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177.0000 Family Poaceae Barnhart; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 7 (1895), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 800 genera, ca. 12.000 spp. worldwide. Systematics following Soreng et al. (2017) and Soreng et al. (2022)
Species listed in database: 12173; hybrids: 390
= Aegilopaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 221 (1820)
= Agrostidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Alopecuraceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 19 (1820)
= Andropogonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 28 (1820)
= Anomochloaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Anthoxanthaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Arundinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 60 (1843)
= Arundinellaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 136 (1940)
= Asperellaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 270 (1827)
= Avenaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 60. 31 (1820)
= Bambusaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Bromaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Cenchraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 9, 268 (1827)
= Chaeturaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 269 (1827)
= Chloridaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Chondrosaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)
= Coleanthaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. [Pfeiffer] 1(2): 818. ante (1873)
= Cynodontaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 51, 269 (1827)
= Cynosuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271, 272 (1827)
= Echinariaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Ehrhartaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Eragrostidaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Festucaceae Spreng.; Fl. Comit. Pest. 1: 28 (1825)
= Glyceriaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Gramineae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 28 (1789), nom. cons.
= Holcaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 252 (1833)
= Hordeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Laguraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)
= Lepturaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 147 (1940)
= Loliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 6, 267 (1827)
= Melicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 390 (1820)
= Miliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 91, 270 (1827)
= Nardaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 413 (1820)
= Olyraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Ophiuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 3, 268 (1827)
= Oryzaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Panicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Pappophoraceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Parianaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Paspalaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 47, 269 (1827)
= Phalaridaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)
= Pharaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 139 (1940)
= Phleaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)
= Saccharaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Sesleriaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 60 (1843)
= Spartinaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 46, 268 (1827)
= Stipaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Streptochaetaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Triticaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 22, 268 (1827)
= Zeaceae A.J.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 651 (1891)
= Zoysiaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 8, 268 (1827)
177.4973 Genus Cutandia Willk.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 18: 130 (1860)
Distribution: Mediterranean, Caucasus, Asia Minor to C-Asia
Species listed in database: 6
species :
Cutandia dichotoma (Forssk.) Trab.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Monocot. 237 (1895)
Name: Gabeliger Kurzschwingel (DE)
Distribution: Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura); Mauritania; Azerbaijan; Turkey (SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (S-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (N-Negev Desert, C-Israel); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Bahrain; Kuwait
20 ALG EGY LBY TUN 21 CNY 22 MTN 33 AZE 34 CYP IRN IRQ ISR JOR SIN SYR TUR 35 BAR KUW
Synonyms: hidden
= Cutandia memphitica var. dichotoma (Forssk.) Maire & Weiller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 309 (1939)
= Festuca dichotoma Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 22 (1775)
= Festuca divaricata var. dichotoma (Forssk.) Coss. & Durieu; Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 184 (1855)
= Festuca nana Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 428 (1854)
= Festuca vestita (De Not.) Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 3: 775 (1853)
= Sclerochloa dichotoma (Forssk.) Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 90 (1821)
= Sclerochloa pumila Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 428 (1854), pro syn.
= Scleropoa dichotoma (Forssk.) Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 1: 471 (1850)
= Scleropoa memphitica var. dichotoma (Forssk.) Bonnier & Barratte; Cat. Pl. Cell Tunisie 483 (1896)
= Scleropoa vestita De Not.; Index Sem. (Genoa) 1846: 28 (1846)
species :
Cutandia divaricata (Desf.) Barbey; Fl. Sardoa Comp. 193 (1885)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya
11 ger 12 SAR 13 ITA SIC 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Brachypodium divaricatum (Desf.) C.Presl; Cyper. Gram. Sicul. 24 (1818)
= Diarrhena festucoides Raspail; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 447 (1825)
= Festuca divaricata Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 89 (1798)
= Poa barbarea Spreng. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 358 (1841), pro syn.
= Schedonorus divaricatus (Desf.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 703 (1817)
= Sclerochloa articulata Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 90 (1821), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Sclerochloa divaricata (Desf.) Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 273 (1833), nom. illeg.
