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444.0000 Family Campanulaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 163 (1789), nom. cons.
85 genera, ca. 2450 spp.
Species listed in database: 2493; hybrids: 26
= Cyananthaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 384 (1858)
= Cyphiaceae A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7(2): 497 (1839)
= Cyphocarpaceae (Miers) Reveal & Hoogland; Phytologia 79: 74 (1996)
= Dortmannaceae Rupr.; Fl. Ingr. [Ruprecht] 649 (1860)
= Jasionaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 28, 30 (1829)
= Lobeliaceae Juss.; Descr. Pl. Malmaison 19, t. 7 (1813), nom. cons.
= Nemacladaceae Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 8: 254 (1842)
444.2106 Genus Cyananthus Wall. ex Benth.; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 309 (1836), nom. cons.
Distribution: Himalayas from Kashmir and Punjab to Bhutan and Assam, Tibet, SW-China, Myanmar [Burma]
Species listed in database: 19
species :
Cyananthus cordifolius Duthie; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912(1): 37 (1912)
Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal; NW-India (Uttarakhand)
36 TIB 40 IND NEP
species :
Cyananthus delavayi Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 1: 280 (1887)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyananthus barbatus Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 32: 9 (1885), not Edgew. (1846)
= Cyananthus microrhombeus C.Y.Wu; Yunnan Trop. Subtrop. Fl. Res. Rep. 1: 85, pl. 31, f. 1 (1965)
= Cyananthus microrhombeus var. leiocalyx C.Y.Wu; Yunnan Trop. Subtrop. Fl. Res. Rep. 1: 86, pl. 31, f. 2 (1965)
species :
Cyananthus fasciculatus C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924(6): 247, f. 6 (1924)
Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, N-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Cyananthus flavus C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924(6): 247-248, f. 12 (1924)
subspecies :
subsp. flavus
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyananthus flavus var. glaber C.Y.Wu; Yunnan Trop. Subtrop. Fl. Res. Rep. 1: 84, pl. 30, f. 4 (1965)
subspecies :
subsp. montanus (C.Y.Wu) D.Y.Hong & L.M.Ma; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 29(1): 46 (1991)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyananthus albiflorus D.F.Chamb.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 35(2): 252 (1977), nom. nov. superfl.
= Cyananthus mairei (H.Lév.) Cowan; New Fl. & Silva 10: 188 (1938)
= Cyananthus montanus C.Y.Wu; Rep. Res. Trop. Subsect. Fl. Yunnan. 89 (1965)
= Wahlenbergia mairei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325-330): 285 (1913)
species :
Cyananthus formosus Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5(25): 172-173 (1912)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyananthus chungdianensis C.Y.Wu; Yunnan Trop. Subtrop. Fl. Res. Rep. 1: 83, pl. 30, f. 3 (1965)
species :
Cyananthus hookeri C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3(8): 435 (1881)
Distribution: China (SE-Gansu, S-Qinghai, W-Sichuan, N-Yunnan); E-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyananthus cronquistii K.K.Shrestha; Kew Bull. 49(1): 143 (1994)
= Cyananthus hookeri var. densus C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924: 249 (1924)
= Cyananthus hookeri var. grandiflorus C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924: 249 (1924)
= Cyananthus hookeri var. hispidus Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 1: 281 (1887)
= Cyananthus hookeri var. levicalyx Y.S.Lian; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 73(2): 183 (1983)
= Cyananthus hookeri var. levicaulis Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 1: 281 (1887)
species :
Cyananthus incanus Hook.f. & Thomson; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 2: 20 (1858)
Distribution: China (S-Qinghai, W-Sichuan, Yunnan); E-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi, West Bengal)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyananthus dolichosceles Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924: 250 (1924)
= Cyananthus incanus subsp. orientalis K.K.Shrestha; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(5): 407 (1997)
= Cyananthus incanus subsp. petiolatus (Franch.) D.Y.Hong & L.M.Ma; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 29(1): 44-45 (1991)
= Cyananthus incanus var. bicolor Cowan; New Fl. & Silva 10: 185 (1938)
= Cyananthus incanus var. decumbens Y.S.Lian; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(3): 122-123 (1979)
= Cyananthus incanus var. nudicalyx Cowan; New Fl. & Silva 10: 185 (1938)
= Cyananthus incanus var. parvus C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924(6): 252 (1924)
= Cyananthus neglectus C.Marquand; Bot. Mag. 147, t. 8909 (1938)
= Cyananthus petiolatus Franch.; Bull. Annuel Soc. Philom. Paris, Sér. 8, 3: 147 (1891)
= Cyananthus petiolatus var. minor (C.Y.Wu) S.H.Huang; , Fl. Yunnan. 5: 462 (1991), without basionym ref.
= Cyananthus petiolatus var. pallidocoeruleus C.Y.Wu; Yunnan Trop. Subtrop. Fl. Res. Rep. 1: 89 (1965)
= Cyananthus petiolatus var. pilifolius (C.Y.Wu) Y.S.Lian; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 73(2): 21 (1983)
= Cyananthus pilifolius C.Y.Wu; Yunnan Trop. Subtrop. Fl. Res. Rep. 1: 87, pl. 21, f. 4 (1965)
= Cyananthus pilifolius f. leiocalyx C.Y.Wu; Yunnan Trop. Subtrop. Fl. Res. Rep. 1: 88 (1965), nom. illeg.
