vernonia sylvicola G.V.Pope; Kew Bull. 41(2): 395 (1986)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.06 (June 15th, 2025)

Covering 356,645 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,735* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life