= Scleropoa divaricata (Desf.) Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 1: 4709 (1848)
= Scleropoa pumila Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 13: 61 (1854)
species :
Cutandia maritima (L.) Benth.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 118 (1881)
Name: Küsten-Steifgras, Strand-Kurzschwingel (DE); Coastal Stiffgrass (EN); Pastura maritima (ES)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Croatia; Greece (coastal S-Greece, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., Kiklades); Crete (incl. islets); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura); East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Samos, Kos, Kasos, Karpathos, Rhodos); Turkey (SW-Anatolia); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel)
12 BAL COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 CRO GRC ITA KRI PEL SIC 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 34 CYP EAI ISR LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Agropyron maritimum (L.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 102 (1812)
= Brachypodium maritimum Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 743 (1817)
= Brachypodium ramosum Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 113 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. illeg.
= Cutandia lanceolata (Forssk.) Benth.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 118 (1881)
= Cutandia lanceolata (Forssk.) T.Durand & Schinz; Consp. Fl. Afr. [Durand & Schinz] 5: 895 (1894), isonym
= Cutandia maritima (L.) Barbey; Fl. Sardoa Comp. 72 (1885), isonym
= Cutandia maritima var. loliacea (Asch.) Täckh.; Bull. Fac. Sci. Egypt. Univ. 17: 169 (1941)
= Cutandia memphitica var. loliacea (Asch.) Täckh.; Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 51 (1974)
= Diarrhena maritima (L.) Raspail; Ann. Sci. Observ. 1: 430 (1829)
= Festuca lanceolata Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 22 (1775)
= Festuca lanceolata var. loliacea (Asch.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 562 (1901)
= Festuca maritima var. loliacea Asch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11: 330 (1865)
= Festuca robusta Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel] 4: 118 (1837), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Festuca robusta var. lanceolata (Forssk.) Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel] 4: 118 (1837)
= Sclerochloa maritima (L.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 453 (1826)
= Scleropoa maritima (L.) Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 1: 468 (1850)
= Triticum maritimum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 1: 128 (1762)
species :
Cutandia memphitica (Spreng.) Benth.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 19: 118 (1881)
Name: Memphisgrass
Distribution: SE-Spain (Almeria, Murcia); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; Turkey (SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (N-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Balkh, Jawzjan / Sar-e-Pol, Kandahar); Cyprus; Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (Jazira); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Negev Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, Asir); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Pakistan (Baluchistan); USA [I] (California [I])
12 SPA 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 33 AZE NCS 34 AFG CYP IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 BAR KUW QAT SAU UAE 40 PAK 76 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Cutandia dichotoma var. memphitica (Spreng.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 3: 38 (1955)
= Cutandia memphitica (Spreng.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 77 (1890), isonym
= Cutandia scleropoides Willk.; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 18: 130 (1860), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Dactylis memphitica Spreng.; Bot. Gart. Halle, Nachtr. 1: 20 (1801)
= Dinebra divaricata P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 712 (1817)
= Festuca caspica (K.Koch) Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 303 (1854)
= Festuca divaricata var. memphitica (Spreng.) Coss. & Durieu; Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 184 (1855)
= Festuca memphitica (Spreng.) Boiss. ex Coss.; Notes Pl. Crit. 3(4): 183 (1851)
= Sclerochloa memphitica (Spreng.) Nyman; Syll. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 74 (1865)
= Scleropoa caspica K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 409 (1848)
= Scleropoa memphitica (Spreng.) Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 1: 470 (1850)
species :
Cutandia rigescens (Grossh.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 75 (1971)
Distribution: ?Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan)
32 UZB 33 AZE
Synonyms: hidden
= Catapodium rigescens (Grossh.) Bor; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 70: 52 (1970)
= Desmazeria rigescens (Grossh.) Ovcz.; Fl. Tadzhiksk. S.S.R. 1: 194 (1957)
= Festuca rigescens (Grossh.) Trin. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 638 (1884), nom. illeg.
= Scleropoa rigescens Grossh.; Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 13-14: 38 (1919)
= Scleropoa rigida var. trinii Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 638 (1884)
species :
Cutandia stenostachya (Boiss.) Stace; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 352 (1978)
Name: Schlankes Steifgras (DE); Slender Stiffgrass (EN)
Distribution: NE-Greece (Samothraki); East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Ikaria, Samos, Kalimnos, Kos, ?Karpathos, Rhodos); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)
13 GRC 34 EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Scleropoa stenostachya Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 638 (1884)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life