= Cyananthus pilifolius var. minor C.Y.Wu; Yunnan Trop. Subtrop. Fl. Res. Rep. 1: 89, pl. 32, f. 1 (1965)
= Cyananthus pilifolius var. pallidocoeruleus C.Y.Wu; Yunnan Trop. Subtrop. Fl. Res. Rep. 1: 89, pl. 32, f. 2 (1965)
species :
Cyananthus inflatus Hook.f. & Thomson; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 2: 21 (1858)
Distribution: China (W-Guizhou, W-Sichuan, N-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi, Nagaland, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Chin)
36 CHI TIB 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyananthus forrestii Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 173 (1912)
= Cyananthus inflatus var. rufus Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 1: 281 (1887)
= Cyananthus inflatus var. sylvestris C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924: 249 (1924)
= Cyananthus pseudoinflatus P.C.Tsoong; Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 3(3): 109 (1935)
species :
Cyananthus integer Wall. ex Benth.; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 309 (1836)
Distribution: NW-India (Uttarakhand)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyananthus barbatus Edgew.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 82 (1851)
species :
Cyananthus lichiangensis W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8(37): 109 (1913)
Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, N-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Cyananthus ligulosus D.Y.Hong; Fl. Pan-Himalaya 47: 86 (2015)
Distribution: Tibet
36 TIB
species :
Cyananthus lobatus Wall. ex Benth.; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 309 (1836)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi, Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu & Kashmir); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Kachin)
36 CHI TIB 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyananthus farreri (C.Marquand) C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924: 247 (1924)
= Cyananthus hayanus C.Marquand; New Fl. & Silva 8: 207 (1936)
= Cyananthus insignis R.A.Graham; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 107: 10 (1940), anglice
= Cyananthus lobatus f. albiflorus J.Luo & Shu L.Wang; Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 32(8): 1704 (2012)
= Cyananthus lobatus var. farreri C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924(6): 247, f. 3 (1924)
species :
Cyananthus longiflorus Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 1: 280 (1887)
Distribution: China (W-Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyananthus argenteus C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924(6): 253-254, f. 10 (1924)
= Cyananthus obtusilobus C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924(6): 254-255, f. 11 (1924)
species :
Cyananthus macrocalyx Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 1: 279 (1887)
subspecies :
subsp. macrocalyx
Distribution: China (SE-Gansu, S-Qinghai, W-Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyananthus incanus var. leiocalyx Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 1: 279 (1887)
= Cyananthus leiocalyx (Franch.) Cowan; New Fl. & Silva 10: 187 (1938)
= Cyananthus leiocalyx subsp. lucidus K.K.Shrestha; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(5): 409-410, f. 10 (1997)
= Cyananthus macrocalyx var. flavopurpureus C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924(6): 252 (1924)
= Cyananthus macrocalyx var. pilosus C.Marquand; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1924(6): 251-252 (1924)
= Cyananthus neurocalyx C.Y.Wu; Yunnan Trop. Subtrop. Fl. Res. Rep. 1: 86, pl. 31, f. 3 (1965)
= Cyananthus pilosus (C.Marquand) K.K.Shrestha; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(5): 405 (1997)
subspecies :
subsp. spathulifolius (Nannf.) K.K.Shrestha; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(5): 412-413 (1997)
Distribution: SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi, Arunachal Pradesh); Myanmar
36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyananthus spathulifolius Nannf.; Acta Horti Gothob. 5: 30 (1930)
species :
Cyananthus microphyllus Edgew.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20(1): 81 (1846)
Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)
36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyananthus linifolius Hook.f. & Thomson; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 2: 20 (1858), nom. nov. superfl.
= Cyananthus nepalensis Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 15(4): 109 (1954)
= Cyananthus microphyllus subsp. williamsonii K.K.Shrestha; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35(5): 419 (1997)
species :
Cyananthus pedunculatus C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3(8): 434 (1881)
Distribution: S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, Chumbi, West Bengal)
36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyananthus pedunculatus var. crenatus C.Marquand; New Fl. & Silva 8: 208 (1936)
= Cyananthus himalaicus K.K.Shrestha; Brittonia 44: 253 (1992)
species :
Cyananthus sericeus Y.S.Lian; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(3): 122, t. 1 (1979)
Distribution: S-Tibet
36 TIB
species :
Cyananthus sherriffii R.S.Cowan; New Fl. & Silva 10: 181 (1938)
Distribution: S-Tibet; Bhutan
36 TIB 40 BHU
species :
Cyananthus wardii C.Marquand; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 48(321): 196 (1929)
Distribution: SE-Tibet
36 TIB
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.05 (May 20th, 2026)

Covering 359,646 accepted species,
8,890 hybrids, 47,679 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,012,517 synonyms,
in total 1,428,732* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life